Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Design Document
Megan Anderson
Dr. Hodges
Summer 2016
Identification of Learning Problem:
My target audience will be my 5th grade Reading and English Language Arts students. I
typically am in charge of instructing Special Needs students and students with learning
understanding and implementation of figurative language. I identified the problem my first year
teaching English Language Arts. The way that I taught the subject to my students was through
mainly teacher instruction. I generally show a colorful PowerPoint presentation and play a few
games with them to increase their participation and interest. It seems that it is always the end of
the year before the students are ever comfortable enough to create their own figurative languages
and experiment with it through their writing. I feel like the subject could be taught more
performance problem with my students and the curriculum. When Unit Analysis are completed,
figurative language is always around 22%. As the year progresses, the percentage increases to
79%. There is an observed growth in the learning outcome, however the learning took almost
I also hope to design an instruction that will allow my students to grow faster, and
also more efficiently. My instructional design will be based off of a normative need, comparing
my students against the national standard that is expected of their level of learning. When
comparing to other schools and districts, my students score relatively higher than most.
However, I see a gap in between what they learn at the beginning of the year, and what they are
capable of learning with practice and effort. There are several discrepancies that I see in my
lower achieving students that I hope to better accommodate through my instructional design. My
students currently learn slowly and do not grasp the concept of figurative language easily. As the
year progresses, the students begin to slowly master the seven main forms of figurative language,
due to continuous practice and drilling. Ideally, I believe with the right instruction, the students
should be able to spend only a few weeks learning the different forms of figurative language
through visual, inquiry, and student-based instruction. After reading a novel, students will be
able to list examples of verbal figurative language and describe how the author uses it to enhance
their viewpoint.
Learner Analysis:
My target learners will be 5th grade Reading and English Language Arts learners,
typically aged between ten and eleven years of age. I will have both male and female students in
my three classes. I will be teaching two Inclusive block periods, 95 minute classes, consisting of
students with learning disabilities, special needs, and English Language Learners. My third block
period will consist of the gifted students, whom eight of the group participate in the Galaxy
program. I have a diverse group of learners, providing both opportunities and constrains on my
instructional design.
Typically, with my education experience I have realized that students with the ability to
learn easily show less interest or motivation to learn new material. However, the students who
have difficulty learning, due to disabilities or other components, tend to have more motivation to
learn. My students have prior experience with similes and metaphors from the 4th grade
to see most to be able to achieve my objectives are interested learners who can make real-world
Learners and African Americans. I realize that figurative language can be quite confusing for
learners who are using English as their second language; English is difficult enough to learn
without adding phrases and expressions. I also have two dyslexic students who will have
difficulty reading and writing the figurative language. I also will have fourteen students with
ADD/ADHD. I understand that while teaching the material, I may have to repeat or rephrase my
instruction to better capture their attention. My goal is to meet the needs of my students and help
them learn the different forms of figurative language through my module. The students should
also be able to determine how the author uses figurative language to enhance their own view
point.
Task Analysis:
I will be using a procedural analysis for my instructional design. Throughout the analysis
I will be identifying steps used to complete the figurative language task that will be detailed and
broken down completely. The majority of the tasks will also be observable throughout my study.
In my analysis, the reader will be able to understand what the learner must do, what the learner
needs to know before the task, and the cues needed to inform the learner about problems, correct
instructional design. I am highly qualified to be the SME for this design because I have taught
the content for four years now. I read novels to my students and together we interpret the types
of figurative language that are used, as well as how the figurative language aids the author in
certified to teach all subjects. Scheduling and ease of access of the SME for my design will be no
problem at all; I will just have to motivate myself to keep furthering my knowledge of the
content.
First, my students must learn the seven main forms of Figurative Language. To do so,
they must understand the definition of each; simile, metaphor, hyperbole, idiom, personification,
alliteration, and onomatopoeia. Secondly, the students must be able to recognize figurative
language when read or heard, and then students should be able to label what type of figurative
language it is. Lastly, students should be able to create and design their own types of figurative
language. The students may be as silly and unrealistic as they wish, due to the fact that figurative
language serves the purpose of explaining the authors own point of view.
Instructional Objectives:
1.) Students will be able to name the types of figurative language in a sentence or phrase.
2.) Students will be able to recognize and label figurative language when it is read or heard.
The first objective is classified as a cognitive domain. The students will learn the
different types of figurative language provided by an author. This level of learning, based on
Blooms Taxonomy, is the Knowledge level; focusing on the recall and naming of specific
information. The second objective for my design will also be classified as a cognitive domain.
The students will again be classified on the Knowledge level of Blooms Taxonomy, recalling
and experiencing intellectual activities. This level of learning is also on the Analysis level; the
students can be focusing on the breaking down of an idea or statement into parts and then
instruction progresses the students will be given three assessments; a ticket out the door in
Google Forms, an assessment in Google Forms, and lastly a comic strip design activity that will
be shared with the students via Google Classroom. The ticket out the door will simply be for my
own data to determine which students may need addition information or assistance due to a
misunderstanding with one or more of the figurative languages. The students are just required to
recall which figurative language the phrase is using (see Appendix A and B). Secondly, the
tiered activities to assess whether or not students can label figurative language appropriately and
give an explanation. Appendix C is an assessment that would be used for my lower Lexile
students; as I teach Inclusive classes including students with special needs. This is a knowledge
assessment, using mostly selected response and only one constructed response. Appendix D is an
assessment that I would use to challenge my higher Lexile students. This is an application
assessment where all but one question are constructed response, the last question being a selected
response. For the last assessment, students will make a comic design demonstrating their
knowledge of figurative language by designing a comic strip where the point of view is being
enhanced by the seven different forms of figurative language. Product Differentiation is being
used in this case due to the fact that students are allowed to create their own product assignments
as long as they adhere to the requirements of the tasks. The comic strip creation is a synthesis
assessment and authentic because the task determines whether or not students can apply their
Due to the fact that Google Forms does not allow the download of documents, I have created a
Word version of the assessments (Appendix A through Appendix D). The links to the Forms are:
For the first and second step of my instruction I will describe the differences between
each of the seven types of figurative language. I will display illustrated examples on the board of
the definition of each and several examples of each figurative language. The task is learning
related, drawing on the students prerequisite skills of point of view and the content difficulty
will be determined based on the learner analysis. Generally, the first two steps for instruction
will ask the students to recall information learned. According to our book, the students will
simply be learning facts that associate with another item, point of view. Figurative language is
also a concept that simplifies the sub content: similes, metaphors, hyperboles, idioms,
personification, alliterations, and onomatopoeia. The first two steps of instruction can also be
considered principle and rules due to the relationship observed between figurative language and
an authors point of view. The RULEG version is applied in the first two steps of instruction by
providing the statement of rule and then several examples. The first objective is met by allowing
the students to learn and establish an understanding of the seven types of figurative language.
The third and fourth step of instruction deals with whether or not the students can use
language is read. The students will then integrate what they know and describe in their own
words what type of figurative language the examples are and why. The fact prescription is used
again as the students recall prior information to determine the answer. The fifth step of
instruction is considered a principles and rules prescription because the students are relating the
concept of figurative language and point of view. The students actually apply what they know
about figurative language and analyze how this help the author express his/her point of view. The
second objective is met because students are able to label the figurative language and understand
Ticket Out the door is analyzed and student data shows those who need remediation and those
who need extensions, extra practice will take place. Following step two of instruction, some
students will be given extra practice to re-teach the content that was missed. Those students who
excelled on the assessment will be allowed to begin creating their own figurative languages. The
process of learning will also be differentiated due to the different tasks that they will complete.
Ticket out the Door Appendix A
Instructions: Determine which figurative language each phrase is. (Remember: simile,
metaphor, hyperbole, personification, onomatopoeia, alliteration, and idiom)
1.) The dog was like a rabbit hopping across the field full of rabbits.
a. Personification
b. Hyperbole
c. Simile
d. Metaphor
2.) In the book, the author stated that even the trees are listening.
a. Personification
b. Metaphor
c. Idiom
d. Simile
3.) My husband runs around like a chicken with his head cut off.
a. Onomatopoeia
b. Hyperbole
c. Personification
d. Idiom
4.) The cloud was a fluffy marshmallow in the sky.
a. Simile
b. Metaphor
c. Hyperbole
d. Alliteration
5.) Kaboom!
a. Idiom
b. Hyperbole
c. Onomatopoeia
d. Alliteration
6.) What type of figurative language is the following statement? Write your answer and
explain.
It was so hot outside that the trees were melting!
1.) Explain what type of figurative language this is. The dog was like a rabbit hopping across
the field full of birds.
2.) Explain what type of figurative language this is. In the book, the author stated that even
the trees are listening.
3.) Explain what type of figurative language this is. Hint: There may be more than one
option. My husband runs around like a chicken with his head cut off.
4.) Explain what type of figurative language this is. The cloud was a fluffy marshmallow in
the sky.
6.) What type of figurative language is the following statement? Write your answer and
explain. It was so hot outside that the trees were melting!
1.) The phrase is a simile because it uses the word like to compare a dog to a rabbit.
2.) The phrase is personification because it is giving trees a human characteristic; to listen.
3.) The phrase can be both an idiom and a simile. For the differentiated assignment, it should
be explained that the phrase is a simile because the man and chicken are compared using the
word like. It is also an idiom, an expression that means different than the original phrase.
For the original assignment, the answer selected should be idiom.
4.) The phrase is a metaphor because a marshmallow is being compared to a cloud, without
using the words like or as.
6.) The phrase is a hyperbole because it is an exaggeration; it will not get hot enough for
trees to actually melt.