:

, , .
..: 5 = 5, 4 = 4, 0 = 0
:
.
.
:
, 0
=
, < 0
:

9 =0 =0

9 =

9 = 0 < 0
9 = 0 > 0

:
0 , > 0 0

2 2
= 2 = 2 , Z
2 +1 , 0

2 +1
: = 2 +1 , Z
, < 0

= 1 2 ... = 1 2 ...

1 = 2 = ... = = , =

= , 0

+ ( )
+ = + 0 + = 0
+ + , :
1 + 2 + ... + 1 + 2 + ... +

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 :
x = x = x =
> 0 , : x = x = x =
> 0 , : x < < x < x x
> 0 , : x > x < x > x x x

:
d ( , ) d ( , )
= , :
d ( , ) =

1. :
= x 4 + 2x

:
,

:
- x 4 0 x 4 , : x 4 = x 4 . :

= x 4 + 2 x = x 4 + 2 x = 3x 4

- x 4 < 0 x < 4 , : x 4 = ( x 4 ) = x + 4 . :

= x 4 + 2x = x + 4 + 2x = x + 4
:
3 x 4, x 4
=
x + 4, x < 4

: .
..: x 2 + 3 = x 2 + 3 , x 2 + 3 > 0 x \
x 2 = ( x 2 ) = x 2 , x 2 0 x \

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2. :
= x 2 4 3x 1 + x

:
,
:
- x

-
, x
- , x

:
x2 = 0 x = 2
1 x 13 2 +

3x 1 = 0 3x = 1 x = _ _
3 x2 +

x 2 3x 1 , _
3x 1 + +

x .
:

1
- x < , : x 2 = ( x 2 ) = x + 2 3x 1 = ( 3x 1) = 3x + 1
3

:
= x 2 4 3x 1 + x = x + 2 4 ( 3x + 1) + x = x + 2 + 12 x 4 + x = 12 x 2

1
- x < 2 , : x 2 = ( x 2 ) = x + 2 3x 1 = 3x 1
3

:
= x 2 4 3x 1 + x = x + 2 4 ( 3x 1) + x = x + 2 12 x + 4 + x = 12 x + 6

- x 2 , : x 2 = x 2 3x 1 = 3x 1
:
= x 2 4 3x 1 + x = x 2 4 ( 3x 1) + x = x 2 12 x + 4 + x = 10 x + 2
:
1
12 x 2, x<
3

1
= 12 x + 6, x<2
3
10 x + 2, x2

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3. a < 1 < b , :
A = 1 a + 1 b a b
:
,

:
a < 1 0 < 1 a , 1 a = 1 a
1 < b 1 b < 0 , 1 b = (1 b ) = b 1
a < b a b < 0 , a b = ( a b ) = b a
:
A = 1 a + 1 b a b =

= (1 a ) + ( b 1) ( b a ) =

= 1 a + b 1 b + a = 0

1. :
2x + 5 = x + 3

x = , :

x = x = x =

2x + 5 = x + 3
2 x + 5 = x + 3 2 x + 5 = ( x + 3)
3x = 2 2 x + 5 = x 3
2
x = x = 8
3

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2. :
i. 3 2 x + 7 9 = 0
ii. 5 3x 4 = 0
iii. 5 + 2 4 x 1 = 3

:
x = , :
- > 0 , : x = x = x =
- = 0 , : x = 0 x = 0
- < 0 ,

i. :
3 2x + 7 9 = 0 3 2x + 7 = 9 2x + 7 = 3

2 x + 7 = 3 2 x + 7 = 3

2 x = 4 2 x = 10 x = 2 x = 5

ii. :


4
5 3x 4 = 0 3x 4 = 0 3x 4 = 0 3x = 4 x =
3

iii. :

5 + 2 4 x 1 = 3 2 4 x 1 = 2 4 x 1 = 1 ,

3. :

6 2x 3 4 3 2x 3 +1
+ 3 2x =

7 2

:
,

3 2 x = 2 x 3 , :
6 2x 3 4 3 2x 3 +1 6 2x 3 4 3 2x 3 +1
+ 3 2x = + 2x 3 = (1)
7 2 7 2
2 x 3 = 0 . (1) :
6 4 3 + 1
+ = 2 ( 6 4 ) + 14 = 7 ( 3 + 1)
7 2
12 8 + 14 = 21 + 7 5 = 15 = 3
:
2 x 3 = 3 2 x 3 = 3 2 x 3 = 3
2x = 6 2x = 0 x = 3 x = 0
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4. :
x + 2 = 2 ( x 3)

:
,
:

:
- x + 2 0 x 2 , :
x + 2 = 2 ( x 3)
x + 2 = 2 x + 6
3x = 4

x=

3
, x 2

- x + 2 < 0 x < 2 , :
x + 2 = 2 ( x 3)

x 2 = 2 x + 6

x =8

, x < 2

:
- 2 ( x 3) 0 2 x + 6 0 2 x 6 x 3 , :

x + 2 = 2 ( x 3)
x + 2 = 2 ( x 3) x + 2 = 2 ( x 3)
x + 2 = 2 x + 6 x + 2 = ( 2 x + 6 )
3x = 4 x + 2 = 2 x 6
4
x= x =8
3
4
x = , x 3 ,
3
x = 8 , x 3
- 2 ( x 3) < 0 2 x + 6 < 0 2 x < 6 x > 3 ,

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.

1. :
2 x 1 2 + x
i. <
4 3
x
ii. 2 3 < 0
2
x 4
iii. < 2
3

:
x < , :
- > 0 , : x < < x <
- = 0 ,

- < 0 ,

i. :

2 x 1 2 + x
< 3 ( 2 x 1) < 4 ( 2 + x ) 6 x 3 < 8 + 4 x

4 3
11 11 11

2 x < 11 x < < x <

2 2 2

ii. :
x x

2 3 < 0 3 < 0 ,
2 2

iii. :

x 4
< 2 x 4 < 6 x < 2 ,

2. :
3 ( x 1)
i. 3 x
2
ii. x + 2 0
3x + 5 + 4
iii. 1
3

:
x , :
- > 0 , : x x
- = 0 , : x 0 x = 0
- < 0 ,

7
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i. :
3 ( x 1)
3 x 6 2 x 3 ( x 1)
2
9 9 9
62 x 3 x 3 5 x 9 x x
5 5 5

ii. :
x + 2 0 x + 2 = 0 x + 2 = 0 x = 2

iii. :
3x + 5 + 4
1 3x + 5 + 4 3 3x + 5 1,
3

3. :

3 x 6

i. >2
x +2

ii.
1 x 6 x 1
+

< 2+
x 1 + 2

3 2 2
1

iii. 3 x 1 x > 1
3

:
x > , :

- > 0 , : x > x < x >

- = 0 , : x > 0 x 0

- < 0 , x \

i. :
3 x 6 x + 2>0
3 x 6
x +2
>2 ( x + 2) x +2
> ( x + 2) 2

3 x 6 > 2 x + 4 x > 10 x < 10 x > 10

ii. 1 x = x 1 . :
1 x 6 x 1 x 1 + 2
+ < 2+

3 2 2
x 1 6 x 1 x 1 + 2
+ < 2+ (1)
3 2 2
x 1 = 0 . (1) :

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6 +2
+
< 2+ 2 + 3 ( 6 ) < 12 + 3 ( + 2 )
3 2 2
2 + 18 3 < 12 + 3 + 6 4 > 0 > 0
:
x 1 > 0 x 1 0 x 1

iii. :
1 1 3x
3x 1 x > 1 3 x 1 > 1
3 3
1 3x 1 3x
3x 1 > 1 3 x 1 > 1
3 3
1 3x = 3x 1 , :
3x 1
3x 1 > 1 (1)

3x 1 = 0 . (1) :

> 1 3 > 3 2 > 3 >
3 2
:
3
3x 1 > , x

4. :
2 (1 + x )

x +3
i. x + 5+
3 2

2 x + 7 12
ii. 3

3 x
iii. 2
2

:
x , :
> 0 , : x x x
= 0 , x \
< 0 , x \

i. :
2 (1 + x ) x +3
x+ 6 x + 4 (1 + x ) 30 + 3 ( x + 3)
5+
3 2
6 x + 4 + 4 x 30 + 3 x + 9 7 x 35
x 5 x 5 x 5

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ii. :
2 x + 7 12
3 2 x + 7 12 12 2 x + 7 0 ,
4
x

iii. :
3 x
2 3 x 4 x 1 , x
2

1. :

2 2 2 2
x+ y + x y =2 x +2 y

1
2

:
2 2
x+ y + x y =

= ( x + y) + ( x y) =
2 2

= x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 + x 2 2 xy + y 2 =
= 2 x2 + 2 y 2 =

2 2
=2 x +2 y

2. :
2 x + y < x + 2 y x < y , ( x + 2 y ) y 0

:
2 2
2x + y < x + 2 y 2x + y < x + 2 y
( 2 x + y ) < ( x + 2 y ) 4 x 2 + 4 xy + y 2 < x 2 + 4 xy + 4 y 2
2 2

2 2
3x 2 < 3 y 2 x 2 < y 2 x < y x < y

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3. x 3 y 2 , :
4 x 3 y + 1 19

:
+

:
4x 3 y +1 4x + 3 y + 1 = 4 x + 3 y +1 =
= 4 x + 3 y + 1 4 3 + 3 2 + 1 = 19
4 x 3 y + 1 19

1. i. , :

+ = 0;
ii. :

a. x 2 9 + 9 3 x = 0

b. x2 + x 3 = 0

:
:

+ =0 = =0

+ 0 0 0

+ >0 0 0

i. :
0 0 , + 0 . + = 0
= 0 = 0 , = 0 = 0 .
+ = 0 = = 0 .

ii. (i) + = 0 = = 0 . :
x2 9 = 0 ( x 3)( x + 3) = 0

a. x 2 9 + 9 3x = 0
9 3 x = 0
3x = 9
x = 3 x = 3

x=3
x=3

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 x 2 = 0 x = 2

b. x 2 + x 3 = 0 ,
x 3 = 0 x = 3

2. :
2x 1 < 2x + 3

:
:
2x 1 < 2x + 3
2 2
2x 1 < 2x + 3

( 2 x 1) < ( 2 x + 3)
2 2

4 x 2 4 x + 1 < 4 x 2 + 12 x + 9
16 x < 8

x>
1


2

3. :

3 < 2x 5 < 4

:
2 x 5 > 3 (1)

3 < 2x 5 < 4

2x 5 < 4 2
( )
(1) :
2x 5 > 3
2 x 5 < 3 2 x 5 > 3
2 x < 2 2 x > 8 x < 1 x > 4 ( )
( 2 ) :
2 x 5 < 4 4 < 2 x 5 < 4
1 9
1 < 2x < 9 <x< ( ) 0 1/2 1 4 9/2
2 2
1 9
( ) ( ) : < x <1 4 < x <
2 2

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4. :
i. x 2 8 x + 16 = 0
ii. x5 3x 4 = 0

:
i. :
2
x 2 8 x + 16 = 0 x 8 x + 16 = 0
( x 4) = 0 x 4 = 0
2

x = 4 x = 4 x = 4

ii. :
5 4
x5 3x 4 = 0 x 3 x = 0

x
4
( x 3) = 0 4
x = 0 x 3 = 0

x = 0 x = 3 x = 0 x = 3 x = 3

5. :
i. x 2 + 2 = 3

ii. x 1 2 = 1

i. x 2 + 2 > 0 , x 2 + 2 = x 2 + 2 .
:

x2 +2 =3

x2 +2=3

x 2 =1
x 2 = 1 x 2 = 1
x = 3 x =1

ii. :
x 1 2 = 1
x 1 2 = 1 x 1 2 = 1
x 1 = 3 x 1 = 1
x 1 = 3 x 1 = 3 x 1 = 1 x 1 = 1
x = 4 x = 2 x = 2 x = 0

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6. :
d ( 3, x ) + 2d ( x,1) < 2 x + 7

:
:
d ( 3, x ) + 2d ( x,1) < 2 x + 7
3 x + 2 x 1 < 2 x + 7 (1)
:
3 x = 0 x = 3
x 1 = 0 x = 1
x 1 3 +
+ _
3 x +
3 x x 1 ,
_
x . x 1 + +
:

- x < 1, : 3 x = 3 x x 1 = ( x 1) = x + 1

(1) 3 x + 2 x 1 < 2 x + 7

3 x + 2 ( x + 1) < 2 x + 7

3 x 2x + 2 < 2x + 7

2
5 x < 2 x >
5

2
x < 1, : < x < 1
5

- 1 x < 3 , : 3 x = 3 x x 1 = x 1

:
(1) 3 x + 2 x 1 < 2 x + 7

3 x + 2 ( x 1) < 2 x + 7

3 x + 2x 2 < 2x + 7
x < 6 x > 6
1 x < 3 , : 1 x < 3

- x 3 , : 3 x = ( 3 x ) = x 3 x 1 = x 1
:
(1) 3 x + 2 x 1 < 2 x + 7
x 3 + 2 ( x 1) < 2 x + 7
x 3 + 2x 2 < 2x + 7
x < 12
x 3 , : 3 x < 12
2
, < x < 12
5

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7. :
x 2 3 <1

:
:
x 2 3 < 1 1 < x 2 3 < 1
x2 < 4

2 < x 2 < 4
x2 > 2

4< x2< 4 2< x <6


x 2 < 2 x 2 > 2 x < 0 x > 4

-2 0 4 6
, 2 < x < 0 4 < x < 6

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