PDVSA

ENGINEERING DESIGN MANUAL

VOLUME 13I

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

PDVSA N TITLE

H223 PIPING AND PIPE BENDS

1 DEC. 98 GENERAL REVISION 4 Y.K. A.A. J.E.R.

0 MAY.89 FOR APPROVAL 5 J.S. J.G. A.O.

REV. DATE DESCRIPTION PAG. REV. APPD. APPD.

APPD.BY Alexis Arvalo DATE DEC. 98 APPD.BY J.E. Rojas DATE DEC. 98

E PDVSA, 1983 ESPECIALISTAS

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Index
1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 APPLICABLE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS . . 2
2.1 Petrleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.3 Pipe Fabrication Institute (PFI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3 REGULATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
5 BENDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5.1 Carbon Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5.2 Ferritic Alloy Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5.3 Chrome Nickel Austenitic Alloy Steel and NonFerrous Materials . . . . . . 4
6 HEAT TREATMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
7 INSPECTION AND TESTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
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1 SCOPE
This specification covers minimum requirements to be met for bending of pipes,
either hot or cold methods. Bending methods and processes shall be in
accordance with PFI Standard ES24.

2 APPLICABLE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS

Latest editions of the following specifications, codes and standards are integral
part of this specification, unless otherwise indicated in this document:

2.1 Petrleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA)

PI020504 Inspeccin de Soldaduras Circunsferenciales en Tuberas e
Instalaciones
PI020505 Inspeccin de Soldaduras Longitudinales en Instalaciones de
Produccin
PI020801 Pruebas Hidrostticas y Neumticas para Sistemas de Tuberas

2.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

B31.3 Process Piping
B31.4 Liquid Transportation Systems for Hydrocarbons, Liquid
Petroleum Gas, Anhydrous Ammonia and Alcohols
B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems

2.3 Pipe Fabrication Institute (PFI)

ES24 Pipe Bending Methods, Tolerances, Process and Material
Requirements.

3 REGULATIONS
Should there be any conflict between Venezuelan laws, standards and
regulations, this specification, ASME and PFI standards, the order of prevalences
shall be as follows:.
1. Venezuelan laws, standards and regulations
2. This specification
3. ASME B31.3.
4. PFI

4 GENERAL
4.1 All pipe material used for bending shall be new and undamaged.
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4.2 Excesive scratches, gouges and die marks from mandrel or dies of pipes bending
machines shall be cause of rejection if deemed necessary by Owners
representative. If pipe bends are rejected, cost of material and labor for bending
new section of pipe shall be done by bending contractor.

4.3 Bending to a radious less than five times the nominal dismeter of pipe will not be
permitted unless otherwise specified on the applicable Owners drawings.

4.4 When bends of less than five times the nominal diameter of pipe are required, a
description of the bending method shall be subjected to the review and approval
in writting of Owners representative.

5 BENDING
5.1 Carbon Steel
5.1.1 The use of gas torches and water during hot bending shall be subjeted to approval
of Owners representative
5.1.2 Yield and tensile strength properties throughout the bends shall meet or exceed
those specified by the appropiate API or ASTM grade of the furnished pipe.
5.1.3 Stress relief is required when the permanent strain everywhere in the bend is
equal or exceeds 2%.
5.1.4 Minimum Charpy VNotch impact energy of bent section shall meet or exceed the
minimum Charpy VNotch impact energy of the line pipe
5.1.5 Maximum hardness of bent section shall not exceed the maximum hardness
specified of the line pipe.
5.1.6 Hot forming temperature shall not exceed 982 C (1800 F). Bends for which the
final forming temperature is above 621 C (1150 F) do not require heat treatment
unless the permanent strain exceeds 2%. Bends for which the final forming
temperature is bellow 612 C (1150 F) shall be heat treated at a temperature
between 593 C and 680 C (1100 F to 1250 F) for one hour per inch of nominal
wall thickness, then cooled in still air.
5.1.7 The weld seam of longitudinal seam pipe shall be oriented no closer than
+/ 45 to the plane of the bend radious.
5.1.8 Hot bends in carbon steel pipes when intended for a services at temperature
below 7 C (19 F) shall be given full anneal heat treatment at 680 C (1250
F) in which the rate of cooling from the annealing temperature shall be slow
enough to produce a maximum hardness in the annealed pieces of 180 Brinnell.
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5.2 Ferritic Alloy Steel

5.2.1 When cold bending method is used, stress relieving at 680 C (1250 F) to a
maximum of 730 C (1350 F) is required if the elongation of outer fibers of bending
section exceeds 15%.
5.2.2 The use of gas torches or water at any time during bending is prohibited.
5.2.3 For hot bending, the portion of pipe shall be heated uniformly, preferably in a
furnace, to a working temperature range of 680 C to 730 C (1250 F to 1350
F), but bellow 745 C (1375 F).
5.2.4 For extreme deformation, the portion of pipe to be hot bent shall be heated
uniformly, preferably in a furnace, to a working temperature of 1065 C to 1180
C (1950 F to 2150 F) with an annealing heat treatment to a maximum of 860
C (1580 F).
5.2.5 Hot bends in ferritic alloy steel pipes when intended for a services at temperature
below 7 C (19 F) shall be given full anneal heat treatment at 680C (1250 F)
in which the rate of cooling from the annealing temperature shall be slow enough
to produce a maximum hardness in the annealed pieces of 180 Brinnell
5.3 Chrome Nickel Austenitic Alloy Steel and NonFerrous Materials
5.3.1 Bends shall be made by cold methods.
5.3.2 The application of heat in any form bending these alloys is not permitted without
Owners representative approval.

6 HEAT TREATMENT
6.1 When required, stress relief by heat treatment shall be in accordance with ASME
Code B31.3 for all pipes, unless otherwise indicated in this specification.

6.2 Stress relief for welds and bends in caustic service:

a. All stress relieving shall be done after pipe is finished welding and/or
bending.
b. Welds and bends shall be heated to a temperature of 593 C and held there
for one hour.
c. Welds and bends should then be cooled in still air.

7 INSPECTION AND TESTING

7.1 At Owners representative option, bending contractor shall form a limited number
of bends from which tests samples can be taken prior to start any production runs
in order to confirm compliance of the forming techniques with the requirements of
this specificaction.