HNG DN BI TP

Bi 1. BI TP PHN C
Bc 1: Chn mt phn khun bao gm
- S mt phn khun (n)
- V tr mt phn khun trn bn v vt c
- Xc nh s hm khun (= n + 1)
Cho php xc nh phng php t vt c
Bc 2: Thit k mu, li bao gm
- Bn v mu: Da vo kch thc chi tit cng thm lng d gia cng c kh
- Bn v li + gi li

- Li ng thng s dng gi li hnh cn, kch thc, gc nghing gi li cn bo m

nh sau: h > h1, > (bng 1)
- Li ngang c chiu di phn gc li l l.
Li ngang c th lm gi li hnh tr, hnh vung,cn v nhng dng hnh khc. Kch
thc v gc gi li cng phi m bo nh i vi li ng(bng2)

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xin ca
-ng knh ca u gc cho Chiu cao ca u gc, mm
u gc
cc kch th-c trung bnh
mt ct ngang, mm u gc d-i u gc trn D-i Trn

d, mm h, mm h1, mm 0 0
D-i 30 25 20 10 15
3150 30 25 10 15
51100 40 35 7 10
101200 50 40 7 10
201400 70 50 6 8
401600 80 60 6 8
6011000 100 80 5 6
Trn 1000 120 100 3 4

-ng knh u gc hoc kch th-c

Chiu di u gc xin ca u gc
trung bnh mt ct ngang, mm
d, mm l, mm 0
D-i 30 25 10
3150 35 10
51100 50 7
101200 60 7
201400 80 7
401600 100 5
6011000 150 4
Trn 1000 200 3

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- Nhng li ln c bn knh hn 60 mm cn t thm xng li

Xng li

Bc 3: Xc nh kch thc c bn ca hm khun

Chn loi hm khun bng gang c. Hm khun c hnh khi ch nht vi cc kch thc
c xc nh theo chiu di Lv, chiu rng Bv ca vt c v chiu cao li h1:
Khi t ton b vt c t ng khun di :
- Chiu di: L = 2c + Lv+e
c
- Chiu rng: B = 2 c + Bv
- Chiu cao: Hm khun trn: Htr = a + h1
Hm khun di: Hd = b + h + hv c e c
Khi t vt c ng c khun trn v khun di: c
- Chiu di: L = 2c + Lv+e
- Chiu rng: B = 2 c + Bv
- Chiu cao: Hm khun trn: Htr = a + h1+ hvd
Hm khun di: Hd = b + h + hv
Nu vt c t nm ngang th h v h1 bng 0, khi
Hm khun trn: Htr = a + hv
Hm khun di: Hd = b + hv

Trong cc khong cch:

a: Gia mt trn ca vt c v mt trn ca hm khun
b: Gia mt di ca vt c v mt di ca hm khun
c: Gia mt bn ca vt c hoc t b phn rt n thnh hm khun
e: Gia mt bn ca vt c v b phn rt
h,h1: tra theo bng trn
hv: chiu cao vt c trong mi na hm khun

Mn: K thut gia cng c kh 1 Page 3

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Khi lng kim loi vt c, kg a b c e
<5 40 40 30 30
610 50 50 40 30
1120 60 60 40 30
2150 70 70 50 40
51100 90 90 50 50
101250 100 100 60 60
251500 120 120 70 70
5011000 150 150 90 120
10012000 200 200 100 150
20013000 250 250 125 200
30014000 275 275 150 225
40015000 300 300 175 250
500110000 350 350 200 250
>10000 400 400 250 250

Bc 4: Lp bn v khun c bao gm
- Bn v mt ct dc hm khun.
- B tr cc h thng rt,u ngt, u hi
Bc 5: Tnh ton h thng rt
- Chn kiu h thng rt theo vt liu
- Chn t l FOR : FRLX : FRD
Tnh GVD: GVD= G chi tit c + 25% G chi tit c ( Tnh cho h thng rt, u hi
v u ngt)
G VD
- Tnh FRD: FRD
.v.t
Trong : v 2.g.Hp [cm / s] (4.3)
= (0,3 0,8)
g : gia tc trng trng, g = 981 (cm / s2).
Hp: chiu cao tnh ton ca ct p sut (cm).
* Tnh Hp:
Chiu cao tnh ton ca ct p sut c xc nh theo cng thc thu lc hc:
Mn: K thut gia cng c kh 1 Page 4
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P2
Hp H [cm] (4.5)
2C
Trong :
H : chiu cao ca ng rt tnh t ch dn kim loi vo khun n mt thong khun
(cm).
C : chiu cao ca vt c (cm).
P : chiu cao ca vt c tnh t ch dn kim loi lng vo khun tr ln (cm).

C=P
H
H

P = C/2
H

P=0
C

* Tnh t:
Tnh t da vo cng thc kinh nghim, tra theo vt liu v khi lng vt c:
+ Vt c thp v gang c G < 450kg, chiu dy thnh mng di 15mm th:
t S1 G [s]
Chiu dy thnh(mm) 2,53,5 3,58 >8
S1 1,63 1,85 2,2

+Vt c gang c khi lng ln th t S 2 2 pG p=0,62

Chiu dy thnh(mm) 10 1120 2140 >40

S2 1,0 1,3 1,5 1,7

+ Vt c thp c khi lng ln hn th: t K .3 S.G [s]

S: Chiu dy chnh hoc trung bnh ca thnh vt c [mm]
K: h s
Vt c c khi lng <1T K=1,4- 1,6
Vt c c khi lng trung bnh (1T-10T) K=1,6- 1,9
Vt c c khi lng ln (10T-50T) K=1,9-2,3

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Nu FRD 40cm2 th chia t 2 rnh dn tr ln
Bc 6. Tnh Frlx , For
- i vi vt c nh, thnh mng (G<100kg)
Frd : Frlx : For = 1 : 1,06 : 1,11
- i vi vt c trung bnh(100-500kg):
Frd : Frlx : For = 1 : 1,1 : 1,15
- i vi vt c ln (>500kg):
Frd : Frlx : For = 1 : 1,2 : 1,4
- ng knh ca ng rt phn di: dD

4.For
dD [cm] ( 4.10)

- ng knh ca ng rt gn cc rt: dT
dT = (1,1 1,15) dD

Bi 2. TNH TON H THNG CN

Yu cu
Bit trnh t tnh ton h thng cn kim loi
S liu ban u
- Kch thc ban u ca phi
- Kch thc sn phm
- ng knh trc cn
- H s ma st gia phi v trc cn
- chnh xc ca sn phm

Bc 1: S cn kim loi

O1 R
+ ng knh trc cn: D;Bn knh trc cn R
+ Chiu dy phi trc khi cn: H
A
+ Chiu dy phi sau khi cn: h B
h
H

B'
+ Tc vng quay ca trc cn: n A'

R
+ Gc n khp khi cn:
+ Cung n khp khi cn: AB, A'B' O2

+ Vng bin dng khi cn: ABB'A'

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Bc 2. Xc nh gc n khi cn
Tnh gc ma st : = arctgf
= - (2 3)0
Bc 3: Tnh lng p tuyt i mt ln cn s b
= H0 - H1 = D(1 - cos)
Ho Hn
Bc 4: Tnh s b s ln cn nsb: nsb

Lm trn tng nsb c n
ncn = n+1
Ho Hn
Bc 5: Tnh li : chinhxac
n
Bc 6: Tnh kch thc sn phm qua cc lt cn (lp bng)
Hi = H0 - i.chnh xc
Lt cn Hi-1 Hi chnh xc Ghi ch

Ch : Ghi kch thc Hi theo chnh xc yu cu

Bc 7: V s h thng cn
Chn cch b tr h thng cn trong cc s sau

a)

b) e)

c)

g)
d)

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Bi 3. TNH TON H THNG KO
Yu cu
Bit trnh t v phng php tnh ton thit k mt h thng ko kim loi.
S liu ban u
- Kch thc ban u ca phi D0
- Kch thc sn phm Dn
- H s ma st gia phi v khun ko f
- chnh xc ca sn phm
-H s ko s b Ksb
Bc 1: v s ko

Bc 2.Xc nh lc ko
F0
P B .F1. lg .(1 f . cot g ) ( N )
F1
B: Gii hn bn (N/mm2)
F0, F1: Tit din trc v sau khi ko (mm2); t Ksb=D1/D0, tnh c D1, sau tnh
c F0, F1
f: H s ma st gia khun v vt ko
: Gc bin dng
Vi thp C10: B= 340 N/mm2; C15: B= 380 N/mm2; C20: B= 420 N/mm2
Bc 3: Tnh s b s lt ko nsb
lg Dn lg Do
nsb
lg K
Lm trn tng nsb ta c n
nko = n + 1

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Bc 4: Xc nh li gi tr K
lg Dn lg Do
lg K
n

Kchinh xac = 10lgK

Bc 5: Lp bng thng s cc khun
Cng thc tnh cc Di: Di = D0.Kichinh xac
Cng thc tnh cc L3i: L3i=Di/2
Di 1 Di
Cng thc tnh cc L2i: L2i

2.tg
2
Lp bng thng s cc khun
Lt Ghi
Di L2i Kchinh xac
ko Di-1 L3i ch

Ch : Ghi kch thc Di theo chnh xc yu cu

Bc 6: V s h thng ko

d0 d1 d1 d2 dn-1 dn

K1 K2 Kn
C1 C2 C3 Cn Cn+1

Bi 4. TNH TON CNG NGH RP TM KHNG BIN MNG THNH

Yu cu
Tnh ton, thit k mt h thng khun rp tm cc sn phm hnh tr khng bin
mng thnh.
Thng s ban u
- Bn v sn phm
- H s bin dng ln 1: m1
- H s bin dng trung bnh s b: mtb
- chnh xc yu cu
Cc bc tnh

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Bc 1: s rp gin khng bin mng thnh

2 1. Chy rp
2. phi rp
3 3. Khun rp

Bc 2: Tnh ng knh phi

V
D0 1,13 1,13 F

D
F Dth H th th
4
Ch : Khi tnh ton ly theo gi tr ng trung ho Dth , Hth
Bc 3: Tnh s ln rp s b
lg Dth lg D0 lg m1
nsb 1
lg mtb
Lm trn tng nsb c n
nrp = n + 1
Bc 4: Xc nh li mtb
lg Dth lg D0 lg m1
lg mtb
n 1
mtb = 10lgmtb

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Bc 5: Lp bng thng s (c khun di v khun trn)
Tnh Di, di
Dth i = D0.m1.mtbi-1 T tnh c Di= Dth i+ v d i = Dth i -
Tnh Hi, hi
F Dth
H thi i
Dthi 4

Hi= Hthi + /2
hi = Hi + (10 20)mm

B khun Di di Hi hi mtb Ghi ch

th

Ch : Ghi kch thc Di theo chnh xc yu cu

Bi 5. TNH CH HN H QUANG TAY

Yu cu
Tnh ton thng s ch hn h quang tay v hng dn k thut hn
Thng s ban u
- Bn v mi hn, kch thc mi hn, vt liu hn, chiu dy vt hn, v tr mi hn
- H s p ca in cc
- H s ph thuc tnh hnh sn xut K
Trnh t tnh
Bc 1: ng knh in cc dq [mm]
Tra bng theo chiu dy vt hn S (mm)
S (mm) < 1,5 1,5 2 >23 >35 >58 >812 >1215 >1620 > 20
dq (mm) 1,6 2 3 3,4 4 4,5 5 5,6 6

Ch : Khi hn trn ng knh que hn khng nn chn ln, thng khng qu 5mm
Bc 2: Tnh cng dng hn Ih [A]
Cng dng in hn c tra trong s tay hoc c th tnh theo cng thc:
Ih = ( + . dq). dq (A)
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, - h s thc nghim, vi que hn thp cc bon = 20, = 6
Ch : Nu vt c chiu dy S >3dq m bo ngu, Ih tng 15%
Nu vt c chiu dy S <1,5dq , Ih gim15%.
Khi hn ng th Ih gim 1015%
Khi hn trn th Ih gim 1520%
Bc 3: Chn my hn v Uh
Cng sut hn P = U.I. cos
Pmax = U.Ih
Uh xoay chiu = (40 45)V
Uh mt chiu = (35 45)V
Pmy hn = K.Pmax (K = 1,2 1,3)
Bc 4: Tnh s lt hn
Fm h Fd1
n 1
Fdi
b
h
s
Fmh 12 S b 23 b h (mm 2 )
F1

F1 = (6 8) dq ln hn 1
Fi = (8 12) dq cc ln hn sau
Ch : vi chiu dy vt hn qu nh, ly F theo h s nh
vi chiu dy vt hn qu ln, ly F theo h s ln
vi chiu dy vt hn trung bnh, ly h s l 8, khi F = 8dq
Lm trn tng n
Bc 5: Tnh vh [cm/s]
.I h
- Vn tc hn lt 1: vh1 [cm/s]
.Fd1.3600
.I h
- Vn tc hn cc lt sau: vhi [cm/s]
.Fdi .3600
Ch : Nu chn F1 = Fi th vn tc cc lt hn l nh nhau
Bc 6: Thi gian hn

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L
Tm1 [s]
v h1
L
Tmi [s]
v hi
Tm Tm1 (n 1)Tmi
T
Th m
K
K l h s ph thuc trnh t chc sn xut.
Trnh t chc sn xut cao: K= 0,5 0,6
Trnh t chc sn xut trung bnh: K= 0,3 0,4
Trnh t chc sn xut thp: K < 0,3

Bc 7: Lp bng thng s
S lt hn n dq Ih Uh Vh Th

Bc 8: Nu th t thc hin mi hn
- Theo mt ct ngang
- Theo chiu di

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