THE CHILD AND ADOLESCENT LEARNERS AND

LEARNING PRINCIPLES
1. When is teaching-learning said to be metacognitive?
A. When teacher makes students reflect on their learning
B. When teacher requires students to speak the language of
instruction
C. Wen learners ask questions about the lesson
D. When learners work together
2. When is teaching-learning inclusive?
A. When all students regardless of gender, origin and condition
learn together
B. When for specific purpose a school is open only to boys or girls
C. When for hiring purposes, school prioritizes teachers from the
community where the school is located
3. Which has no place in metacognitive teaching and learning?
A. Teacher “spoonfeeds” learners.
B. Students write their reflections for the day.
C. Students feel free to reasonable disagree with one another
including teacher.
D. Students are asked to share their most significant learning for the
day.
4. Which support/s integrative teaching-learning?
I. Teacher uses science lessons as she teaches subject-verb agreement.
II. Teacher teaches value in every lesson.
III. Teacher teaches grammar in all subject every time there is opportunity.

A. I only C. I and II
B. II only D. I, II and III
5. With the collaborative approach in mind which does NOT belong?
A. Games C. Independent study
B. Peer tutoring D. Group discussion
6. For the metacognitive approach to work, which is/are necessary?
I. Mastery of the basis
II. Skill to connect ideas
III. Ability to reflect
A. I only C. I and II
B. II only D. I, II and III
7. If you are engaged in metacognition, which apply/applies?
I. You are aware that you have difficulty remembering names in the History
II. You remind yourself that you should do something to help your poor
memory of names.
A. I only C. II only
B. I and II D. None
8. SEL can help make schools and classrooms more inclusive. What does SEL mean?
 A. Social and Emotional Learning
B. Social Effective Learning
C. Social Efficient Learning
D. Social Educational Learning
9. Which statement on inclusive classroom is TRUE?
A. Inclusive classroom is good only for elementary schools.
B. Integrating social and emotional learning helps build inclusive
classrooms.
C. The more school practices SEL, the less inclusive the classroom
becomes.
D. Inclusive classrooms don’t believe in social and emotional
learning.
10. In the context of piaget’s cognitive theory, how will a teacher explain a pre-school
child’s behavior who says “gaya kahapon” (like that of yesterday) when in a restaurant
the waiter asks him what he wants to order?
A. Egocentric thinking predominates in pre-operational stage.
B. Intelligence is demonstrated through the use of symbols in the pre-
operational stage.
C. The child is in the operational stage.
D. The child is incapable of seriation at his stage.
11. Before distribution, Kindergarten Teacher Paz divided the pineapple juice equally
among 5 kids. Unfortunately, she only had 4 uniform paper cups and so for the 5 th
cup she made use of a taller but thinner cup the capacity of which is the same as that
of the other 4. She found out that all the 5 kids preferred the taller but thinner cup.
How can the Kindergarten pupils’ preference for the 5th cup be explained in the
context of Piaget’s theory?
At the pre-operational stage, the child .
A. does not understand that quantity is conserved even if the
appearance changes
B. assumes that other people see things and the world as he/she does
C. thinks only of himself/herself
D. is convinced that he/she is always right
12. The Kindergarten pupil does not understand that quantity is unchanged even if the
appearance changes. Which theory/ies of Piaget is/are explained?
A. Egocentrism theory
B. Animistic thinking theory
C. Conservation theory
D. A and C
13. Hanah, a preschooler, does not want her teddy bear to be left in the cold. Based on
Piaget’s theory, which preschooler’s mode/s of thinking is/are illustrated?
A. Animistic thinking C. Conservation
B. Egocentrism D. A and B
14. Two preschoolers are arguing. Neither one understands the other’s side of the
argument. Which of preschoolers is explained?
A. Animistic belief C. Conservation
B. Egocentrism D. Selfishness
15. You are trying to explain something to a child and even though it seems obvious to
you, the child just doesn’t seem to understand. Or the child repeats the same mistake
and you get frustrated. Based on Piaget’s cognitive developmental theory, what do
these imply?
1. Considering the developmental stage of preschoolers, which is appropriate
for learners?
A. The child is naughty.
B. The child has low IQ.
C. It is your fault that the child does not understand.
D. The child is in a cognitive developmental stage where he/she is
not yet capable of understanding what you are trying to explain.
16. Which is/are TRUE of Montessori classrooms?
I. Self-directed activities
II. Hands-on-learning
III. Collaborative play
IV. All learning styles accommodated
A. I and II C. I, III and IV
B. II and III D. I, II, III and IV
17. Which is the primary aim of Montessori education?
I. Nurturing each child’s natural desire for knowledge, understanding and
respect
II. Providing a carefully planned stimulating environment to help the child
acquire an excellent foundation to succeed
III. Making the child master the 4rs whether he is interested or not
A. I only C. I and II
B. II only D. II and III
18. Which is TRUE of cognitive development based on Piaget’s theory?
A. One developmental stage can be missed out in a person’s
development.
B. Individuals vary in the rate at which they progress through
stages.
C. All individuals attain the last stage.
D. Individuals go through each developmental stage in exactly the
same way.
19. Which is TRUE of the concrete developmental stage of Piaget?
A. Learners think logically much more successfully if they can
manipulate real materials.
B. Learners can successfully learn from abstractions.
C. Learners are highly egocentric.
D. Learners are very strong in animistic thinking.
20. For learners in Piaget’s concrete operational stage, which one should be done?
A. Ask the learners to reason out about abstract problems.
B. Ask the learners to reason out about materials that are
physically present.
C. Ask the learners to reason out hypothetical problems.
D. Ask the learners to follow an argument without scientific examples.
21. Which activity/ties should be used for students in the formal operation stage of Piaget?
I. Make them come up with hypothetical questions to explore.
II. Teach facts and make them connect the facts.
III. Make the students pay attention to the BIG ideas.
A. I, II and III C. I and III
B. I and II D. II and III
22. Which teacher practices are appropriate for teaching children of different cultural
backgrounds?
I. Reflect on their beliefs about people from other cultures
II. Reflect on their own cultural frames of reference
III. Observe and study other cultures
A. I only C. II and III
B. II only D. I, II and III
23. Which is a response of DepEd to the call for inclusive education?
A. Inclusion of identified learners with disabilities in the general
basic education
B. Establishment of more SPED centers
C. Putting identified learners with disabilities in one classroom
D. Team teaching in every class
24. Which prove the inclusiveness of K to 12 Curriculum?
I. Indigenous Peoples Education
II. Madrasah Education
III. Alternative Delivery Modes and Alternative Learning System
A. I only C. III only
B. II only D. I, II and III
25. Children who lack interaction with others show extreme, long-lasting language
deficits. Which view of language development does this point to?
A. Pragmatic C. Interactionist
B. Environmental D. Biological
26. Based on Erikson’s life-span development theory, what does generativity versus
stagnation mean in middle adulthood?

The person in middle adulthood either:

A. contributes something good or do nothing for the next
generation
B. discovers where he/she is going in life or is confused about his/her
direction
C. develops a sense of fulfillment or despair
D. develops mastery of knowledge and skills or incompetence
27. Is an innovative pedagogical approach developmentally appropriate?
A. Not always
B. Yes, or else it is not innovative
C. Never
D. It depends on the origin/author of the innovative pedagogical
approach
28. Here is one theme for a developmentally appropriate education: Domains of learners’
development – physical, cognitive, socio-emotional are closely linked and development
in one domain can influence and be influenced by development in other domains.
Which is a teaching implication of this theme?
A. Plan learning experiences that connect physical, cognitive and
socio-emotional domains of development.
B. Plan learning experiences considering only the learners’ physical
developmental stage.
C. Plan learning experiences considering only the learners’ cognitive
developmental stage.
D. Plan learning experiences considering only the learners’ socio-
emotional developmental stage.
29. Here is one principle for a developmentally appropriate education:
Individual variation characterizes children’s development.
A. Compare learners with one another to determine who is best.
B. Let learners compare themselves with others to draw their best
performance.
C. Let learners progress at their own pace without comparing them
with others.
D. Group learners according to performance and organize a contest
among the different groups in class.
30. Development is influenced by multiple social and cultural contexts. Which is an
educational implication of this principle?
A. Teachers must show ethnocentric behavior.
B. Teachers must organize feeding program for learners in need.
C. Teachers must understand the effect of poverty, culture and
ethnicity on learners’ development.
D. Teachers must lower learning standards for learners from poor
families.
31. The constructivists claim that learners are active learners, not empty minds to fill. What
is a teaching-learning implication of this?
A. Make learners memorize what were taught for the test.
B. Challenge learners to collaborate with other learners.
C. Engage learners in drills for mastery of subject.
D. Learners are expected to construct meaning out of their
experience.
32. How does Proximodistal development of a child’s motor skills proceed?
A. From the center outward
B. Outward toward the center
C. Top to bottom
D. From the bottom upward
33. What explains Proximodistal development?
The development of motor skills starts from .
A. the center of the organism then to the extremities
B. the head then goes down
C. below then goes up
 D. sides towards the center
34. Which describes cephalocaudal development?
A. Bottom up growth trend
B. Top-down growth trend
C. Center towards the extremities
D. From the sides towards the center
35. Why are the pencils for Grade 1 pupils much stouter than the pencils of grade VI
pupils?
A. Because the Grade 1 pupils are only beginning to write their
names.
B. Because the Grade VI pupils are already expert in writing.
C. To suit the level of hand and finger muscle development of
Grade 1 pupils.
D. To distinguish the Grade 1 from the Grade VI pupils.
36. Which statements are TRUE of Havighurst’s developmental tasks?
I. Human development is characterized by a series of developmental tasks
that individuals have to learn throughout their lives.
II. Successful attainment of age-specific developmental tasks leads to
happiness and success in achieving subsequent tasks.
III. Failure may result in unhappiness in the individual, disapproval by the
society, and difficulty with later tasks.
IV. Attainment of age-specific developmental tasks means high-esteem and
low symptomatology.
A. I and II B. II and III. C. II, III and IV D. I, II, III and IV
37. With the developmental tasks of adolescents in mind, which does NOT belong?
I. Learning to get along with friends of both sexes
II. Accepting one’s physical body and keeping it healthy
III. Becoming more self-sufficient
IV. Making decisions about marriage and family life
A. I B. II C. III D. None
38. With Havighurst development tasks of adolescents in mind, which does NOT belong?
I. Preparing for a job or career
II. Acquiring a set of values to guide behavior
III. Becoming socially responsible
IV. Selecting life partner
A. I B. II C. III D. IV
39. Based on Havighurst’s developmental stages, in which stages is the student in
college?
A. Adolescence C. Middle adulthood
B. Early adulthood D. Late adulthood
40. Based on Havighurst’s developmental stages, in which stages is the student in high
college?
A. Adolescence C. Middle adulthood
B. Early adulthood D. Late adulthood
41. Based on Havighurst’s developmental stages, in which stages is the elementary
school pupil?
 A. Adolescence C. Middle childhood
B. Early adulthood D. Late adulthood
42. Based on Havighurst’s developmental stages, in which developmental stage is a
seven-year old child trying to make friends?
A. Adolescence C. Middle childhood
B. Early adulthood D. Late adulthood
43. Based on Havighurst’s theory, what results when a person fails to achieve
developmental tasks?
I. Difficulty with later tasks
II. Unhappiness in the individual
III. Disapproval by the society
A. I only C. II and III
B. II only D. I, II and III
44. Based on Havighurst’s developmental stages, in which developmental stage is a
seven-year old child trying to make friends?
A. Adolescence C. Middle childhood
B. Early adulthood D. Late adulthood
45. Based on Havighurst’s developmental task, which tasks are expected in early
adulthood?
I. Finding a partner
II. Achieving a masculine or feminine role
III. Beginning a career
A. I only C. II and III
B. II only D. I, II and III
46. Which characterizes a developmentally appropriate teaching?
A. Neither too difficult or stressful nor too easy and boring for the
learners’ developmental level
B. Challenges learners to think beyond their developmental stage
C. Includes global current issues
D. Makes the learners research for answers/solutions
47. The life-span perspective of human development views development as .
I. lifelong III. plastic
II. multidimensional IV. contextual
A. I and II C. I, III and IV
B. II and III D. I, II, III and IV
48. Human development from a life-span perspective claims that development is
multidimensional. What does this mean?
A. Age, body, mind, emotions and relationships are changing and
are affecting one another.
B. While body changes, the mind gets dormant.
C. Intellectual skills get fixed at a certain developmental stage.
D. All forms of human development occur within a context.
49. Human development is contextual. What does this mean?
A. A person’s development is influenced by the family, school,
peer group, neighborhood.
B. Historical context is not part of the context of human development.
 C. Life events is not included in the context of human development.
D. Human development is endless.
50. For people who adhere to the social comparison theory, what’s the basis of one’s
personal worth?
A. Their self-assessment as compared to others
B. Their own accomplishments
C. Their realizations of their dreams
D. Their amount of savings
51. What is the nature-nurture issue in human development?
A. Whether development is primarily influenced by heredity or
environment
B. Whether development is gradual or abrupt
C. Whether early traits persist or change throughout life
D. Whether personality changes as people go through the adult years
52. Which statement on human development is correct?
A. There are connections between the periods/stages of the human
life span.
B. There are no connections between the developmental stages in
one’s life span.
C. Each developmental stage is independent of the other stages of
human development.
D. Biological processes do not influence cognitive processes in the
same way that cognitive processes do not influence biological
processes.
53. Based on Bandura’s social learning theory, how can behaviors be learned?
I. By observation
II. By modeling
III. By practicing
A. I and II C. II and III
B. I and III D. I, II and III
54. Which describes inductive reasoning, a process which emerges in childhood?
A. “Bottom-up processing” C. Concrete reasoning
B. “Top-down processing” D. Abstract reasoning
55. Based on Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal development when the MKO (More
Knowledgeable Other) scaffolds, the process moves in 4 levels. In which order
should the following steps be?
I. I do, you watch.
II. I do, you help.
III. You do, I help.
IV. You do, I watch.
A. I, III, II and IV C. I, II, III and IV
B. IV, III, II and I D. I, II, IV and III