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Drilling PDF
Drilling PDF
Vertical
drilling
g
Horizontal
drilling
STANDARD LAND-BASED ROTARY DRILLING RIG
Power section
Surface adjustable
g
bent housing
Steering is accomplished by
aligning the angle of the mud Illustration modified from Society of
Petroleum Engineers, 2007
motor to the desired direction
MEASUREMENT WHILE DRILLING (MWD)
MWD - a system that takes drilling-
related measurements downhole and
transmits data to the surface without
disturbing the drilling operations
Casing g is designed
g to protect
p
groundwater and coal seams from
drilling fluids and drill cuttings, and to
keep groundwater and rock fragments
out of the borehole.
CASING DESIGNS
Conductor prevents
soil and other materials
from entering the hole
Surface protects
groundwater aquifers
and coal seams from
invasion of gas
gas, drilling
fluids, and other
materials
Intermediate when
used,, provides
p
protection of the hole
against caving in weak
rock and allows the use
of drilling fluids of
different densities for
the control of lower rock
units
Wire-line or geophysical
logging performed after
drilling to determine the
physical and chemical
characteristics of the rocks
downhole. A set of sondes
consisting g of various kinds of SONDES
detection equipment is lowered
into the hole, then various
parameters are recorded by
computer as the sondes are
raised to the surface
fracturing or fracing*, is
Hydraulic fracturing, i the
th process off
forcing large amounts of water, sand, and chemicals
through perforations in the casing and cement and into the
rock formation to create breaks (fractures) in the brittle
rock
Fracing
g is not a new technology
gy it has been in
existence since the late 1940s, and has been used in
Pennsylvania since the 1950s to stimulate production in
wells that otherwise would not be commercially productive
Boswell, Ray, 1996, Play Uds: Upper Devonian black shales, in Roen, J. B. and Walker, B. J., eds., The Atlas of Major
Appalachian Gas Plays: West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, Publication V-25, 201 p.
Britannica Online Encyclopedia, 2011, Oil rig: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/426221/oil-rig (accessed
July 2011).
Chief Oil and Gas, 2008, Our drilling process: http://www.chiefog.com/drilling_process.htm (accessed May 2010)
Durham, L. S., 2007, Demonstration being monitored: Corralling CO2 a win-win for oil. American Association of
Petroleum Geologists, Explorer, v. 28, no. 7, p. 16, 18,
http://www.aapg.org/explorer/2007/07jul/carbon_sequestration.cfm (accessed May 2010).
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, 2008, Downhole logging tools: http://www-
odp tamu edu/publications/204 IR/chap 02/c2 f26 htm#1006268 (accessed January 2011)
odp.tamu.edu/publications/204_IR/chap_02/c2_f26.htm#1006268 2011).
Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2007, Western Siberia sees improvement in drilling efficiency: Journal of Petroleum
Technology (JPT) Online, http://www.spe.org/spe-site/spe/spe/jpt/2007/02/images/pub_content/TUf2.jpg
(accessed January 2011).
Wiley, Charles, Barree, Bob, Eberhard, Mike, and Lantz, Tom, 2004, Improved horizontal well stimulations in the
Bakken Formation,, Williston Basin,, Montana. Societyy of Petroleum Engineers,
g , SPE 90697,, 9 p.,
p,
http://discoverygeo.com/Papers/HZ%20Well%20Stimulations.pdf (accessed May 2010).