Lecture 2: Hematopoiesis and the Lymphatic System

Be able to differentiate innate or natural immunity from adaptive or specific

immunity
Innate immunity is defined as mechanism that recognize and control or eliminate
pathogens without requiring any prior exposure to that pathogen.
1st line of defense existing in the host and itss relatively nonspecific.
Adaptive immunity are mechanisms that are not pre-existing, they develop over time
after exposure to pathogen and they are mediated mainly by cells called lymphocytes and
two main classes of lymphocytes T-cells and B-cells, and also adaptive immunity is
antigen specific and finally it provides memory and provides lifelong immunity to
reinfection.

Name the principal cell types that make up the white blood cell (WBC) population.
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Basophil
Monocyte
Lymphocyte
 List the percentages that these populations make up of WBCs in the circulation of the
average, healthy adult.

Describe the principal functions of each type of WBC and the structural features that
distinguish them
Lymphocytes NK
 Name and describe the functions of the primary and secondary lymphoid organs
Primary bone marrow and thymus: B and T lymphocytes both originate from lymphoid
precursors in the bone marrow, but B cells compete their maturation in the bone marrow
before entering the circulation, whereas T cells leave the bone marrow at an immature
state and migrate in the blood to the thymus where they can mature.
Secondary spleen, lymph nodes, Peyers patch: sites where mature lymphocytes
become stimulated to responds to invading pathogens. Lymphocytes are constantly
arriving from the blood and depart in the lymph.
Describe the structure of lymph nodes

Lymph nodes
lie at the junctions of a network of lymphatic vessels.
Small kidney shaped organs ~ 1.2 cm long and weighing 1 gram or less.
is composed of a cortex and a medulla.
Lymph arrives via the afferent lymphatic vessels
during infection,
pathogens and pathogen-laden dendritic cells arrive from the
infected tissue in the draining afferent lymph.
is packed with lymphocytes, macrophages, and other cells of the immune
system
between which the lymph percolated until it reaches the marginal sinus
and leaves by the efferent lymphatic vessel.

T cells populate the inner cortex (paracortex) and B cells form lymphoid follicles in the
outer cortex.
During infection, the expansion of pathogen-specific B cells form a spherical structure
called a germinal center within each follicle.