ENVIRONMENT EFFECT TO HEART RATE OF DAPHNIA

By:
Name : Vio Indah Budiarti
Student ID : B1B015009
Group : VIII
Subgroup :2
Asisstant : Afrizal Vikri Avani

PRACTICAL REPORT OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY I

MINISTRY OF RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY AND HIGHER EDUCATION

JENDRAL SOEDIRMAN UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF BIOLOGY
PURWOKERTO
2016
 I. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Daphnia are crustaceans animals were included in phyllum Arthropod,. These

animals can be found in the culture of water fleas, which is one of the constituent
zooplancton, live in freshwater, for example in the lake (Corotto, 2010). Daphnia also
called water fleas (Pangkey, 2009). Daphnia have a body composed of the head and
trunk. Antennas on Daphnia is the main driving tool at certain time Daphnia will molt
and replace the external skin (Rottmann, 2002).
Daphnia have sexual and asexual phase. In Daphnia water population is
dominance by female daphnia with asexual reproduction. In optimum condition female
Daphnia will produce 100 eggs, and able to lay eggs everyday. Female Dapnia able to
lay eggs 25 times during their life but the average is six times. Female Daphnia start
to lay eggs after four days. Eggs that produce is resting egg. Factors caused this is
deficiency food, low oxygen contains, high population density and low temperature
(Pangkey, 2009).
Daphnia as animal poikilotherm or ectoterm, when the temperature increases,
Daphnia will adapt morphologically similar to animal ectoterm in general is to
enhance the conductance and accelerate the flow of blood to keep the heat easily
detached from the body, because of the affinity of hemoglobin binds oxygen down (
Schmidt, 1990).
Temperature is an important factor in aquatic ecosystems. The increase in water
temperature can cause the life of fish and other aquatic animals disturbed. Water has
several unique thermal properties so that the temperature changes in the water runs
more slowly than air.Although the temperature is less to change in water than in air ,
but the temperature is a major limiting factor therefore aquatic creatures often have
narrow tolerances. Measurement of heart rate and duration of the contraction of the
heart can be used as a reference of how far Daphnia were adapted in the face of
unfavorable conditions in the environment (Radiopoetro, 1977).
1.2 Purpose

Student able to know influence of environment temperature and chemical

substance in (Daphnia sp.)
 II. MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 Materials

The materials that used in this practical are Daphnia sp, ice, hot water,
alcohol and pond water.
The tools that used in this practical are thermometer (Celcius), pipette, cavity
slide, microscope, stopwatch, beaker glass, graph paper, hand counter and tissue.
2.2 Methods

The methods that done in this practical:

2.2.1 Normal Temperature
1. The temperature measured using a thermometer as a normal temperature
2. Daphnia is placed into the cavity slide sing pipette. Excessive water, dried with tissue
paper, water existing in the curve just a little left over so daphnia well tend to be at a
titled position and allow the action of the heart to be seen.
3. Daphnia heart rate is observed under the microscope and the number of heart beat are
counted for 15 seconds.
4. Daphnia is returned into the beaker glass.
5. The number of recorded heart is multiplied by 4 as the calculation for 1 minutes.
2.2.2 Cold Temperature
1. The temperature of ice tubes is measured using a thermometer as a cold temperature
2. Daphnia is placed into the cavity slide sing pipette. Excessive water, dried with tissue
paper, water existing in the curve just a little left over so daphnia well tend to be at a
titled position and allow the action of the heart to be seen.
3. Cold water is inserted into the cavity slide.
4. Daphnia heart rate is observed under the microscope and the number of heart beat are
counted for 15 seconds.
5. Daphnia is returned into the beaker glass.
6. The number of recorded heart is multiplied by 4 as the calculation for 1 minutes.
2.2.3 Hot temperature
1. The temperature of hot water is measured using a thermometer as hot
temperature.
2. Daphnia is placed into the cavity slide using a pipette. Excessive water, dried
with tissue paper, water existing in the curve just a little left over so daphnia
will tend to be at a titled position and allow the action of the heart to be seen
clearly.
 3. Hot water is taped into cavity slide.
4. Daphnia rate is observed under a microscope and the number of heart beats are
counted for 15 seconds.
5. Daphnia is returned into the glass beaker.
6. The number of recorded heart is multiplied by 4 as the calculation for 1 minute.
2.2.4 Alcohol
1. Daphnia is placed into the cavity slide using a pipette. Excessive water, dried
with tissue paper.
2. Alcohol is taped into cavity slide.
3. Daphnia rate is observed under a microscope and the number of heart beats are
counted for 15 seconds, do not be fooled by its feet moving with rhythmic.
4. Daphnia is returned into the glass beaker.
5. The number of recorded heart is multiplied by 4 as the calculation for 1 minute.
 III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Result

3.1.1 Table of Observation Data of Heart Rate in Daphnia sp Group VIII

Normal Hot Cold

GROUP Alcohol

T (OC) Hb T (OC) Hb T (OC) Hb C (%) Hb

1 28OC 184 49OC 200 19 OC 232 5% 156

2 26 OC 232 49OC 204 19 OC 212 5% 268

3 28OC 144 52OC 264 19 OC 128 5% 160

4 26 OC 184 46OC 544 19 OC 216 5% 204

Calculation
Group 1 :
1. Normal water 15 seconds = 58
Normal water 60 seconds = 67 X 4 = 232
2. Hot water 15 seconds = 51
Normal water 60 seconds = 51 X 4 = 204
3. Cold water 15 seconds = 53
Normal water 60 seconds = 53 X 4 = 212
4. Alcohol 15 seconds = 47
Normal water 60 seconds = 47 X 4 = 268
3.1.2 Figure of Daphnia sp

Description :
1. Heart
3.2 Discussion

According Corroto (2010) Daphnia is a crustacean that it is small shape, the test
animals were quite cheap and has a transparent body. The genus Daphnia has become
a model taxon that is often used in various experiments. Crustacean Daphnia unlike
other animals, chromosomes are very small and has a very small frame exoskeletal.
Daphnia heart in the form of saddle-shaped sac located on the dorsal side of the thorax.
Cardiac sinus pericardii attached to the wall with a number of intermediaries
logamenta (Radiopoetro, 1977).
Daphnia have heart in antero-dorsal section with small globular structure that
speeds heart rate is affected by temperature. The higher body temperature will cause
the molecules have higher kinetic energy, therefore the greater the kinetic energy and
the possibility of collisions between molecules to one another even greater, it will
result in the increase in heart rate. Actually this is happening to a certain extent only.
This is related to the enzyme which regulate metabolism in the body which has an
optimum temperature in the works. If the environment temperature or body
temperature increases dramatically, then the enzymes that work will denaturalization
so it cant do the function, so when the environment temperature dropped dramatically,
the enzymes can not work properly (Yuwono, 2001).
Vascular system of Daphnia is open, the heart pumps blood throughout the body
and suck it back through the holes equipped valva. Three pairs of holes are equipped
with valva called ostia, allowing blood to enter the back of the circular sinus. Daphnia
also have five pairs of legs that resembles a leaf. Leg movement causes the flow of
water carrying food particles and oxygen. His heart was found on the dorsal side, rapid
heartbeat and had a pair in the right-left ovarian, gastrointestinal tract in the thorax
(Radiopoetro, 1977). Daphnia can be used as live food fish and ornamental fish
consumption, as feed live crayfish as material toxicity tests, as well as cleaning the
polluted environment as a producer of raw material chitin (Pangkey, 2009).
Soegiri, (1988) When the Daphnia environment is alcohol, because alcohol is
hot should be the result in metabolic activities and affect the heart rat become fast.
According Corotto (2010), the addition of 5% alcohol can lead to heart rhythm
Daphnia so irregular. This is possible because Daphnia left too long in the environment
of alcohol, so that the Daphnia heart rate weakened because alcohol is toxic. According
Soegiri (1988), the addition of chemical substances (alcohol) within a certain limit will
increase metabolism, with the addition of high concentration of alcohol that will
accelerate the work of the heart Daphnia sp. A powerful stimulus causes the heart to
stop beating distole time. This influence off as soon ventricles beat more loudly again.
Stimulate the sympathetic nerves will lead to increased activity of the heart to supply
more blood to the skeletal muscles in physical activity. Growth is generally determined
by the availability and quality of food, in addition to some abiotic factors (such as
temperature and pH) (Acharya, et al., 2004).
According to Wiwi (2006) factors that affect the of Daphnia heart rate are:
a. Activities is a factors affecting Daphnia heart rate increases slowly
b. The size and age, whereas larger species tend to have a slower heart rate.
c. Light, in the dark Daphnia heart rate decreased while in light condition Daphnia
heart rate increased.
d. Temperature, heart rate Daphnia increase as well as the temperature increases.
e. pH, Daphnia require a slightly alkaline pH, ie 6.7 to 8.2.
f. Drugs (chemical compounds), the chemicals cause the activity of Daphnia heart rate
to be high or increasing
 IV. CONCLUSION

Based on lab results and the preceding discussion can be summarized as follows:
1. At high temperatures Daphnia heart rate will be faster due to increased metabolism,
at low temperatures Daphnia heart rate decreases and the additional of 5% alcohol
Daphnia heart rate at the beginning will be faster, but after a long time Daphnia heart
rate will become weaker because of alcohol toxic.
2. Factors affecting the work of the heart Daphnia sp. is the temperature, chemical,
biological factors, light, body size, and age.
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