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Chap 14
Chap 14
Chap 14
Proposed Systems
14.1. Introduction
320
14.2. Background 321
14.2. Background
14.3.2. An Example
Here is a simple example that illustrates the application of this general
approach. A store-and-forward computer communication network is
being designed. Our objective is to project the performance of this net-
work, given information about the planned usage, the software design,
and the supporting hardware.
The topology (star> and the protocol (polling) of the network are
known. The system is to support three kinds of messages: STORE,
FORWARD, and FLASH. From the functional specifications, the arrival
rate, priority, and response time requirement of each message type can be
obtained. Each message type has different characteristics and represents a
non-trivial portion of the workload, so it is natural to view each as a
separate workload component and to assign each to a different class.
Given knowledge of the intended protocol, a fourth class is formulated,
representing polling overhead. Further refinements of this class structure
are possible during project evolution.
The software specifications for each class are imprecise in the initial
stages, Only high-level information about software functionality, flow of
control, and processing requirements are available. A gross estimate of
CPU and I/O resource requirements for each class is obtained. The CPU
requirement specifies an estimated number of instructions for each mes-
sage of the type, and an estimated number of logical I/O operations. For
STORE messages, as an example, the I/O consists of a read to an index
to locate the message storage area, a write to store the message, and a
write to update the index. No indication is given here about file place-
ments or device characteristics, Instead, the logical properties of the
software are emphasized, to serve as a basis for further refinement when
the software design becomes more mature.
14.3. A GeneralFramework 325
FETCH-INDEX
DETERMINE-MSG-DESTINATION
STORE WRITE-MSG
STORE-MSG
UPDATE-INDEX
WRITE-INDEX
FETCH-INDEX
DETERMINE-MSG-DESTINATION
WRITE-MSG
FLASH
UPDATE-INDEX
ALERT-DESTINATION
WRITE-INDEX
DETERMINE-MSG-DESTINATION FETCH-INDEX
FORWARD
READ-MSGS
UPDATE-INDEX
WRLTE-LNDEX
14.4.2. ADEPT
parser
I-
I
Send Retrxve
message subassembly i
DB control Sort
system lists
-1 +
LOCATE LOCATE
descriptive pieces j of
data subassembly i
I
I
Retrieve
descriptive
data
t
Fetch first ret 2 where
assembly = 43 120 0.488 27 1.514
t
Fetch first ret 3 where 1.514
assembly = 43 120 0.488 27
t
Fetch next ret 1 0.116 1 0.154
+
14.5. Summary
14.6. References
Heffner [19681. The study of TSO was described by Lassettre and Scherr
119721. The study of OS/VS2 Release 2 was described by Beretvas
[19741. The study of ALS was described by Browne et al. [19751. A
good summary of these attempts appears in [Weleschuk 19811.
We have described two recent attempts at devising and supporting
general approaches. CRYSTAL was developed by BGS Systems, Inc.
[BGS 1982a, 1982b, 19831. The examples in Sections 14.3.2 and 14.4.1
come from internal BGS Systems reports, as does Figure 14.1. ADEPT
was developed by Connie U. Smith and J.C. Browne. The case study in
14.4.2 was conducted by Smith and Browne [19821; Figure 14.3 comes
from this paper. Other good sources on ADEPT include [Smith 19811
(the source of Figure 14.21, and [Smith & Browne 19831.
[Beretvas 19741
T. Beretvas. A Simulation Model Representing the OS/VS2 Release 2
Control Program. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 16. Springer-
Verlag, 1974, 15-29.
[BGS 1982al
CR YSTAL/IMS Modeling Support Library Users Guide. BGS Systems,
Inc., Waltham, MA, 1982.
[BGS 1982bl
CR YSTALKICS Modeling Support Library Users Guide. BGS Systems,
Inc., Waltham, MA, 1982.
tBGS 19831
CRYSTAL Release 2.0 Users Guide. BGS Systems, Inc., Waltham,
MA, 1983.
[Browne et al. 19751
J.C. Browne, K.M. Chandy, R.M. Brown, T.W. Keller, D.F. Towsley,
and C.W. Dissley. Hierarchical Techniques for Development of Real-
istic Models of Complex Computer Systems. Proc. IEEE 63,4 (June
19751, 966-975.
[Campbell & Heffner 19681
D.J. Campbell and W.J. Heffner. Measurement and Analysis of Large
Operating Systems During System Development. 1968 Fall Joint Com-
puter Conference Proceedings, AFIPS Volume 37 (1968)) AFIPS Press,
903-914.
[Lassettre & Scherr 19721
Edwin R. Lassettre and Allan L. Scherr. Modeling the Performance of
the OS/360 Time-Sharing Option (TSO). In Walter Freiberger (ed.),
Statistical Computer Performance Evaluation. Academic Press, 1972,
57-72.
334 Parameterization: Proposed Systems
[Smith 19811
Connie Smith. Increasing Information Systems Productivity by
Software Performance Engineering. Proc. CMG XII International
Conference (1981).
[Smith & Browne 19821
Connie Smith and J.C. Browne. Performance Engineering of Software
Systems: A Case Study. 1982 National Computer Conference Proceed-
ings, AFIPS Volume 51 (1982), AFIPS Press, 217-244.
[Smith & Browne 19831
Connie Smith and J.C. Browne. Performance Engineering of Software
Systems: A Design-Based Approach. To be published, 1983.
[Weleschuk 19811
B.M. Weleschuk. Designing Operating Systems with Performance in
Mind. MSc. Thesis, Department of Computer Science, University of
Toronto. 1981.