Bng tra cu lnh c bn Unix/Linux
com
Cc lnh x l tp tin
ls lit k ni dung th mc hin ti
ls -al lit k c nh dng v c tp tin n
cd dir - chuyn t th mc hin ti sang dir
cd chuyn t th mc hin ti v th mc ring
pwd hin th mc hin ti
mkdir dir to th mc dir
rm file xa tp tin file
rm -r dir xa th mc dir
rm -f file p xa tp tin file
rm -rf dir p xa th mc dir *
cp file1 file2 chp tp tin file1 sang file2
cp -r dir1 dir2 chp th mc dir1 sang dir2;
to dir2 nu cha tn ti
mv file1 file2 i tn hoc di chuyn tp tin
file1 thnh file2; nu file2 l mt th mc c sn,
di chuyn file1 vo th mc file2
ln -s file link to lin kt biu tng link
n tp tin file
touch file to hoc cp nht tp tin file
cat > file Nhp t bn phm (u vo chun -
standard input) vo tp tin file mi
more file hin ni dung tp tin file
head file hin 10 dng u ca tp tin file
tail file hin 10 dng cui ca tp tin file
tail -f file hin ni dung ca tp tin file v
cp nht lin tc, khi u vi 10 dng cui
Qun l tin trnh
ps hin nhng tin trnh ang hot ng tch cc
top hin tt c cc tin trnh ang hot ng
kill pid p thot tin trnh c m pid
killall proc p thot cc tin trnh tn proc *
bg hin cc cng vic kt thc hoc ang
chy nn; tip tc mt cng vic tm ngng
fg ngng chy nn (chuyn sang foreground) vi
cng vic gn y nht
fg n ngng chy nn vi cng vic n
Quyn s dng tp tin
chmod octal file thay i quyn s dng ca
tp tin file thnh octal. Mi ch s ng vi tng ti
khon c c bng cch cng cc s sau:
4 c (r)
2 ghi (w)
1 thc thi (x)
V d:
chmod 777 tt c u c 3 quyn
chmod 755 rwx cho ngi s hu, rx cho nhm s
hu v cc ti khon khc
Xem man chmod bit thm chi tit.
SSH
ssh user@host kt ni n my host vi ti
khon user
ssh -p port user@host kt ni n my host
qua cng port vi ti khon user
ssh-copy-id user@host thm kha cng cng
ca ti khon user vo my host thit lp ng
nhp khng cn mt khu (ng nhp c kha)
Tm kim
grep pattern files tm mu lp pattern trong
cc tp tin files
grep -r pattern dir tm mu lp pattern trong
th mc dir v tt c cc th mc con (recursive)
command | grep pattern tm mu lp pattern
trong u ra ca lnh command
.
locate file tm tt c cc tp tin c tn file
Thng tin h thng
date hin ngy gi hin ti
cal hin lch thng ny
uptime hin thi gian t lc bt my
w hin nhng ngi ang ng nhp
whoami hin tn ti khon ca bn
finger user hin thng tin v ti khon user
uname -a hin thng tin v nhn HH
cat /proc/cpuinfo hin thng tin v CPU
cat /proc/meminfo hin thng tin v b nh
man command hin hng dn cho lnh command
df hin mc s dng a
du hin dung lng th mc
free hin dung lng b nh trng v lng b
nh tro i (swap) dng
whereis app hin ng dn ca ng dng app
which app cho bit lnh no s c chy mc
nh thay cho app
Nn
tar cf file.tar files to mt tp tar c tn
file.tar cha cc tp tin khc
tar xf file.tar gii phng cc tp tin t
file.tar
tar czf file.tar.gz files to mt tp tar c
nn bng Gzip
tar xzf file.tar.gz gii nn mt tp tar bng
Gzip
tar cjf file.tar.bz2 to mt tp tar c nn
bng Bzip2
tar xjf file.tar.bz2 gii nn mt tp tar bng
Bzip2
gzip file nn file v i tn thnh file.gz
gzip -d file.gz gii nn file.gz
Mng
ping host gi lnh ping n my host v hin
kt qu
whois domain kim tra thng tin whois ca tn
min domain
dig domain kim tra thng tin DNS ca tn min
domain
dig -x host tm ngc tn min ca my host
wget file ti tp tin file
wget -c file tip tc ti tp tin ang d
Ci t
Ci t t m ngun:
./configure
make
make install
dpkg -i pkg.deb ci gi phn mm (Debian)
rpm -Uvh pkg.rpm ci gi phn mm (RPM)
Phm tt
Ctrl+C dng hon ton lnh ang chy
Ctrl+Z tm dng lnh hin ti, tip tc chy nn
bng lnh bg hoc chy chnh vi lnh fg
Ctrl+D thot khi phin lm vic hin ti, ging
vi exit
Ctrl+W xa mt t trong dng hin ti
Ctrl+U xa c dng
Ctrl+R hin danh sch cc lnh gn y
!! - lp li lnh gn y nht
exit thot khi phin lm vic hin ti
*: phi cc k cn thn khi dng.
ND: Ng Trung <ndtrung4419@gmail.com>