26

Clustering Case Study:

Forest Cover Types

1
26 Forest Cover Types

Label Name
0 Krummholz
1 Spruce/Fir
2 Lodgepole Pine
3 Ponderosa Pine
4 Cottonwood/Willow
5 Aspen
6 Douglas-fir

2
26 Independent Variables
Variable Number Description Units

1 Elevation in meters meters

2 Aspect in degrees azimuth azimuth
3 Slope in degrees degrees
4 Horz Dist to nearest surface water meters
5 Vert Dist to nearest surface water meters
6 Horz Dist to nearest roadway meters
7 Hillshade index at 9am, summer solstice 0 to 255 index
8 Hillshade index at noon, summer solstice 0 to 255 index
9 Hillshade index at 3pm, summer solstice 0 to 255 index
10 Horz Dist to nearest wildfire ignition meters
points

3
26 Scatter Plots (Variables 7, 8, 9)
7
8000 1 1

6000 0.5 0.5

4000 0 0

9
2000 0.5 0.5

0 1 1
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1
7 7
8
8000 1

6000 0.5

4000 0

9
2000 0.5

0 1
1 0 1 1 0 1
8
9
6000

4000

2000

0
1 0 1

4
26 SOM Network Architecture

Hexagonal Feature Map

Inputs Competitive Layer

W
150 x 10
p n a
10 x 1
||dist||
150 x 1
C 150 x 1

10 150
ni = ||iw-p||
a = compet(n)
15 x 10

5
26 Batch SOM Algorithm

i w ( q ) = i w ( q 1) + hi* ,i ( p ( q ) i w ( q 1))

i N i* ( d )

hi* ,i =
0 i N i* ( d )

h ( ) p (q)
i* q ,i

i w(k) =
q=1
Q

h ( ) i* q ,i
q=1

6
26 U-Matrix (Neuron Distances)

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

7
26 Labeled SOM

2 2 1 1 1 1 6 6 6 3

2 0 1 0 1 5 6 6 6 3

2 0 1 1 0 1 5 6 6 4

0 0 1 1 0 5 5 3 3 4

2 2 0 1 0 2 5 3 3 4

2 0 0 0 0 5 5 3 3 4

2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5 3 4

2 2 1 0 1 0 5 5 3 4

2 2 1 0 0 0 5 5 3 4

2 2 1 0 0 0 5 5 4 4

2 2 0 0 0 0 2 5 4 4

2 2 0 0 0 1 5 6 4 4

2 2 2 0 1 0 1 5 6 4

1 2 2 1 0 2 2 5 6 4

2 2 2 2 0 0 1 5 5 5

8
26 Hit Histogram

Darkest Type 0
Lightest Type 6

9
26 Component Planes

1 2 3 4
0.4
0.5 0.2
0
0 0.4 0.6
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8

5 6 7 8
0.5
0.4 0.8 0.8

0.45 0 0.6
0.4
0.5 0.5 0.4

9 10
0.4 0.5

0 0
0.5
0.4

10