Unit I

Introduction - Geographical concepts and terminology - Difference

between image processing system, other information systems and GIS
- utility of GIS - Various GIS packages and their salient features -
Essential components of GIS.

Unit II
Data: Spatial and Non-Spatial Data Spatial Data: Points, Lines,
Polygons/Area and Surface - Non-Spatial Data - Levels of
Measurement: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio Data Base Functions
- Data Base Structures Hierarchical, Network, Relational- Relational
Data Base Management System Normalization, E-R Diagram- data
manipulation and analysis

Unit III
Coordinate systems Datums - Map projections - Coordinate
transformation Georeferencing Ditigization- Methods of digitization,
Common errors in digitization Data acquisition - Raster data model-
Introduction, Description, Data Compression-run length, chain, block
and quadtree coding - Vector Data Model Topology, Euler equation,
Rules for topological consistency arc-node data structure - Raster to
vector conversion - Topology and spatial relationships - Data storage
verification and editing - Raster vs. vector comparison

Unit IV
Discrete and continuous surfaces Interpolation techniques - Digital
elevation models source of DEM DEM representation Gridded DEM,
TIN structure Extraction of topographic parameters: slope, aspect,
delineation of watershed and drainage network - DEM applications.

Unit V
Spatial and mathematical operations in GIS - Overlay, Query based
measurement and statistical modelling, Buffers, Spatial analysis,
Network analysis, Statistical reporting and graphing - Application of
GIS to various natural resources mapping and monitoring and other
civil engineering related problems.