CPE 100 CHILD AND ADOLESCENT LEARNERS AND LEARNING PRINCIPLES

MULTIPLE CHOICE, Choose the letter that corresponds the correct answer.

1. The teacher’s role in the classroom according to cognitive psychologists is to

A. fill the minds of the learner with information.
B. make the learning task easy for the learner.
C. dictate what to learn upon the learner.
D. help the learner what s/he knows new information from the teacher
2. Vygotsky claimed that social interaction is important for learning. What does this imply?
A. children are independent problem solvers.
B. children learn from adults and other children.
C. since theya re not capable of interaction, children in the crib has no learning yet.
D. children learn well by passive presentation of information.
3. Teacher R, a science teacher, makes sure all eyes are on her as she demonstrates the proper procedure for
lighting a Bunsen Burner. Whose theory supports Teacher R’s practice?
A. Piaget’s B. .Vygotsky C. Glasser’s D. Bandura’s
4. Bernadette, a senior high school student claims that what she does is what her conscience dictates as right. Based
on Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, in which moral development stage is Bernadette?
A. Punishment and obedience stage C. universal ethics stage
B. law and order stage D. social contract stage
5. Even if the situation allowed him to cheat, Lucelle chose not to because she believes it not the right thing to do. In
what moral developmental stage is Lucelle?
A. Conventional B. Post-conventional C. Pre-conventional D. Universal
6. In which way does heredity affect the development of the learner?
A. by placing limits beyond which learner cannot develop. C.by compensating for what environment fails to
develop
B. by making acquired traits hereditary. D. by providing equal potential to all.
7. Little Amy watches the other child who walks over the sleeping dog that wakes up, barks loudly, and scares the
child away. Little Amy figures that waking up sleeping dogs is not good thing to do. This situation highlights the main
idea of:
A. Classical conditioning C. laws of learning
B. Operant conditioning D. observational learning
8. Which one is Piaget’s, Freud’s and Erikson’s thought about children’s play?
A.contributes to the child’s mastery of his physical and social environment
B. make a child life so enjoyable that he will tend to hate school life later.
C. prepares a child for an excellent academic performance in formal schooling.
D. develops in the child a highly competitive attitude because of the nature of the play
9. Based on Kohlberg’s theory, what is the level of moral development shown when children generally do what is right
in order to come up with their parentsans teachers’ expectations of a good child?
A. Conventional B. Formal C. Post-Conventional D. Pre-Conventional
10. Teacher Rose begins a lesson on basic dance position by demonstrating the arms and feet position in slow motion
and physically guiding her students through the correct movements. As her students become more skillful, she just
gives verbal instruction. With Vygotsky’s theory in mind, what does Teacher Rose do?
A. Guided participation B. Peer Interaction C. Scaffolding D. Apprenticeship
11. It refers to the range of tasks that is slightly too difficult for a child to do alone but that can be accomplished
successfully with guidance from an adult or more experienced child. This principle is called:
A. Observational learning B. sociocultural context C. scaffolding D. zone of proximal development
12. Within the context of constructive learning, which of the following manifests the teacher as effective teacher?
A. Discovery by students of learning opportunities C. Teacher transmission of bulk of information
B. Great impression teacher is technology savvy D. Setting of a fun environment in teaching
13. What is the systematic manner of providing the right amount of assistance to the learner to effectively acquire a
skill?
A. Scaffolding B. Guidance C. Counseling D. Tutoring
14. Until where does scaffolding encourage children to discover and learn?
A. Within their level only. C. Below their level to avoid frustration.
B. Above their level but with the help from the other. D. Above their level independently.
15. Who perceive learners not as passive recipients of information, but as constructors of knowledge as they interact
with the environment and as they recognize their mental structures?
A. Metacognitivists B. Behaviorists C. Constructivists D. Cognitivists
16. Teaching should shift from knowledge transmission to knowledge construction. From whom does this advice
come?
A. Metacognitivists B. Behaviorists C. Constructivists D. Cognitivists
17. Which of these does NOT belong to Brofenbrenner’s microsystem as a factor of human development?
A. Family B. School C. Peers D. Local politics
18. Of the five different levels of environment in Brofenbrenner’s ecological theory, which is the closest to the learner
and the most influential?
A. Microsystem B. Mesosystem C. Macrosystem D. Exosystem
19. Which is an example of a child’s mesosytem that does NOT work favorably for the child?
A. The child is not in good terms with his peers. C. The child’s parent and teacher are at odds.
B. There is so much hostility at home. D. The child is sickly.
20. Which is an example of a child’s exosystem that does not work favorably for the child?
A. A child gets bullied in school.
B. Mother gets a job promotion and so has less time for supervision of her child’s homework.
C. The teacher play’s favorites.
D. The child is asthmatic.
21. The anxiety of a child whose father belongs to the army increases every time his father leaves for duty. This
proves that a child’s environment, particularly _______________, affects a child’s development.
A. Microsystem B. Mesosystem C. Macrosystem D. Exosystem
22. The difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do with the help is the
_________.
A. Zone of actual development C. Zone of Proximal development
B. Zone of Potential development D. Zone of differentiated development
23. According to Piaget, children construct knowledge by transforming, organizing, and re-organizing previous
knowledge. What does this imply for learning?
A. Let the children explore their world and discover knowledge. C. Equip with learning materials.
B. Give children experts as guide. D. Give them adequate reward.
24. According to Vygotsky, children construct knowledge through social interaction. What does this imply for children’s
learning? This means that children should given ______________________.
A. chance to explore their world. C. questions to ponder on
B. opportunity to learn with skilled peers or teachers D. books to read
25. What is referred to as the zone of proximal development?
I. Zone of potential development
II. Zone of actual development
III. The difference between what a learner can do independently and what he can accomplish with the help of
a “more knowledgeable other such as teacher.
IV. The distance between the actual development level as determined by independent problem solving and
the level of potential development.
A. I, II B. III, IV C. II, III D. II, III, IV
26. Which thought on learning belongs to Vygotsky?
I. Learning always occurs and cannot be separated from a social context.
II. Create a collaborative community of learners.
III. Social context involves tasks that build on each person’s language, skills, and experience shaped by each
individual’s culture.
A. I only B. II only C. II, III D. I,II, III
27. What is an implication of Bandura’s findings that children learn social behaviour such as aggression through the
process of observation learning?
A. Avoid children exposure to media violence.
B. Apply reverse psychology by exposing children to media violence.
C. Stop showing violence in media.
D. Let children watch media violence only with supervision of parents.
28. It refers to the range of tasks that is slightly too difficult for a child to do alone but that can be accomplished
successfully withguidance from an adult or more experienced child. This principle is called:
A. Observational learning C. sociocultural context
B. scaffolding D. zone of proximal development
29. Vygotsky proposed that acquiring novel information is facilitated by an adult-an older sibling, more skilled trainer,
or more knowledgeable individual- who is able to model a new behaviour. An older person who acts as a teacher and
guide is one who structures all the encounters in the environment for better learning. This process is called:
A. Modelling B. sociocultural context C. scaffolding D. zone of proximal development
30. Based on his ecological theory, which would be statements from Brofenbrenner?
I. Recognize that the school cannot work in isolation.
II. Schools must connect with communities.
III. Create situation where the kids are more a part of the community.
A. I,II B. I,II,III C. II,III D. I, III
31. The successful learner can link new information with existing knowledge in meaningful ways. Who subscribe to
such thought?
A. The behaviorist B. The cognitivist C. The social-cognitivist D. The constructivist
32. Fear of something that was caused by painful experience in the past is an example of:
A. Insight B. Classical conditioning C. Operant conditioning D. Imitation
33. A child treats his friends highly aggressive. The reason behind this attitude is his past experiences with his father
who is also aggressive. This is demonstrated on what theory?
A. Social cognitive theory B. Cognitive developmental theory C. Operant Conditioning C. Classical Conditioning
34. Teacher Cora observes cleanliness and order in her classroom to create a conducive atmosphere for learning. On
which theory is her practice based?
A. Psychoanalysis B. Gestalt Psychology C. Behaviorism D. Humanistic psychology
35. Who asserted that children must be given the opportunity to explore and work on different materials so that they
will develop the sense of initiative instead of guilt?
A. Kohlberg B. Erikson C. Maslow D. Gardner
36. The leading proponent of social learning theory is Bandura. He believed taht:
A. Behavior can influence both the environment and the person.
B. Learning stays with the individuals until needed.
C. Reinforcement influences cognitive processes.
D. People can learn from one another such as by modelling.
37. According to Kohlberg’s theory, a human being is at the level of moral thought if he responds to cultural labels of
good and bad, but looks mainly at the physical or pleasure-pain effects of action.
A. post-conventional B. Instrumental-relativist C. Pre-conventional D. Conventional
38. Pre-school pupils are generally at the _________ level of moral development because thay are still at the
Preoperational Stage of cognitive development.
A. Conventional B. Pre-conventional C. Unconventional D. Post-Conventional
39. “Right is what satisfies one’s own needs, or sometimes others’... human relations, as in the marketplace, are
strictly a matter of reciprocity” describes Stage 2 of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development called ______________.
A. social-contract legalistic orientation C. Law and Social Order
B. Good boy-good girl orientation D. Universal ethical principled orientation
Answer: Individualism and Exhange
40. The Observational Learning Theory, we learn by:
A. simply observing B. Observation and imitation C. Imitating and practicing D. Simply imitating
41. The Observational Learning Theory is attributed to _________________who did the “Bobo doll” experiment.
A. Alfred Binet B. Alfred Bandura C. B.F. Skinner D. Albert Bandura
42. Following Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development, what is the moral reasoning or perspective of Joy who allows
her classmate to copy her test work so that she will be her best friend?
A. Obedience B. Law and Order C. Social approval D. Punishment
43. Amie was first asked to compare identical amounts of liquids in two short glasses. The liquid from one of the two
short glasses was poured into a taller, skinner glass of the same capacity. Amie indicated that the amounts of liquid in
the two different glasses are still the same. What is Amie that capable of?
A. Assimilation B. Accommodation C. Conservation D. Reversibility
44. Based on Piaget’s theory, what should a teacher provide for children in the concrete operational stage?
A. activities for hypothesis formulation
B. games and other physical activities to develop motor skills
C. Learning activities that involve problems of classification and ordering
D. stimulating environment with ample objects to play with.
45. According to Piaget’s theory in which developmental stage, can the child do symbolic thinking and go beyond the
connection of sensory information and physical action?
A. sensorimotor B.concrete operational C. formal operational D. pre-operational
46. Two identical canisters A & B are presented to the child. Teacher pours the liquid from B into C, which is smaller
and thinner than A & B but has equal capacity with B. Teacher asks if the canisters A and C have the same amount of
liquid. The child says “no” and points to C as the canister that has more liquid. In what cognitive developmental stage
is the child?
A. Formal operational stage B. pre-operational C. concrete operational D. sensorimotor
47. Two identical balls of clay are shown to the child. The child agrees that they are equal. Teacher X changes that
shape of one ball and asks the child whether they still contain equal amounts of clay. The child answers, “No longer
one has more”. What skill does the child lack?
A. centration B. intuition C. reasoning D.conservation
48. Based on Piaget’s theory, what should a teacher provide for children in the sensorimotor stage?
A. Games and other physical activities to develop motor skills
B. Learning activities that involve problems of classification & ordering
C. Activities for hypothesis formation
D. Stimulating environment with ample objects to play with
49. A child aged one year old realizes that things continue to exist even when it is no longer present to the senses.
According to Piaget, the child has achieved
A. Object movement B. object permanence C. concrete movement D.concrete
permanence
50. Marvin plays with his friends but cannot accept defeat. Based on Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, in what
development stage is Marvin?
A. Concrete operation B. sensorimotor C. formal operation D. pre-operation
51. Piaget used the term egocentrism to refer to
A. Young children’s belief that the volume of an object changes when its shape altered
B. The inability of young children to take the perspective of others
 C. Young children’s tendency to believe that objects that are unseen cease to exist
D. Young children’s inability to understand that if A=B and B=C, then A must be equal to C.
52. Based on Kohlberg’s theory, what is the level of moral development show when children generally do what is right
in order to come up with their parents and teachers’ expectation of a good child?
A. Conventional B. Formal C. Post-Conventional D. Pre-conventional

53. On which principle is your conviction based if you provide positive reinforcement whenever a learner performs an
acceptable behavior on her own?
A. Cognitivism B. Behaviorism C. Constructivism D. Psychoanalytic
54. The difference between what a learner can do without hep and what he or she can do with help is the
_____________________.
A. Zone of actual development C. Zone of proximal development
B. Zone of potential development D. Zone of differentiated development
55. According to Vygotsky, children construct knowledge through social interactions. What does this implt for
children’s learning This means that children should be given _____________________.
A. Chance to explore their world C. Questions to ponder
B. Opportunity to learn with skilled peers or teachers D. Books to read
56. One research-based principle of child development is “early experiences have strong effects on children’s
development and learning.” What is an implication of this to teaching-learning?
A. Enrich early childhood with favourable experiences.
B. Teach them academic lesson as early.
C. Enroll them in preschool.
D. Assist their development by bringing them to tutorial centers.
57. When a person’s moral choices are determined by the direct consequences of his actions.
A. post-conventional B. Conventional . concrete D. Preconventional
58. Albert Bandura proposed a theory commonly known as __________________________ which primarily puts
emphasis on modelling.
A. Psychosocial Development Theory C. Social Learning Theory
B. Psychomotor Development Theory D. Moral Development Theory
59. High school students are generally at the ____________ level of moral development because they are at the
“Identity vs. Role confusion” stage of ego/personality development.
A. Conventional B. Pre-Conventional C. Unconventional D. Post-Conventional
60. It is not wisw to laugh at a two-year old old when he utters bad words because at his stage, he is learning to
_____.
A. Socialize B. Distinguish right from wrong C. Consider other views D. Distinguish sex
differences
61. According to this theory of learning, pairing the conditioned stimulus (CS), a previously neutral stimulus, with the
unconditioned stimulus, with the unconditioned stimulus (US) results in the development of a conditioned response
(CR).
A. Operant Learning B. Cognitive Learning C. Respondent Learning D. Contiguity
Learning
62. According to the Observational Learning theory we learn by:
A. simply observing B. Observation and imitation C. Imitating and practicing D. Simply imitating
63. Which of the following is not a quality of behaviour models that get attention?
A. high status B. High attention C. Expertise D. Motion/movement
64. ___________is a necessary condition in observational learning because without it there can be no leraning.
A. remembering B. Attention C. Behvaioral model D. Encoding
65. Social learning and modelling are other names for ________________________.
A. cognitive learning B. Respondent learning C. Contiguity learning D. Observational learning
66. Early childhood is characterized by educators as a period of morality by constraint. This means that children at this
stage consider parents and teachers as _______________.
A. authorities and models B. Counsellors and advisers C. Peers and playmates D. Facilitators and supervisors
67. Rachel brings her books to school because she wants to please the teacher and get good grades. To which of the
following levels of morality, according to Kohlberg does she belong?
A. Interpersonal B. Conventional C. Pre-conventional D. Controversial
68. Following Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development, what is the moral reasoning or perspective of Jy who allows
her classmate to copy her test work so that she will be her best friend?
A. Obedience B. Law and Order C. Social approval D. Punishment
69. Mrs. De Leon provides her students varied activities that enable them classify objects to more than one variable,
rank order times in logical series, and decide that amounts of mass or liquid do not change even if their shape
changes. She is aware that these are developmental tasks expected of her students as theorized by Piaget. To which
of the following school children do her students belong?
A. Elementary school children B. College students C. Prescholeers C. High school
students
70. A six-year old Grade 1 pupil likes to play with his friends but gets angry when defeated. According to Piaget’s theory of
development, this child is under what stage?
A. Concrete operations B. Sensorimotor C.Pre-operational D. Formal operations
II. Describe each of the systems in the Brofenbrenner’s Ecological Theory .(10 pts.)

CPE100-Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

SEMI-FINAL EXAMINATION

I. Multiple Choice: Choose the letter that best describes the answer. Write the letter on the test booklets.

1. The developmental stage that is described as the “age when heredity endowments and sex are fixed and all body
features, both external and internal, are developed” is:
A. Adolescence B. Infancy C. Pre-natal D. Late Childhood
2. Development is the combination of the processes of _______________________.
A. heredity and environmental influences C. maturation and environmental influences
 B. maturation and education D. heredity and education
3. Which of the following is not a reflex developed while the human is still in the womb?
A. swimming B. blinking C. grasping D. sucking
4. “A young human being below the age of full physical development or below the age of majority” describes:
A. an adolescent B. a neonate C. a child D. an infant
5. One predictable direction during the pre-natal and infancy periods that illustrate the physical development process
in a head-to-foot direction is the __________ trend.
A. proximocaudal B. cephalocaudal C. cephalodistal D. proximodistal
6. “Parts of the body nearest to the center are the earliest to develop” is another predictable direction of development
illustrating the ______________ trend.
A. proximocaudal B. cephalocaudal C. cephalodistal D. proximodistal
7. ___________ are the social expectations consisting of the skills and patterns of behaviour that every cultural group
expects its members to master or to acquire at various stages during the life span.
A. social circles B. conventions C. Developmental tasks D. positive and negative
forces
8. __________ refers to the quantitative changes in the individual as he progresses in chronological age, i.e., increase
in size, height, or weight.
A. growth B. development C. maturation D. learning
9. “Physical development depends largely on inherited characteristics such that children will grow in height differently
from each other” illustrates the principle of development _______________________________________.
A. Development involves change.
B. There are individual differences in development.
C. Development is the product of maturation and learning.
D. The rate of development is unique to each individual.
10. The period which covers from birth to six years, generally referred to as the preschool years, is the stage of
development, ________________.
A. Late Childhood B. Infancy and Early Childhood C. Early and Late Childhood D. Pre-natal and
Infancy
11. __________ is the orderly qualitative changes in an individual as he progresses from conception to maturity or
covering his entire life cycle.
A. Growth B. Development C. Maturation D.Learning
12. Six-year old Susan is shorter but has better penmanship compared to six-year old Ana. Which principle of
development explains BEST this situation?
A. The rate of development is unique to each individual.
B. Development is the product of maturation and learning
C. There are social expectations for every developmental period.
D. Early development is more critical than later development.
13. “Learning to distinguish right from wrong and beginning to develop a conscience” is a developmental task that
belongs to which of the following skills?
A. Physical B. socio-emotional C. cognitive D. Spiritual
14. “Accepting changes in one’s physique and using the body effectively” is a developmental task that belongs to
which of the following skills?
A. Physical B. socio-emotional C. cognitive D. Spiritual
15. “Developing fundamental skills in reading, writing, and calculating” is a developmental task that belongs to which
of the following skill?
A. Physical B. socio-emotional C. cognitive D. Spiritual
16. “Preparing for an economic career with knowledge gained from academic exposure” is a developmental task that
belongs to which of the following skills?
A. Physical B. socio-emotional C. cognitive D. Spiritual
17. “Learning sex differences and sexual modesty” is a developmental task that belongs to which of the following
skills:
A. Physical B. socio-emotional C. cognitive D. Spiritual
18. “Gang and creativity age when self-help skills, social skills, school skills, and play skills are developed”
characterizes the stage of development, ____________.
A. pre-natal B. early childhood C. infancy D. middle childhood
19. _______ is the foundation age when basic behaviour patterns are organized and many ontogenic (referring to an
individual’s development from zygote to maturity) maturational skills emerge.
A. pre-natal B. early childhood C. infancy D. middle childhood
20. According to Piaget, ___________ is inability to take another’s view or to put oneself mentally in the place of
another person.
A. egocentrism B. irreversibility C. centration D. concreteness
21. In reading, writing, calculating, and concepts necessary for everyday living are some developmental tasks for the
stage of development, __________________.
A. Late childhood B. Infancy and Early Childhood C. Early and Late Childhood D.
Adolescence
22.Learning to walk, to talk, to take solid foods, to control elimination of body wastes, to relate emotionally with
parents, siblings and other people, and achieving physiological stability are some developmental tasks for the stage of
development, ___________________.
A. Late childhood B. Infancy and Early Childhood C. Early and Late Childhood D.
Adolescence
23. Mental Capacity corresponds to the:
A. Locomotor Domain B. Affective Domain C. Psychomotor Domain D. Cognitive
Domain
24. Emotional Behavior and attitude toward others correspond to the:
A. Locomotor Domain B. Affective Domain C. Psychomotor Domain D. Cognitive
Domain
25. What is a characteristic common among pre-schoolers where they give human quality to non-human things?
A. Egocentrism B. Animism C. Association C. Projection
26. When is physical growth fastest?
A. Infancy B. Adolescence C. Early Childhood D. Late Adolescence
27. In early childhood, the pre-operational stage, centration is proven by children’s lack of conservation. This means
that children __________________
A. are able to understand that changing a substance’s appearance does not change its basic properties.
B. exhibit primitive reasoning.
C. are not able to distinguish their perspective from others’ perspective.
D. believe that objects have lifelike qualities.
28. One research-based principle of child development is “early experiences have strong effects on children’s
development and learning.” What is an implication of this to teaching-learning?
A. Enrich early childhood with favourable experiences.
B. Teach them academic lesson as early.
C. Enroll them in preschool
D. Assist their development by bringing them to tutorial centers.
29. This is the tendency of the child in the pre-operational stage to see only his own point of view and to assume that
everyone also has the same point of view as his.
A. reversibility B. centration C. egocentrism D. transductive reasoning
30. Heredity and environment are the two general factors influencing human development. They are so interrelated
that
A.. their specific influences can be easily pointed out. C. one is sufficient even without the other.
B. it is impossible to isolate their specific influences. D. All of the above
31. Understanding the proximodistal direction of development, the teacher therefore
A. teachers children how to position the arm in writing before teaching them how to hold the pencil.
B. teaches children how to float before teaching them the strokes in teaching.
C. teaching children how to balance on the bike before teaching them how to pedal.
D. all of the above.
32. The rate of developmental change is unique to each individual. This means that
A. because Cherry learns to read at a very early age, Malou being Cherry’s sister would also learn at a very early age.
B. all factors being equal,forty learners in my class learn subtraction of signed numbers at a uniform speed.
C. even twins differ in their speed to memorize a given poem.
D. a teacher expects Rizza, the twin sister of Anabelle to read the paragraph as accurately and as fast as Anabelle.
33. Why is early childhood regarded a teachable stage for the teaching of the skills/ Because children at this stage are
A. growing fast B. attracted to games C. adventurous D. excited with whatever they undertake
34. The __________ connects the prenatal organisms to the placents.
A. Verhix B. Amnion C. Lanugo D. Umbilical cord
35. Which of the following statement is TRUE about the newborn baby’s appearance.
A. Proportionally, if an adult were as large as that of a newborn infant, it would be the size of an orange.
B. Their round faces, chubby cheeks, large foreheads , and big eyes make adults feel like picking them up
and cuddling them.
C. They may not match their parents’ idealized image because they have a combination of small head and
long torso.
D. Their legs are long and bowed, and their heads are small compared to the rest their body.
36. At which age would you expect a child sit alone?
A. 2 months B. 2 years C. 4 months D. 6 months
37. Zygote four days after fertilization when it is for shallow fluid filled ball.
A. Blastocyst B. Disk C. Viability D. Trophoblast
38. The pre-natal organism from two to eight weeks after conception.
A. Embryo B. Fetus C. Age of viability D. Lanugo
39. The prenatal organism from the ninth week to the end of the pregnancy.
A. Fetus B. Embryo C. Baby D. Balstocyst
40. Which of the following causes damage during the prenatal period.
A. Teratogen B. Rubella C. Genetics D. Syndrome
41. Fetal Alcohol ________ causes mental retardation, slow growth and facial abnormalities resulting from maternal
alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
A. Syndrome B. Spectrum C. Illness D. Toxic Disease
42. Which of these are major caregiver responsibilities?
A. Must enjoy children C. Must be able to handle routine and emergency situations
B. Must exercise self discipline and be consistent D. None of these
43. Which represents the correct order of Piaget’s stages of intellectual development?
A. Sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational, postoperational
B. Preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational, sensorimotor
C. sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
D. preoperational, informal operational, formal operational, postoperational
44. A child is largely nonverbal, is learning to coordinate purposeful movements with sense information, and is
developing the concept of object permanence. The child is in Piaget's __________ stage.
A. SensorimotorB. Preoperational C. Concrete operational D. Formal operations
45. Cephalocaudal means
A. from the center of the body to the extremities. C. From the past to the future
B. From the head to the toes. D. From birth to death
46. Proximodistal means
A. From the center of the body to the extremities. C. From the past to the future.
B. From the head to the toes. D. From birth to death
47. As children begin their elementary school years, they enter Erikson's stage of
A. Initiative versus independence. C. Industry versus inferiority.
B. Education versus indolence D. Autonomy versus conformity.
48. Please select the correct order of periods of prenatal development.
A. Germinal—Embryonic—Fetal C. Germinal—Fetal—Embryonic
B. Embryonic—Fetal—Germinal D. Embryonic—Germinal—Fetal
49. A child’s genotype is most influenced by
A. Parent’s genotype B. Parent’s phenotype C. Child’s phenotype D. Childs
environment
50. Most developmentalists recognize that every characteristics we possess is due to
A. Nature C. Nurture
B. an interaction between nature and nurture D. Either only nature or only nurture
51. Which developmental processes most involve and individuals’ changing relationships with peers?
A. biological B. Socio-emotional C. cognitive D. Intelligence
52. At what time of life does Erikson stage Industry vs. Inferiority occur?
A. old age B. adolescence C. infancy D. school age
53. Which of these are associated with insecurely attached infants in later life?
A. less competent B. has less mature friends C. less socially skilled D. all of the above
54. Which of these is a misconception about heredity?
A. heredity means that a person will not change
B. it is a waste of effort to try to influence a trait that has a strong heredity component
C. if the heritability of a trait is high, it shows that society has had little influence on the trait
D. All of the above
55. According to Erikson eight stages of psychosocial development, during which age does the psychological stage of
trust vs. mistrust develop?
A. early childhood B. infancy C. adolescence D. adulthood
56. Which of the following would be true of birth order?
A. First born and only children are higher in achievement motivation
B. Young children are more relation oriented.
C. Having younger siblings increases power motivation.
D. All of the above
57. Which of the following is a way to measure activity level in an infant?
A. how often they smile C. how much they sleep
B. how much they want to be held D. all of the above
58. George is in preschool. His teachers notice that he is hyperlikes to jump around a lot and cannot sit still during nap
time. George is probably
A. high in sociability B. anxious attached child C. introvert D. high in activity level
59. Jill is five years old, and loves to play house. However, her Nanny has been interjecting quite frequently saying
No! you don’t play house that way! and proceeds to tell the children how to play house. What stage is Jill in?
A. Toddler B. Early Childhood C. Infancy D. Elementary and Middle School Years
60. Baby Catherine continually cries during the night. Her mom is feeling tired but continues to get up during the night.
Mom or Dad always pick Catherine up and rock her back to sleep or feed her when she is hungry. What stage is
Catherine in?
A. Toddler B. Infancy C. Adolescence D. Elementary and Middle School Years
61. Benjamin is an imaginative young boy. He plays many make-believe games with his toys. One day Benjamin is
playing with his toys in the living room when his dad walks in and steps on one of the toys. Benjamin’s dad yells out
“Ouch! Benjamin what are all these stupid toys doing lying around the room. You are too old for playing with toys.
Clean these up right now!” Benjamin picks up his toys quietly and leaves the room.
A. Early Childhood B. Toddler C. Elementary and Middle School Years D. Infancy
62. School is an important event at which of Erikson’s eight stages?
A. Toddler B. Elementary and Middle School Years C. Early Childhood D. Infancy
63. What happens if a person does not successfully resolve a crisis within a stage?
A. They regress
B. They move to the next stage without any complications
C. They move to the next stage with issues left from the previous stage
D. They do not move to the next stage
64. After working tirelessly the night before on a math assignment to complete, Jack handed his work in, satisfied he
had completed it. His teacher, Ms. F goes through all the assignments throughout the day and noticed that Jack
answered several questions wrong that they have been focusing on in class. Ms. F decides to make an example of
Jack. While taking up the answers, Ms. F points out Jack’s failure to answer the questions correctly and reprimands
him in front of the class. She tells Jack that he will have extra homework until he can answer the questions right and
for the rest of the class, no homework! What stage is Jack in?
A. Elementary and Middle School Years C. Early Childhood
B. Toddler D. Adolescence
65. During stage 2, ideally the toddler will develop an appropriate sense of autonomy, if not he or she will then …
A. suffer from dependence C. have little shame or doubt
B. be excessively impulsive D. suffer from independence