Numerics,Boundary

Conditions andFluent
Lecture 4
Agenda
Fluent
Nummerics
Boundary conditions
 Fluent
Pressure based solver
Developed forlowspeed
incompressible flow
Density based solver
Developed forhigh speed
compressible flow
2Dor3D
Userdefined functions (UDF)
Allow theuser tocustomize thesolver
Fluent

CaseFile (.cas) DataFile (.dat)

Geometry Alldata(results)
Mesh Can bereloaded andsimulation
.msh readinitially restarted atany time
points,lines,planes
Settings
Assignment 1
Finite volume solver
SIMPLEAlgorithm
1storderupwind scheme
Convergence criteria
Residuals
Stability
Convergence accelerationtechniques
SolutionMethods inFluent
PressureVelocity Coupling (Fluent)
PressureVelocity Coupling
SIMPLE PISO
SIMPLEC One predictor stepandtwo
corrector steps
Neglect pressure andsolve MEfor
pseudovelocities Coupled (Fluent)
Solve pressure equation forp* Nopredictorcorrector
Solve MEforu*andv* Eq solved more coupled,i.e.not
Solve pressurecorrection eq. segregated
Update velocities Requires more memory but fewer
Checkforconvergence iterations(typically)
Higher URF
Pressure Based Solver
Segregatetvscoupled solver
 Calculation of Gradients
1
A
GreenGauss
Cellbased: istheaverage facevalue fromadjacent cells
Nodebased : istheaverage facevalue fromadjacent nodes
Least Square
Linear variationbetween adjacent cells
Overdetermined systemof equations
Node based andleast square often
compareably good.Least square
gradientscheaper tocompute,
hence default
Pressure Interpolation
Pressure oncellfaces
Linerar
Average between adjacent cells
Standard
Interpolation
Secondorder
Extrapolationfromadjacent cells(centraldifferencing)
CellFaceVelocities
First orderupwind
Value takenfromupstream cell
Secondorderupwind
Value extrapolated fromupstream cell
Centraldifferencing
Value extrapolated fromadjacent cells
UnderRelaxationFactor (URF)
Calms downthesolution
Thehigher thefaster
SolutionInitialization
Calculation Activities
Convergence andResiduals (Fl UG28.15)
Discretized transportequation:

Unscaled Residual:

ME
Globalandlocal scaling:Residual relativetoreference value
Normalization:Decrease compared toinitiallevel
CE
Normalized with largest value fromfirst five iterations
Good initialsolutionmight give high normalized residual
despite good convergence
Residuals andResidual MonitorsinFluent
Judging Convergence (Fl UG28.21)
Nouniversalrules
Use residuals, monitorsandcommonsense
Compare residuals torelevantvalues
Normalized unscaled residuals decreased three ordersof magnitude
Convergence Accelerating Techniques
Numerical schemes
SIMPLEC:higher underrelaxationfactors might bepossible
Coupled:more memory but fewer iterations
Pseudotransient solution
Initialsolution
Interpolate fromother mesh
Increase velocity ormachnumber stepwise
Fullmultigrid initialization
Multigrid
 Multigrid

Transferintermediate solutiontocoarser mesh forfaster

reduction of errors,then backtooriginalmesh.Various
multigrid cycles.

FullMultigrid (FMG)initialization:One multigrid cycle with

euler equations (inviscid)
Xyplot
Graphics
DCinFluent
Recommended fluid:Water
Dont testmore meshes than necessary
Convergence:notethemilddefaultcriterion inFluent
Improved stability andconvergence rate
Scripting
Pointsandlines
Monitors
Export

DCinMatlab
Structure forthecode onlisam
Implementation
Startwith theFluxterms,F
See whats neededandadd it
Continue according tothelecture notes
See matlab guidelines (lisam)foraddressing matrices etc.
DCinMatlab (cont.)
Improved stability andconvergence rate
Underrelaxationfactors (when thesolver works)21x21cells
Mom 1.0
p.98
Number of iterationsintheloopforp
Dummycellsreduce theammount of code due tolessspecial
treatment of theboundaries.
Boundary conditions
Dummycellsforvelocity vs.friction force