dng LaTeX

Hng dn s
1. Gii thiu
u LaTeX
1.1 Xut X

mt ngn ng nh dng vn bn
Tinn thn l TeX, m n do Donald Knuth pht minh,
minh rt
kh s dng.
LaTex, cc pht minh bi ng dd s dng hn.
b Leslie Lamport, da trn TeX nhng
Ngy nay LaTeX c
s dng rng ri trong cng ngng khoa hc
h v tip tc nhn
c nhiu s ng
ng gp, b
b sung tnh nng.

1.2 u im
m v khuy
khuyt im

Khuyt im:

Khng trcc quan sinh ng, khng thy c nh dng caa v
vn bn trong lc ang
son tho
t chuyn i

Phi thc hinn thao tc

S rt vt v nu mu kt hp nhiu kiu nh dng phc tpp vo trong cng ttp tin
u mun
LaTeX (nh ti liu hng dn thc hnh bn ang xem)

u im:
nh dng vn bn u, chuyn nghip.
nh dng th ton, m ngun lp trnh, ch mc, mc lc, ph lc, ti liu
ng cng thc
tham kho d dng

1.3 Cu
u trc chung ca
c mt tp tin LaTeX
 a \documentclass{} v \begin{document}
Phn chnh gi begin{document} gi l phn m u
(preamble). Mt s lnh nh dng vn bn nm trong phnn ny.

Trong , phn documentclass cho bit ta ang son tho loi vn bn no, mt s
loi vn bn cc h
h tr bi LaTeX:

\documentclass
documentclass {###} Loi vn bn
n
article n),
bi bo khoa hc, bo co (ngn),
report vn bn gm nhiu chng: ng: bo co (y
( ), sch
(nh), lun vn
book sch
proc k yu hi ngh
slides trnh chiu
letter th t

phn documentclass ta cn c th thit lp mt s nh dng chung

Ngoi ra, trong ph
cho ton vn bnn nh
nh l:

\documentclass
documentclass [***] {###} ngha
10pt, 11pt, kch thc ch
a4paper, letterpaper, kh giy
titlepage, notitlepage cha 1 trang lm trang ba
onecolumn, twocolumn vn bnn trnh by thnh 1 ho
hoc 2 ct
landscape kh giy nm ngang
fleqn cng thc khoa hc nm m bn tri thay v gia
leqno s th t ca cc cng thcc khoa hc
h nm bn
tri thay v bn phi

2. Son thoo LaTeX bng

b MikTeX
2.1 Ci t chng
ng trnh MikTeX

2.2 Bin dch tp

p tin .tex sang tp tin .pdf
 Yu cu thc hnh: Sinh vin s p vo on vn bn
s dng chng trnh MikTeX nhp
ch thnh file pdf xem kt qu.
trn v bin dch

3. nh dng th
3.1 n tp l thuytt

Cu trc chung ca mtt l th:

th

Lu :

Cc khong trng hay du s khng c hin th

d xung dng ty tin trong tp tin .tex s

hin th cc k t c bit nh &, #, $, %, {, th phi c duu \ ng trc

 3.2 Bi tp mu
Tp tin lin quan: Letter.tex
Yu cu thc hnh

STT Thi gian Yu cu Gi

Vit tip vo cui tp
1 5 pht Vit tip l th th 2 tr li li l th th 1
tin Letter.tex

4. nh dng bi bo khoa hc
Cc tp tin lin quan: Article.tex, Article.toc
Yu cu thc hnh

STT Thi gian Yu cu Gi

Bin dch ra file pdf v xem cu
1 3 pht Bm Ctrl T
trc ca mt bi bo khoa hc
2 Phn thng tin tc gi
2.1 3 pht Thm vo thng tin tc gi th 2 s dng lnh \and
Thm hoc b thng tin v ngy
2.2 3 pht dng lnh \date
hin ti
3 Phn tm tt ni dung
Trong LaTeX khng c sn
To mt lnh mi cho phn Lit lnh ny nn phi dng lnh
3.1 7 pht
k t kha \newcommand khai bo mt
lnh mi t tn l \Keyword
Thm phn Lit k t kha, dng Dng lnh \Keyword va to
3.2 3 pht
lnh va to trong phn 3.1 trong phn 3.1
4 Phn ni dung chnh
4.1 5 pht c phn ni dung chnh
Thay i cp nh s th t
4.2 3 pht \setcounter{secnumdepth}{}
cho phn ni dung
5 Phn mc lc
5.1 3 pht To mc lc cho vn bn \tableofcontents
Thay i cp trong phn Mc
5.2 3 pht \setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
lc
Thm phn Ti liu tham kho
5.3 5 pht \addcontentsline{toc}{}{}
vo trong Mc lc
5. nh dng ta
5.1 n tp l thuyt
Ta c th vit ring mt s phn trong mt tp tin .tex ring ri dng lnh \input{}
ni tp tin vo. V d to mt tp tin ta ring t tn l title.tex ri thm n
vo mt tp tin khc tn l Test_Title.tex.
Trong phn ta , ta thng s dng cc hiu ng hnh nh thm phn bt mt
nh l:
thay i c ch: \huge, \LARGE,\large
thay i kiu ch: \textsc, \emph, \bfseries,
thm hnh nh: \usepackage{graphicx} v \includegraphic

5.2 Bi tp mu
Cc tp tin lin quan: Test_Title.tex, title.tex
Yu cu thc hnh

STT Thi gian Yu cu Gi

Thay i ga tr
1 2 pht Thay i dy ca ng nm ngang linewidth trong file
Test_Title.tex
Thay i gi tr trong
Thay i ln ca khong cch sau khi
2 3 pht phn \\[...] trong tp tin
xung dng
title.tex
Dng lnh
3 5 pht Thay i hnh minh ha
\includegraphics
Thm thng tin tc gi th 4 nh hnh sau
Dng lnh \minipage
4 5 pht thm vo tc gi th
4

6. nh dng trang
6.1 n tp l thuyt

Kch thc trang (Page size)

S dng th vin geometry cho php ta la chn nhiu kiu nh dng kch thc
trang c sn:
 vin
Ngoi ra, th vi geometry cho php ta t do xc nh
nh kch th
thc trang v:

c c th nh dng chi tit hn na:

Nu mun,, ta cng

Tiu u
u trang v cui
cu trang (Header v Footer)

S dng th vin fancyhdr cho php ta to tiu u v cuii trang nhiu v tr:

Header Footer V tr
ch {trang l} \lfoot [trang chn] {trang ll}
\lhead [trang chn] bn tri
\chead [trang chn]
ch {trang l} \cfoot [trang chn] {trang l}
l chnh gia
\rhead [trang chn]
ch {trang l} \rfoot [trang chn] {trang l}
l bn phi

Trong , th vinn fancyhdr h tr sn mt s lnh:

Mt
t ss lnh c sn ngha
\thepage S th t trang hin ti
\leftmark Tiu chngng (book chapter)
\
\rightmark mc (article section)
\thesection S th t mcc (section number)

Chia ctt (Column)

Nu ch cn v bn thnh 2 ct n gin:
n chia vn
{article}
\documentclass[twocolumn]{article}
nhiu ct hn ta s dng th vin multicol
Nu munn chia nhi
Chia cc ti
t 10 ct
S lng ct mi phn c th khc nhau, nh dng
ng khc nhau
nh dngng ng
phn cch gia cc ct
 Hng trang (Orientation)
Mc nh l hng thng ng (portrait), nu mun chnh hng nm ngang
(landscape) cho tt c trang th thm v tham s sau:

\usepackage [,landscape,] {geometry}

Nu ch cn mt s trang nm ngang thi th dng th vin

\usepackage {pdflscape}

Khung vn bn (Minipage)
Ging vi khung vn bn (textbox) trong MSWord, s dng lnh:

\begin{minipage} [so_hng] { rng}

so_hng:
t: canh theo dng u tin trong khung
b: canh theo dng cui cng trong khung

Mt s nh dng khc
\newline hoc \\: xung dng
\linebreak [number]: ngt dng ngay ti v tr chn lnh ny. number t 0
(khng ngt c th thi) n 4 (ngt lin ti ch).
\newpage: sang trang mi
\newpage [number]: xung dng
\nopagebreak [number]: khng cho php ch ny xung dng

6.2 Bi tp mu
Cc tp tin lin quan: Page_Layout.tex, Minipage.tex
Yu cu thc hnh

STT Thi gian Yu cu Gi

S dng th vin geometry vi
1 5 pht Thay i kch thc trang
cc tham s khc nhau
To tiu u v cui trang S dng th vin fancyhdr, ch
2 5 pht cho cc trang chn v l khc mt s loi vn bn thuc
nhau dng 1 mt (article)
Thay i dy ca ng Thay i dy ng phn
3 3 pht phn cch tiu u v cui cch bng lnh \headrulewidth
trang v \footrulewidth
S dng th vin multicolum
Chia on vn bn c sn thnh
chia ct v lnh \columnseprule
4 3 pht 10 ct, dy ng phn cch
xc nh dy ca ng
gia cc ct l 1pt
phn cch
Chnh hng trang nm ngang Sng dng lnh th vin
5 3 pht
cho tt c trang trong tp tin geometry v truyn tham s
 Page_Layout landscape
Trong tp tin Minipage.tex,
canh cho dng cui cng trong Chnh tham s cho minipage
6 3 pht
khung vn bn ngay hng vi thnh b (bottom)
cc dng vn bn khc

7. nh dng on vn
7.1 n tp l thuyt

Chnh khong cch gia cc on, gia cc dng trong on vn bn

Khong cch gia cc on

\setlength{\parskip}{gi_tr_khong_cch}

Khong cch li u dng

\setlength{\parindent}{gi_tr_khong_cch}

Khong cch gia cc dng: \usepackage{setspace}

\setstretch{1.6}
\doublespacing

Canh l cho on vn bn

Canh l Environment Cu lnh

Canh u hai bn
Canh gia \begin{center} \end{center} \centering{}
Canh tri \begin{flushleft} \end{flushleft} \raggedright{}
Canh phi \begin{flushright} \end{flushright} \raggedleft{}

To danh sch

1. To danh danh sch nh s

\begin{enumerate}
\item
\item
\end{enumerate}

2. Thay i cch nh s th t

\renewcommand{\theenum}{kiu_s{cp_}}
 \renewcommand{\labelenum}{\theenum}

trong :

kiu_s V d cp_ Ghi ch

\arabic 1, 2, 3, enumi Danh sch cp 1
\alph a, b, c, enumii Danh sch cp 2
\Alph A, B, C, enumiii Danh sch cp 3
\roman i, ii, iii,
\Roman I, II, III,

To danh danh sch ch mc

\begin{itemize}
\item
\item
\end{itemize}

To danh sch s dng k t c bit

\renewcommand{\labelitemi}{k_t}

Th vin pifont h tr rt nhiu k t c bit la chn, dng lnh

\ding{m_k_t}. Xem trong tp tin Special Character - Pifont -
Wikibooks.png chn la cc m k t.

V d:
\usepackage{pifont}

\renewcommand{\labelitemi}{\ding{m_k_t}}

Ch thch vn bn

Dng lnh: <t mun ch thch>\footnote{ni dung ch thch}

To siu lin kt

Dng th vin url, v d:

\url{www.}

Dng th vin hyperref, cho php dng cm t thay th cho on a ch di

ngon, v d:

\href{www}{Cm t i din}
 Mc nh s c khung mu bao quanh on siu lin kt, ta c th thay i nh
dng siu lin kt bng th vin hyperref:

\usepackage{hyperref}
\hypersetup{danh_sch_tham_s, pdftex}

trong , danh_sch_tham_s c th c mt hoc nhiu tham s sau, mi tham s

cch nhau du phy

tham s Ghi ch
colorlinks= true nu khng mun c khung bao quanh
false th s c khung bao quanh
urlcolor= mu ca nhng siu lin kt n trang web, v
d red, green, blue, magenta,
linkcolor= mu ca nhng siu lin kt khc, v d red,
green, blue, magenta,

Trch dn nguyn vn

Trch dn nhng cu ngn

\begin{quote} \end{quote}

Trch dn on vn

\begin{quotation} \end{quotation}

Gi ng vn bn gc

Thng dng trnh by cc cu lnh, cc k t c bit trong vn bn:

\begin{verbatim} \end{verbatim}
hoc

\verb$...$ c th thay k t $ bng k t bt k

7.2 Bi tp mu
Tp tin lin quan: Paragraph.tex
Yu cu thc hnh

STT Thi gian Yu cu Gi

1 3 pht Thay i khong cch gin dng Dng th vin setspace
Canh l on vn bng cch dng Dng cch lnh \centering,
2 5 pht
lnh \raggedleft, \raggedright
3 Danh sch
3.1 5 pht To danh sch con cp 2 nh sau: \begin{enumerate}
 1. Hc son tho vn bn phi bit: \item
(a) Word, Writer, Docs \begin{enumerate}
(b) LaTeX \item
2. i hc th phi: \end{enumerate}
(a) Hc bi \end{enumerate}
(b) Lm bi
Dng cp lnh
Thay i cch nh s th t trong
\renewcommand
danh sch nh sau:
{\theenumi}
I/ Hc son tho vn bn cn bit:
{\Roman{enumi}/}
A: Word, Writer, Docs
3.2 7 pht \renewcommand
B: LaTeX
{\labelenumi}
II/ i hc th phi:
{\theenumi}
A: Hc bi
thay i danh sch cp 1.
B: Lm bi
Tng t cho cp 2.
4 3 pht Thm vo mt ch thch vn bn \footnote{}
5 Siu lin kt
i tn vn bn thay th trong cu
5.1 3 pht
lnh to siu lin kt bng \href
nh dng li cc siu lin kt:
khng c khung bao quanh
i mu siu lin kt n trang
\usepackage{hyperref}
5.2 5 pht web thnh mu
\hypersetup{}
i mu siu lin kt n phn
ch thch vn bn (footnote)
thnh mu xanh dng

8. nh dng bng biu

8.1 n tp l thuyt

To bng biu

\begin{tabular}[canh_chiu_dc]{nh_dng_}

canh_chiu_dc: canh theo chiu dc

b pha di ca
c chnh gia (mc nh)
t pha trn ca

nh_dng_: xc nh mt s c im cho bng biu

l canh u bn tri
c canh u chnh gia
 r canh u bn phi
| hoc || cnh ca bng biu dng n hoc i

Xc nh rng ca mt trong bng

Mc nh, rng ca ty thuc vo vn bn trong . Tuy nhin ta c th c nh

rng ca , khi , vn bn trong nu di hn chiu rng ca s t ng xung
dng. V d:

\begin{tabular} { | l | l | l | p{5cm} |}

To nhiu ct ging nhau

Ta c th to nhiu ct c nh dng ging nhau theo c php:

\begin{tabular} { *{s_lng_ct} {nh_dng_} }

Trn cc trn nhiu ct

\multicolumn {s_c} {canh_l} {ni dung}

V d:
\begin{tabular}{| c | c | c | c |}

\multicolumn {2} {| c |} {}

Trn cc trn nhiu dng

S dng th vin

\usepackage {multirow}
\multirow {s_ct} {*} {ni_dung}

C php lnh

\multirow{4}{*}{Defenders}

S dng phn mm h tr to bng

OpenOffice: http://calc2latex.sourceforge.net/
Microsoft Excel: http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/support/excel2latex/
Matlab: http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/4894-
matrix2latex

V d to bng bng MSExcel 2007:

 Chy tp tin Excel2LaTeX.xla
To bng bng Microsoft Excel
Chn bng mun chuyn i  Add-Ins  Convert table to LaTeX

Mt hp thoi s xut hin, c k v chn la cc thit lp cn thit  Chn

Browse nhp ng dn v tn tp tin lu, v d t tn l Sheet1.tex 
Cui cng bm nt Save to File.

Gi s ta mun nhp bng ny vo tp tin Test.tex (nm cng th mc vi tp

tin Sheet1.tex), trong tp tin Test.tex ta s thm lnh sau:
\input{Sheet1.tex}
Khi bin dch nu c li, nhp vo k t e v bm Enter d li v sa li.
V d nh MikTeX khng hiu lnh \bigsrut th ta xa n i ri bin dch li.
 Mt lu quan trng l nu khi to bng trong Excel c s dng ting Vit th
khi lu xung tp tin Sheet1.tex s b li. Cch khc phc l bm nt Copy to
the Clipboard  Sau to ra mt tp tin Sheet1.tex trng  Dn ni dung
trong clipboard vo (bm Ctrl V)  Cui cng lu li v s dng bnh
thng.

8.2 Bi tp mu
Cc tp tin lin quan: Table.tex, Excel2LaTeX.xla
Yu cu thc hnh

STT Thi Yu cu Gi
gian
To tp tin MyTable.tex, trong to bng bng LaTeX
v nh dng theo mu sau: Xem cc v
10 d mu trong
1
pht tp tin
Table.tex

Cng c
excel2latex
khi chuyn
To bng trn bng Excel v dng cng c excel2latex i pht sinh
15
2 chuyn i sang tp tin ExcelTable.tex, sau thm mt s li,
pht
bng ny vo tp tin MyTable.tex cn phi sa
li ri mi
thm vo
c.

9. Chn nh v v hnh
9.1 n tp l thuyt

Chn nh

\usepackage{graphicx}
\begin{figure}[h]

\includegraphics[thuctnh1=, thuctnh2=, ] {tn_tp_tin_nh}

\end{figure}
Thuc tnh = Gi tr Ch thch

width = xx Chiu rng nh = xx pt, in, mm,

 height = xx Chiu cao nh = xx pt, in, mm,
keepaspectratio = xx nu mun gi nguyn t l gia chiu
rng v chiu cao th thay xx bng
true, ngc li l false
scale = xx phng to, thu nh t l xx
angle = xx xoay trn 1 gc xx

V hnh

\usepackage{picture}
\begin{picture}
(0,0) %Xc nh im lm gc ta
\put(honh_, tung_){i_tng}

\end{picture}

9.2 Bi tp mu
Tp tin lin quan: Graphic.tex
Yu cu thc hnh

STT Thi gian Yu cu Gi

1 5 pht Ch thch nh cho nh 1 v nh 2 \caption
Canh cho tm Thay i to trong
im ngay con lnh \put{circle}
mo
2 3 pht

10. Ch thch, gn nhn v tham chiu cho

10.1 n tp l thuyt

Ch thch cho hnh nh

\begin{figure}

\caption [vn bn rt gn] { vn bn ch thch }
\label{}

 \end{figure}

Ch thch cho hnh nh, bng biu

\begin{table}

\caption [vn bn rt gn] { vn bn ch thch }
\label{}

\end{table}

To danh sch hnh nh

S dng lnh \listoffigures s to ra danh sch hnh nh trong ng thi to ra file

xxx.lof. Mi ln mun chnh sa li danh sch ny cn xa tp tin ny trc.

To danh sch bng biu

S dng lnh \listoftables s to ra danh sch hnh nh trong ng thi to ra file

xxx.lot. Mi ln mun chnh sa li danh sch ny cn xa tp tin ny trc.

Gn nhn

\label{nhn}

Qui c:

Khi gn nhn cho nh, nhn nn bt u bng figure: hoc hnh:

Gn nhn cho bng biu, nhn nn bt u bng table: hoc bng:
Gn nhn cho phng trnh ton hc: equation: hoc phngtrnh:
Gn nhn cho chng, mc, nn bt u bng chapter:.., section: hoc
chng:, phn:

To tham chiu cho ti cc nhn gn

\ref{nhn} : tham chiu n mt nhn

\pageref{nhn}: tham chiu n trang cha nhn

10.2 Bi tp mu
Tp tin lin quan: Figures_Labels.tex, Figures_ Labels.lof, Figures_ Labels.lot
Yu cu thc hnh

STT Thi gian Yu cu Gi

1 5 pht To danh sch hnh nh v bng biu \listoffigures
 \listoftables
B cc on ch thch rt gn trong du
2 5 pht [] ca lnh \caption v to li danh sch
hnh nh.
3 3 pht Thm phn tham chiu n mt nh \ref {figure:}
4 3 pht Thm phn tham chiu n mt trang \pageref{}
Thm phn tham chiu n mt chng,
5 3 pht \ref{section:}
mc

11. nh dng ch
11.1 n tp l thuyt

Mt vi nh dng c bn
(Xem thm trong bi tp mu)

Mt s k t c bit

11.2 Bi tp mu
 Tp tin lin quan: Format_Characters.tex
Yu cu thc hnh

STT Thi gian Yu cu Gi

Dng cc lnh trong
1 15 pht Thc hin li cc nh dng c bn phn Mt vi nh
dng c bn.

12. nh dng kiu ch

12.1 n tp l thuyt

Cc thng s c bn ca phng ch:

encoding: b k t c trong mt phng ch

family: phng ch
series: hnh dng ch, vd: m va, hp, m v tha
shape: hnh dng ch, vd: in nghin, in hoa
size: kch thc ch, thng tnh bng n v pt

chn thay i nh dng ch, ta cn thay i cc thng s sau:

Cu lnh Cc gi tr
\fontencoding { b_m_k_t }
\fontfamily { tn_phng_ch } cmr, cmss, cmtt, ptm, phv, pcr
\fontseries { hnh_dng_ch } b, m
\fontshape { hnh_dng_ch } up, sl, it, sc
\fontsize { c_ch } 12pt, 24pt,
\linespread { h_s_gin_dng } 1, 1.3, 1.6,

V d 1: Thay i kiu ch cho mt on vn bn bng lnh \selectfont

\fontfamily{pcr}
\fontseries{it}
\selectfont Ni dung on vn bn.

V d 2: Thay i phng ch mc nh cho ton b vn bn

\renewcommand {\rmdefault} {tn_phng_ch}

Mt s lnh nh dng kiu ch

Kiu ch Cu lnh
Hnh dng ch \textup{}, \textit{}, \textsl{}, \textsc{}
\upshape{}, \itshape{}, \slshape{}, \textsc{}
 Hnh dng ch \textmd{}, \textbf{}
\mdseries{}, bfseries{}
C ch \tiny, \scriptsize, \footnotesize, \small, \normalsize,
\large, \Large,\LARGE, \huge, \HUGE

B sung phng ch mi
T thc hin
Ln trang http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts tm phng ch v th vin
tng ng
Ti gi th vin tng ng v my
Ci t theo tp tin hng dn km theo
Dng chc nng Package Management ca LaTeX
Ln trang http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/ tm font ch va (hnh a, b),
trong c tn ca gi th vin h tr loi phng ch ny (hnh c), v d
\usepackage{emerald}.

(a) (b) (c)

Thm cu lnh \usepackage{emerald } vo trong tp tin LaTeX v s dng

bnh thng.
Nu trong my khng c sn th vin ny, mt thng bo s xut hin.

Nu my c kt ni Internet, chn Change  Connection Settings v chn

mt ngun no ci t gi th vin trc tip t Internet.
 12.2 Bi tp mu
Tp tin lin quan: Font_basic.tex
Yu cu thc hnh

STT Thi gian Yu cu Gi

Thm vo mt phng ch mi cha c sn
trong LaTeX. Sinh vin c th t
nh dng mt on vn theo yu cu: tm th vin v t
phng ch: mi va thm vo thm vo hoc dng
1 5 pht hnh dng ch: in m chc nng Package
hnh dng ch: in nghin Management ca
c ch: 17pt MikTeX nh
Lu : cc sinh vin phi chn phng ch hng dn.
khc nhau.

13. nh dng ton hc c bn

13.1 n tp l thuyt
\usepackage{amsmath}

Kiu Lnh y Lnh ngn gn

Text \begin{math}...\end{math} \(...\)
$...$
Displayed \begin{displaymath}...\end{displaymath} \[...\]
\begin{equation*}...\end{equation*}

V cc lnh nh dng, cc k hiu v cch g biu thc ton hc trong LaTeX, sinh vin
xem trong phn bi tp mu.

13.2 Bi tp mu
Tp tin lin quan: Math.tex
Yu cu thc hnh

STT Thi gian Yu cu Gi

1 5 pht nh dng biu th ton hc nh sau: