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Rorty, Richard. Contingency, Irur4t, and Solidaity. Cambridge. 1984.
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Litemry vol.9, l-2, 1987,PP. 106-118

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Mignolo, Walter D. The Darker Side of the Renaissance: Literacy,


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Bulliet, Richard. 'fhe Pmrician.t of Nishapur: A stucly in Meclievol lsla.tnic
Sociol History. Cambridge. 1977.

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1988. Foucault, Michel. The Archeologt of lhowleclge. 'I.r. by A,M.
Sheridan Smith. N.Y. 1972.
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Islamic Social History, Cambridge. 1977.
crslra: tr;i.tl- c"o:;,* b:r s, oL<- fl*+l gj; c:i* q|)et .F
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Nicholson. Reynold, The Mystics of Islam, Lonrlon, 1989.

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Goldziher. lgnaz, Introduction to Isla,rnic Theologt, Tr.by Andras and
Ruth Hannor.
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Brown, Norman, Apocalpse and/or Metamorphosis, Berekeley, 1991, pp'
1 82-85.
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Toulmin, Stephen, Cosmopolis: The Hidden Agerda of Modernity,N'Y',
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Elias, Norbert, The History of Martlers, Vol'l, Tr. by E' Jephcott, N'Y',
r978.
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Artz, Frcderich B, The Mind of the Middte Ages: An Histoica Suney:
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A.D. 200-1500, Chicago, 1980, pp. 4?2-36.


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l,rrj'.:S;I )t r"i{ i/_l sal,,i is\t, --e Ol;;* ;it ) &-r 4^rl, .A
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Reinhart Koselleck, Futures Past: On the Sernartics of Historical Time,Tr.
by Keith Tribe, Cambridge, 1985.
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Ernst Cassirer, The Philosophy of the Erilighterunent,Tr. by C.A Koelln


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28. Lucien Goldmann, The Philosophy of the Enlightertnent: The Burgess
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Lukas. G., Theory of the Novel, Lonclon, 1975; and Kundera. Milan.
Theoty o.f the Novel, N.Y. 19B8.
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Rorty, Richard, Contingency, Irony and Solidariry, N.Y. 1989; and
Koselleck, Rein Hart, Citique and Cisis: Enlightenment. and: The

Pathogenesis of Modern Sociery, Cambridge, 1988.


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Wert, 1960-1990. Ph.D. Dissertation. American University. 1990.
pp.130-140.
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Blunrenburg, Hans. I'he Legitemacl, of the Modern Age. Tr. by A.
Wallace. N.Y. 1989.
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vol.XXVII, No. 2. Feb. 1939.p.70.
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Shadman, S.F. "Ilclucation In Iran, ,'The Asiatic Review. ian. 1937,
vol.XXXIII, No. 113, pp. 765-173.
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Shestov, Leo- Dostoyevslq, Tolstoy And Nietzsche. ^tr. by Beman Martin
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Beard, Michael Hedayat's Blind Owl As A Western Novel Princeton,
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Eco Umberto. Six Wltlky in 'lVrc Fictknal'Il'oods. Harvard University
Press, Cambridge. 199.1, p.75.

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7. Jung, Emma. On the Nature Of The Animus. Tr. by Carry F. Baynes,
C.G. Jung Library, San Francisco, 1991.
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.ei.; ,f ly c:s: )l 6?s, vK -t) olid r-, ,:- c."* ) ,t-Ed-f
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,Gb;n 6/; c561sb*lt ,K-t : ir ,kt'o;L;: ;L:;;: &- qrt .\ '
.tS.)
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:.t5.; cl-l;-L
Hegel, G.W.F- Philosophy Of History- Tr- by Sibree P.F. Collier- Newyork,
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:.6.; ro;L;,,-l ,\$ ji a\h; C- cst: 't O

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:.e.{.; t,uilert }a )t -3-' i-lss olt
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Ed. by John King. Noonday Press, New York, 1967, pp i30-140.
y c>j,:,S 59> ;"v I I .r,-r:lr d8r.-',, ) a9rs ;))) t:* 6ly '\'t
:.e-{.; qslf--: s 4-lg 'Srl, C* cs-r{ts ,;!*g-*tt +l'l ,J-i" c;;87
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:1 .5.-, coL qrrL - tS-l S rJlit- )j,-l ,:.ij'o;L;:,rilx;;: d'a 6ly '\ V
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York, 1987.

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Panthcon Books. Ncw York. 19-50, P. 184.
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:.t:f.; rgl;,-:t-; ;L, -9 j:L "o;L;: i* 611


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Bishop, John. Joyce's Bctok Of the Dark University of Wisconsin press,
Madison, 1986, pp 4-41.
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furrietl reprxe[ul.
'I'he single Ro.se
l\r,-\ 1> 6p,2J".- J )-r>i i Yl,

Is notv tlre Garden


Wlrcre o.ll. loves end
'l- ernt in a.t e t otnl e nl
O.f love unsati.sJied
The g'eater tofinent
Of lot,e satis.tied

End of the endles.t

loumey to no end
Conclusion of all that
ls inconclusible
Speech without word and
Word of no speech
Grace to tlrc Mother
F'or the Garden
Where all love ends.
:*..,5.t tYf tl"6;y' A1L
Eliot, T.s. Collected poetns: 19U)-1935.
New York, 1967, P.62.
:.ct.J ')\i, igl:rr c+5 )5 oi)3 yL,";l 7;L.;: tt"at crt 'Y A
"'1
Arendt, Hannah. Essays in (Jnderstonding: 1930-1954' Ed' by Jerome
Kohn, Harcourt Brace and Company, New York, 1944 pp 1-50
lJ u.!-tA4-l-J s t:Sct o;l3l +-i,3;rla, r,r,T Ja" tt *:-t^d;= -t> i:2|*":L.
.)_iJ.
:.6.1 1: ,SM ,oi e* stt .Y 1
Lukacs, Gregory. History And Class consciousness' Tr' by Rodney
Livingston, Cambridge, 1971.
:.e5.2 c6,r;,1 fa : ;:\-, i a)) ), 6rF\V. ;\; J'.;' e-= cstr 'f '
Blumenberg, Hans. Work On Myth. Tr. by Robert M' Wallace, MIT
Press. Cambridge, 1990,
:.(t., (dl= L-l^;3;r1 i* cs!.Y \
Jakobson. I{oman. "'fhe Don'rinant" in Readings in' Rrt's|;ian I'oetics' F'd'
by Mateika aucl Pomorska. MiT Press, Camtrridge, 1971' pp 82-87'
YtV / .,.T E" .rr)" 5;.fr-u J si)l ).Itu'

4tit3;2, ta.*:-(, gt s rsf65 ). :t e] !F r!-l 6tJ .y y


- tt ;L
:.6.r,6!"-
Ilillmirn, Jantes. 77re lllue lrh'e. Ed. by Thomas Moore. Ilarper Perennial.
New York. 1987, pp 150-160.
Af ,.r rt-,1Ls.Yl.\
:.ef.; cb6:- )t et &.A e- cst.f F
"i.a;
A Layman's compendiunr Oi The Healing Stones: A guide To Their
Metaphysicat And Holistic Uses. Earth's 'Ireasures, Palo Alto, 1993.

i:
Chitooras, Jeff. Gnosis: A Journal O.f The Welitern Inner Tradition. No. 2
(Sp. 1e93), pp 36-40.
:.tS.1r,o'T cy" \ tsT Jy -t fE e.? 6lJ .f A
Jung, Emma and Marie-Louise Von Franz. The Grail Legend.
Tr. by Andrea Dykes. Sigo Press, 1920 P 16-5.

:.c5.1 co,.T e(- *;;U.-- cst.f '1

Budge, E.A. Amulet,y And Superstition. Dover, New York, 1978, pp 86-87
ard 323-325.
:.e5.1 cg.T G...- -r) igl-B &- cSlJ .f V
Starhawk, The Spiral Dance: A Rebith Of fhe Ancient Religion Of the
Great Goddess. Harper, San Francisco, 1,987, P. 42.
.A1 .qgLa ,fJl9.t5.; c,r:."a,1:L fl. C-1 6r.f A
"f .FdL^ ,'K .e9., ith* ;, I e.*,1 G! .f C
f-/ t d LLil -6 -r"E t- J,
"-
:.t5..1 c7 j,4* S-l
Neuman, Erich. The Great Mother. Tr. by Ralph Manheim, Princeton
University Press, Princeton, 1991.
rFska.f .
.Y. Y-A o',
.Y 1 1 6FJL-a c)y-f .6.-t c6J,3l.tl oKrt..K re"- cs! .f t
""a
:.d.f.2 rx.r,I c4;-,, ,; Lsly .f Y

Yeats, W.B. "Lapus Lazuli," Collected Poems. New York, 1973.


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Kundera, Milan, Prague: A Disappearing Poem. Crama. No.l/.1980. p.89.

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Sheldon Wolin, Polilics and Vision, Boston, 1960. pp. 34-51.
:.6.6 **) ;r,-l st 6$c fe cr!
- Hardy,
Isaiah Berlin, The Crookecl Timber of Humanity, ed. by FIenry
New York. l99l pp. I--1S.
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:.ef .; ..u 7-b *" cy" )l *) al _r: c"n ii_-rg{- .\ .

Karl Popper, T'he Open Society antl Its Enemy, Vol. tr, Nerv York, 1979.
:t.e.f .O.t t
L.eo Strauss, The Ciry and Man, Chicago. 1978, pp. i-13,
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Richard Rorty, Contingency, Irony and Solidari4t, New York, 1980, pp.
3-96.
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James Madison. "Federalist Paper 10," Federalit l,apers, New York, 1948.

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Aristotle, The Athenian Constitution, tr. by R. J.Rhodes, New York. 1986.
pp.9-372.
srtls J5r

tugira aiifs
oti6J!, tr
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4rliJ.o ail.r.
calmard, Jean, (tLd.) Etudes suJavides. Insritut ljrancais
de Itecherche e,
Iran Paris--fehran. 1993,pp.3u3
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Melville, Charles.(Ect.)Safavid persia: The l.{i.ttot1- arul pttliric,t
o.f an
Islamic society.r.B. 'r'auris & co. publishctl in Associarion
with the
centre of Miclcile E.stern studies of thc tlniversityr of cambricige.
London. 1996, pp.4}6

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YAILI Y1
tacuil.u!
:.6; r1,Jl.ff rl ,silYrl .;*, JU; &- 6;ly ' \
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;> dJ-n (JL*;|JI u-;l9T 9 (AAt-Af A r\YVf ;il-.
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Ammanat, Abbas. Pivot of the [Jniverse: Nasir al-Din Shah qajar and
the Question of lranian Monarchy 1851-1896. University of california
Press and Mage Publishers, Washington D.C. 1997-536 pages
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P.121.

:.et: .:! ,i:7 i;12: ;Ll .gt!T VlScr! .Y


Anranat, Abbas. Resurection and Renewol: I-he Making of the Babi
movement in lran, 1844-1B50. Ithaca, 1989.
;.tS.s tor;4lii n-tl 6$T ] 'l:{ Lafg;tAai.; )l 6lrj3^;6ls..f
"Rcsurrection and Renewal," inAmericsn Historical Review. Fall 91, Vol.
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