TypesofElectricMotors

ElectricMotors

DCMotors ACMotors OtherMotors

Shuntmotor
h
Steppermotor
Induction
SeparatelyExcited
motor Brushless DC motor
BrushlessDCmotor
motor

SeriesMotor
Hysteresismotor
Synchronous
PermanentMagnet motor
DC(PMDC) Reluctancemotor

Compoundedmotor Universalmotor
 DCMotors
1.ShuntDCmotor:Therotorandstatorwindingsareconnectedinparallel.
2.Sparately Excitedmotor:Therotorandstatorareeachconnectedfromadifferentpower
supply,thisgivesanotherdegreeoffreedomforcontrollingthemotorovertheshunt.
3.Seriesmotor:thestatorandrotorwindingsareconnectedinseries.Thusthetorqueis
proportionaltoI2 soitgivesthehighesttorquepercurrentratiooverallotherdcmotors.
Itisthereforeusedinstartermotorsofcarsandelevatormotors(p.563Chapman,4e,
2005 McGrow Hill).
2005McGrow Hill)
4.PermanentMagnet(PMDC)motors:Thestatorisapermanentmagnet,sothemotoris
smallerinsize.
Disadv: only used for low torque applications
Disadv:onlyusedforlowtorqueapplications

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushed_DC_electric_motor
 DCMotors
5.Compouned motor:thestatorisconnectedtotherotorthroughacompound
ofshuntandserieswindings,iftheshuntandserieswindingsadduptogether,
themotoriscalledcomulatively compounded.Iftheysubtractfromeach
other,thenadifferentiallycompoundedmotorresults,whichisunsuitablefor
anyapplication.

A:shunt
B:series
C: compound
C:compound
f=field(stator)coil
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor
 Disadvantages of DC motors
DisadvantagesofDCmotors
1. Brushwear:Sincetheyneedbrushestoconnecttherotor
winding.Brushwearoccurs,anditincreasesdramatically
inlowpressureenvironmet.Sotheycannotbeusedin
artificialhearts. Ifusedonaircraft,thebrusheswould
needreplacementafteronehourofoperation.
d l t ft h f ti
2. Sparksfromthebrushesmaycauseexplosionifthe
environmentcontainsexplosivematerials.
3. RFnoisefromthebrushesmayinterferewithnearbyt.v.
sets,orelectronicdevices,..etc

Ref.Chapmanp.674675
 ACMachines
InductionMotor:Socalledbecausevoltageisinducedin
therotor(thusnoneedforbrushes),butforthistohappen,
the rotor must rotate at a lower speed than the magnetic
therotormustrotateatalowerspeedthanthemagnetic
fieldtoallowfortheexistance ofaninducedvoltage.
Thereforeanewtermisneededtodescribetheinduction
motor: the slip.
motor:theslip.
SynchronousMotor:Socalledbecauserotortriestolineup
withtherotatingmagneticfieldinthestator.Ithasthe
stator of an induction motor, and the rotor of a dc motor.
statorofaninductionmotor,andtherotorofadcmotor.

SquirrelcageInductionMotor
Seeiton:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induction_motor
Note:Figureismisleading.Thenumberofpolesmust
be an even integer of the number of phases used
beanevenintegerofthenumberofphasesused.
Thusthisdiagramshouldhave6coils,butthatwould
preventonefromimaginingtherotation.
ACMachines

Accuraterepresentationof
a6pole3phaseAC
inductionmotor

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
/File:Rotatingfield.png
 SynchronousMachines
4-17 THREE-PHASE ROTATING FIELDS require three pairs of
windings 120
120 apart,
apart energized by voltages that also have a 120
120-
degree phase displacement.

SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS are specifically designed to maintain

constant speed
speed, with the rotor synchronous to the rotating field
field.
Synchronous motors require modification (such as squirrel-cage
windings) to be self-starting.
Textandfiguresontophalfofpagefrom
http://www.tpub.com/content/neets/14177/css/14177_101.htm

AC
DC

http://www.motcointernational.com/sy_motors.htm Dave Polka Chapter 3 of AC Motors: IEC Ratings

 Reluctance motors
Reluctancemotors
1. Reluctancemotor:Asynchronousinduction
motor.Therotorhassalientpolesandacage
so that it starts like an induction motor and
sothatitstartslikeaninductionmotor,and
runslikeasynchronousmotor.
2. Usessoftmagnetrotorthatismagnetizedby
pp
theapplicationofcurrentinthestatorcoils
3. Themagnetisspunbya3phaseACmotor
withnorotorvoltage
4. Thegearteetharedesignedtoincreasethe
magneticfluxdrivingtherotorwhile
providingasymmetrythatgivesitthe
rotationalacceleration
http://wapedia.mobi/en/File:Switched_rel
5
5. Permeability of the rotor provides a
Permeabilityoftherotorprovidesa uctance_motor_64.svg
significantincreaseininductivepower
6. FullsolutionofFaradayslawwithtimeand
velocity dependence.
velocitydependence.
 Other motors
Othermotors
1. Reluctancemotor:Asynchronousinduction BrushlessDC
motor.Therotorhassalientpolesandacage
,
sothatitstartslikeaninductionmotor,and (actuallya
runslikeasynchronousmotor. pulsedAC
l d C
2. Hysteresismotor:hysteresisproducesthe motor)
torque,canbeverytiny,usedasthedriver http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Poles.jpg
for electric clocks (Chapman p 669)
forelectricclocks(Chapman,p.669).
3. Steppermotor:aspecialtypeofsynchronous
motors.Rotatesanumberofdegreeswith
eachelectricpulse.
4
4. B hl
BrushlessDCmotor:aclosecousinofa
DC l i f
permanentmagnetsteppermotorwith
electroniccontrollers
5. Universalmotor:Ifaseried dcmotorhasa http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/67
htt // l d iki di / iki di / /6/67
laminatedstatorframe,itcanruneffectively /StepperMotor.gif
fromanacsupplyaswellasdc,thisisthe
universla motor.
 Quiz Yourself
QuizYourself
Question:
Question:atthesamepower,Wwhich
at the same power Wwhich hasa
has a
higherefficiency,thesynchronousmotoror
the induction motor?
theinductionmotor?
Sol:thesynchronousmotor,becausethelack
of brushes to connect the rotor of the
ofbrushestoconnecttherotorofthe
inductionmotormakesitsmagneticfieldrun
through an air gap which has a much higher
throughanairgap,whichhasamuchhigher
reluctance.