Republic of the Philippines

Mindanao State University

Fatima, General Santos City

Laboratory Exercise No. 4

Title: Cellular Respiration

COURSE TITLE : Anatomy and Physiology

SECTION : EFGSE

LAB INSTRUCTOR/PROFESSOR : Professor Ronald Bigsang, M.Sc.

DATE PPERFORMED : August 11, 2014

DATE SUBMITTED : August 15, 2014

GROUP No. : Group 4

MEMBERS:

Gerson Caro Jr.

Bemie Joy Dazon
Norhaiza Bayang
Dayanara Adtogan
 Abstract
The experiment was conducted to observe the occurrence and rate of cellular
respiration among plants and animals. Two test were done to identify the occurrence
and rate of cellular respiration; test using beans which uses pre-soaked beans and dry
beans and have the height (beaker calibration) of 5mL, 4mL, and 5mL for the soaked
beans, and 2mL, 2mL, and 3mL for the dry beans. Another test is using exhaled breathe
with the time reaction of 1 min and 50 sec, 3 min and 54 sec and 3 min 23 sec before
exercise and have the time reaction of 29.4 sec, 52 sec , and 42 sec after the three
minute exercise. Thus, this test signifies and proves that plant and animals exhibit
cellular respiration
 Introduction
Plants differ from humans because plants can make sugars using the sun’s
energy, and when they need energy, they metabolized the stored sugar through the
process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration uses oxygen to break apart rich
molecule, like glucose, to release water and carbon dioxide. The plants needs energy
for a certain functions like maintaining homeostasis. Respiration varies and depends on
many factors. Seeds is a living plant organism and all of the organism needs energy to
interact with their environment and to do so, they need to respire. On the other hand,
humans also uses oxygen to metabolized their glucose, that they get from the plants, to
generate energy or ATP and releases carbon dioxide, water and a little amount of heat.
When plants use sugars stored in their leaves or seeds they undergo cellular
respiration:

Sugar + Oxygen  Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP)

In this experiment, we will use the substance called calcium hydroxide (Cao) that
absorbed carbon dioxide from the air and convert it to a solid calcium carbonate. The
purpose of the CaO is to determine if the seed is undergoing cellular respiration.
Another substance called phenol red indicator that reacts to acid and turning its color
from red to orange in the presence of acid. The purpose of the phenol red indicator is to
determine the rate of cellular respiration from the carbon dioxide that we exhale during
rest and exercise, since the carbon dioxide is an acid gas type.

Materials and Methods

I. Using Beans

In this procedure, seven test tubes will be used, label 3 test tubes with treatment
1, another 3 for treatment 2, and label one for the control. For the treatment 1, put
approximately 1.5 grams of calcium hydroxide on the test tube, cotton ball, three pre-
soaked beans and another cotton ball. For the treatment 2, put approximately 1.5 grams
of calcium hydroxide, cotton ball, 3 dry beans, and another cotton ball. For the control,
put approximately 1.5 grams of calcium hydroxide and cotton ball. Pour 50 mL water on
a seven 100 mL beaker. Place each test tube upside down in the beaker. Measure and
record the height (beaker calibration) that water rises in each beaker. Set aside the
laboratory set up at room temperature for 2 hour. Record and measure the water in the
beaker.
II. Using Exhaled Breathe
In this procedure, three Erlenmeyer flask will be used, put 20 mL phenol red
indicator on each flask. The volunteers will blow the phenol red indicator using a straw.
Record the time that the phenol red change its color from red to orange. Let them
exercise for three minutes. The volunteers will blow the phenol red indicator using a
straw. Again, record the time that the phenol red indicator change its color from red to
orange.

Results and Discussion

I. Using Beans
Treatments Water Height Water Height Total Height
(Before) (After) Lose
Treatment 1, Sample 1 53 mL 48 mL 5 mL
Treatment 1, Sample 2 60 mL 56 mL 4 mL
Treatment 1, Sample 3 50 mL 45 mL 5 mL
Treatment 2, Sample 1 52 mL 50 mL 2 mL
Treatment 2, Sample 2 54 mL 52 mL 2 mL
Treatment 2, Sample 3 53 mL 50 mL 3 mL
Control 54 mL 52 mL 2 mL
 As the seeds respire, the oxygen that is present in the test tube is used by the
seed and release carbon dioxide at the same time. If the tube is left aside, the carbon
dioxide will replace the oxygen utilized by the plants. With the presence of calcium
hydroxide, the carbon dioxide will be converted to calcium carbonate known as calcite
or limestone. As the carbon dioxide is converted in solid form, the pressure in the tube
declines and essentially sucking up water. if the calcium hydroxide is not present in the
tube, you will observed nothing from the set up and thus not observing the cellular
respiration.

II. Using Exhaled Breathe

Volunteers Before Exercise (time After Exercise (time

reaction of phenol red reaction of phenol red
indicator) indicator)
1. Jay-r 1 min 50 sec 29.4 sec
2. Venus 3 min 54 sec 52 sec
3. Sitti 3 min 23 sec 42 sec
 Phenol red indicator is a substance used as pH indicator. The phenol red will
have a color yellow color at a pH of 6.4 to 8.2 and above. Exhaling the carbon dioxide
causes the phenol red to make the solution more acidic thus, changing it color to yellow.
Increase in aerobic activity increases the rate of carbon dioxide production.

Conclusion
Cellular respiration occurs in both plants and animals. In plants, particularly in
germinating seeds, they use their stored sugar and utilized it as a source of energy. In
humans, cellular respiration varies depending on the needs of the body. The more
aerobic activity had been done by the body, the higher the rate of carbon dioxide
production. Faster breathing is the reaction of the body when the oxygen level in the
body is depleted thus, supplying the demand of the body and producing high amount of
carbon dioxide.