1.

What is the systematic manner of providing the right amount of assistance to the learner to
effectively acquire a skill?
a. Scaffolding
b. Guidance
c. Counseling
d. Tutoring

2. Until where does scaffolding encourage children to discover and learn?

a. Within their level
b. Above their level but with the help from the teacher
c. Below their level to avoid frustration
d. Above their level independently

3. Which thought on learning belongs to Vygotsky?

I. Learning always occurs and cannot be separated from a social context.
II. Create a collaborative community of learners.
III. Social context involves tasks that build on each person’s language, skills, and experience
shaped by each individual’s culture.

A. I only
B. II only
C. II and III
D. I, II and III

4. What is referred to as the zone of proximal development?

I. Zone of potential development
II. Zone of actual development
III. The difference between what a learner can do independently and what he can accomplish
with the help of a “more knowledgeable other” such as teacher.
IV. The distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent
problem solving and the level of potential development.

A. I and II
B. III and IV
C. II and III
D. II, III and IV

5. The difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do with help is
zone of ________.
A. actual development
B. potential development
C. proximal development
D. differentiated development
 6. Research says that children use private speech more when tasks are difficult, after they have made
errors and when they are not sure how to proceed. What does this imply?

I. Insist on silence or no talking rule when children are occupied with a task.
II. Allow children to engage in private talk while taking the written test.
III. Encourage children to do private talk to improve their performance.

A. I and II
B. I and III
C. II and III
D. I, II and III

7. According to Vygotsky, children construct knowledge through social interaction. What does this
imply for children’s learning? This means that children should be given

A. chance to explore their world

B. opportunity to learn with skilled peers or teachers
C. questions to ponder on
D. books to read

8. When adults break tasks into a set of subroutines that the child can successfully complete on his or
her own, in which of the elements of the scaffolding process are they engaging?
A. controlling frustration
B. maintaining participation
C. providing feedback
D. simplifying the task

9. Social exposure to various cultures expands a child’s pool of knowledge. Which statements go/es
with this sentence?
I. The less experiences a child has the more disciplined he/she becomes.
II. The more experiences a child has the richer his/her world becomes.
III. The more selective parents in the exposure of the child, the more challenged the child
becomes.
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II
D. III only

10. In the formal operational stage, which is/are adolescents capable of doing to solve problem?

I. Formulate hypotheses
II. Systematically test hypotheses
III. Reason out

A. I, II and III
B. II only
C. I and II
D. II only
11. What is the teaching-learning implication of Greeno’s statement that thinking as result of the
interaction between the individual and the environment?

I. Social interaction plays a role in learning.

II. Collaborative approach should be used in the classroom.
III. Teachers should provide hands on activities.
IV. Visual/Instructional materials should be used in teaching.

A. I and II only
B. III and IV only
C. I, II and III only
D. I, II, III and IV

12. Greeno (1989) said that thinking is the result of the interaction between individual and the
environment. Which of the theories of development support/s the idea of Greeno?

I. Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development

II. Kohberg’s stages of moral development
III. Piaget’s stages of cognitive development
IV. Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory

A. III only
B. I and III only
C. III and IV only
D. I, II, and III

13. What does maturationist theory advance?

A. Development is a product of maturation and learning as these two constantly interact with
one another.
B. Development is a biological process that occurs automatically on predictable, sequential
stage overtime.
C. Socio-cultural factors should provide the basis for the education of young children.
D. Development universals exist and that the developing child should be the focus of educational
planning.

14. When is physical growth fastest?

A. Infancy
B. adolescence
C. Late Adolescence
D. Early Childhood

15. When adults break tasks into a set of subroutines that the child can successfully complete on his or
her own, in which of the elements of the scaffolding process are they engaging?
A. controlling frustration
B. maintain participation
C. providing feedback
D. simplifying the task
16. One research-based principle of child development is “early experiences have strong effects on
children’s development and learning”. What is an implication of this to teaching-learning?

A. Enrich early childhood with favorable experiences.

B. Teach them academic lesson as early as possible.
C. Enroll them in preschool.
D. Assist their development by bringing them to tutorial centers.

17. Which of the following is an example of a fine motor skill?

A. Running
B. Throwing a ball
C. Jumping
D. Drawing

18. If a teacher believes that a child’s mind in TABULASA RASA, then the teacher will most likely engage
the students in _________ process for them to learn.

A. Sensory impressions
B. Reasoning
C. Reflections
D. Metacognition

19. In Piaget’s concrete operational stage, a teacher should provide __________.

A. Activities for hypothesis formation

B. Learning activities that involve problems of classification and order.
C. Activities for evaluation purpose.
D. Stimulating environment with ample objects to play with….

20. He pioneered in coming up with a list of development task as individual pass through the
developmental stages.
A. Havighurst
B. Anastasi
C. Hurlock
D. Herbart

21. Which of the following will be Freud’s description of the child’s behavior when he has biting,
sarcastic manner?

A. Anally expulsive
B. Anally retentive
C. Fixated in the oral stage
D. Experiencing the crisis of trust vs. mistrust

22. Instincts are under what mental dimension?

A. Ego and super ego
B. Ego
C. Id
D. Super- Ego
23. According to Sigmund Freud, the main proponent of Psychoanalytical Theory, the superego is mainly
concerned with _______.
A. the resolution of conflict with the self
B. the finding of greater satisfaction
C. the idea of right and wrong
D. the development of healthy psyche

24. Based on Kohlberg’s theory, what is the level of moral development shown when children generally
do what is right in order to come up with their parents and teachers expectation of a good child?
A. Conventional
B. Formal
C. Post Conventional
D. Pre- Conventional

25. From Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development, what is the moral reasoning of perspective of
Mother Teresa who pledged her life to serve the sick and very old?
A. Social contract
B. Universal principles
C. Obedience
D. Law and Order

26. Elisa who is between 9 to 11 years of age are most likely to determine moral reasoning at which
Kohlberg’s stage?
A. Pre operational
B. conventional
C. Post Conventional
D. None of the above

27. Dr. Esocoto, the school physician conducted physical examination in Ms. Manuel’s class. What
concept best describes the quantitative increase observed by Dr. Escoto among the learners in terms of
height and weight?
A. Development
B. Learning
C. Growth
D. Maturation

28. Which principle is NOT TRUE?

A. Development is a function of nature and nurture
B. Development occurs at different rates
C. Development occurs in a predictable manner
D. Development occur in an unpredictable manner

29. It was noticed by the mother that her 6 month old child no longer cries when left in the room. What
was developed by the child?
A. feeling of trust
B. independence
C. object permanence
D. Initiative
30. Kate, a 7 year old child, always tells her friends not to talk to a classmate who happens to be her
“enemy for the day”. If she sees a friend who talks to this enemy of the day, that friend will also become
her enemy. In what stage of cognitive development is this behavior evident?
A. Concrete Operational
B. Pre operational
C. Sensorimotor
D. Formal Operational

31. Her mother noticed that Ysabelle completes her tasks at a slower pace than usual. When she tried to
investigate, she saw that Ysabelle was meticulously arranging her things according to their size and
color. In Piaget’s Theory, this ability is called ______.
A. Seriation
B. Conservation
C. Classification
D. Centration

32. A woman, 55 years of age, decided to take the LET exam. When asked why it took her years to finally
take the exam, she answered that at her age, all her children have graduated and are ready to live their
own lives and since she will have no more children to take care of, she decided to pursue her own
career. The woman is in what stage of her life?
A. Identity vs. Role confusion
B. Integrity vs. Despair
C. Industry vs. Inferiority
D. Generativity vs. Stagnation

33. Interactive learning is one of the major thrust of education today. Where the proponent of this kind
of learning where one learns through the guidance of more capable peers?
A. Vygotsky
B. Brofenbrenner
C. Bowlby
D. Bandura

34. Guia and Bea often see their teacher brush her teeth, fix her hair, and powder her face after lunch.
After some time, the two girls were observed doing the same things. What theory of learning is involved
in this situation?
A. classical conditioning
B. information processing
C. social learning
D. discovery learning

35. Identical twins are more alike than fraternal twins. Which of the following statements/principles is
supported by this?
A. Heredity has a part in determining physical appearance.
B. Intelligence is determined party by prenatal nutrition.
C. Environment affects both fraternal and identical twins.
D. Intelligence hinges in physical structure.
36. Do not cheat. Cheating does not pay. If you do, you cheat yourself” says the voiceless voice from
within you”. In the context of Freud’s theory, which is/are at work?
A. Id
B. Superego
C. Ego
D. Id and Ego interact

37. Which is essential in the cognitive development of persons according to Vygotsky?

A. Independent thinking
B. Social interaction
C. individual mental work
D. Scientific thinking

38. The role of play in the preschool and early childhood years is that is ______.
A. Develops competitive spirit
B. Separates reality from fantasy
C. Develops the upper and lower limbs
D. Increases imagination due to expanding knowledge and emotional range.

39. What is an application of Vygotsky’s idea of scaffolding?

A. Give the learner tasks that challenge her ability.
B. From the start leave the learner to herself because she has the power for self-learning.
C. Don’t spoil the learner by doing what she ought to do.
D. Give the learner the necessary assistance until she can be on her own.

40. In Piaget’s concrete operational stage what is it that a child CANNOT DO?
A. Reasoning applied to specific example.
B. Doing mentally what was just physical done.
C. Classifying objects into different sets.
D. Imagining the steps necessary to complete an algebraic equation.

41. This is one of Bronfenbrenner’s four social levels or systems which refers to the relationship
between home and school, and parents and friends.
A. microsystem
B. chronosystem
C. exosystem
D. mesosytem

42. John was affected by the time of his mother’s death because her death was at the time of John’s
elementary years, so he had difficulty living without a mother. This social level in Brofenbrenner’s
ecological theory which refers to time is called ____?
A. microsystem
B. chronosystem
C. exosystem
A. mesosystem

43. Which of the following statement is not TRUE?

A. At birth, there is often a slight regression such as loss of weight.
B. Pre-natal environment influences the infant’s adjustment in post natal environment.
C. Pre-natal period is characterized by slow growth and development.
D. Prolonged & internal maternal stress contributes to infant’s difficulty in post natal adjustment
44. What is an implication of Bandura’s findings that children learn social such as aggression through the
process of observation learning?
A. Avoid children exposure to media violence.
B. Stop showing violence in media.
C. Apply reverse psychology by exposing children to media violence,
D. Let children watch media violence only with supervision of parents.

45. In bruner’s three-tiered learning, which is action-based?

A. Enactive learning
B. Iconic learning
C. Inactive learning
D. Symbolic learning

46. Lutz and Huitt (2004) in their study on cognitive development and contructivism, said that,
“Educators must activate previous experiences and knowledge in order to effectively present new
information in a context that students can readily process”. What does this statement imply?

A. Learning is cumulative
B. Drill and review are important in the teaching learning process.
C. The teacher must connect his/her lesson to students past experiences for meaning and
understanding.
D. The teacher must incorporate appropriate teaching strategies in order to aid cognitive
development effectively.

47. On which principles is your conviction based if you provide positive reinforcement whenever a
learner performs an acceptable behavior on her own?
A. Cognitivism
B. Behaviorism
C. Constructivism
D. Psychoanalytic

48. A child received a candy after correctly completing his task. The child always tries to complete all
task correctly for him to have a candy once again. What is being shown in the situation?
A. Associative learning
B. Classical conditioning
C. Operant conditioning

D. Pavlonian conditioning