(The Purdue University Online
Writing Lab)
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/

(The Writing Center, University of
North Carolina)
http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/

(Academic Writing, Texas
A&M University):
http://writingcenter.tamu.edu/c/how-to/academic/

(The Writing
Center @ The University of Wisconsin Madison)
http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/index.html

(The Writing Machine, HKU)
http://www4.caes.hku.hk/writingmachine/


(MIT Open Course Ware):
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/
MIT2001
10



(Open Course Ware)MIT2011
2000

MIT(:
http://www.myoops.org/twocw/mit/index.htm)


Listening, Speaking, and Pronunciation:
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/foreign-languages-and-
literatures/21f-223-listening-speaking-and-
pronunciation-fall-2004/

In Writing for Social Sciences and Architecture:
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/foreign-languages-and-
literatures/21f-228-advanced-workshop-in-writing-for-
social-sciences-and-architecture-els-spring-
2007/lecture-notes/

Advanced Writing Seminar
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/urban-studies-and-
planning/11-229-advanced-writing-seminar-spring-
2004/lecture-notes/


(Distance Learning, The
Open University)
http://www.open.ac.uk/openlearn/

What is Good Writing
http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/vie
w.php?id=398928&direct=1

Essay and Report Writing Skills
http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/vie
w.php?id=398972&direct=1


Open.edu: Top 50 University Open
Courseware Collections
http://onlineuniversityrankings2010.com/2010/op
en-edu-top-50-university-open-courseware-
collections/

YouTube EDU
http://www.youtube.com/edu

iTunes U :
http://www.apple.com/tw/itunes/download/
search: writing see all  Writing, Roys
Writing Tools, Academic Writing,



:
 Chomsky
(competence)
(intuition)





:
 Sinclair



(performance)






(word frequency list)(key
word in context)
(concordancer)




:
goal/aim: reach a goal/
*reach an aim
rule/regulation: breaking rules
waste/squander: wasting time
heavy rain/ *strong rain
*heavy wind/ strong wind


 Lewis: certain words co-occur in natural text with

greater than random frequency.
 Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of
English: the way words combine in a language to
produce natural-sounding speech and writing.



(free combination)
( /)


 Benson, BensonIlsonThe
BBI dictionary of English word
combinations
grammatical collocation
lexical collocation
 dominant word





G1+ The price of apathy towards public

affairs is to be ruled by evil men.

G2+to+It was a pleasure to do business
with you.

G3+that+I took an oath that I would do my
duty.

G4+Major earthquakes can be predicted
months in advance.

G5+We were hungry for more success.

G6+to+It is necessary to understand the
nature of science.

G7+that+He was afraid that he might lose
his job.

G8 19verb patterns


L1+ The computer software
program can help young children compose music.

L2+How much does it cost to
demolish a house?

L3+I can give you a rough estimate over the
phone.

L4+ Our burglar alarm goes off unexpectedly.

L5+of+He sent her a bouquet of flowers.

L6+The good manager will be keenly aware of
the needs of others.

L7 +Students vary considerably in their abilities
to understand the second language.

:
(L1 interference)

: *learn/ *study/ *grasp knowledge
gain/acquire knowledge

: *raise English ability improve
English skills

*Biochemists are making research into the
causes of AIDS.
make
*making research makeresearch
do:
Biochemists are doing research into the causes
of AIDS.do/make an experiment


:
(overgeneralization)

commit error/ crime/ suicide/ murder/ offence/
conspiracy/ robbery/ fraud/ sin/ harm
*commit mistake

The research result was extremely disappointing.
extremely disappointing (adv. + adj.)
: *The research result was an extreme
disappointment.
*extreme disappointment (adj. + n.)
great disappointment


?









?







?




V + N:
: * learn knowledge acquire/ broaden/
increase/ extend/ gain/ improve knowledge
* kill problem attack/ combat/ deal with/
ease/ grapple with/ overcome/ resolve/ solve/ tackle
problem
: * make problem create/ cause problem
: * create/ make / produce music compose
music
: * write diary keep diary
: * open check write check


V + N:
: * study a Masters degree do a Masters
degree
: *pass/ cross difficulties get over/
overcome/ tide over difficulties.
: * receive telephone answer telephone
: * listen to instruction follow instruction
: * I dont understand your
meaning. I dont follow you.
: raise a question/ *suggestion/ *warning/ * an
application/ *ones resignation


A + N:
: * sour rain acid rain
: * hearty greeting hearty welcomes
: *thick tea strong tea
: * toxic snake poisonous snake

N + N:
: * job chance job opportunity

N + of + N
cause of accident/ damage/ death/ trouble/
failure/ anxiety/ *success/ *progress


TANGO
http://candle.fl.nthu.edu.tw/collocation/webf
orm2.aspx

CARE
http://candle.fl.nthu.edu.tw/care/

MUST
http://candle.fl.nthu.edu.tw/vntango/

WriteAhead
http://nlp.cs.nthu.edu.tw/writeahead


Academic Writer
http://vlc.polyu.edu.hk/academicwriter/

COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English,
):
http://corpus.byu.edu/coca/

Lextutor :
http://www.lextutor.ca/

Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English

http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/micase/
Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English >> ELI
Corpora & UM ACL


Antconc:
http://www.antlab.sci.waseda.ac.jp/software.
html

:
http://www.antlab.sci.waseda.ac.jp/antconc_
index.html

:
http://www.antlab.sci.waseda.ac.jp/software/
README_antconc3.2.1_chinese.pdf
:
AntConc
 :

file () Open File(s) (

)/ Open Dir()

 :

AntConcCorpus Files (
)
 :
share

)share

Hit (

Concordance
Hits (
)
share39

share
start
 :
share

KWIC (key word in context,

)share

share

ford.txt
share

sharemarket share ()

share()
 :
economic

AntConc
economic
1economiceconomic
crisis ()
2economicstart
reforms ()
34economic growth ()
 :
economic

Kwic
)

Sort (
economic
Level 10economic Level 2
economic:
its1R
25raised economic growth forecast ()
economic
26second-quarter economic growth ()
34the countrys top economic official ()
36the U.S. economic outlook ()
38the global economic recovery ()
46resistance to economic upheaval ()
Level 2Level 3

 :
Clusters
)

(

Clusters () /
economyCluster
 :
economy

3.5

economy
:
to boost the U.S. economy 1.5
Search
)On

Term Position ( Left ()
On Right ()Invert Order ()

confidence for the global economy
economy
economy
Cluster
On(
Size Lefteconomy
)
Min.Max Size.28 (
start
8)
a sign of improvement in South Koreas economy

to recover and develop different segments of economy

 :
purpose

TESOL Quarterly (
)(research purpose)
purposeStart

479
:
 :
constructivist

constructivist theories/

approach/ model/ orientation

constructivist:
constructivist view/ perspective/ conception/
ideology
 :

11
(knowledge)
 .

:

(1)



fewlittle
research, study
few researches, few studies, little
research, little study
few studieslittle research

few studies, a few

studies, a few of studies, a few of the studies, a

study
few of their studies
research

:


:

(1)

felt a serious
When I woke up this morning, I ____
headache.
(2)

appear from this
What kind of difficulties may _______
situation?
(3)

made
This typhoon ________serious damage to the
crops.
 (4)

reach
Think of other examples and try to _________at
a conclusion.
(5)

infect
You cant _________ the disease just from
TANGO, MUST,
physical The Web Concordancer
contact.
felt
(6)
headache,


difficulty
appear, made damage, reach at conclusion,
My father has a good memory and finds it easy
infect disease,
save fact
save facts.
to __________


:


:

(1)

felt a serious
When I woke up this morning, I ____
headache. had
(2)

appear from this
What kind of difficulties may _______
situation? arise
headache,
(3) difficulty,

damage, conclusion,
disease, made
Thisfact
typhoon ________serious damage to the
crops. caused
(4)

Think of other examples and try to _________at
reach a
conclusion.
arrive
(5)

You cant _________
infect the disease just from
physical contact.
catch
(6)

My father has a good memory and finds it easy to
save facts.
__________
retain
 :

(2)















CARE

(1)

research purpose,
research hypothesis, research questions
:
The purpose of this study is to investigate
the following research questions:
(2)

survey, questionnaire
:
The survey consisted of three parts: (a)
background information, (b) attitude
toward technology, and (c) experience
with the Internet.
(3)

review:

As Nicholas et al. (2001) summarized in

their review of experimental studies,
(4) result
:
Results of this experiment have shown
that
(5) conclusion
:
In conclusion, the findings in this study
stress the importance of
(6)

because, cause, therefore, reason for, due
to, attributable to, lead to, contribute to
:
Comprehension problems may be due
either to gaps in the input or gaps in the
learners interlanguage system.
(7) compare, more
than, rather than, superior to
:
They compared the effect of audio
delivery in three different formats: full
text, partial text, and no text.
(8) however,
nonetheless, although, contrary , contrast,
opposite:
Although designed to account for L1
writing, Kellogs (1996) model is also
applicable to L2 learners.
(9) same,
equivalent, identical, synonymous, similar,
resemble, compatible, common
:

The percentage of keywords for each of

the two scripts was almost identical.
(10) correlation,
relate to, associate with, connect with,
pertain to:

As stated earlier, vocabulary has been

shown to be associated with reading,
writing, and academic success.








by
I, we, you




; :

 (1)
V. N.
ban/ begin/ carry on/ carry out/ cite/ conduct/ research
continue/ complete/ do/ duplicate/ expand/ fund/
produce/ prohibit/ publish/ quote/ replicate/ start/
set up/ sponsor/ support/ underpin/ undertake/
Adj. N.

academic/ ample/ collaborative/ comprehensive/ research

empirical/ extensive/ follow-up/ further/ great deal
of/ ground-breaking/ growing body of/ historical/
increasing amount of/ in-depth/ important/ large
amount of/ leading/ much/ original/ painstaking/
pioneering/ previous/ qualitative/ quantitative/
scientific/ seminal/ systematic/
 (2)
N. N.
research area/ article/ attention/ data/ effort/
evidence/ field/ finding/ foundation/
goal / grant/ method/ objective/
paper/ paradigm/ problem/
procedure/ program/ project/
purpose/ question/ report/ result/
stage/ team/ work/ writing/

Prep. N.
in agreement/ comparison/ conclusion/
consequence/ contrast/ detail /
effect/ general/ practice/ principle/
progress/ response/ retrospect /
summary/ theory/


(1)

: :
 Recent years have seen increased attention
being given to _______ in _________________.
 In recent years there has been considerable
interest in ______________________.
 The effect of ___________________ has been
studied extensively in recent years.


(2)

: :
 All these _____ are attributable to __________.
 ______ will be due to a large extent to ______.
 The reasons for _______ could be _________.
 ________ is partially a result of ____________.


: :

In light of these concerns, this paper has
three purposes: (a) to provide _________;
(b) to report on trends in_____________;
and (c) to recommend______________.






Before I proceed with my discussion on second
language acquisition, I need to define an
important concept, affective domain. Affective
domain refers to the feelings that everyone
experiences. It is often contrasted with the
cognitive domain, which deals with our
analytical abilities. An example of a personality
factor that falls within the affective domain is
the idea of self-esteem. Your self-esteem has to
do with your view of yourself.


Before I proceed with my discussion on
, I need to define an important concept,
. refers to
. It is often contrasted
with , which
deals with . An example
of__ that falls within is
the idea of .
has to do with .


Researchers of second language learning have often
__1___ that learners' beliefs about foreign language
learning would likely __2___ their use of learning
strategies. However, research which has empirically
__3___ the link between learners' acquired beliefs and
their use of strategies is scant. Therefore, the aim of
this article attempts to ___4__ how learner's beliefs
about English learning and their use of English
learning strategies are related. This research involved
a survey, __5___ of two sets of questionnaires
___6___ learning beliefs and strategies.


1: suggested, indicated; 2: affect, influence; 3:
documented, recorded; 4. explore, examine; 5:
comprised, consisted; 6: concerning, regarding


(2010).:


(2010).: :


(2010).:
(2010). :
:

(2008).:
:

(2007). :
:

(2006). :
:
Thank you for your
attention!

Q&A