BRUEL, Therese Justine A.

1C

EXPERIMENT 04: Identification of an 14 September 2017

Unknown through Qualitative Analysis

OBJECTIVES.

REAGENTS.

IUPAC NAME AND PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL SAFETY

STRUCTURE PROPERTIES PRECAUTIONS
Appearance: Clear, colorless Vapors irritate eyes
liquid and upper respiratory
tract; cause dizziness,
Solubility: less than 1 mg/ml at headache, anesthesia,
64 respiratory arrest.
toluene deg F; in water, 526 mg/L at 25 Liquid irritates eyes
deg C and causes drying of
skin. If aspirated,
Boiling Pt.: 231.1 deg F at 760 causes coughing,
mm Hg; 110.6 deg C gagging, distress, and
rapidly developing
Melting Pt.: -139 deg F; -94.9 deg pulmonary edema. If
C ingested causes
vomiting, griping,
Molecular Weight: 92.141 g.mol diarrhea, depressed
respiration. (USCG,
1999)
Appearance: Clear, colorless Dizziness, with
liquid nausea and vomiting.
Concentrated vapor
Solubility: less than 1 mg/mL at may cause
63 deg F; in water, 55 mg/L at unconsciousness and
cyclohexane 25 deg C collapse. (USCG,
1999)
Boiling Pt: 177.3 deg F at 760
mm
Hg; 80.7 deg C at 760 mm Hg

Melting Pt: 43.7 deg F; 6.47 deg

C

Molecular Weight: 84.162 g/mol

Appearance: Colorless, oily liquid - Vapor is narcotic in

t-butanol
action and irritating
 Solubility: to respiratory
passages. Liquid is
Boiling Pt: 180 deg F at 760 mm irritating to skin and
Hg; 82.3 deg C eyes. (USCG, 1999)

Melting Pt: 77.9 deg F; 25.81 deg - Vapour/air

C mixtures are
explosive. Heating
Molecular Weight: 74.123 g/mol will cause rise in
pressure with risk of
bursting
Appearance: Clear, colorless - Inhalation or
liquid contact with material
may irritate or burn
Solubility: greater than or equal skin and eyes. Fire
to 100 mg/mL at 73 deg F; in may produce
water, 1000000 mg/L at 25 deg irritating, corrosive
C and/or toxic gases.
Vapors may cause
Boiling Pt: 173.3 deg F t 760 mm dizziness or
Hg; 78.2 deg C suffocation. Runoff
from fire control
Melting Pt: -173.4 deg F; -114.1 may cause pollution.
deg C (ERG, 2016)

Molecular Weight: 46.069 g/ml - VAPOR: Irritating

to eyes, nose and
throat. LIQUID:
ethanol
Not harmful.
(USCG, 1999)

- Symptoms of
exposure to this
compound may
include irritation.
Ingestion may result
in mucous
membrane irritation.
Eye contact may
cause immediate pain
and conjunctival
hyperemia, but no
serious injury.
ACUTE/CHRONIC
HAZARDS: This
compound may
cause local irritation.
It may also cause
mucous membrane
irritation. When
heated to
 decomposition it
emits acrid smoke
and fumes. (NTP,
1992)
Appearance: Clear, colorless INHALATION:
liquid vapor irritating to
eyes and mucous
Solubility: greater than or equal membranes; acts as
to 100 mg/mL at 72 deg F; 1000 an anesthetic in very
mg/mL at 25 deg C high concentrations.
INGESTION: low
Boiling Pt: 133 deg F at 760 mm order of toxicity but
Hg; 56.08 deg C very irritating to
mucous membranes.
Melting Pt: -137 deg F; -94.9 deg SKIN: prolonged
C excessive contact
causes defatting of
Molecular Weight: 58.08 g/mol the skin, possibly
leading to dermatitis
(USCG, 1999)

HIGHLY
FLAMMABLE: Will
be easily ignited by
heat, sparks or
acetone
flames. Vapors may
form explosive
mixtures with air.
Vapors may travel to
source of ignition
and flash back. Most
vapors are heavier
than air. They will
spread along ground
and collect in low or
confined areas
(sewers, basements,
tanks). Vapor
explosion hazard
indoors, outdoors or
in sewers. Those
substances
designated with a (P)
may polymerize
explosively when
heated or involved in
a fire. Runoff to
sewer may create fire
or explosion hazard.
Containers may
explode when

Appearance: Clear, colorless
liquid
Solubility: 50 to 100 mg/mL at
70 deg F; in water, 80 mg/mL at
25 deg C
Boiling Pt: 171 deg F at 760 mm
Hg; 77.1 deg C
Melting Pt: -118.5 deg F; -83.8
deg C
Molecular Weight: 88.106 g/mol
ethyl acetate
Appearance: Clear, colorless to
benzaldehyde yellow liquid
Solubility: less than 0.1 mg/mL
at 67.1 deg F; in water, 6950
mg/L at 25 deg C
heated. Many liquids
are lighter than
water. (ERG, 2016)
HIGHLY
FLAMMABLE: Will
be easily ignited by
heat, sparks or
flames. Vapors may
form explosive
mixtures with air.
Vapors may travel to
source of ignition
and flash back. Most
vapors are heavier
than air. They will
spread along ground
and collect in low or
confined areas
(sewers, basements,
tanks). Vapor
explosion hazard
indoors, outdoors or
in sewers. Those
substances
designated with a (P)
may polymerize
explosively when
heated or involved in
a fire. Runoff to
sewer may create fire
or explosion hazard.
Containers may
explode when
heated. Many liquids
are lighter than
water. (ERG, 2016)
- Vapour/air
mixtures are
explosive. Heating
will cause rise in
pressure with risk of
bursting.
HIGHLY
FLAMMABLE: Will
be easily ignited by
heat, sparks or
flames. Vapors may
form explosive
mixtures with air.
Vapors may travel to
 Boiling Pt: 354 deg F at 760 mm source of ignition
Hg; 178.7 deg C and flash back. Most
vapors are heavier
Melting Pt: -15 deg F; -57.12 deg than air. They will
C spread along ground
Molecular Weight: 106.124 and collect in low or
g/mol confined areas
(sewers, basements,
tanks). Vapor
explosion hazard
indoors, outdoors or
in sewers. Those
substances
designated with a (P)
may polymerize
explosively when
heated or involved in
a fire. Runoff to
sewer may create fire
or explosion hazard.
Containers may
explode when
heated. Many liquids
are lighter than
water. (ERG, 2016)
Appearance: Colorless or white -Concentrated
crystalline solid, becomes black solutions will
on exposure to light produce irritation,
ulceration, and
Solubility: greater than or equal discoloration of the
to 100 mg/mL at 61 deg F; 122 skin; also causes
G SOL in 100 CC Water severe irritation of
the eyes. Ingestion
Boiling Pt: 824 deg F at 760 mm will produce violent
Hg; 440 deg C abdominal pain and
other gastroenteric
Melting Pt: 414 deg F; 212 deg C symptoms. (USCG,
silver nitrate 1999)
Molecular Weight: 169.872
g/mol - Behavior in Fire:
Increases
flammability of
combustibles.
(USCG, 1999)

- Not combustible
but enhances
combustion of other
substances. Gives off
irritating or toxic

Appearance: Pale yellow to
reddish brown liquid
Solubility: in water, at 20 deg C
Boiling Pt: 181 deg F at 760 mm
Hg; 83 deg C/ 121 deg C
Melting Pt: -44 deg F; -41.6 deg
C corrosive or
Molecular Weight: 63.012 g/mol
nitric acid
Appearance: Purplish colored
crystalline solid
Solubility: 25g/100 at 65 deg C
Boiling Pt:
Melting Pt: greater than 464 deg
F 1999)
fumes (or gases) in a
fire.
TOXIC; inhalation,
ingestion or contact
(skin, eyes) with
vapors, dusts or
substance may cause
severe injury, burns
or death. Reaction
with water or moist
air may release toxic,
flammable gases.
Reaction with water
may generate much
heat that will increase
the concentration of
fumes in the air. Fire
will produce
irritating, corrosive
and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire
control or dilution
water may be
corrosive and/or
toxic and cause
pollution (ERG,
2016)
-Burns and stains the
skin dark brown. If
ingested will cause
severe distress of
gastro-intestinal
system. May be fatal
if over 4 oz. are
consumed (USCG,

Molecular Weight: 158.032 -Behavior in Fire:

potassium permanganate g/mol May cause fire on
contact with
combustibles.
Containers may
explode. (USCG,
1999)

-Risk of fire and

explosion on contact
with combustible
substances or
reducing agents.
 Appearance: Colorless to turbid
Solubility:
Boiling Pt:
lucas reagent
Melting Pt:
Molecular Weight:

Appearance: Dark purplish-red -A powerful irritant

crystals of skin, eyes, &
Solubility: in water, 169g/100g at mucous membranes.
25 deg C; in water, 1854 g/L at
20 deg C -Can cause a
dermatitis,
Boiling Pt: decomposes at about bronchoasthma,
chromic acid
250 deg C "chrome holes",
damage to the eyes.
Melting Pt: 196 deg C

Molecular Weight: 118.008

g/mol

Appearance: Colorless to light TOXIC; inhalation,

brown aqueous solution ingestion or skin
contact with material
Solubility: in cold water, may cause severe
74.4g/100cc at 0 deg C; in hot injury or death.
water, 535.7 g/100cc at 100 deg Contact with molten
C; in acetone, 63 g/100cc at 18 substance may cause
deg C severe burns to skin
Boiling Pt: ~316 deg C; 288 deg and eyes. Avoid any
F skin contact. Effects
of contact or
iron (III) chloride
Melting Pt: 304 deg C inhalation may be
delayed. Fire may
Molecular Weight: 162.195 produce irritating,
g/mol corrosive and/or
toxic gases. Runoff
from fire control or
dilution water may
be corrosive and/or
toxic and cause
pollution. (ERG,
2016)
Appearance: Bright yellow or Exposure Routes:
yellow powder/crystals inhalation, skin
absorption,
Solubility: less than 1 mg/mL at ingestion, skin
iodoform 75 deg F; 13.6g/100ml ether at and/or eye contact
25 deg C; 7.8g/100ml ethanol at Symptoms: Irritation
25 deg C; in water, 100mg/L at eyes, skin; lassitude
room temp. (weakness,
exhaustion),
 Boiling Pt: 424 deg F at 760 mm
Hg; 218 deg C
Melting Pt: 248 deg F; 119 deg C
Molecular Weight: 393.732
g/mol
Appearance: Red or orange
powder
Solubility: slightly soluble in
water
dizziness, nausea,
incoordination,
central nervous
system depression;
dyspnea (breathing
difficulty); liver,
kidney, heart
damage; visual
disturbance Target
Organs: Eyes, skin,
respiratory system,
liver, kidneys, heart
(NIOSH, 2016)
Flammable solids
Harmful if swallowed
Causes serious eye
irritation

Boiling Pt:
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
Melting Pt: 198 to 202 deg C;
388 to 296 deg F; 471 to 475 K

Molecular Weight: 198.138

g/mol

Appearance: Colorless, basic,

aqueous solution

Solubility
tollens reagent
Boiling Pt:
Melting Pt:
Molecular Weight:

Appearance: Colorless liquid; Strong corrosive

white solid action on contacted
tissues.
Solubility: 111%; 1g dissolves in INHALATION:
7.2 mL absolute alcohol; in dust may cause
water, 1g/100mL at 20 deg C damage to upper
respiratory tract and
Boiling Pt: < 266 deg F at 760 lung itself, producing
sodium hydroxide
mm Hg; 1388 deg C; 2534 deg F from mild nose
irritation to
Melting Pt: 604 deg F; 323 deg C pneumonitis.
INGESTION:
Molecular Weight: 39.997 g/mol severe damage to
mucous membranes;
severe scar formation
or perforation may
 occur. EYE
CONTACT:
produces severe
damage. (USCG,
1999)

SOURCES:

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1140#section=Clinical-Laboratory-
Methods

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/8078

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6386

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/702

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/180

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/8857

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/240

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/24470

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/944

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/516875

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/24425

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/24380

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6374

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3772977

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/14798

PROCEDURE.

DATA AND OBSERVATIONS.

Table n. Results from the experiment.

SAMPLE USED SOLUTION USED POSITIVE REACTION?

Table n. Noted observations during the experiment.

SAMPLE USED SOLUTION USED OBSERVATIONS ON

CHARACTERISTICS