EXPERIMENT # 01

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the Coefficient of Performance of heat Pump and production of Heat Pump
performance curves over a range of source and delivery temperatures.

APPARATUS:

Mechanical Heat Pump

PROCEDURE:

Switch on the vapor-compression refrigeration apparatus after taking care of all necessary precautions.
Allow running of the apparatus for a while so that the readings shown become stable. Change the
condenser water flow rate using the knob provided, for each set of readings. Insert the values in the table of
observations.

CALCULATIONS:

Work input rate across compressor wcom = 4500/ X

(I) Heat Output across condenser qcon = mw x Cp w (T6 T5)

(II) Coefficient of Performance COP = Heat Output / Work Input

(III)

TABLE/OBSERVATIONS:

Sr Condenser Condenser Time Compressor Heat Output COP

water flow Water per rev work input
No rate temperatures of rate across of heat pump
energy condenser (ND)
(g/s) outlet/inlet meter (kW)

(C) (kW)
(s)

mw T6 T5 X wco qco
m n

1 6.5 40 26.1 18.54 0.24271 0.377 1.55

2 10 32.7 22.7 20 0.225 0.418 1.857
3 15 26.5 20.6 21 0.21428 0.369 1.724
4
20 22.8 18.7 22.8 0.19737 0.342 1.736
SPECIMEN CALCULATION: (for first set of reading)

The energy meter installed on the apparatus is based on the following relationship:

800 Flashes Per kilo-watt-hour (kWh) corresponds 3.6 x 106 Joules (J) i.e. 1 kWh

1Flash Per kilo-watt-hour (kWh) corresponds (3.6 x 106) / 800 Joules (J) and that equals 4500 J.

If X is time for one Flash of Energy Meter then

Power Input = 4500/X J/s

Hence

Work Input rate (wcom) = 4500/X.

(wcom)= 0.24271 kW

Heat output rate (qcon) = mw x CP x (T 6 T5).

(qcon) = 0.377 kW

Now:

COP = _1.55_

PLOTS: Draw the following plots:

1- COP Vs condenser water outlet temperature

2- Compressor power input rate Vs condenser water outlet temperature
3- Heat output rate Vs condenser water outlet temperature

COMMENTS:

1) The Apparatus must be started for some time before the readings are noted.
2) By increasing heat COP also increases

3) There is inverse relation b/w the pressure and heat transfer in condenser

4) Heat should be rejected up to suitable value otherwise work will be increase.

5) By observing the table we have a direct relation b/w the pressure & heat transfer in evaporator which
increases as pressure increases or vice versa.
 EXPERIMENT # 02

OBJECTIVE:

Comparison of practical and Ideal Cycles on a P-H Diagram and determination of energy balance
for Condenser and Compressor.

APPARATUS:

Mechanical Heat Pump

PROCEDURE:

Switch on the vapor-compression refrigeration apparatus after taking care of all necessary precautions.
Allow running of the apparatus for a while so that the readings shown become stable. Change the
condenser water flow rate using the knob provided, for each set of readings. Insert the values in the table of
observations.

CALCULATIONS:

Heat Transfer from Refrigerant = mr (h2 h3) (I)

Heat Transfer to water = mw Cp (T6 T5)

(II) Electrical Power input to Compressor = 4500/ X

(III) Enthalpy change of R134a = mr (h2 h1)

(IV) TABLE/OBSERVATIONS:

Sr. Pressure Pressure Temp. Temp. Temp. Temp. Water Ref. Tim Cond.
mass e
No at at at at at at flow mass Water
Comp. Comp. rate flow Per
Comp. Comp. Cond. Ex. rate rev. Temps.
suctio deliver
suction delivery outlet Valve
n y g/s-1 In/Out
outlet g/s-1
(kN/m-2) (kN/m- (o C (o C )
(o C
2) ) ) (o C ) (s)

P1 P2 T1 T2 T3 T4 mw mref X T5 T6

1 75 625 17 64.4 20.8 -15.4 15 7 21 20.6 26.5

2 125 800 16.5 73.1 30.7 -8.6 6.5 7 18.54 26.1 40

3 62.5 590 16.2 56.3 18.4 -17.8 20 8 22.8 18.7 22.8

100 700 16.3 67.9 24 -12.2 10 7 20 22.7 32.7

4
SPECIMEN CALCULATIONS: (for first set of readings)

Draw the points on p-h diagram as follows

(1) Is located by the intersection of P1= 1.25 bar and T1= 16.50C
(2) Is located by the intersection of P2= 8 bar and T2= 73.10C___
(2s) Is located by assuming constant entropy compression from state point (1) and

P2= 8 bar , (S2s=S1)

(3) Is located by the intersection of P3 = 8 bar and T3= 30.50C

(4) Is located by the intersection of T4 = -8__ and h3=h4

The following readings were taken from p-h diagram

h1 = 317 KJ/Kg h2 = 360 KJ/Kg h2s =

h3 = h4 = 140 KJ/Kg v1 = 0.165 m3/Kg v1 = 0.038 m3/Kg

ENERGY BALANCE:

Condenser

Heat Transfer from Refrigerant = mr (h2 - h3) = 1540 KW

Heat Transfer to water = mw Cp (T6 - T5) = 172.634 KW

Compressor

Electrical Power input to Compressor = 4500/ X = 214.28 KW

Enthalpy change of R134a = mr (h2 - h1 ) = 301 KW

COMMENTS:

As COP has inverse relation with the condenser outlet temperature so as the condenser outlet
temperature increases heat output across condenser also increases as a result COP decreases.
COP has inverse relation to inlet temperature of water.
From the table we observe that as the pressure increases the temperature also increases accordingly
which results in a gradual increase in condenser outlet temperature showing a direct relation b/w these
quantities.
 EXPERIMENT # 03

OBJECTIVE:

Production of Heat Pump performance curves based on the R134a properties at a variety of
Evaporating and Condensing temperatures.

APPARATUS:

Mechanical Heat Pump

PROCEDURE:

Switch on the vapor-compression refrigeration apparatus after taking care of all necessary precautions.
Allow running of the apparatus for a while so that the readings shown become stable. Change the
condenser water flow rate using the knob provided, for each set of readings. Insert the values in the table of
observations.

CALCULATIONS:

Work input rate across Compressor wcom = 4500 / X (I)

Heat Transfer in Condenser qcon = mr x (h2 h3) (II)

Heat Transfer in Evaporator qevap = mr x (h1 h4) (III)

Coefficient of Performance COP = qcon / wcom (IV)

TABLE/OBSERVATIONS:

Pres Press Temp Te Temp Tem Ref. Time Cond. H.T. H.T. Com
sure ure mp p p
at 1 at 3 flow Per Water In in
at 1 at 2 at 2 at 4 rate rev. Temps. Eva Cond Input
Sr. (oC ) ( oC ) COP
No kN/ kN/m (oC ) (oC ) (g/s-1) (s) In/Out (KW (KW) (W)
m-2 -
2 )
P1 P2 T1 T2 T3 T4 mref X T6 T5 qevap qcond wcom

1 62.5 590 16.2 56.3 18.4 -17.8 8 22.8 22.8 18.5 0.272 0.265 197.3 1.343

2 75 625 17 64.4 20.8 -15.4 7 21 26.5 20.5 0.226 0.305 214.2 1.42

3 100 700 16.3 67.9 24 -12.2 7 20 32.7 22.7 0.199 0.3073 225 1.365

4 125 800 16.5 73.1 30.7 -8.6 7 18.54 40 26.1 0.175 0.296 242.71 1.22
SPECIMEN CALCULATION: (for 4th set of reading)

Draw the state points on p-h diagram as follows:

(5) Is located by the intersection of P1 =1.25 bar____ and T1= 16.50C
(6) Is located by the intersection of P2 = 8 bar______ and T2= 73.10C
(7) Is located by the intersection of P3 = 8 bar and T3= 30.70C
(8) Is located by the intersection of T4 = -8.6 0C and h3=h4

The following readings were taken from p-h diagram

h1 = 317 KJ/Kg h2 = 360 KJ/Kg h3 = h4 = 140 KJ/Kg

Work input rate across Compressor wcom = 4500 / X (I)

wcom = 4500 / 18.54

wcom = 242.7

Heat Transfer in Condenser qcon = mr x (h2 - h3) (II)

qcon =7 (360 140)

qcon = 0.296 KW

Heat Transfer in Evaporator qevap = mr x (h1 - h4) (III)

qevap =7 (317 140)

qevap = 0.175 KW

Coefficient of Performance COP = wcom / qcon (IV)

COP = 0.242/0.296

COP =1.22

PLOTS: Draw the following plots:

4- COP Vs Condenser water outlet temperature

5- Compressor power input rate Vs condenser water outlet temperature
6- Heat output rate Vs condenser water outlet temperature
7- Heat Transfer in Evaporator Vs condenser water outlet temperature
COMMENTS:
1. As COP has inverse relation with the condenser outlet temperature so as the condenser outlet
temperature increases, heat output across the condenser also increases and as a result COP will
decrease.
2. As the condenser water outlet temperature increases the heat output rate also increases by some
proportion that is specific

3. Compressor input power increases along with a small increase in heat output of condenser which at
the end decreases once again showing an abrupt behavior with sudden changes while operating.
 EXPERIMENT # 04

OBJECTIVE:

Estimation of the effect of Compressor Pressure Ratio on Volumetric Efficiency.

APPARATUS:

Mechanical Heat Pump

PROCEDURE:

Switch on the vapour-compression refrigeration apparatus after taking care of all necessary precautions.
Allow running of the apparatus for a while so that the readings shown become stable. Change the
condenser water flow rate using the knob provided, for each set of readings. Insert the values in the table of
observations.

CALCULATIONS:

Volume Flow Rate at Compressor Suction V1 = mrv1 (I)

Compressor Pressure Ratio rP = P2/P1 (II)

Volumetric Efficiency v = V1 / Vs (III)

Where Vs is compressor Swept Volume

TABLE/OBSERVATIONS:

Compress Compressor Compressor Volume Compress Ref. Compre

or Suction Suction Suction Flow Rate at or ssor
Pressure Temperatur Compressor Delivery flow Pressure Volumetric
e (o C) Specific Suction Pressure rate Efficiency
Sr. (kN/m-2) Volume Ratio
No 3
(m /s) x10 -4 (kN/m-2) (g/s-
1
(m3/kg) )

P1 T1 v1 V1 P2 mr rP v

1 75 17 0.270 1.89 625 7 8.33 45.8

2 125 16.5 0.165 1.155 800 7 6.4 28

3 62.5 16.2 0.35 2.8 590 8 9.44 67.8

100 16.3 0.225 1.575 700 7 7 38.13

4
SPECIMEN CALCULATION: (for first set of reading)

State point (1) may be plotted on p-h diagram to read out v1

Volume Flow Rate at Compressor Suction V1 = mrv1 (I)

V1 = 7 x 0.270

V1 = 1.89 (m3/s) x10-4

Compressor Pressure Ratio rP = P2/P1 (II)

rP = 625/75

rP = 8.33

The compressor swept volume rate (assuming that it runs at 2800 rev /min)

Vs = (2800/60) x 8.855x 10-6 m3/s

Vs = 4.13 x 10-4 m3/s

Where 8.855 cm 3 is the swept volume of the compressor cylinder per revolution

Volumetric Efficiency v = V1 / Vs (III)

= 0.457

PLOTS: Draw the following plots:

1- Compressor Pressure Ratio Vs % Volumetric Efficiency

COMMENTS:

1. From observation & readings we can say that compressor pressure has no effect on the volumetric
efficiency

2. As volumetric efficiency has an inverse relation with swept volume of cylinder so it decreases with
increase in volumetric efficiency.

3. By lowering the delivery pressure with keeping the compressor suction pressure constant, pressure
ratiodecreases.