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Hindi Vyakaran PDF
Hindi Vyakaran PDF
izdk'ku laLFkku
u;h fnYyh&110002
izdk'kd
izdk'ku laLFkku
4715/21] n;kuUn ekxZ] nfj;kxat
u;h fnYyh&110 002
laLdj.k % lu~
2009
ISBN : 81-7714-329-8
vkoj.k % txeksgu flag jkor
1- mUgksaus lkokkurkiwoZd viuh Hkk"kk ds fo"k; dk voyksdu fd;k vkSj tks fl)kar mUgsa feys
mudh LFkkiuk dhAMkW- HkkaMkjdjA
1- ^fganh O;kdj.k* vkSj mlds laf{kIr laLdj.k izdkf'kr gksus rFkk budh udy djds dbZ O;kdj.k
cuus ds dkj.k ^Hkk"kkHkkLdj* dk izpkj cgqr ?kV x;k gSA
Hkwfedk v
1- izLrkouk 19
1 Hkk"kk 19
2 Hkk"kk vkSj O;kdj.k 21
3 O;kdj.k dh lhek 22
4 O;kdj.k ls ykHk 22
5 O;kdj.k ds foHkkx 23
2- fganh dh mRifk 25
1 vkfne Hkk"kk 25
2 vk;ZHkk"kk, 26
3 laLr vkSj izkr 26
4 fganh 29
5 fganh vkSj mnwZ 34
6 rRle vkSj rn~Hko 'kCn 37
7 ns'kt vkSj vuqdj.kokpd 'kCn 38
8 fons'kh 'kCn 39
igyk Hkkx
o.kZfopkj
igyk v/;k;o.kZekyk 40
nwljk v/;k;fyfi 42
rhljk v/;k;o.kks dk mPpkj.k vkSj oxhZdj.k 44
More Books at Books.Jakhira.com
pkSFkk v/;k;Lojk?kkr 51
ikpok v/;k;lfa k 52
nwljk Hkkx
'kCnlk/ku
igyk ifjPNsn&'kCnHksn
igyk v/;k;'kCnfopkj 60
nwljk v/;k;'kCnksa dk oxhZdj.k 62
nwljk [kaMv
O;;
igyk v/;k;f;k fo'ks"k.k 121
nwljk v/;k;lca a klwpd 135
rhljk v/;k;leqPp;ckskd 145
pkSFkk v/;k;foLe;kfnckskd 158
1 Hkk"kk
Hkk"kk og lkku gS] ftlds }kjk euq"; vius fopkj nwljksa ij Hkyh&Hkkfr izdV
dj ldrk gS vkSj nwljksa ds fopkj vki Li"Vr;k le> ldrk gSA euq"; ds dk;Z
mlds fopkjksa ls mRiUu gksrs gSa vkSj bu dk;ks esa nwljksa dh lgk;rk vFkok lEefr
izkIr djus ds fy, mls os fopkj nwljksa ij izdV djus iM+rs gSaA txr~ dk vfkdka'k
O;ogkj] cksypky vFkok fy[kk i<+h ls pyrk gS] blfy, Hkk"kk txr~ ds O;ogkj
dk ewy gSA
cgjs vkSj xwxs euq"; vius fopkj ladsrksa ls izdV djrs gSaA cPpk dsoy
jksdj viuh bPNk tukrk gSA dHkh&dHkh dsoy eq[k dh ps"Vk ls euq"; ds fopkj
izdV gks tkrs gSaA dksbZ&dksbZ caxkyh yksx fcuk cksys gh ladsrksa ds }kjk ckrphr
djrs gSaA bu lc ladsrksa dks yksx Bhd&Bhd ugha le> ldrs vkSj u buls lc
fopkj Bhd&Bhd izdV gks ldrs gSaA bl izdkj dh lkadsfrd Hkk"kkvksa ls f'k"V
lekt dk dke ugha py ldrkA
i'kq&i{kh vkfn tks cksyh cksyrs gSa] mlls nq%[k] lq[k vkfn euksfodkjksa ds
flok vkSj dksbZ ckr ugha tkuh tkrhA euq"; dh Hkk"kk ls mlds lc fopkj Hkyh&Hkkfr
izdV gksrs gSa] blfy, og O;Dr Hkk"kk dgykrh gS( nwljh lc Hkk"kk, ;k cksfy;k
vO;Dr dgykrh gSaA
O;Dr Hkk"kk ds }kjk euq"; dsoy ,d nwljs ds fopkj gh ugha tku ysrs]
oju~ mldh lgk;rk ls muds u, fopkj Hkh mRiUu gksrs gSaA fdlh fo"k; dks
lksprs le; ge ,d izdkj dk ekufld lEHkk"k.k djrs gSa] ftlls gekjs fopkj
vkxs pydj Hkk"kk ds :i esa izdV gksrs gSaA blds flok Hkk"kk ls kkj.kk'kfDr
dh lgk;rk feyrh gSA ;fn ge vius fopkjksa dks ,d=k djds fy[k ysa rks
vko';drk iM+us ij ge ys[k :i esa mUgsa ns[k ldrs gSa vkSj cgqr le; chr
tkus ij Hkh gesa mudk Lej.k gks ldrk gSA Hkk"kk dh mUur ;k vour voLFkk
jk"Vh; mUufr ;k voufr dk izfrfcac gSA izR;sd u;k 'kCn ,d u;s fopkj dk
fp=k gS vkSj Hkk"kk dk bfrgkl ekuks mlds cksyusokyksa dk bfrgkl gSA
More Books at Books.Jakhira.com fganh O;kdj.k / 19
Hkk"kk fLFkj ugha jgrh( mlesa lnk ifjorZu gqvk djrs gSaA fo}kuksa dk vuqeku
gS fd dksbZ Hkh izpfyr Hkk"kk ,d gtkj o"kZ ls vfkd le; rd ,d lh ugha
jg ldrhA tks fganh ge yksx vktdy cksyrs gSa] og gekjs izfirkeg vkfn ds
le; esa Bhd blh :i esa u cksyh tkrh Fkh vkSj u mu yksxksa dh fganh oSlh Fkh]
tSlh egkjkt i`Fohjkt ds le; esa cksyh tkrh FkhA vius iwoZtksa dh Hkk"kk dh
[kkst djrs&djrs gesa var esa ,d ,slh fganh Hkk"kk dk irk yxsxk] tks gekjs fy,
,d vifjfpr Hkk"kk ds leku dfBu gksxhA Hkk"kk esa ;g ifjorZu khjs&khjs gksrk
gSb ruk khjs&khjs fd og gedks ekywe ugha gksrk( ij var es]a ifjorZuksa ds dkj.k
ubZ&ubZ Hkk"kk, mRiUu gks tkrh gSaA
Hkk"kk ij LFkku] tyok;q vkSj lH;rk dk cM+k izHkko iM+rk gSA cgqr ls
'kCn tks ,d ns'k ds yksx cksy ldrs gSa] nwljs ns'k ds yksx r}r~ ugha cksy ldrsA
tyok;q esa gsj&Qsj gksus ls yksxksa ds mPpkj.k esa varj iM+ tkrk gSA blh izdkj
lH;rk dh mUufr ds dkj.k u,&u, fopkjksa ds fy, u,&u, 'kCn cukus iM+rs
gSa( ftlls Hkk"kk dk 'kCndks'k c<+rk tkrk gSA blds lkFk gh cgqr lh tkfr;k
vour gksrh tkrh gSa vkSj mPp Hkkoksa ds vHkko esa muds okpd 'kCn yqIr gksrs tkrs gSAa
fo}ku~ vkSj xzkeh.k euq";ksa dh Hkk"kk esa dqN varj jgrk gSA fdlh 'kCn
dk tSlk 'kq) mPpkj.k fo}ku~ iafMr djrs gSa] oSlk loZlkkkj.k yksx ugha dj ldrsA
blls izkku Hkk"kk fcxM+dj mldh 'kk[kk:i ubZ&ubZ cksfy;k cu tkrh gSAaS fHkUu&fHkUu
nks Hkk"kkvksa ds ikl&ikl cksys tkus ds dkj.k Hkh mu nksuksa ds esy ls ,d ubZ
cksyh mRiUu gks tkrh gSA
Hkk"kkxr fopkj izdV djus esa ,d fopkj ds izk;% dbZ va'k izdV djus
iM+rs gSaA mu lHkh va'kksa ds izdV djus ij ml leLr fopkj dk eryc vPNh
rjg le> esa vkrk gSA izR;sd iwjh ckr dks okD; dgrs gSaA izR;sd okD; esa izk;%
dbZ 'kCn jgrs gSaA izR;sd 'kCn ,d lkFkZd ofu gS tks dbZ ewy ofu;ksa ds ;ksx
ls curh gSA tc ge cksyrs gSa rc 'kCnksa dk mi;ksx djrs gSa vkSj fHkUu&fHkUu
izdkj ds fopkjksa ds fy, fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj ds 'kCnksa dks dke esa ykrs gSaA ;fn
ge 'kCn dk Bhd&Bhd mi;ksx u djsa rks gekjh Hkk"kk esa cM+h xM+cM+h iM+ tk;
vkSj laHkor% dksbZ gekjh ckr u le> ldsA gk] Hkk"kk esa ftu 'kCnksa dk mi;ksx
fd;k tkrk gS( os fdlh u fdlh dkj.k ls dfYir fd, x, gSa] rks Hkh tks 'kCn
ftl oLrq dk lwpd gS mldk blls] izR;{k esa] dksbZ lacak ughaA gk] 'kCnksa us
vius okP; inkFkkZfn dh Hkkouk dks vius esa ckk lk fy;k gS] ftlls 'kCnksa dk
mPpkj.k djrs gh] mu inkFkks dk cksk rRdky gks tkrk gSA dksbZ&dksbZ 'kCn dsoy
vuqdj.kokpd gksrs gSa( ij ftu lkFkZd 'kCnksa ls Hkk"kk curh gS( muds vkxs ;s
'kCn cgqr FkksM+s jgrs gSaA
20 / fganh O;kdj.k More Books at Books.Jakhira.com
tc ge mifLFkr yksxksa ij vius fopkj izdV djrs gSa] rc cgqkk dfFkr Hkk"kk
dke esa ykrs gSa( ij tc gesa vius fopkj nwjorhZ euq"; ds ikl igqpkus dk dke
iM+rk gS( vFkok Hkkoh larfr ds fy, muds laxzg dh vko';drk gksrh gS( rc ge
fyf[kr Hkk"kk dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA fy[kh gqbZ Hkk"kk esa 'kCn dh ,d&,d ewy ofu
dks igpkuus ds fy, ,d&,d fp fu;r dj fy;k tkrk gS] ftls o.kZ dgrs gSaA
ofu dkuksa dk fo"k; gS( ij o.kZ vk[kksa dk] vkSj ofu dk izfrfufk gSA igys igy
dsoy cksyh gqbZ Hkk"kk dk izpkj Fkk] ij ihNs ls fopkjksa dks LFkk;h :i nsus ds fy,
dbZ izdkj dh fyfi;k fudkyh xbA o.kZfyfi fudkyus ds cgqr le; igys rd yksxksa
esa fp=kfyfi dk izpkj Fkk tks vktdy Hkh i`Foh ds dbZ Hkkxksa ds taxyh yksxksa esa
izpfyr gSA felz ds iqjkus [kaMgjksa vkSj xqQkvksa vkfn esa iqjkuh fp=kfyfi ds vusd
uewus ik, x, gSa] vkSj bUgha ls ogk dh o.kZekyk fudyh gSA bl ns'k esa Hkh dgha&dgha
,slh iqjkuh oLrq, feyh gSa ftu ij fp=kfyfi ds fp ekywe iM+rs gSaA dksbZ&dksbZ fo}ku~
;g vuqeku djrs gSa fd izkphu le; ds fp=kys[k ds fdlh&fdlh vo;o ds dqN
y{k.k orZeku o.kks ds vkdkj esa feyrs gSt a l
S s ^g* esa gkFk vkSj ^x* esa xk; ds
vkdkj dk dqN u dqN vuqdj.k ik;k tkrk gSA ftl izdkj fHkUu&fHkUu Hkk"kkvksa
esa ,d gh fopkj ds fy, cgqkk fHkUu&fHkUu 'kCn gksrs gSa( mlh izdkj ,d gh ewy
ofu ds fy, muesa fHkUu&fHkUu v{kj Hkh gksrs gSaA
2 Hkk"kk vkSj O;kdj.k
fdlh Hkk"kk dh jpuk dks ;kuiwoZd ns[kus ls tku iM+rk gS fd mlesa ftrus
'kCnksa dk mi;ksx gksrk gS( os lHkh cgqkk fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj ds fopkj izdV djrs
gSa vkSj vius mi;ksx ds vuqlkj dksbZ vfkd vkSj dksbZ de vko';d gksrs gSaA
fQj] ,d gh fopkj dks dbZ :iksa esa izdV djus ds fy, 'kCnksa ds Hkh dbZ :ikarj
gks tkrs gSaA Hkk"kk esa ;g Hkh ns[kk tkrk gS fd dbZ 'kCn nwljs 'kCnksa ls curs gSa]
vkSj muesa ,d u;k gh vFkZ ik;k tkrk gSA okD; esa 'kCnksa dk mi;ksx fdlh fo'ks"k
e ls gksrk gS vkSj muesa :i vFkok vFkZ ds vuqlkj ijLij lacak jgrk gSA
bl voLFkk esa vko';d gS fd iw.kZrk vkSj Li"VrkiwoZd fopkj izdV djus ds
fy, 'kCnksa ds :iksa rFkk iz;ksxksa esa fLFkjrk vkSj lekurk gksA ftl 'kkL=k esa 'kCnksa
ds 'kq) :i vkSj iz;ksx ds fu;eksa dk fu:i.k gksrk gS mls O;kdj.k dgrs gSaA
O;kdj.k ds fu;e cgqkk fy[kh gqbZ Hkk"kk ds vkkkj ij fuf'pr fd, tkrs gSa(
D;ksafd muesa 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx cksyh gqbZ Hkk"kk dh vis{kk vfkd lkokkuh ls fd;k
tkrk gSA O;kdj.k fo+vk+dj.k 'kCn dk vFkZ ^Hkyh&Hkkfr le>kuk* gSA O;kdj.k
esa os fu;e le>k, tkrs gSa tks f'k"V tuksa ds }kjk Lohr 'kCnksa ds :iksa vkSj
iz;ksxksa esa fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA
More Books at Books.Jakhira.com fganh O;kdj.k / 21
O;kdj.k Hkk"kk ds vkkhu gS vkSj Hkk"kk gh ds vuqlkj cnyrk jgrk gSA
oS;kdj.k dk dke ;g ugha fd og viuh vksj ls u, fu;e cukdj Hkk"kk dks
cny nsA og bruk gh dg ldrk gS fd veqd iz;ksx vfkd 'kq) gS] vFkok
vfkdrk ls fd;k tkrk gS( ij mldh lEefr ekuuk ;k u ekuuk lH; yksxksa
dh bPNk ij fuHkZj gSA O;kdj.k ds lacak esa ;g ckr Lej.k j[kus ;ksX; gS fd
Hkk"kk dks fu;ec) djus ds fy, O;kdj.k ugha cuk;k tkrk] oju~ Hkk"kk igys
cksyh tkrh gS] vkSj mlds vkkkj ij O;kdj.k dh mRifk gksrh gSA O;kdj.k vkSj
NUn'kkL=k fuekZ.k djus ds cjlksa igys ls Hkk"kk cksyh tkrh gS vkSj dfork jph
tkrh gSA
3 O;kdj.k dh lhek
yksx cgqkk ;g le>rs gSa fd O;kdj.k i<+dj os 'kq)&'kq) cksyus vkSj fy[kus
dh jhfr lh[k ysrs gSaA ,slk le>uk iw.kZ :i ls Bhd ughaA ;g kkj.kk vfkdka'k
esa e`r vizpfyr Hkk"kkvksa ds lacak esa Bhd dgh tk ldrh gS ftuds v;;u
esa O;kdj.k ls cgqr dqN lgk;rk feyrh gSA ;g lp gS fd 'kCnksa dh cukoV
vkSj muds lacak dh [kkst esa Hkk"kk ds iz;ksx esa 'kq)rk vk tkrh gS( ij ;g ckr
xkS.k gSA O;kdj.k u i<+dj Hkh yksx 'kq)&'kq) cksyuk vkSj fy[kuk lh[k ldrs
gSaA dbZ vPNs ys[kd O;kdj.k ugha tkurss vFkok O;kdj.k tkudj Hkh ys[k fy[kus
esa mldk fo'ks"k mi;ksx ugha djrsA mUgksaus viuh ekr`Hkk"kk dk fy[kuk vH;kl
ls lh[kk gSA f'kf{kr yksxksa ds yM+ds fcuk O;kdj.k tkus 'kq) Hkk"kk lqudj gh
'kq) cksyuk lh[k ysrs gSa( ij vf'kf{kr yksxksa ds yM+ds O;kdj.k i<+ ysus ij Hkh
izk;% v'kq) gh cksyrs gSaA ;fn NksVk yM+dk dksbZ okD; 'kq) ugha cksy ldrk
rks mldh ek mls O;kdj.k dk fu;e ugha le>krh] oju~ 'kq) okD; crk nsrh
gS vkSj yM+dk oSlk gh cksyus yxrk gSA
dsoy O;kdj.k i<+us ls euq"; vPNk ys[kd ;k oDrk ugha gks ldrkA fopkjksa
dh lR;rk vFkok vlR;rk ls Hkh O;kdj.k dk dksbZ lacak ughaA Hkk"kk esa O;kdj.k
dh Hkwy u gksus ij Hkh fopkjksa dh Hkwy gks ldrh gS vkSj jkspdrk dk vHkko
jg ldrk gSA O;kdj.k dh lgk;rk ls ge dsoy 'kCnksa dk 'kq) iz;ksx tkudj
vius fopkj Li"Vrk ls izdV dj ldrs gSa ftlls fdlh Hkh fopkjoku~ euq";
dks muds le>us esa dfBukbZ vFkok lUnsg u gksA
4 O;kdj.k ls ykHk
;gk vc ;g iz'u gks ldrk gS fd ;fn Hkk"kk O;kdj.k ds vkfJr ugha
vkSj ;fn O;kdj.k dh lgk;rk ikdj gekjh Hkk"kk 'kq)] jkspd vkSj izkekf.kd
22 / fganh O;kdj.k More Books at Books.Jakhira.com
ugha gks ldrh( rks mldk fuekZ.k djus vkSj mls i<+us ls D;k ykHk\ dqN yksxksa
dk ;g Hkh vk{ksi gS fd O;kdj.k ,d 'kq"d vkSj fu#i;ksxh fo"k; gSA bu iz'uksa
dk mkj ;g gS fd Hkk"kk ls O;kdj.k dk izk;% ogh lacak gS] tks izkfrd fodkjksa
ls foKku dk gSA oSKkfud yksx ;kuiwoZd l`f"Ve dk fujh{k.k djrs gSa vkSj
ftu fu;eksa dk izHkko os izkfrd fodkjksa esa ns[krs gSa] mUgha dks cgqkk fl)karor~
xzg.k dj ysrs gSaA ftl izdkj lalkj esa dksbZ Hkh izkfrd ?kVuk fu;e&fo#) ugha
gksrh( mlh izdkj Hkk"kk Hkh fu;e&fo#) ugha cksyh tkrhA oS;kdj.k bUgha fu;eksa
dk irk yxkdj fl)kar fLFkj djrs gSaA O;kdj.k esa Hkk"kk dh jpuk] 'kCnksa dh
O;qRifk] vkSj Li"VrkiwoZd fopkj izxV djus ds fy,] mudk 'kq) iz;ksx crk;k
tkrk gS] ftudks tkudj ge Hkk"kk ds fu;e tku ldrs gSa( vkSj mu Hkwyksa dk
dkj.k le> ldrs gSa] tks dHkh&dHkh fu;eksa dk Kku u gksus ds dkj.k vFkok
vlkokkuh ls] cksyus ;k fy[kus esa gks tkrh gSA fdlh Hkk"kk dk iw.kZ Kku gksus
ds fy, mldk O;kdj.k tkuuk Hkh vko';d gSA dHkh&dHkh rks dfBu vFkok
lafnXk Hkk"kk dk vFkZ dsoy O;kdj.k dh lgk;rk ls gh tkuk tk ldrk gSA blds
flok O;kdj.k ds Kku ls fons'kh Hkk"kk lh[kuk Hkh cgqkk lgt gks tkrk gSA
dksbZ&dksbZ oS;kdj.k O;kdj.k dks 'kkL=k ekurs gSa vkSj dksbZ&dksbZ mls dsoy
dyk le>rs gSa( ij ;FkkFkZ esa mldk lekos'k nksuksa Hksnksa esa gksrk gSA 'kkL=k ls
gesa fdlh fo"k; dk Kku fofkiwoZd gksrk gS vkSj dyk ls ge ml fo"k; dk mi;ksx
lh[krs gSaA O;kdj.k dks 'kkL=k blfy, dgrs gSa fd mlds }kjk ge Hkk"kk ds mu
fu;eksa dks [kkst ldrs gSa ftu ij 'kCnksa dk 'kq) iz;ksx voyfEcr gS vkSj og
dyk blfy, gS fd ge 'kq) Hkk"kk cksyus ds fy, mu fu;eksa dk ikyu djrs gSAa
fopkjksa dh 'kq)rk rdZ'kkL=k ds Kku ls vkSj Hkk"kk dh jkspdrk lkfgR;&'kkL=k
ds Kku ls vkrh gSA
fganh O;kdj.k esa izpfyr lkfgfR;d fganh ds :ikarj vkSj jpuk ds cgqtuekU;
fu;eksa dk eiw.kZ laxzg jgrk gSA blesa izlaxo'k izkarh; vkSj izkphu Hkk"kkvksa dk
Hkh ;=k&r=k fopkj fd;k tkrk gS] ij og dsoy xkS.k :i esa vkSj rqyuk dh n`f"V
lsA
5 O;kdj.k ds foHkkx
O;kdj.k Hkk"kklacakh 'kkL=k gS] vkSj tSlk vU;=k i`- 20 ij dgk x;k gS]
Hkk"kk dk eq[; vax okD; gSA okD; 'kCnksa ls curk gS] vkSj 'kCn izk;% ewy ofu;ksa
lsA fy[kh gqbZ Hkk"kk esa ,d ewy ofu ds fy, izk;% ,d fp jgrk gS ftls o.kZ
dgrs gSaA o.kZ] 'kCn vkSj okD; ds fopkj ls O;kdj.k ds eq[; rhu foHkkx gksrs
gSa 1 o.kZfopkj] 2 'kCnlkku vkSj 3 okD;foU;klA
More Books at Books.Jakhira.com fganh O;kdj.k / 23
1 o.kZfopkj O;kdj.k dk og foHkkx gS ftlesa o.kks ds vkdkj] mPpkj.k
vkSj muds esy ls 'kCn cukus ds fu;e fn, tkrs gSaA
2 'kCnlkku O;kdj.k ds ml fokku dks dgrs gSa ftlesa 'kCnksa ds Hksn]
:ikUrj vkSj O;qRifk dk o.kZu jgrk gSA
3 okD;foU;kl O;kdj.k ds ml foHkkx dk uke gS ftlesa okD;ksa ds vo;oksa
dk ijLij lacak crk;k tkrk gS vkSj 'kCnksa ls okD; cukus ds fu;e fn, tkrs gSAa
lw-d
ksb&Z dksbZ ys[kd x| ds leku i| dks Hkk"kk dk ,d Hksn ekudj
O;kdj.k esa mlds vaxN na ] jl vkSj vyadkjdk foospu djrs gSAa ij ;s fo"k;
;FkkFkZ esa lkfgR;'kkL=k ds vax gSa tks Hkk"kk dks jkspd vkSj izHkko'kkfyuh cukus
ds dke vkrs gSaA O;kdj.k ls budk dksbZ lacak ugha gS] blfy, bl iqLrd esa
budk foospu ugha fd;k x;k gSA blh izdkj dgkorsa vkSj eqgkfojs Hkh tks cgqkk
O;kdj.k dh iqLrdksa esa Hkk"kkKku ds fy, fn, tkrs gSa] O;kdj.k ds fo"k; ugha
gSaA dsoy dfork dh Hkk"kk vkSj dkO;Lora=krk dk ijks{k lacak O;kdj.k ls gS]
vr,o ;s fo"k; izLrqr iqLrd ds ifjf'k"V esa fn, tk;xsA
1 vkfne Hkk"kk
fHkUu&fHkUu ns'kksa esa jgus okyh euq"; tkfr;ksa ds vkdkj] LoHkko vkfn dh ijLij
rqyuk djus ls Kkr gksrk gS fd muesa vk'p;Ztud vkSj vn~Hkqr lekurk gSA
fofnr gksrk gS fd l`f"V ds vkfn esa lc euq";ksa ds iwoZt ,d gh FksA os ,d
gh LFkku ij jgrs Fks vkSj ,d gh vkpkj&O;ogkj djrs FksA blh izdkj] ;fn
fHkUu&fHkUu Hkk"kkvksa ds eq[;&eq[; fu;eksa vkSj 'kCnksa dh ijLij rqyuk dh tk;
rks muesa Hkh fofp=k lkn`'; fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA mlls ;g izdV gksrk gS fd ge lcds
iwoZt igys ,d gh Hkk"kk cksyrs FksA ftl izdkj vkfne LFkku ls i`Fkd~ gksdj yksx
tgk&rgk pys x, vkSj fHkUu&fHkUu tkfr;ksa esa foHkDr gks x,( mlh izdkj ml
vkfne Hkk"kk ls Hkh fdruh gh fHkUu fHkUu Hkk"kk, mRiUu gks xbA
dqN fo}kuksa dk vuqeku gS fd euq"; igys&igy ,f'k;k [kaM ds e; Hkkx
esa jgrk FkkA tSls&tSls mldh larfr c<+rh xbZ] e&e ls yksx viuk ewy LFkku
NksM+ vU; ns'kksa esa tk clsA blh izdkj ;g Hkh ,d vuqeku gS fd ukuk izdkj
dh Hkk"kk ,d gh ewy Hkk"kk ls fudyrh gSA ik'pkR; fo}ku~ igys ;g le>rs
Fks fd bczkuh Hkk"kk ls] ftlesa ;gwnh yksxksa ds keZxzaFk gSa] lc Hkk"kk, fudyh gSa]
ijarq mUgsa laLr dk Kku gksus vkSj 'kCnksa ds ewy :iksa dk irk yxus ls ;g Kkr
gqvk gS fd ,d ,slh vkfne Hkk"kk ls] ftldk irk yxuk dfBu gS] lalkj dh
lc Hkk"kk, fudyh gSa vkSj os rhu Hkkxksa esa ckVh tk ldrh gSa
1 vk;ZHkk"kk, bl Hkkx esa laLr] izkr vkSj mlls fudyh gqbZ Hkkjro"kZ
dh izpfyr vk;ZHkk"kk,] vxjsth] Qkjlh] ;wukuh] ySfVu vkfn Hkk"kk,
gSAa
2 'kkeh Hkk"kk, bl Hkkx esa bczkuh] vjch vkSj gC'kh Hkk"kk, gSaA
3 rwjkuh Hkk"kk, bl Hkkx esa eqxyh] phuh] tkikuh] nzkfoM+h nf{k.kh
fganqLrku dh Hkk"kk, vkSj rqdhZ vkfn Hkk"kk, gSaA
1- lu~ 1846 esa nwljh ckj Nih ^inkFkZ fo|klkj* uked iqLrd esa ^fganh Hkk"kk* dk uke vk;k gSA
2- cztHkk"kk ds vksdkjkar :iksa ls feyku djus ij fganh ds vkdkjkar :i ^[kM+s* tku iM+rs gSaA cqansy[kaM
esa bl Hkk"kk dks ^Bk<+h cksyh* ;k ^rqdhZ* dgrs gSaA
3- r#oj ls ,d frfj;k mrjh] mlus [kwc fj>k;kA
cki dk mlds uke tks iwNk] vkkk uke crk;k
vkkk uke firk ij okdk] viuk uke fucksjhA
vehj [kqljks ;ksa dgSa cw> igsyh eksjh
More Books at Books.Jakhira.com fganh O;kdj.k / 35
FksA tc nsgyh ds cktkj esa rqdZ] vQxku vkSj Qkjlokyksa dk laidZ fganqvksa ls
gksus yxk] vkSj os yksx fganh 'kCnksa ds cnys vjch] Qkjlh ds 'kCnksa dks cgqrk;r
ls feykus yxs] rc js[rk us nwljk gh :i kkj.k fd;k] vkSj mldk uke ^mnwZ*
iM+kA ^mnwZ* 'kCn dk vFkZ ^y'dj* gSA 'kkgtgk ds le; esa mnwZ dh cgqr mUufr
gqbZ] ftlls ^[kM+h cksyh* dh mUufr esa ckkk iM+ xbZA
fganh vkSj mnwZ ewy esa ,d gh Hkk"kk gSaA mnwZ fganh dk dsoy eqlyekuh :i
gSA vkt Hkh dbZ 'krd chr tkus ij] bu nksuksa esa fo'ks"k varj ugha( ij buds
vuq;k;h yksx bl ukeek=k ds varj dks o`Fkk gh c<+k jgs gSaA ;fn ge yksx fganh
esa laLr ds vkSj eqlyeku mnwZ esa vjch&Qkjlh ds 'kCn de fy[ksa rks nksuksa Hkk"kkvksa
esa cgqr FkksM+k Hksn jg tk; vkSj laHko gS] fdlh fnu nksuksa leqnk;ksa dh fyfi vkSj
Hkk"kk ,d gks tk;A keZHksn ds dkj.k fiNyh 'krkCnh esa fganh vkSj mnwZ ds izpkjdksa
esa ijLij [khapkrkuh 'kq: gks xbZA eqlyeku fganh ls ?k`.kk djus yxs vkSj fganqvksa
us fganh ds izpkj ij tksj fn;kA ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd fganh esa laLr 'kCn vkSj
mnwZ esa vjch&Qkjlh ds 'kCn fey x, vkSj nksuksa Hkk"kk, fDy"V gks xbA bu fnuksa
dbZ jktuhfrd dkj.kksa ls fganh&mnwZ fookn vkSj Hkh c<+ jgk gS] vkSj ^fganqLrkuh*
ds uke ls ,d f[kpM+h Hkk"kk dh jpuk dh tk jgh gS] tks u 'kq) fganh gksxh
vkSj u 'kq) mnwZA
vkjaHk ls gh mnwZ vkSj fganh esa dbZ ckrksa dk varj Hkh jgk gSA mnwZ Qkjlh
fyfi esa fy[kh tkrh gS vkSj mlesa vjch&Qkjlh 'kCnksa dh fo'ks"k Hkjekj jgrh
gSA bldh okD; jpuk esa cgqkk fo'ks"; fo'ks"k.k ds igys vkrk gS] vkSj dfork
esa Qkjlh ds lacksku dkjd dk :i iz;qDr gksrk gSA fganh ds lacakokpd loZuke
ds cnys mlesa dHkh&dHkh Qkjlh dk lacakokpd loZuke vkrk gSA buds flok
jpuk esa vkSj Hkh nks&,d ckrksa dk varj gS dksbZ&dksbZ mnwZ ys[kd bu fons'kh 'kCnksa
ds fy[kus esa lhek ds ckgj pys tkrs gSaA mnwZ vkSj fganh dh Nan jpuk esa Hkh
Hksn gSA eqlyeku yksx Qkjlh&vjch ds Nanksa dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA fQj muds
lkfgR; esa eqlyekuh bfrgkl vkSj nardFkkvksa ds mYys[k cgqr jgrs gSaA 'ks"k ckrksa
esa nksuksa Hkk"kk, izk;% ,d gSaA
dqN yksx le>rs gSa fd orZeku fganh dh mRifk yYyw th yky us mnwZ dh
lgk;rk ls dh gSA ;g Hkwy gSA ^izselkxj* dh Hkk"kk nksvkc esa igys gh ls cksyh
tkrh FkhA mUgksaus mlh Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx ^izselkxj* esa fd;k vkSj vko';drkuqlkj
mlesa laLr ds 'kCn Hkh feyk,A esjB ds vklikl vkSj mlds dqN mkj esa ;g
Hkk"kk vc Hkh vius fo'kq) :i esa cksyh tkrh gSA ogk bldk ogh :i gS] ftlds
vuqlkj fganh dk O;kdj.k cuk gSA ;|fi bl Hkk"kk dk uke ^mnwZ* ;k ^[kM+h cksyh*
1- bl izdkj ds dbZ 'kCn dbZ lfn;ksa ls Hkk"kk esa izpfyr gSaA dksbZ&dksbZ lkfgR; ds cgqr iqjkus uewuksa
esa Hkh feyrs gSa] ijarq cgqr ls orZeku 'krkCnh esa vk, gSaA ;g Hkjrh vHkh rd tkjh gSA ftl
:i esa ;s 'kCn vkrs gSa] og cgqkk laLr dh izFkek ds ,dopu dk gSA
1- buds flok o.kZekyk esa O;atu vkSj feyk fn, tkrs gS{a k] =k] KA ;s la;Dq r O;atu gSa vkSj
bl izdkj feydj cus gSd a ~ + "k {k] r~ + j =k] t + k KA 21ok vad ns[kksA
2- vuqLokj vkSj folxZ ds uke vkSj mPpkj.k ,d ugha gSaA buds :i vkSj mPpkj.k dh fo'ks"krk
ds dkj.k dbZ oS;kdj.k bUgsa va] v% ds :i esa Lojksa ds lkFk fy[krs gSaA
rhljk v/;k;
o.kks dk mPpkj.k vkSj oxhZdj.k
30- eq[k ds ftl Hkkx ls ftl v{kj dk mPpkj.k gksrk gS] mls ml v{kj
dk LFkku dgrs gSaA
31- LFkku Hksn ls o.kks ds uhps fy[ks vuqlkj oxZ gksrs gSa
daB ftudk mPpkj.k daB ls gksrk gS( vFkkZr~ v] vk] d] [k] x] ?k] ]
g vkSj folxZA
rkyO; ftudk mPpkj.k rkyq ls gksrk gS( vFkkZr~ b] bZ] p] N] t] >] k]
vkSj 'kA
ewkZU; ftudk mPpkj.k ewkkZ ls gksrk gS( vFkkZr~ V] B] M] <] .k] j vkSj "kA
1- fganh esa cgq/kk vuqukfld ds cnys esa Hkh vuqLokj vkrk gS] tSlgs l
ukgaluk] ikpikapA
ns[kks 50ok vad
1- fganh esa ^ek=kk* 'kCn ds nks vFkZ gS,a d Lojksa dk :i ns[kks 9ok vad nwljk dkyekuA
1- foJke
+ vYiizk.k
vuqukfld
vYiizk.k
vYiizk.k
egkizk.k
egkizk.k
egkizk.k
egkizk.k
la;qDr
varLFk
Lo
nh?kZ
daB d [k g x ?k v vk
rkyq p N 'k t > k ; b bZ , ,s
ewkkZ V B "k M < .k j _
nar r Fk l n k u y
vks"B i Q c Hk e o m vks vkS
2 daB+vks"B
1 nar +
2 daB+rkyq
vks"B
LFkku
Qnarks"V~;A
+
ikpok v/;k;
lafk
59- nks fufnZ"V v{kjksa ds ikl&ikl vkus ds dkj.k muds esy ls tks fodkj
gksrk gS] mls lafk dgrs gSaA lafk vkSj la;ksx esa ns- 18ok vad ;g varj gS
fd la;ksx esa v{kj tSls ds rSls jgrs gSa] ijarq lafk esa mPpkj.k ds fu;ekuqlkj
nks v{kjksa ds esy esa mudh txg dksbZ fHkUu v{kj gks tkrk gSA
lw-l fa k dk fo"k; laLr O;kdj.k ls laca k j[krk gSA laLr Hkk"kk esa
inflf)] lekl vkSj okD;ksa esa lafk dk iz;kstu iM+rk gS] ijarq fganh esa lafk ds
fu;eksa ls feys gq, laLr ds tks lkekfld 'kCn vkrs gSa] dsoy mUgha ds lacak
ls bl fo"k; ds fu:i.k dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
60- lafk rhu izdkj dh gS 1 Loj lafk] 2 O;atu lafk vkSj 3 folxZ
lafkA
1- oLrq 'kCn ls ;gk izk.kh] inkFkZ] keZ vkSj muds ijLij lacak dk O;kid vFkZ ysuk pkfg,A
igyk v/;k;
laKk
97- laKk ml fodkjh 'kCn dks dgrs gSa ftlls izr fdaok dfYir l`f"V dh fdlh
oLrq dk uke lwfpr gks] tSl?s kj] vkdk'k] xaxk] nsork] v{kj] cy] tknw bR;kfnA
d bl y{k.k esa ^oLrq* 'kCn dk mi;ksx vR;ar O;kid vFkZ esa fd;k
x;k gSA og dsoy izk.kh vkSj inkFkZ gh dk okpd ugha gS] fdarq muds keks dk
Hkh okpd gSA lkkkj.k Hkk"kk esa ^oLrq* 'kCn dk mi;ksx bl vFkZ esa ugha gksrk]
ijarq 'kkL=kh; xazFkksa esa O;or 'kCnksa dk vFkZ dqN ?kVk&c<+kdj fuf'pr dj ysuk
pkfg, ftlls mlesa dksbZ lansg u jgsA
fV-O;kdj.k esa fn, gq, lc y{k.k rdZlEer jhfr ls fd, gq, ugha tku
iM+rs( blfy, ;gk rdZlEer y{k.kksa ds fo"k; esa la{ksir% dqN dgus dh vko';drk
gSA fdlh Hkh in dk y{k.k dgus esa nks ckrsa crkuh iM+rh gSa 1 ftl tkfr
esa ml in dk lekos'k gksrk gS] og tkfr( vkSj 2 y{; in dk vlkkkj.k keZ]
vFkkZr~ y{; in ds vFkZ dks ml tkfr dh vU; mitkfr;ksa ds vFkZ ls vyx
djus okyk keZA fdlh 'kCn dk vFkZ le>kus ds dbZ mik; gks ldrs gSa] ij mu
lcdks y{k.k ugha dg ldrsA ftl y{k.k esa y{; in Li"V vFkok xqIr jhfr
ls vkrk gS og 'kq) y{k.k ugha gSA blh izdkj ,d 'kCn dk vFkZ nwljs 'kCn ds
}kjk crkuk vFkkZr~ mldk i;kZ;okph 'kCn dguk Hkh ml 'kCn dk y{k.k ughaA
;fn ge laKk dk U;k;ksDr y{k.k dguk pkgsa rks gesa mldh tkfr vkSj vlkkkj.k
keZ crkuk pkfg,A ftl vfkd O;kid oxZ esa laKk dk lekos'k gksrk gS] ogh
mldh tkfr gS] vkSj ml tkfr dh nwljh mitkfr;ksa ls laKk ds vFkZ esa tks fHkUurk
gS] ogh mldk vlkkkj.k keZ gSA laKk dk lekos'k fodkjh 'kCnksa esa gS( blhfy,
^fodkjh 'kCn* laKk dh tkfr gS vkSj ^izr fdaok dfYir l`f"V dh fdlh oLrq
dk uke lwfpr djuk* mldk vlkkkj.k keZ gSA tks fodkjh 'kCn dh mitkfr;ksa]
vFkkZr~ loZuke] fo'ks"k.k vkfn esa ugha ik;k tkrkA blfy, ij dgh gqbZ laKk
nwljk v/;k;
loZuke
113- loZuke ml fodkjh 'kCn dks dgrs gSa tks iwokZij lacak ls fdlh Hkh
laKk ds cnys esa vkrk gS] tSles aS cksyusokyk] rw lquusokyk] ;g fudVorhZ
oLrq] og nwjorhZ oLrq bR;kfnA
fV-fganh ds izk;% lHkh oS;kdj.k loZuke dks laKk dk ,d Hksn ekurs
gSaA laLr esa ^loZ* izkfrifnd ds leku ftu ukeksa laKkvksa dk :ikarj gksrk
gS mudk ,d vyx oxZ ekudj mldk uke ^loZuke* j[kk x;k gSA ^loZuke*
'kCn ,d vkSj vFkZ esa Hkh vk ldrk gSA og ;g gS fd loZ lc ukeksa laKkvksa
ds cnys esa tks 'kCn vkrk gS] mls loZuke dgrs gSaA fganh esa loZuke 'kCn ls
;gh fiNyk vFkZ fy;k tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vuqlkj oS;kdj.k loZuke dks laKk
dk Hksn ekurs gSaA ;FkkFkZ esa loZuke ,d izdkj dk uke vFkkZr~ laKk gh gSA ftl
izdkj laKkvksa ds miHksn O;fDrokpd] tkfrokpd vkSj Hkkookpd gSa] mlh izdkj
loZuke Hkh ,d miHksn gks ldrk gS] ij loZuke esa ,d fo'ks"k foy{k.krk gS] tks
laKk esa ugha ikbZ tkrhA laKk ls lnk mlh oLrq dk cksk gksrk gS] ftldk og
1- tks inkFkZ dsoy <sj ds :i esa ukik&rkSyk tkrk gS] mls nzO; dgrs gSa( tSls vukt] nwk] ?kh] 'kDdj]
lksuk bR;kfnA
1- laLr esa vknjlwpd ^vki* ds vFkZ esa ^Hkoku~* 'kCn vkrk gS( vkSj mldk iz;ksx dsoy vU;
iq#"k ,dopu esa gksrk gS( tSl^s Hkoku~ vfi voSfr* vki Hkh tkurs gSa A
1- ^laca/kokpd loZuke mls dgrs gSa] tks dgh gqbZ laKk ls dqN o.kZu feykrk gSA
1- ^loZuke mls dgrs gSa tks uke ds cnys esa vk;k gksA*
loZukeksa dh O;qRifk
142- fganh ds lc loZuke izkr ds }kjk laLr ls fudys gS(a tSls
laLr izkr fganh
vge~ vEg eSa] ge
Roe rqEg rw] rqe
,"k% ,v ;g] ;s
l% lks lks] og] os
;% tks tks
d% dks dkSu
fde~ fde~ D;k
dksfi dksfo dksbZ
vkReu~ vIi vki
fdafpr~ fdafp dqN
iw.kkdcks- viw.kkdcks-
6 7
;g oxhZdj.k Hkh fcydqy funksZ"k ugha gS] ijarq blesa izk;% lHkh la[;kokpd
fo'ks"k.k vk x, gSa( vkSj :i rFkk vFkZ esa ,d oxZ nwljs ls cgqr feyrk gSA
pkSFkk v/;k;
f;k
187- ftl fodkjh 'kCn ds iz;ksx ls ge fdlh oLrq ds fo"k; esa dqN fokku
djrs gS]a mls f;k dgrs gS(a tSl^s gfj.k Hkkxk*] ^jktk uxj esa vk,*] ^eSa tkxk*]
^?kkl gjh gksrh gS*A igys okD; esa gfj.k ds fo"k; esa ^Hkkxk* 'kCn ds }kjk fokku
fd;k x;k gS blfy, ^Hkkxk* 'kCn f;k gSA blh izdkj nwljs okD; esa ^vk,*]
rhljs okD; esa ^tkxk* vkSj pkSFks okD; esa ^gksrh gS* 'kCn ls fokku fd;k x;k
gS( blfy, ^vk,*] ^tkxk* vkSj ^gksrh gS* 'kCn f;k gSA
188- ftl ewy 'kCn esa fodkj gksus ls f;k curh gS] mls kkrq dgrs gSa(
tSl^s Hkkxk* f;k esa ^vk* izR;; gS] tks ^Hkkx* ewy 'kCn esa yxk gS( blfy, ^Hkkxk*
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 111
f;k dk kkrq ^Hkkx* gSA blh rjg ^vk,* f;k dk kkrq ^vk*] ^tkxk* f;k
dk kkrq ^tk* vkSj ^gksrh gS* f;k dk kkrq ^gks* gSA
v kkrq ds var esa ^uk* tksM+us ls tks 'kCn curk gS mls f;k dk lkkkj.k
:i dgrs gS]a tSl^s Hkkx&uk] vk&uk] tk&uk] gks&uk* bR;kfnA dksbZ dksbZ Hkwy ls
blh lkkkj.k :i dks kkrq dgrs gSaA dks'k esa Hkkx] vk] tk] gks bR;kfn kkrqvksa
ds cnys f;k ds lkkkj.k :i] Hkkxuk] vkuk] tkuk] gksuk bR;kfn fy[kus dh pky gSA
vk f;k dk lkkkj.k :i f;k ugha gS( D;ksafd mlds mi;ksx ls ge
fdlh oLrq ds fo"k; esa fokku ugha dj ldrs gSA fofkdky ds :i dks NksM+dj
f;k ds lkkkj.k :i dk iz;ksx laKk ds leku gksrkA dksbZ dksbZ bls f;kFkZd
laKk dgrs gSa( ;g f;kFkZd laKk Hkkookpd laKk ds varxZr gSA mnkgj.k^i<+uk
,d xq.k gSA* ^eSa i<+uk lh[krk gwA* ^Nqh esa viuk ikB i<+ukA* vafre okD;
esa ^i<+uk* f;k fofkdky esa gSA
b dbZ ,d kkrqvksa dk iz;ksx Hkh Hkkookpd laKk ds leku gksrk gS( tSl^ s ge
ukp ugha ns[krsA* ^vkt ?kksM+ksa dh nkSM+ gqbZA* ^rqEgkjh tkp Bhd ugha fudyhA*
bZ fdlh oLrq ds fo"k; esa fokku djusokys 'kCnksa dks f;k blfy, dgrs
gSa fd vfkdka'k kkrq ftuls ;s 'kCn curs gS]a f;kokpd gS(a tSlis <+] fy[k]
mB] cSB] py] Qsd a ] dkV bR;kfn( dksbZ dksbZ kkrq fLFkfrn'kZd gS(a tSlls ks] fxj]
ej] gks bR;kfn vkSj dksbZ dksbZ fodkjn'kZd gS(a tSlcs u] fn[k] fudy bR;kfnA
Vh-f;k ds tks y{k.k fganh O;kdj.kksa esa fn, x, gS]a muesa ls izk;% lHkh
y{k.kksa esa f;k ds vFkZ dk fopkj fd;k x;k gS( tSl^s f;k dke dks dgrs gSAa
vFkkZr~ ftl 'kCn ls djus vFkok gksus dk vFkZ fdlh dky] iq#"k vkSj opu ds
lkFk ik;k tk;A* Hkk"kkizHkkdjA O;kdj.k esa 'kCnksa ds y{k.k vkSj oxhZdj.k ds
fy, muds :i vkSj iz;ksx ds lkFk dHkh dHkh vFkZ dk Hkh fopkj fd;k tkrk
gS( ijarq dsoy vFkZ ds vuqlkj y{k.k djus ls foospu esa xM+cM+h gksrh gSA ;fn
f;k ds y{k.k esa dsoy ^djuk* ;k ^gksuk* dk fopkj fd;k tk; rks ^tkuk*] ^tkrk
gqvk*] ^tkusokyk* vkfn 'kCnksa dks Hkh ^f;k* dguk iM+sxkA Hkk"kkizHkkdj esa fn,
gq, y{k.k esa tks dky] iq#"k vkSj opu dh fo'ks"krk crkbZ xbZ gS] og f;k dk
vlkkkj.k keZ ugha gS vkSj og y{k.k ,d izdkj dk o.kZu gSA
f;k dk tks y{k.k ;gk fy[kk x;k gS ml ij Hkh ;g vk{ksi gks ldrk
gS fd dksbZ dksbZ f;k, vdsyh fokku ugha dj ldrhat lS ^s jktk n;kyq gSA*
^i{kh ?kksalys cukrs gSaA* bu mnkgj.kksa esa ^gS* vkSj ^cukrs gSa* f;k, vdsyh fokku
ugha dj ldrhaA buds lkFk e'k% ^n;kyq* vkSj ^?kksalys* 'kCn j[kus dh vko';drk
gqbZ gSA bl vk{ksi dk mkj ;g gS fd bu okD;ksa esa ^gS* vkSj ^cukrs gSa* fokku
djus okys eq[; 'kCn gSa vkSj muds fcuk dke ugha py ldrk pkgs muds lkFk
112 / fganh O;kdj.kMore Books at Books.Jakhira.com
dksbZ 'kCn jgs ;k u jgsA f;k ds lkFk fdlh nwljs 'kCn dk jguk ;k u jguk
mlds vFkZ dh fo'ks"krk gSA
189- kkrq eq[;r% nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa 1 ldeZd vkSj 2 vdeZdA
190- ftl kkrq ls lwfpr gksusokys O;kikj dk Qy drkZ ls fudydj fdlh
nwljh oLrq ij iM+rk gS] mls ldeZd kkrq dgrs gS(a tSl^s flikgh pksj dks idM+rk
gSA* ^ukSdj fpV~Bh yk;kA* igys okD; esa ^idM+rk gS*] f;k ds O;kikj dk Qy
^flikgh* drkZ ls fudydj ^pksj* ij iM+rk gS( blfy, ^idM+rk gS* f;k vFkok
^idM+* kkrq ldeZd gS( nwljs okD; esa ^yk;k* f;k vFkok ^yk* kkrq ldeZd
gS] D;ksafd mldk Qy ^ukSdj* drkZ ls fudydj ^fpV~Bh* deZ ij iM+rk gSA
v drkZ dk vFkZ ^djusokyk* gSA f;k ds O;kikj dks djusokyk izk.kh
ok inkFkZ ^drkZ* dgykrk gSA ftl 'kCn ls bl djusokys dk cksk gksrk gS] mls
Hkh O;kdj.k esa ^drkZ* dgrs gSa] ij ;FkkFkZ esa 'kCn drkZ ugha gks ldrkA 'kCn
dks drkZdkjd vFkok drZ`in dguk pkfg,A ftu f;kvksa ls fLFkfr ok fo"k;
dk cksk gksrk gS mudk drkZ og inkFkZ gS ftldh fLFkfr ok fodkj ds fo"k;
esa fokku fd;k tkrk gS] tSl^s L=kh prqj gSA* ^ ea=kh jktk gks x;kA*
vk kkrq ls lwfpr gksusokys O;kikj dk Qy drkZ ls fudydj ftl oLrq
ij iM+rk gS] mls deZ dgrs gS(a tSl^s flikgh pksj dks idM+rk gSA* ^ukSdj fpV~Bh
yk;kA* igys okD; esa idM+rk gS* f;k dk Qy drkZ ls fudydj pksj ij iM+rk
gS] blfy, ^pksj* deZ gSA nwljs okD; esa ^yk;k* f;k dk Qy fpV~Bh ij iM+rk
gS( blfy, ^fpV~Bh* deZ gSA ^ldeZd* dk vFkZ gS ^deZ ds lfgr* vkSj deZ ds
lkFk vkus gh ls f;k ^ldeZd* dgykrh gSA
191- ftl kkrq ls lwfpr gksusokyk O;kikj vkSj mldk Qy drkZ gh ij
iM+s mls vdeZd kkrq dgrs gS(a tSl^s xkM+h pyhA* ^yM+dk lksrk gSA* igys okD;
esa ^pyh* f;k dk O;kikj vkSj mldk Qy ^xkM+h* drkZ gh ij iM+rk gS( blfy,
^pyh* f;k vdeZd gSA nwljs okD; esa ^lksrk gS* f;k Hkh vdeZd gS] D;ksafd
mldk O;kikj vkSj Qy ^yM+dk* drkZ gh ij iM+rk gSA ^vdeZd* 'kCn dk vFkZ
^deZjfgr* vkSj deZ ds u gksus ls f;k ^vdeZd* dgkrh gSA
v ^yM+dk vius dks lqkkj jgk gSb l okD; esa ;|fi f;k ds O;kikj
dk Qy drkZ gh ij iM+rk gS] rFkkfi ^lqkkj jgk gS* f;k ldeZd gS( D;ksafd
bl f;k ds drkZ vkSj deZ ,d gh O;fDr ds okpd gksus ij Hkh vyx vyx
'kCn gSaA bl okD; esa ^yM+dk* drkZ vkSj ^vius dks* deZ gS] ;|fi ;s nksuksa 'kCn
,d gh O;fDr ds okpd gSaA
192- dksbZ dksbZ kkrq iz;ksx ds vuqlkj ldeZd vkSj vdeZd nksuksa gksrs
gS(a tSl[s kqtykuk] Hkjuk] ytkuk] Hkwyuk] cnyuk] ,sBa uk] yypkuk] ?kcjkuk
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 113
bR;kfnA mnkgj.k^esjs gkFk [kqtykrs gSaA* v- 'kdq-A ^mldk cnu [kqtykdj
mldh lsok djus esa mlus dksbZ dlj ugha dhA* l-A j?kq-A ^[ksy rek'ks dh
phtsa ns[kdj Hkksys Hkkys vknfe;ksa dk th yypkrk gS* vA ijh-A ^czkbV vius
vlckc dh [kjhnkjh ds fy, enueksgu dks yypkrk gS l-A rFkk ^cwn&cwn djds
rkykc Hkjrk gS* v-A dgk-A ^I;kjh us vk[ksa Hkj ds dgk* l-A 'kdq- budks
mHk;fok kkrq dgrs gSaA
193- tc ldeZd f;k ds O;kikj dk Qy fdlh fo'ks"k inkFkZ ij u iM+dj
lHkh inkFkks ij iM+rk gS] rc mldk deZ izdV djus dh vko';drk ugha gksrh(
tSl^s bZ'oj dh ik ls cgjk lqurk gS vkSj xwxk cksyrk gSA* ^bl ikB'kkyk esa
fdrus yM+ds i<+rs gSa\*
194- dqN vdeZd kkrq ,sls gSa] ftudk vk'k; dHkh dHkh vdsys drkZ ls
iw.kZr;k izdV ugha gksrkA drkZ ds fo"k; esa iw.kZ fokku gksus ds fy, bu kkrqvksa
ds lkFk dksbZ laKk ;k fo'ks"k.k vkrk gSA bu f;kvksa dks viw.kZ vdeZd f;k
dgrs gSa vkSj tks 'kCn budk vk'k; iwjk djus ds fy, vkrs gSa mUgsa iwfrZ dgrs
gSaA ^gksrk*] ^jguk*] ^cuuk*] ^fn[kkuk*] ^fudyuk*] ^Bgjuk* bR;kfn viw.kZ f;k,
gSAa mnkgj.k^yM+dk prqj gSA* ^lkkq pksj fudykA* ^ukSdj chekj jgkA ^vki
esjs fe=k BgjsA* ^;g euq"; fons'kh fn[krk gSA* bu okD;ksa esa ^prqj*] ^pksj*] ^chekj*
vkfn 'kCn iwfrZ gSaA
v inkFkks ds LokHkkfod keZ vkSj izfr ds fu;eksa dks izdV djus ds
fy, cgqkk ^gS* ;k ^gksrk gS* f;k ds lkFk laKk ;k fo'ks"k.k dk mi;ksx fd;k
tkrk gS( tSl^s lksuk Hkkjh kkrq gSA* ^?kksM+k pkSik;k gSA* ^pknh lQsn gksrh gSA*
^gkFkh ds dku cM+s gksrs gSaA*
vk viw.kZ f;kvksa ls lkkkj.k vFkZ esa iwjk vk'k; Hkh ik;k tkrk gS(
tSl^s bZ'oj gS*a ] ^lcsjk gqvk*] ^lwjt fudyk*] ^xkM+h fn[kkbZ nsrh gS* bR;kfnA
b ldeZd f;k, Hkh ,d izdkj dh viw.kZ f;k, gSa( D;ksafd muls deZ
ds fcuk iwjk vk'k; ugha ik;k tkrkA rFkkfi viw.kZ vdeZd vkSj ldeZd f;kvksa
esa ;g varj gS fd viw.kZ f;k dh iwfrZ ls mlds drkZ gh dh fLFkfr ok fodkj
lwfpr gksrk gS vkSj ldeZd f;k dh iwfrZ deZ drkZ ls fHkUu gksrh gS( tSl^s eU=kh
jktk cu x;k*] ^eU=kh us jktk dks cqyk;kA* ldeZd f;k dh iwfrZ deZ dks
cgqkk iwjd dgrs gSaA
195- nsuk] crykuk] dguk] lqukuk vkSj bUgha vFkks ds nwljs dbZ ldeZd
kkrqvksa ds lkFk nks&nks deZ jgrs gSaA ,d deZ ls cgqkk inkFkZ dk cksk gksrk gS
vkSj mls eq[; deZ dgrs gSa] vkSj nwljk deZ tks cgqkk izkf.kokpd gksrk gS] xkS.k
deZ dgykrk gS( tSl^s xq# us f'k"; dks xkS.k deZ iksFkh eq[; deZ nhA* ^eSa
rqEgsa mik; crykrk gw* bR;kfnA
igyk v/;k;
f;k fo'ks"k.k
211- ftl vO;; ls f;k dh dksbZ fo'ks"krk tkuh tkrh gS] mls f;kfo'ks"k.k
dgrs gS]a tSl;s gk] tYnh] khjs] vHkh] cgqr] de bR;kfnA
lw-^ fo'ks"krk* 'kCn ls LFkku] dky] jhfr vkSj ifjek.k dk vfHkizk; gS
1 f;kfo'ks"k.k dks vO;; vfodkjh dgus esa nks 'kadk, gks ldrh gSa
d dqN foHkDR;ar 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx f;kfo'ks"k.k ds leku gksrk gS]
tSl^s var es*a ] ^brus ij*] ^;ku ls*] ^jkr dks* bR;kfnA [k dbZ ,d f;kfo'ks"k.kksa
esa foHkfDr;ksa ds }kjk :ikarj gksrk gS] tSl^s ;gk dk*] ^dc ls*] ^vkxs dk*] ^fdkj
ls* bR;kfnA
buesa ls igyh 'kadk dk mkj ;g gS fd ;fn dqN foHkDR;ar 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx
f;kfo'ks"k.k ds leku gksrk gS] rks blls ;g ckr fl) ugha gksrh fd f;kfo'ks"k.k
vO;; ugha gksrsA fQj foHkDR;ar 'kCnksa ds vkxs dksbZ nwljk fodkj Hkh ugha gksrk
blls budks Hkh vO;; ekuus esa dksbZ ckkk ugha gSA laLr esa Hkh dqN foHkDR;ar
'kCn tSlls R;e~] lq[ksu] cykr~ f;kfo'ks"k.k ds leku mi;ksx esa vkrs gSa vkSj
vO;; ekus tkrs gSAa fganh esa Hkh dksbZ ,d 'kCn tSlv s kxs] ihNs] lkeus] lcsjs
bR;kfn ftUgsa f;kfo'ks"k.k vkSj vO;; ekuus esa fdlh dks 'kadk ugha gksrhA ;FkkFkZ
esa foHkDR;ar laKk, gSa] ijarq muds izR;;ksa dk yksi gks x;k gSA nwljh 'kadk dk
lekkku ;g gS fd ftu f;kfo'ks"k.kksa esa foHkfDr dk ;ksx gksrk gS] mudh la[;k
cgqr FkksM+h gSA muesa dqN rks loZukeksa ls cus gSa vkSj dqN laKk, gSa] tks vfkdj.k
dh foHkfDr dk yksi gks tkus ls f;kfo'ks"k.k ds leku mi;ksx esa vkrh gSaA fQj
muesa Hkh dsoy laiznku] viknku] lacak vkSj vfkdj.k dh ,dopu foHkfDr;ksa
dk gh ;ksx gksrk gS] tSlbs kj ls mkj dks] bkj dk ;gk ij bR;kfnA blfy,
bu mnkgj.kksa dks viokn ekudj f;kfo'ks"k.kksa dks vO;; ekuus esa dksbZ nks"k
ugha gSA
nwljk v/;k;
lacaklwpd
229- tks vO;; laKk vFkok laKk ds leku mi;ksx esa vkusokys 'kCn
ds cgqkk ihNs vkdj mldk lacak okD; ds fdlh nwljs 'kCn ds lkFk feykrk
gS mls laca klwpd dgrs gS(a tSl^s ku ds fcuk fdlh dk dke ugha pyrk* ukSdj
xko rd x;k*] ^jkr Hkj tkxuk vPNk ugha gksrk*( bu okD;ksa esa ^fcuk*] ^rd*]
^Hkj* lacaklwpd gSaA ^fcuk* 'kCn ^ku* laKk dk lacak ^pyrk* f;k ls feykrk
gSA ^rd* ^xko* dk lacak ^x;k* ls feykrk gS( vkSj ^Hkj* jkr dk lacak ^tkxrk*
f;kFkZd laKk ds lkFk tksM+rk gSA
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 135
lw-f oHkfDr;ksa vkSj FkksMs+ ls vO;;ksa dks NksM+ fganh esa ewy laca klwpd dksbZ
ugha gS] ftlls dksb&Z dksbZ oS;kdj.k fganh esa og 'kCnHksn gh ugha ekursA ^laca klwpd*
'kCnHksn ds fo"k; esa bl v;k; ds var esa fopkj fd;k tk;xkA ;gk dsoy bruk
fy[kk tkrk gS fd ftu vO;;ksa dks lqHkhrs ds fy, lacaklwpd ekurs gSa] muesa
ls vfkdka'k laKk, gSa] tks viuh foHkfDr;ksa dk yksi gks tkus ls vO;; ds leku
iz;ksx esa vkrh gSaA
230- dksbZ&dksbZ dkyokpd vkSj LFkkuokpd vO;; f;kfo'ks"k.k Hkh gksrs
gSa vkSj lacaklwpd HkhA tc os Lora=k :i ls f;k dh fo'ks"krk crkrs gSa rc
mUgsa f;kfo'ks"k.k dgrs gSa( ijarq tc mudk iz;ksx laKk ds lkFk gksrk gS] rc
lac/a klwpd dgykrs gS(a tSls
ukSdj ;gk jgrk gSA f;kfo'ks"k.kA
ukSdj ekfyd ds ;gk jgrk gSA lacaklwpdA
og dke igys djuk pkfg,A f-fo-A
;g dke tkus ls igys djuk pkfg,A la- lw-A
231- iz;ksx ds vuqlkj laca klwpd nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa 1 lac)] 2
vuqc)A
232- d lEc) laca klwpd laKkvksa dh foHkfDr;ksa ds ihNs vkrs gS]a tSls
ku ds fcuk] uj dh ukb] iwtk ls igys bR;kfnA
lw-l ca a klwpd vO;;ksa ds iwoZ foHkfDr;ksa ds vkus ds dkj.k ;g tku
iM+rk gS fd laLr esa Hkh dqN vO;; laKkvksa dh vyx&vyx foHkfDr;ksa ds
ihNs vkrs gS]a tSlns hu izfr nhu ds izfr( ;Rua; Rusu&;Rukr~ fcuk ;Ru ds
fcuk jkes.k lg jke ds lkFk] o`{kL;ksifj o`{k ds ij bR;kfnA bu vyx&vyx
foHkfDr;ksa ds cnys fganh esa cgqkk lacakdkjd dh foHkfDr;k Hkh vkrh gSaA
[k vuqc) laca klwpd laKk ds for :i ns-3 08 ds lkFk vkrs gS(a
tSlfs dukjs rd] lf[k;ksa lfgr] dVksjs Hkj] iq=kksa lesr] yM+ds ljh[kk bR;kfnA
x us] dks] ls] dk] ds] dh] esa dkjd fp vuqc) lacaklwpd gSa ijarq
uhps fn, x, dkj.kksa ls bUgsa laca klwpdksa esa ugha ekurs
v buesa ls izk;% lHkh laLr ds foHkfDr izR;;ksa ds viHkza'k gSaA blfy,
fganh esa Hkh ;s izR;; ekus tkrs gSaA
vk ;s Lora=k 'kCn u gksus ds dkj.k vFkZghu gSa] ijarq nwljs lacaklwpd
cgqkk Lora=k 'kCn gksus ds dkj.k lkFkZd gSaA
b budks lacaklwpd ekuus ls laKkvksa dh izpfyr dkjdjpuk dh jhfr
esa gsjQsj djuk iM+sxk] ftlls foospu esa vO;oLFkk mRiUu gksxhA
233- lac) laca klwpdksa ds igys cgqkk ^ds* foHkfDr vkrh gS( tSls ku
136 / fganh O;kdj.kMore Books at Books.Jakhira.com
ds fy,] Hkw[k ds ekjs] Lokeh ds fo#)] muds ikl bR;kfnA
v uhps fy, vO;;ksa ds igys L=khfyax ds dkj.k ^dh* vkrh gSv is{kk
vkSj] txg] ukb] [kkfrj] rjg] rjQ] ekjQr] cnkSyr bR;kfnA
lw-t c ^vksj* rjQ ds lkFk la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k vkrk gS] rc ^dh*
ds cnys ^ds* iz;ksx gksrk gS( tSl^s uxj ds pkjksa vksj rjQA* ds cnys ^ds*
dk iz;ksx gksrk gS( tSl^s uxj ds pkjksa vksj rjQA*
vk vkdkjkar lacaklwpdksa dk :i fo'ks"; ds fyax vkSj opu ds vuqlkj
cnyrk gS vkSj muds lkFk ;Fkk;ksX; dk] ds] dh vFkok for :i vkrk gS( tSls
izokg mUgsa rkykc dk tSlk :i ns nsrk gSA* lj-A ^fctyh dh lh ped] ^flag
ds ls xq.kA* HkkjrA ^gfj'panz ,slk ifrA* lR;-A ^Hkkst ljh[ks jktkA* bfr-A
234- vkxs] ihNs] rys] fcuk vkfn dbZ ,d lacaklwpd dHkh&dHkh fcuk
foHkfDr ds vkrs gS(a tSlis ko rys] ihB ihNs] dqN vkxs] 'kdarq yk fcukA 'kdq-A
v dfork esa cgqkk iwoksDZ r foHkfDr;ksa dk yksi gksrk gS( tSl^s ekrq lehi
dgr ldqpkghaA* jke-A lHkk e; d- d-A firk ikl lj-A rst lEeq[k Hkkjr-A
vk lk] ,slk vkSj tSlk ds igys tc foHkfDr ugha vkrh] rc muds vFkZ
esa cgqkk varj iM+ tkrk gS( tSl^s jkepanz ls iq=k* vkSj ^jkepanz ds ls iq=kA* igys
okD;ka'k esa ^ls* jkepanz* vkSj ^iq=k* dk ,dkFkZ lwfpr djrk gS( ij nwljs okD;ka'k
esa mlls nksuksa dk fHkUukFkZ lwfpr gksrk gSA
lw-b u lkn`';okpd laca klwpdksa dk fo'ks"k fopkj blh v;k; ds var
esa fd;k tk;xkA
235- ^ijs vkSj ^jfgr* ds igys ^ls* vkrk gSA ^igys*] ^ihNs*] ^vkxs*] vkSj
^ckgj* ds lkFk ^ls* fodYi ls yk;k tkrk gSA tSlls e; ls ok le; ds igys]
lsuk ds ok lsuk ls ihNs] tkfr ls ok tkfr ds ckgj bR;kfnA
236- ^ekjs*] ^fcuk* vkSj ^flok* dHkh&dHkh laKk ds igys vkrs gS(a tSls
ekjs Hkw[k ds] flok HkDrksa ds] fcuk gok ds bR;kfnA ^fcuk*] ^vuqlkj* vkSj ihNs
cgqkk Hkwrdkfyd nar ds for :i esa vkxs fcuk foHkfDr ds vkrs gS(a tSls
czk.k dk _.k fn, fcukA* lR;-A ^uhps fy[ks vuqlkj*A ^jks'kuh gq, ihNs* ijh-A
lw-l ca a klwpd dks laKk ds igys fy[kuk mnwZ jpuk dh jhfr gS] ftldk
vuqdj.k dksb&Z dksbZ mnwZ izes h djrs gS(a tSl;s g dke lkFk gksf'k;kjh ds djksA fganh
esa ;g jpuk de gksrh gSA
237- ^;ksX;* yk;d vkSj ^cewftc* cgqkk f;kFkZd laKk ds for :i
ds lkFk vkrs gS(a tSl^s tks inkFkZ ns[kus ;ksX; gSAa * 'kdq-A ^;kn j[kus yk;dA*
lj-A ^fy[kus cewftcA* bfr-A
lw-^ bl*] ^ml*] ^ftl*] vkSj ^fdl* ds lkFk ^fy,* dk iz;ksx laKk ds
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 137
leku gksrk gS( tSlbs lfy,] fdlfy, vkfnA ;s la;Dq r 'kCn cgqkk f;kfo'ks"k.k
ok leqPp;ckskd ds leku vkrs gSaA ,slk gh iz;ksx mnwZ ^okLrs* dk gksrk gSA
238- vFkZ ds vuqlkj lacaklwpdksa dk oxhZdj.k djus dh vko';drk ugha
gS D;ksafd blls dksbZ O;kdj.k lacakh fu;e fl) ughaaA ;gk dsoy Lej.k dh lgk;rk
ds fy, budk oxhZdj.k fn;k tkrk gS
dkyokpd
vkxs] ihNs] ckn] igys] iwoZ] vuarj] i'pkr~ mijkar] yxHkxA
LFkkuokpd
vkxs] ihNs] ij] uhps] rys] lkeus] :c:] ikl] fudV] lehi] utnhd
uxhp] ;gk] chp] ckgj] ijs] nwj] HkhrjA
fn'kkokpd
vksj] rjQ] ikj] vkjikj] vklikl] izfrA
lkkuokpd
}kjk] tfj,] gkFk] ekjQr] cy] djds] tckuh] lgkjsA
gsrqokpd
fy,] fufek] okLrs] gsrq] dfork esa] [kkfrj] dkj.k] lcc] ekjsA
fo"k;okpd
ckcr] fuLcr] fo"k;] uke uked] ys[ks] tku] Hkjksls] e)sA
O;frjsdokpd
flok flok;] vykok] fcuk] cxSj] vfrfjDr] jfgrA
fofue;okpd
iyVs] cnys] txg] ,otA
lkn`';okpd
leku] le dfork esa] rjg] Hkkfr] ukb] cjkcj] rqY;] ;ksX;] yk;d] ln`'k]
vuqlkj] vuq:i] vuqdwy] ns[kkns[kh] ljh[kk] lk] ,slk] tSlk] cewftc] eqrkfcdA
rhljk v/;k;
leqPp;ckskd
242- tks vO;; f;k dh fo'ks"krk u crykdj ,d okD; dk lacak
nwljs okD; ls feykrk gS] mls leqPp;ckskd dgrs gS(a tSlv s kSj] ;fn] rks] D;ksfa d]
blfy,A
^gok pyh vkSj ikuh fxjk*;gk ^vkSj* leqPp;ckskd gS] D;ksfa d og iwoZ
okD; dk lacak mkj okD; ls feykrk gSA dHkh&dHkh leqPp;ckskd ls tksM+s tkusokys
okD; iw.kZr;k Li"V ugha jgrs( tSl^s ".k vkSj cyjke x,A* bl izdkj ds okD;
ns[kus esa ,d gh tku iM+rs gSa] ijarq nksuksa okD;ksa esa f;k ,d gh gksus ds dkj.k
la{ksi ds fy, mldk iz;ksx dsoy ,d gh ckj fd;k x;k gSA ;s nksuksa okD; Li"V
:i ls ;ksa fy[ks tk;x^s ".k x, vkSj cyjke x,A* blfy, ;gk ^vkSj*] nks
okD;ksa dks feykrk gSA ^;fn lw;Z u gks rks dqN Hkh u gks* bfr-A bl mnkgj.k
esa ^;fn* vkSj ^rks* okD; dks tksM+rs gSaA
v dHkh&dHkh dksbZ&dksbZ leqPp;ckskd okD; esa 'kCnksa dks Hkh tksM+rs gSa(
tSl^s nks vkSj nks pkj gksrs gSAa * ;gk ^nks pkj gksrs gSa vkSj nks pkj gksrs gS*a ] ,slk
vFkZ ugha gks ldrk] vFkkZr~ ^vkSj* leqPp;ckskd nks laf{kIr okD;ksa dks ugha feykrk]
fdarq nks 'kCnksa dks feykrk gSA rFkkfi ,slk iz;ksx lc leqP;;ckskdksa esa ugha ik;k
tkrk vkSj ^D;ksafd*] ^;fn*] ^rks*] ^;|fi*] ^rks Hkh* vkfn dbZ leqPp;ckskd dsoy
okD;ksa gh dks tksM+rs gSaA
Vh-leqPp;ckskd dk y{k.k fHkUu&fHkUu O;kdj.kksa esa fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj
dk ik;k tkrk gSA ;gk ge dsoy ^fg-ck-cks- O;kdj.k* esa fn, x, y{k.k ij fopkj
djrs gSAa og y{k.k ;g gS^ tks 'kCn nks inks]a okD;ksa ds va'kksa ds e; esa vkdj
izR;sd in ok okD;ka'k ds fHkUu&fHkUu f;k lfgr vUo; dk la;ksx ;k foHkkx
djrs gS]a mudks leqPp;ckskd vO;; dgrs gS(a tSl^s jke vkSj y{e.k vk,A*
bl y{k.k esa lcls igyk nks"k ;g gS fd bldh Hkk"kk Li"V ugha gSA blesa 'kCnksa
dh ;kstuk ls ;g ugha tku iM+rk fd ^fHkUu&fHkUu* 'kCn ^f;k* dk fo'ks"k.k gS]
vFkok ^vUo;* dkA fQj leqPp;ckskd lnSo nks okD;ksa ds e; gh esa ugha vkrk]
nwljk ifjPNsn
:ikarj
igyk v/;k;
fyax
252- vyx&vyx vFkZ lwfpr djus ds fy, 'kCnksa esa tks fodkj gksrs gSa]
mUgsa :ikarj dgrs gSa ns- vad9 1A
lw-b l Hkkx ds igys rhu v;k;ksa esa laKk ds :ikarjksa dk foospu fd;k
tk;xkA
253- laKk esa fyax( opu vkSj dkjd ds dkj.k :ikarj gksrk gSA
254- laKk ds ftl :i ls oLrq dh iq#"k ok L=kh tkfr dk cksk gksrk
gS] mls fyax dgrs gSAa fganh esa nks fyax gksrs gSa 1 iqfa Yyax 'kq) 'kCn ^iqfa Yyax
ok iqafYyax* gS ij fganh esa blh izdkj fy[kus dk izpkj gS] vkSj 2 L=khfyaxA
Vh-lf` "V dh lai.w kZ oLrqvksa dh eq[; nks tkfr;kp rs u vkSj tM+ gSAa
psru oLrqvksa thokkfj;ksa esa iq#"k vkSj L=kh tkfr dk Hksn gksrk gS] ijarq tM+
inkFkZ esa ;g Hksn ugha gksrkA blfy, laiw.kZ oLrqvksa dh ,d=k rhu tkfr;k gksrh
gSia #q "k] L=kh vkSj tM+A bu rhu tkfr;ksa ds fopkj ls O;kdj.k esa muds lokpd
'kCnksa dks rhu fyaxksa esa ckVrs gSa 1 iqfa Yyax] 2 L=khfyax vkSj 3 uiql
a d fyaxA
vxjsth O;kdj.k esa fyax dk fuekZ.k cgqkk ,slh O;oLFkk ds vuqlkj gksrk gSA
laLr] ejkBh] xqtjkrh vkfn Hkk"kkvksa esa Hkh rhu fyax gksrs gSa] ijarq muesa dqN
tM+ inkFkks dks muds dqN fo'ks"k xq.kksa ds dkj.k lpsru eku fy;k x;k gSA ftu
inkFkks esa dBksjrk] cy] Js"Brk vkfn xq.k fn[krs gSa muesa iq#"kRo dh dYiuk djds
muds okpd 'kCnksa dks iqafYyax] vkSj ftuesa uezrk] dkseyrk] lqanjrk vkfn xq.k
fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa] muesa L=khRo dh dYiuk djds muds okpd 'kCnksa dks L=khfyax dgrs
gSaA 'ks"k vizkf.kokpd 'kCnksa dks cgqkk uiqald fyax dgrs gSaA fganh esa fyax ds
fopkj ls lc tM+ inkFkks dks lpsru ekurs gSa] blfy, blesa uiqald fyax ugha
160 / fganh O;kdj.kMore Books at Books.Jakhira.com
gSA ;g fyax u gksus ds dkj.k fganh dh fyax&O;oLFkk iwoksZ Hkk"kkvksa dh vis{kk
dqN lgt gS( ijarq tM+ inkFkks esa iq#"kRo ok L=khRo dh dYiuk ds fy, dqN 'kCnksa
ds :iksa dks rFkk nwljh Hkk"kkvksa ds 'kCnksa ds ewy fyaxksa dks NksM+dj vkSj dksbZ vkkkj
ugha gSAs
255- ftl laKk ls ;FkkFkZ ok dfYir iq#"kRo dk cksk gksrk gS] mls iqafYyax
dgrs gS(a tSly s M+dk] cSy] isM+] uxj bR;kfnA bu mnkgj.kksa esa ^yM+dk* vkSj ^cSy*
;FkkFkZ iq#"kRo lwfpr djrs gSa vkSj ^isM+* rFkk ^uxj* ls dfYir iq#"kRo dk cksk
gksrk gS] blfy, ;s 'kCn iqaYyx gSaA
256- ftl laKk ls ;FkkFkZ ok dfYir L=khRo dk cksk gksrk gS] mls L=khfyax
dgrs gS(a tSlys M+dh] xk;] yrk] iqjh bR;kfnA bu mnkgj.kksa esa ^yM+dh* vkSj ^xk;*
ls ;FkkFkZ L=khRo dk vkSj ^yrk* rFkk ^iqjh* esa dfYir L=khRo dk cksk gksrk gS(
blfy, ;s 'kCn L=khfyax gSaA
fyax fu.kZ;
257- fganh esa fyax dk iw.kZ fu.kZ; djuk dfBu gSA blds fy, O;kid vkSj
iwjs fu;e ugha cu ldrs] D;ksafd buds fy, Hkk"kk ds fuf'pr O;ogkj dk vkkkj
ugha gSA rFkkfi fganh esa fyaxfu.kZ; nks izdkj ls fd;k tkrk gS 1 'kCn ds vFkZ
ls vkSj 2 mlds :i lsA cgqkk izkf.kokpd 'kCnksa dk fyax vFkZ ds vuqlkj vkSj
vizkf.kokpd 'kCnksa dk fyax :i ds vuqlkj fuf'pr djrs gSaA 'ks"k 'kCnksa dk fyax
dsoy O;ogkj ds vuqlkj ekuk tkrk gS( vkSj blds fy, O;kdj.k ls iw.kZ lgk;rk
ugha fey ldrhA
258- ftu izkf.kokpd laKkvksa ls tksM+s dk Kku gksrk gS] muesa iq#"kokpd
laKk, iqa Yyx vkSj L=khckskd laKk, L=khfyax gksrh gS(a tSlis #q "k] ?kksM+k] eksj] bR;kfn
iqafYyax gSa( vkSj L=kh] ?kksM+h] eksjuh bR;kfn L=khfyax gSaA
vi-^larku* vkSj ^lokjh* ;k=kh L=khfyax gSAa
lw-f 'k"V yksxksa esa L=kh ds fy, ^?kj ds yksx*ifaq Yyax 'kCncksyk tkrk
gSA laLr esa ^nkj* L=kh 'kCn dk iz;ksx iqafYyax] cgqopu esa gksrk gSA
d dbZ ,d euq";srj izkf.kokpd laKkvksa ls nksuksa tkfr;ksa dk cksk gksrk
gS( ij os O;ogkj ds vuqlkj fuR; iqa Yyx ok L=khfyax gksrh gS]a tSls
iq-i {kh] mYyw] dkSvk] HksfM+;k] phrk] [kVey] dspv q k bR;kfnA
L=khphy] dks;y] cVsj] eSuk] fxygjh] tksd a ] frryh] eD[kh] eNyh bR;kfnA
bu 'kCnksa ds iz;ksx esa yksx bl ckr dh fpark ugha djrs fd buds okP;
izk.kh iq#"k gSa ok L=khA bl izdkj ds mnkgj.kksa dks ,dfyax dg ldrs gSaA dgha&dgha
^gkFkh* dks L=khfyax esa cksyrs gSa] ij ;g iz;ksx v'kq) gSA
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 161
[k izkf.k;ksa ds leqnk;okpd uke Hkh O;ogkj ds vuqlkj iqaYyx ok L=khfyax
gksrs gS(a tSls
iq-l ewg] >qMa ] dqVcaq ] la?k] ny] eaMy] bR;kfnA
L=kh-HkhM+] QkSt] lHkk] iztk] ljdkj] Vksyh bR;kfnA
259- fganh esa vizkf.kokpd 'kCnksa dk fyax tkuuk fo'ks"k dfBu gS( D;ksafd
;g ckr vfkdka'k O;ogkj ds vkhu gSA vFkZ vkSj :i nksuksa gh lkkuksa ls bu
'kCnksa dk fyax tkuus esa dfBukbZ gksrh gSA uhps fy[ks mnkgj.kksa esa ;g dfBukbZ
Li"V tku iM+sxhA
v ,d gh vFkZ ds dbZ vyx&vyx 'kCn vyx&vyx fyax ds gS(a tSlus =s k
iq-a vk[k L=kh-] ekxZ iq-a ckV L=kh-A
vk ,d gh var ds dbZ ,d 'kCn vyx&vyx fyaxksa esa vkrs gS(a tSls
dksnksa iqa-] ljlksa L=kh-] [ksr iqa-] nkSM+ L=kh-] vkyw- iqa-] ckyw L=kh-A
b dbZ 'kCnksa dks fHkUu&fHkUu ys[kd fHkUu&fHkUu fyaxksa esa fy[krs gSa(
tSlms ldh ppkZ] L=kh-A ijh-A bldk ppkZ] iq-a A bfr-A lhjh iou] L=kh-
uhy-A iou py jgk Fkk] j?kq-A esjs tku iqa- ijh-A esjh tku esa] L=kh-
xqVdkA
bZ ,d gh 'kCn ,d gh ys[kd dh iqLrdksa esa vyx&vyx fyaxksa esa vkrk
gS(a tSl^s nsg BaMh iM+ xbZ* BsB- i`"B 33( ^mlds lc nsg es*a BsB- i`"B 50A
^fdrus larku gq,* bfr i`-] 1] ^j?kqdwyHkw"k.k dh larku* xqVdk- rh- Hkk-] i`-4A
^cgqr cjlsa gks xb* Lok- i`- 1A ^lok lkS cjl gq,* lj-] Hkkx 15] i`"B 640A
lw-v ra ds nks b vkSj bZ mnkgj.kksa dh fyax fofHkUurk f'k"V iz;ksx ds
vuknj ls vFkok Nkis dh Hkwy ls mRiUu gqbZ gSA
260- fdlh&fdlh oS;kdj.k us vizkf.kokpd laKkvksa ds vFkZ ds vuqlkj
fyaxfu.kZ; djus ds fy, dbZ fu;e cuk, gSaA ij ;s vO;kid vkSj viw.kZ gSaA
vO;kid blfy, fd ,d fu;e esa ftrus mnkgj.k gSa] izk;% mrus gh viokn gSaA
vkSj viw.kZ blfy, fd ;s fu;e FkksM+s gh izdkj ds 'kCnksa ij cus gSa( 'ks"k 'kCn
ds fy, dksbZ fu;e ugha gSA vO;kid vkSj viw.kZ fu;eksa ds dqN mnkgj.k ge
vU;kU; O;kdj.kksa ls ;gk fy[krs gSa
1 uhps fy[ks vizkf.kokpd 'kCn vFkZ ds vuqlkj iqfa Yyax gSa
v 'kjhj ds vo;;ksa ds ukecky] flj] eLrd] rkyw] vksB] nar] eqg ]
dku] xky] gkFk] iko] u[k] jkse bR;kfnA
vioknvk[k] ukd] thHk] tk?k] [kky] ul bR;kfnA
vk kkrqvksa ds ukelksuk] :ik] rkck] ihry] yksgk] lhlk] Vhu] dklk]
bR;kfnA
162 / fganh O;kdj.kMore Books at Books.Jakhira.com
vi-pknh] feV~Vh] kkrq bR;kfnA
b jRuksa ds ukeghjk] eksrh] ekf.kd] ewx k] iUuk bR;kfnA
vi-ef.k] pqUuh] ykyM+h bR;kfnA
bZ isMk+ as ds ukeihiy] cM+] lkxkSu] 'kh'ke] v'kksd bR;kfnA
vi-uhe] tkequ] dpukj bR;kfnA
m vuktksa ds uketkS] xsg]w pkoy] eVj] mM+n] puk] fry bR;kfnA
vi-eDdk] tqvkj] ewx ] vjgj bR;kfnA
nzo inkFkks ds uke?kh] rsy] ikuh] ngh] egh] 'kcZr] fljdk] vrj]
vklo] voysg bR;kfnA
vi-NkN] L;kgh] efl bR;kfnA
_ ty vkSj LFky ds Hkkxksa ds uken's k] uxj] }hi] igkM+] leqn]z ljksoj]
vkdk'k] ikrky] ?kj bR;kfnA
vi-unh] >hy] ?kkVh bR;kfnA
, xzgksa ds ukel;w ]Z pan]z eaxy] cqk] 'kfu] jkgq] dsrq bR;kfnA
vi-iF` ohA
,s o.kZekyk ds v{kjksa ds uke( tSlv s ] vkS] d] i] ;] 'k bR;kfnA
vi-b] bZ] _A
2 vFkZ ds vuqlkj uhps fy[ks 'kCn L=khfyax gSa
v ufn;ksa ds ukexxa k] ;equk] jkIrh] ueZnk] ".kk bR;kfnA
vi-lksu] flakq] cziq=k bR;kfnA
vk frfFk;ksa ds ukeifjok] nwt] rht] pkSFk bR;kfnA
b u{k=kksa ds ukevf'ouh] Hkj.kh] fkdk] jksfg.kh bR;kfnA
bZ fdjkus ds ukeykSxa ] byk;ph] lqikjh] tkfo=kh tk;i=kh] nkyphuh
bR;kfnA
vi-rt s ikr] diwj bR;kfnA
m Hkkstuksa ds ukeijw h] dpkSjh] [khj] nky] jksVh] rjdkjh] f[kpM+h] d<+h
bR;kfnA
vi-Hkkr] jk;rk] gyqvk] eksguHkksx bR;kfnA
vuqdj.kokpd 'kCn] tSl> s d>d] cM+cM+] >a>V bR;kfnA
261- vc laKkvksa ds :i ds vuqlkj fyaxfu.kZ; djus ds dqN fu;e fy,
tkrs gSaA ;s fu;e Hkh viw.kZ gSa] ijarq cgqkk fujiokn gSaA fganh esa laLr vkSj
mnwZ 'kCn Hkh vkrs gSa] blfy, bu Hkk"kkvksa ds 'kCnksa dk vyx&vyx fopkj djus
easa lqfokk gksxhA
nwljk v/;k;
opu
286- laKk vkSj nwljs fodkjh 'kCnksa ds ftl :i ls la[;k dk cks/k gksrk
gS mls opu dgrs gSAa fganh esa nks opu gksrs gSa
1 ,dopu 2 cgqopu
287- laKk ds ftl :i ls ,d gh oLrq dk cksk gksrk gS] mls ,dopu
dgrs gS(a tSly s M+dk] diM+k] Vksih] jax] :iA
288- laKk ds ftl :i ls vfkd oLrqvksa dk cksk gksrk gS mls cgqopu
dgrs gS(a tSly s M+d]s diM+]s Vksfi;k] jaxksa es]a :iksa ls bR;kfnA
v vknj ds fy, Hkh cgqopu vkrk gS( tSl^s jktk ds cM+s csVs vk, gSAa *
^d.o _f"k rks czpkjh gSa* 'kdq-A ^rqe cPps gks* f'ko-A
Vh-fganh ds dbZ ,d O;kdj.kksa esa opu dk foLrkj dkjd ds lkFk fd;k
x;k gS] ftldk dkj.k ;g gS fd cgqr ls 'kCnksa esa cgqopu ds izR;; foHkf;ksa
ds fcuk ugha yxk, tkrsA ^ewy jax rhu gS*a b l okD; esa ^jax 'kCn cgqopu gS]
ij ;g ckr dsoy f;k ls rFkk foks;&fo'ks"k.k ^rhu* ls tkuh tkrh gS] ij Lo;a
^jax* 'kCn esa cgqopu dk dksbZ fp ugha gS D;ksafd ;g 'kCn foHkfjfgr gSA foHkf
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 173
ds ;ksx ls ^jax* 'kCn dk cgqopu :i ^jaxks*a gksrk gS( tSl^s bu jaxksa esa dkSu vPNk
gS\* opu dk fopkj dkjd ds lkFk djus dk nwljk dkj.k ;g gS fd dbZ 'kCnksa
dk foHkfjfgr cgqopu :i foHkflfgr cgqopu :i ls fHkUu gksrk gS( tSl^s ;s
Vksfi;k mu Vksfi;ksa ls NksVh gSaA bl mnkgj.k esa foHkfjfgr cgqopu ^Vksfi;k*
vkSj foHkflfgr cgqopu ^Vksfi;ksa* :i ,d nwljs ls fHkUu gSaA blds flok laLr
esa opu dk fopkj foHkf;ksa gh ds lkFk gksrk gS( blfy, fganh esa Hkh mlh pky
dk vuqdj.k fd;k tkrk gSA
vc ;gk iz'u gS fd tc opu vkSj foHkf;k ,d nwljs ls bl izdkj feyh
gqbZ gSa] rc fganh esa laLr ds vuqlkj gh mudk ,d=k fopkj D;ksa u fd;k tk,\
bl iz'u dk laf{kIr mkj ;g gS fd fganh esa opu vkSj foHkf dk vyx fopkj
vfkdka'k esa lqHkhrs dh n`f"V ls fd;k tkrk gSA laLr esa izkfrifnd laKk dk
ewy :i izFkek foHkf ds ,dopu ls fHkUu jgrk gS vkSj blh izkfrifnd esa
,dopu] f}opu1 vkSj cgqopu ds izR;; tksMs+ tkrs gSa ijarq fganh vkSj ejkBh]
xqtjkrh] vxjsth] vkfn Hkk"kkvksa esa laKk dk ewy :i gh izFkek foHkf drkZ
dkjd esa vkrk gSA blh ewy :i esa izR;; yxkus ls izFkek dk cgqopu curk
gS( tSl?s kksMk+ ? kksM]s+ yM+dh&yM+fd;k vkfnA nwljs foHkflfgr dkjdksa esa cgqopu
dk tks :i gksrk gS og izFkek foHkfjfgr drkZdkjd ds cgqopu :i ls fHkUu
jgrk gS] vkSj ml :i esa bl :i dk dqN dke ugha iM+rk( tSl?s kksM]+s ?kksM+kas
us] ?kksM+ksa dks bR;kfnA blfy, izFkek foHkfjfgr drkZ ds nksuksa opuksa dk fopkj
dkjdksa ls vyx gh djuk iM+sxk] pkgs og opu ds lkFk fd;k tk;] pkgs dkjd
ds lkFkA foHkfjfgr cgqopu dk fopkj bl v;k; esa djus ls ;g lqHkhrk gksxk
fd foHkf;ksa ds dkj.k laKkvksa esa tks fodkj gksrs gSa] os dkjd ds v;k; esa
Li"Vr;k crk, tk ldsaxsA
lw-; gk foHkfjfgr cgqopu ds fu;e lqHkhrs ds fy, fyax ds vuqlkj
vyx&vyx fn, tkrs gSAa
foHkfjfgr cgqopu cukus ds fu;e
1- fganh vkSj laLr 'kCn
d iqaYyx
289- fganh vkdkjkar iqaYyx 'kCnksa dk cgqopu cukus ds fy, vaR; ^vk*
ds LFkku esa ^,* yxkrs gS(a tSls
1- laLr] tsan] vjch] bczkuh] ;wukuh] ySfVu vkfn Hkk"kkvksa esa rhu opu gksrs gSa] 1 ,dopu]
2 f}opu] 3 cgqopuA f}opu ls nks dk vkSj cgqopu ls nks ls vfkd la[;k dk cksk gksrk gSA
rhljk v/;k;
dkjd
304- laKk ;k loZuke ds ftl :i ls mldk lacak okD; ds fdlh nwljs
'kCn ds lkFk izdkf'kr gksrk gS ml :i dks dkjd dgrs gS(a tSl^s jkepant
z h us
[kkjh ty ds leqnz ij canjksa ls iqy ckok fn;k gSA* j?kq-A
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 181
bl okD; esa ^jkepanzth us*] ^leqnz ij*] ^canjksa ls* vkSj ^iqy* laKkvksa ds
:ikarj gSa] ftuds }kjk bu laKkvksa dk lacak ^ckok fn;k* f;k ds lkFk lwfpr
gksrk gSA ^ty ds* ^ty* laKk dk :ikarj gS vkSj mlls ^ty* dk lacak ^leqnz*
ls ekuk tkrk gSA blfy, ^jkepanzth us*] ^leqnz ij*] ^ty ds*] ^canjksa ls* vkSj
^iqy* laKkvksa ds dkjd dgykrs gSaA dkjd lwfpr djus ds fy, laKk ;k loZuke
ds vkxs tks izR;; yxk, tkrs gSa] mUgsa foHkf;k dgrs gSaA foHkf ds ;ksx ls
cus gq, :i foHkDR;ar 'kCn ok in dgykrs gSaA
Vh-ftl vFkZ esa ^dkjd* 'kCn dk iz;ksx laLr O;kdj.kksa esa gksrk gS]
ml vFkZ esa bl 'kCn dk iz;ksx ;gk ugha gqvk gS vkSj u og vFkZ vfkdka'k fganh
O;kdj.kksa esa ekuk x;k gSA dsoy ^Hkk"kkronhfidk* vkSj ^fganh O;kdj.k* esa] ftuds
ys[kd egkjk"Vh gSa] ejkBh O;kdj.k dh :f<+ ds vuqlkj] ^dkjd* vkSj ^foHkf*
'kCnksa dk iz;ksx izk;% laLr ds vuqlkj fd;k x;k gSA laLr esa f;k ds lkFk1
laKk loZuke vkSj fo'ks"k.k ds vUo; lacak dks dkjd dgrs gSa vkSj muds
ftl :i ls ;g vUo; lwfpr gksrk gS] mls foHkf dgrs gSaA foHkf esa tks izR;;
yxk, tkrs gSa] os foHkf izR;; dgykrs gSaA laLr esa lkr foHkf;k vkSj Ng
dkjd ekus tkrs gSaA "k"Bh foHkf dks laLr oS;kdj.k dkjd ugha ekurs] D;ksafd
mldk lacak f;k ls ugha gSA
laLr esa dkjd vkSj foHkf dks vyx ekuus dk lcls cM+k vkSj eq[;
dkj.k ;g gS fd ,d gh foHkf dbZ dkjdksa esa vkrh gSA ;g ckr fganh esa Hkh
gS( tSl?s kj fxjk] fdlku ?kj cukrk gS] ?kj cuk;k tkrk gS] yM+dk ?kj x;kA
bu okD;ksa esa ?kj 'kCn laLr O;kdj.k ds vuqlkj ,d gh :i foHkf esa
vkdj f;k ds lkFk vyx&vyx lacak dkjd lwfpr djrk gSA bl n`f"V ls
dkjd vkSj foHkf vo'; gh vyx&vyx gSa vkSj laLr ljh[kh :ikarj'khy vkSj
iw.kZ Hkk"kk esa budk Hksn ekuuk lgt vkSj mfpr gSA
fganh esa dkjd vkSj foHkf dks ,d ekuus dh pky dnkfpr~ vxjsth O;kdj.k
dk Qy gS] D;ksafd lcls izFke fganh O;kdj.k2 iknjh vkne lkgc us fy[kk FkkA
bl O;kdj.k esa ^dkjd* 'kCn vk;k gS] ijarq ^foHkf* 'kCn dk uke iqLrd Hkj
esa dgha ugha gSA nks&,d ys[kdksa ds fy[kus ij Hkh vkt rd ds fganh O;kdj.kksa
esa dkjd vkSj foHkf dk varj ugha ekuk x;k gSA fganh oS;kdj.kksa ds fopkj
esa bu nksuksa 'kCnksa ds vFkZ dh ,drk ;gk rd fLFkj gks xbZ gS fd O;klth ljh[ks
laLr ds fo}ku~ us Hkh ^Hkk"kkizHkkdj*3 esa foHkf ds cnys ^dkjd* 'kCn dk iz;ksx
1- f;kUof;Roa dkjdRoaA
2- ;g ,d cgqr gh NksVh iqLrd gS vkSj blds izk;% izR;sd i`"B esa Hkk"kk dh fons'kh v'kqf);k ikbZ
tkrh gSaA rFkkfi blesa O;kdj.k ds dbZ 'kq) vkSj mi;ksxh fu;e fn, x, gSaA
3- ;g iqLrd rkj.kiqj ds tehankj ckcw jkepj.kflag dh fy[kh gqbZ gS ijarq bldk la'kksku LoxZoklh
ia- vafcdknk O;kl us fd;k FkkA
182 / fganh O;kdj.kMore Books at Books.Jakhira.com
fd;k gSA gky easa ia- xksfoanukjk;.k feJ us vius ^foHkf fopkj* esa fy[kk gS
fd ^^LoxhZ; ia- nkeksnj 'kkL=kh ls gh] laHko gS fd lcls igys Lojfpr O;kdj.k
esa drkZ] deZ] dj.k vkfn dkjdksa ds iz;ksx dk ;Fkksfpr [kaMu dj izFkek] f}rh;k
vkfn foHkf 'kCn dk iz;ksx muds cnys esa djus ds lkFk gh bldk ;qf;q
izfriknu Hkh fd;k FkkA** bl rjg ls bl cgqr gh iqjkuh Hkwy dks lqkkjus dh
vksj vktdy ys[kdksa dk ;ku gqvk gSA vc gesa ;g ns[kuk pkfg, fd bl Hkwy
dks lqkkjus ls fganh O;kdj.k dks D;k ykHk gks ldrk gSA
fganh esa laKkvksa dh foHkf;ksa :iksa dh la[;k laLr dh vis{kk cgqr
de gS vkSj fodYi ls cgqkk dbZ ,d laKkvksa dh foHkf;ksa dk yksi gks tkrk
gSA laKkvksa dk vis{kk loZukeksa ds :i fganh esa dqN vfkd fuf'pr gSa] ij mlesa
Hkh dbZ 'kCnksa dh izFkek] f}rh;k vkSj r`rh;k foHkf;k cgqkk nks&nks dkjdksa esa
vkrh gSAa fganh laKkvksa dh ,d foHkf dHkh&dHkh pkj dkjdksa esa vkrh gS( tSles js k
gkFk nq[krk gS] mlus esjk gkFk idM+k] ukSdj ds gkFk fpV~Bh Hksth xbZ] fpfM+;k
gkFk u vkbZA bu mnkgj.kksa esa ^gkFk* laKk laLr O;kdj.k ds vuqlkj ,d gh
izFkek foHkf esa gS vkSj og e'k% drkZ] deZ] dj.k vkSj vfkdj.k dkjdksa
esa vkbZ gSA buesa ls drkZ dh foHkf dks NksM+ 'ks"k foHkf;ksa ds v;kr izR;;
ok o ys[kd ds bPNkuqlkj O; Hkh fd, tk ldrs gS(a tSlms lus esjs gkFk
dks idM+k( ukSdj ds gkFk ls fpV~Bh Hksth xbZ] fpfM+;k gkFk esa u vkbZA ,slh voLFkk
esa izk;% ,d gh :i vkSj vFkZ ds 'kCnksa dks dHkh izFkek] dHkh f}rh;k] dHkh r`rh;k
vkSj dHkh lIreh foHkf esa ekuuk iM+sxkA dsoy :i ds vuqlkj foHkf ekuus
ls fganh esa ^izFkek*] ^f}rh;k* vkfn dfYir ukeksa esa Hkh cM+h xM+cM+h gksxhA laLr
esa 'kCnksa ds :i cgqkk fuf'pr vkSj fLFkj gSa] blfy, ftu dkj.kksa ls mlesa dkjd
vkSj foHkf dk Hksn ekuuk mfpr gS] bUgha dkj.kksa ls fganh esa og Hksn ekuuk
dfBu tku iM+rk gSA fganh esa vfkdka'k foHkf;ksa dk :i dsoy vFkZ ls fuf'pr
fd;k tk ldrk gS] D;ksafd :iksa dh la[;k cgqr gh de gS] blfy, bl Hkk"kk
esa foHkf;ksa ds lkFkZd uke drkZ] deZ vkfn gh mi;ksxh tku iM+rs gSaA
fganh ds ftu oS;kdj.kksa us dkjd vkSj foHkf dk varj fganh esa ekuus dh
ps"Vk dh gS] og Hkh budh foospuk lekkkuiwoZd ugha dj lds gSaA ia- ds'kojke
Hk us vius ^fganh* O;kdj.k* esa laKkvksa ds dsoy nks dkjddrkZ vkSj deZ rFkk
ikp :iigyk] nwljk] rhljk vkfn ekus gSAa ^foHkf* 'kCn dk iz;ksx mUgksua s
^izR;;* ds vFkZ esa fd;k gS vkSj vius ekus gq, nksuksa dkjdksa dk y{k.k bl izdkj
crk;k gS^ f;k ds laca k esa laKk dh tks nks fo'ks"k voLFkk, gksrh gS]a mudks
dkjd dgrs gSaA* bl y{k.k ds vuqlkj ftu dj.k laiznku vkfn lacakksa dks laLr
oS;kdj.k ^dkjd* ekurs gSa os Hkh dkjd ugha dgs tk ldrsA rc fQj bu fiNys
[k L=khfyax laKk,
1 vdkjkar
drkZ cfgu cfgusa
cfgu us cfguksa us
deZ cfgu dks cfguksa dks
lacksku gs cfgu gs cfguks
2 vkdkjkar laLr
drkZ 'kkyk 'kkyk,
'kkyk us 'kkykvksa us
deZ 'kkyk dks 'kkykvksa dks
lacksku gs 'kkyk gs 'kkykvks
pkSFkk v/;k;
loZuke
317- laKkvksa ds leku loZukeksa esa opu vkSj dkjd gSa] ijarq fyax ds dkj.k
bldk :i ugha cnyrkA
318- foHkfjfgr drkZ dkjd ds cgqopu esa iq#"kokpd eSa] rw vkSj
fu'p;okpd ;g] og loZukeksa dks NksMd
+ j] 'ks"k loZukeksa dk :ikarj ugha gksrk( tSl s
,dopu cgqopu ,dopu cgqopu
eSa ge vki vki
rw rqe tks tks
;g ;s dkSu dkSu
og os D;k D;k
lks lks dksbZ dksbZ
dqN dqN
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 199
bu mnkgj.kksa ls tku iM+sxk fd ^eSa* vkSj ^rw* dk cgqopu vfu;fer gS(
ijarq ^;g* rFkk ^og* dk fu;fer gSA lacakokpd ^tks* ds leku fuR; lacakh
^lks* dk Hkh] cgqopu esa] :ikarj ugha gksrkA dksbZ&dksbZ ys[kd cgqopu esa ^;g*
vkSj ^og* dk Hkh :ikarj ugha djrs ns- vad 121] 128A ^D;k* vkSj ^dqN* dk
iz;ksx ,dopu gh esa gksrk gSA
319- foHkf ds ;ksx ls vfkdka'k loZuke nksuksa opuksa esa for :i esa
vkrs gSa( ijarq ^dksbZ* vkSj futokpd ^vki* dh dkjdjpuk dsoy ,dopu esa
gksrh gSA ^D;k* vkSj ^dqN* dk dksbZ :ikarj ugha gksrk( mudk iz;ksx dsoy
foHkfjfgr drkZ vkSj deZ esa gksrk gSA
320- ^vki*] ^dksbZ*] ^D;k* vkSj ^dqN* dks NksM+ 'ks"k loZukeksa ds deZ vkSj
laiznku dkjdksa esa ^dks* ds flok ,d vkSj foHkf ,dopu esa ^,* vkSj cgqopu
esa ^,s* vkrh gSA
321- iq#"kokpd loZukeksa ls laacakdkjd dh ^dk ds dh* foHkf;ksa ds cnys
^jk js jh* vkrh gS vkSj futokpd loZuke esa ^uk us uh* foHkf;k yxkbZ tkrh gSAa
322- loZukeksa esa lacksku dkjd ugha gksrk( D;ksafd ftls iqdkjrs ;k fprkrs
gSa] mudk uke ;k miuke dgdj gh ,slk djrs gSaA dHkh&dHkh uke ;kn u vkus
ij vFkok ksk esa ^vjs rw*] ^vjs og* vkfn 'kCn cksys tkrs gSa] ijarq ;s vf'k"V
iz;ksx O;kdj.k esa fopkj djus ds ;ksX; ugha gSaA
323- iq#"kokpd loZukeksa dh dkjdjpuk vkxs nh tkrh gS
mke iq#"k ^eSa*
dkjd ,dopu cgqopu
drkZ eSa ge
eSua s geus
deZ eq>dks] eq>s gedks] gesa
dj.k eq>ls gels
lainz ku eq>dks] eq>s gedks] gesa
viknku eq>ls gels
lacak esjk] js] jh gekjk] js] jh
vfkdj.k eq>esas geesa
e;e iq#"k ^rw*
drkZ rw rqe
rwus rqeus
deZ rq>dks] rq>s rqedks] rqEgsa
200 / fganh O;kdj.kMore Books at Books.Jakhira.com
dj.k rq>ls rqels
lainz ku rq>dks] rq>s rqedks] rqEgsa
viknku rq>ls rqels
lacak rsjk] js] jh rqEgkjk] js jh
vfkdj.k rq>esa rqeesa
v iq#"kokpd loZukeksa dh dkjdjpuk esa cgqr lekurk gSA drkZ vkSj
lacksku dks NksM+ 'ks"k dkjdksa esa ,dopu esa ^eSa* dk for :i ^eq>* vkSj ^rw*
dk ^rq>* gksrk gSA lacakdkjd ds nksuksa opuksa esa ^eSa* dk for :i e'k% ^esa*
vkSj ^gek* vkSj ^rw* dk ^rs* vkSj ^rqEg* gksrk gSA nksuksa loZukeksa esa lacak dkjd
dh jk&js&jh foHkf;k vkrh gSaA foHkflfgr drkZ ds nksuksa opuksa esa vkSj lacak
dkjd dks NksM+ 'ks"k dkjdksa ds cgqopu esa nksuksa dk :i vfor jgrk gSA
vk iq#"kokpd loZukeksa ds foHkfjfgr drkZ ds ,dopu vkSj lacak dkjd
dks NksM+ 'ks"k dkjdksa esa vokkj.k ds fy, ,dopu esa ^bZ* vkSj cgqopu esa ^bZ*
ok ^gh* yxkrs gS(a tSles > q h dk] rq>h ls] geha us] rqEgha ls bR;kfnA
b dfork esa ^esjk* vkSj ^rsjk* ds cnys cgqkk laLr dh "k"Bh ds :i
e'k% ^ee* vkSj ^ro* vkrs gS(a tSl^s djgq lq ee mj kkeA* jke-A ^dgk
xbZ rc xfjek fo'ks"k\* fga- xz-A
325- futokpd ^vki* dh dkjdjpuk dsoy ,dopu esa gksrh gS] ijarq
,dopu ds :i cgqopu laKk ;k loZuke ds lkFk Hkh vkrs gSa( bldk for :i
^viuk* gS] tks lacak dkjd esa vkrk gS vkSj tks ^vi* esa lacak dkjd dks ^uk*
foHkf tksM+us ls cuk gSA blds lkFk ^us* foHkf ugha vkrh] ijarq nwljh foHkf;ksa
ds ;ksx ls budk :i fganh vkdkjkar laKk ds leku ^vius* gks tkrk gSA drkZ
vkSj lacak dkjd dks NksM+ 'ks"k dkjdksa esa fodYi ^vki* ds lkFk foHkf;k tksM+h
tkrh gSAa
lw-^ vki* 'kCn dk laca k dkjd ^viuk* izkr dh "k"Bh ^vIi.k* ls
fudyk gSA
futokpd ^vki*
dkjd ,dopu
drkZ vki
deZl ia -z vius dks] vkidks
dj.kvik- vius ls] vkils
lacak viuk] us] uh
vfkdj.k vius esa] vkiesa
ikpok v/;k;
fo'ks"k.k
336- fganh esa vkdkjkar fo'ks"k.kksa dks NksM+ nwljs fo'ks"k.kksa esa dksbZ fodkj
ugha gksrk( ijarq lc fo'ks"k.kksa dk iz;ksx laKkvksa ds leku gksrk gS] blfy, ;g
dg ldrs gSa fd fo'ks"k.kksa esa ijks{k :i ls fyax] opu vkSj dkjd gksrs gSaA bl
izdkj ds fo'ks"k.kksa dk fodkj laKkvksa ds leku muds ^var* ds vuqlkj gksrk gSA
fo'ks"k.kksa ds eq[; rhu Hksn fd, x, gSla koZukfed] xq.kokpd vkSj la[;kokpdA
buds :ikarjksa dk fopkj vkxs blh e ls gksxkA
337- lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.kksa ds nks Hksn gSea y w vkSj ;kSfxdA ^vki*] ^D;k*
vkSj ^dqN* dks NksM+dj 'ks"k ewy lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.kksa ds i'pkr~ foHkDR;ar ok
laca klwpdkar laKk vkus ij muds nksuksa opuksa esa for :i vkrk gS( tSl^s eq>
nhu dks*] ^rqe ew[kZ ls*] ^ge czk.kksa dk keZ*] ^fdl ns'k esa*] ^ml xko rd*]
^fdlh o`{k dh Nky*] ^mu isM+ksa ij* bR;kfnA
v ^f'ko-* esa ^dkSu* 'kCn vfor :i esa vk;k gS( tSl^s dkSu ckr esa
rqe muls c<+dj gks\* ;g iz;ksx vuqdj.kh; ugha gSA
vk ^dksbZ* 'kCn ds for :i dh f}#f ls cgqopu dk cksk gksrk gS(
ij mlds lkFk cgqkk ,dopu laKk vkrh gS( tSlfs dlh&fdlh riLoh us eq>s igpku
Hkh fy;k gS* 'kdq-A muesa ls dqN ,sls Hkh gSa] tks fdlh&fdlh fo'ks"k izdkj dh
jkT;i)fr dk gksuk fcydqy gh ilan ugha djrs* Lok-A for dkjdksa dh cgqopu
206 / fganh O;kdj.kMore Books at Books.Jakhira.com
laKk ds lkFk ^dksb&Z dksb*Z dHkh&dHkh ewy :i esa gh vkrk gS( tSls ^dksbZ&dksbZ yksxksa
dk ;g ;ku gSA* thfodk-A bl fiNys izdkj ds iz;ksx dk izpkj vfkd ugha gSA
b dqN dkyokpd laKkvksa ds vfkdj.k dkjd ds ,dopu ds lkFk ^dqN*
ds vFkZ esa ^dksb*Z dk vfor :i vkrk gS( tSl^s dksbZ ne es*a ] ^dksbZ ?kM+h es*a ]
bR;kfnA
338- ;kSfxd lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k vkdkjkar gksrs gS(a tSl,s l s k] oSlk] bruk]
mruk bR;kfnA ;s vkdkjkar fo'ks"k.k fo'ks"; ds fyax] opu vkSj dkjd ds vuqlkj
xq.kokpd vkdkjkar fo'ks"k.kksa ds leku ns- vad3 39 cnyrs gS(a tSl,s ls k euq";]
,sls euq"; dks] ,sls yM+ds] ,slh yM+fd;k bR;kfnA
v ^dkSu* ^tks* vkSj ^dksbZ* ds lkFk tc ^lk* izR;; vkrk gS] rc muesa
vkdkjkar xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.kksa ds leku fodkj gksrk gS( tSld s kSu lk yM+dk] dkSu
lh yM+dh] dkSu ls yM+ds dks bR;kfn ns-v d a 339
339- xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.kksa esa dsoy vkdkjkar fo'ks"k.k fo'ks";fu"B gksrs gSa(
vFkkZr~ os fo'ks"; ds fyax] opu vkSj dkjd ds vuqlkj cnyrs gSaA buesa ogh :ikarj
gksrs gSa] tks lacak dkjd dh foHkf ^dk* esa gksrs gSaA vkdkjkar fo'ks"k.kksa esa fodkj
gksus ds fu;e ;s gSa
1 iqaYyx fo'ks"; cgqopu esa gks vFkok foHkDR;ar ok lacaklwpdkar gks]
rks fo'ks"k.k ds vaR; ^vk* ds LFkku esa ^,* gksrk gS( tSlNs ksVs yM+d]s ps ?kj
esa cM+s yM+ds lesr bR;kfnA
2 L=khfyax fo'ks"; ds lkFk fo'ks"k.k ds vaR; ^vk* ds LFkku esa ^bZ* gksrh
gS( tSlNs ksVh yM+dh] NksVh yM+fd;k] NksVh yM+dh dks bR;kfnA
v jktk f'koizlkn us ^bdV~Bk* fo'ks"k.k dks mnwZ Hkk"kk ds vkdkjkar fo'ks"k.kksa
ds vuqdj.k ij cgqkk vfor :i esa fy[kk gS( tSl^s nkSyr bdV~Bk gksrh jgh*
bfr- ij ^fo|kadjq * esa bdV~Bs vk;k gS( tSl^s muds bdV~B*s >aMq pyrs gSAa vU;
ys[kd bls for :i esa fy[krs gS]a tSl^s bdV~Bs gksus ij mu yksxksa dk og ksk
vkSj Hkh c<+ x;k* j?kq-A
vk ^tek*] ^menk* vkSj ^tjk* dks NksM+ 'ks"k mnwZ vkdkjkar fo'ks"k.kksa dk
:ikarj fganh vkdkjkar fo'ks"k.kksa ds leku gksrk gS( tSlns ks"k fudkyus dh rks tqnh
ckr gS* ijh-A ^bls 'k=kq ij pykus vkSj fQj vius ikl ykSVk ysus ds ea=k tqns&tqns
gSa* j?kq-A ^cspkjs yM+ds*] cspkjh yM+dhA*
lw-d
ksb&Z dksbZ ys[kd bu mnwZ fo'ks"k.kksa dks vfor :i esa gh fy[krs gS(a
tSl^s rktk gok* f'ko-( ijarq fganh dh izof` k buds :ikarj dh vksj gSA f}osnh
ths us ^Lokkhurk* esa dqN o"kZ iwoZ ^fu;e tqnk tqnk gS* fy[kdj ^j?kqoa'k* esa ^ea=k
tqns&tqns gSa* fy[kk gSA
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 207
340- vkdkjkar lacaklwpd tks vFkZ esa izk;% fo'ks"k.k ds leku gSa vkdkjkar
fo'ks"k.kksa ds leku for gksrs gSa ns- vad 233vk( tSlls rh ,slh ukjh] rkykc
dk tSlk :i] flag ds ls xq.k] Hkkst ljh[ks jktk] gfj'panz ,slk ifr bR;kfnA
v tc fdlh laKk ds lkFk vfu'p; ds vFkZ esa ^lk* izR;; vkrk gS]
rks bldk :i mlh laKk ds fyax vkSj opu ds vuqlkj cnyrk gS( tSl^s eq>s
tkM+k lk yxrk gS*] ^,d tksr lh mrjh pyh vkrh gS* xqVdk-A ^mlus eqg ij
?kw?kV lk Mky fy;k gS* rFkk-A ^jkLrs esa iRFkj ls iM+s gSaA*
341- vkdkjkar xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.kksa dks NksM+ 'ks"k fganh xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.kksa
esa dksbZ fodkj ugha gksrk gS( tSly s ky Vksih] Hkkjh cks>] <kyw tehu bR;kfnA
342- laLr xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k cgqkk dfork esa fo'ks"; ds fyax ds vuqlkj
for gksrs gSAa budk :ikarj ^var* vaR; Loj ds vuqlkj gksrk gS
v O;atukar fo'ks"k.kksa esa L=khfyax ds fy, ^bZ* yxkrs gS(a tSls
ikfiu~=ikfiuh L=kh
cqf)er=cqf)erh Hkk;kZ
xq.kor~=xq.korh dU;k
izHkko'kkfyu~=izHkko'kkfyuh Hkk"kk
^fganh j?kqoa'k* esa ^;q) lacafkuh FkdkoV* vk;k gSA
vkdbZ ,d vaxokpd rFkk nwljs vdkjkar fo'ks"k.kksa esa Hkh cgqkk ^bZ* vkns'k
gksrk gS( tSls
lqe[kleq [q kh
panoz nupna oz nuh
n;ke;n;ke;h
lqna jlnaq jh
b mdkjkar fo'ks"k.kksa esa] fodYi ls] vaR; esa ^o* vkxe djds ^bZ* yxkrs
gS(a tSl s
lkkql koh lkkq ok lkoh L=kh
xq#x oq hZ xq# ;k xqohZ Nk;k
bZ vdkjkar fo'ks"k.kksa esa cgqkk ^vk* vkns'k gksrk gS( tSls
lq'khyl'q khyk vukFkvukFkk
prqjp rqjk fiz;f iz;k
ljyljyk lPpfj=klPpfj=kk
343- la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.kksa esa eokpd] vko`fkokpd vkSj vkdkjkar
ifjek.kokpd fo'ks"k.kksa dk :ikarj gksrk gS( tSlis gyh iqLrd] igys yM+d]s nwljs
fnu rd] lkjs ns'k esa] nwus nkeksa ijA
208 / fganh O;kdj.kMore Books at Books.Jakhira.com
v viw.kkd fo'ks"k.kksa esa dsoy ^vkkk* 'kCn for gksrk gS( tSlv s kks
xko esaA ^lok* 'kCn dk :ikarj ugha gksrk( ij blls cuk gqvk ^lok;k* 'kCn
fodkjh gS( tSlls ok ?kM+h es]a lok;s nkeksa ijA ^ikSu* 'kCn dk ,d :i ^ikSuk*
gS] tks for :i esa vkrk gS] tSlis kSus nkeksa ij] ikSuh dher esa bR;kfnA
vk laLr eokpd fo'ks"k.kksa esa igys rhu 'kCnksa esa ^vk* vkSj 'ks"k 'kCnksa
esa vBkjg rd ^bZ* yxkdj L=khfyax cukrs gS(a tSlis Fz kek] f}rh;k] r`rh;k] prqFkhZ]
n'keh] "kksM'kh bR;kfnA vBkjg ds ij laLreokpd L=khfyax fo'ks"k.kksa dk
iz;ksx fganh esa cgqkk ugha gksrkA
b ^,d 'kCn dk iz;ksx laKk ds leku gksus ij mldh dkjdjpuk ,dopu
gh gksrh gS] ij tc mldk vFkZ ^dqN yksx* gksrk gS] rc mldk :ikarj cgqopu
esa Hkh gksrk gS( tSl,s dksa dks bl ckr dh bPNk ugha gksrhA ns- vad1 84&vk-
bZ ^,d nwljk* dk iz;ksx izk;% loZuke ds leku gksrk gSA ;g cgqkk fyax
vkSj opu ds dkj.k ugha cnyrk( ijarq for dkjdksa ds ,dopu esa vkdkjkar
fo'ks"k.kksa ds leku bldk vaR; ^vk* ds cnys , gks tkrk gS( tSl^s ;s nksuksa ckrsa
,d nwljs ls feyh gqbZ ekywe gksrh gSa* Lok-A ;g drkZ dkjd esa dHkh iz;q
ugha gksrkA
lw-d ksb&Z dksbZ ys[kd ^,d nwljk* dks fo'ks"; ds fyax ds vuqlkj cnyrs
gS(a tSlys M+fd;k ,d nwljh dks pkgrh gSAa *
fo'ks"k.kksa dh rqyuk
344- fganh ds fo'ks"k.kksa dh rqyuk djus ds fy,] muesa dksbZ fodkj ugha
gksrkA ;g vFkZ uhps fy[ks fu;eksa ds }kjk lwfpr fd;k tkrk gS
v nks oLrqvksa esa fdlh Hkh xq.k dk U;wukfkd Hkko lwfpr djus ds fy,
ftl oLrq ds lkFk rqyuk djrs gSa] mldk uke mieku viknku dkjd esa yk;k
tkrk gS vkSj ftl oLrq dh rqyuk djrs gSa] mldk uke mies; xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k
ds lkFk vkrk gS( tSl^s ekjusokys ls ikyusokyk cM+k gksrk gS* dgk-A ^dkj.k
rsa dkjt dfBu* jke-A ^vius dks vkSjksa ls vPNk vkSj vkSjksa dks vius ls cqjk
fn[kykus dks* xqVdk-A
vk viknku dkjd ds cnys cgqkk laKk ds lkFk ^vis{kk* ok ^cfuLcr*
dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS vkSj fo'ks"k.k vFkok laKk ds lacak dkjd ds lkFk
vFkZ ds vuqlkj ^vfkd* ;k ^de* 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gS( tSl^s csyifr&dU;k
jktdU;k ls Hkh vfkd lqanjh] lq'khyk vkSj lPpfj=kk gS* lj-A ^esjk tekuk
caxkfy;ksa ds cfuLcr rqe fQjafx;ksa ds fy, T;knk eqlhcr dk Fkk* f'ko-A
^fganqLrku esa bl le; vkSj ns'kksa dh vis{kk lPps lkokku cgqr de gSa* ijh-A
^yM+ds dh vis{kk yM+dh de I;kjh ugha gksrhA*
NBk v/;k;
f;k
347- f;k dk mi;ksx fokku djus esa gksrk gS vkSj fokku djus esa dky
jhfr] iq#"k] fyax vkSj opu dh voLFkk dk mYys[k djuk vko';d gksrk gSA
lw-l La r esa ;s lc voLFkk, f;k gh ds :ikarj ls lwfpr gksrh gS]
ij fganh esa buds fy, cgq/kk lgdkjh f;kvksa dk dke iM+rk gSA
348- f;k esa okP;] dky] vFkZ] iq#"k] fyax vkSj opu ds dkj.k fodkj
gksrk gSA ftl f;k esa ;s fodkj ik, tkrs gSa vkSj ftlds }kjk fokku fd;k
tk ldrk gS] mls lekfidk f;k dgrs gS]a tSl^s yM+dk [ksyrk gSA* bl okD; esa
^[ksyrk gS* lekfidk f;k gS( ^ukSdj dke ij x;kA* ;gk ^x;k* lekfidk f;k gSA
1 okP;
349- okP; f;k esa ml :ikarj dks dgrs gSa] ftlls tkuk tkrk gS fd
okD; esa drkZ ds fo"k; esa fokku fd;k x;k gS ok deZ ds fo"k; esa vFkok dsoy
Hkko ds fo"k; es(a tSl^s L=kh diM+k lhrh gS* drkZ] ^diM+k fl;k tkrk gS* deZ]
^;gk cSBk ugha tkrk* HkkoA
Vh-okP; dk ;g y{k.k fganh ds vfkdka'k O;kdj.kksa esa fn, gq, y{k.kksa
esa fHkUu gSA muesa okP; dk y{k.k laLr O;kdj.k ds vuqlkj f;k esa dsoy
:i ds vkkkj ij fd;k x;k gSA laLr esa okP; dk fu.kZ; dsoy :i ij gks
ldrk gS( ij fganh esa f;k ds dbZ ,d iz;ksxt lS y
s M+ds us ikB i<+k] jkuh
us lgsfy;ksa dks cqyk;k] yM+dksa dks xkM+h ij fcBk;k tk;,l s s gS]a tks :i ds vuqlkj
,d okP; esa] vFkZ ds vuqlkj nwljs okP; esa vkrs gSaA blfy, laLr O;kdj.k
ds vuqlkj] dsoy :i ds vkkkj ij ;g y{k.k fd;k tk;sxk rks vFkZ ds vuqlkj
okP; ds dbZ ladh.kZ layXu foHkkx djus iM+saxs vkSj ;g fo"k; lgt gksus ds
cnys dfBu gks tk;sxkA
212 / fganh O;kdj.kMore Books at Books.Jakhira.com
dbZ ,d oS;kdj.kksa dk er gS fd fganh esa okP; dk y{k.k djus esa f;k
esa dsoy ^:ikarj* dk mYys[k djuk v'kq) gS] D;ksafd bl Hkk"kk esa okP; ds fy,
f;k dk :ikarj* gh ugha gksrk] oju~ mlds lkFk nwljh f;k dk lekl Hkh gksrk
gSA bl vk{ksi dk mkj ;g gS fd dksbZ Hkk"kk fdruh gh :ikarj'khy D;ksa u gks
mlesa dqN u dqN iz;ksx ,sls feyrs gSa] ftuesa ewy 'kCn esa rks :ikarj ugha gksrk
fdarq nwljs 'kCnksa dh lgk;rk ls :ikarj ekuk tkrk gSA laLr ds ^cksk;ke~ vkl*]
^iBu~ Hkofr* vkfn blh izdkj ds iz;ksx gSaA fganh esa dsoy okP; gh ugha] fdarq
vfkdka'k dky] vFkZ] nar vkSj dkjd rFkk rqyuk vkfn Hkh cgqkk nwljs 'kCnksa
ds ;ksx ls lwfpr gksrs gSaA blfy, fganh O;kdj.k esa dgha dgha la;qDr 'kCnksa dks
Hkh] lqHkhrs ds fy,] ewy :ikarj eku ysrs gSaA
dksbZ&dksbZ oS;kdj.k ^okP;* dks ^iz;ksx* Hkh dgrs gSa] D;ksafd laLr O;kdj.k
esa ;s nksuksa 'kCn i;kZ;okph gSaA fganh easa okP; ds lacak ls nks izdkj dh jpuk,
gksrh gSa( blfy, geus ^iz;ksx* 'kCn dk mi;ksx f;k ds lkFk drkZ ok deZ ds
vUo; rFkk vuUo; gh ds vFkZ esa fd;k gS vkSj ml ^okP;* dk vuko';d
i;kZ;okph 'kCn ugha j[kkA fganh O;kdj.kksa ds ^dr`Zizkku* vkSj ^Hkkookpd* 'kCn
Hkzked gksus ds dkj.k bl iqLrd esa NksM+ fn, x, gSaA
349- d drZokP; f;k ds ml :ikarj dks dgrs gSa] ftlls tkuk tkrk
gS fd okD; dk ms'; ns- vad6 78 v f;k dk drkZ gS( tSl^s yM+dk nkSMr+ k
gS*] ^yM+dk iqLrd i<+rk gS*] ^yM+ds us iqLrd i<+h*] ^jkuh us lgsfy;ksa dks cqyk;k*]
^geus ugk;k* bR;kfnA
Vh-^yM+ds us iqLrd i<+h*blh okD; esa f;k dks dksb&Z dksbZ oS;kdj.k
deZokP; ok deZf.k iz;ksx ekurs gSA laLr O;kdj.k esa fn, gq, y{k.k ds vuqlkj
^i<+h* f;k deZokP; ;k deZf.k iz;ksx vo'; gS] D;ksafd mlds iq#"k] fyax]
opu] ^iqLrd* deZ ds vuqlkj gSa] vkSj fganh dh jpuk ^yM+ds us iqLrd i<+h*]
laLr dh jpuk ^ckydsu iqfLrdk ifBrk* ds fcydqy leku gSA rFkkfi fganh
dh ;g jpuk dqN fo'ks"k dkyksa gh esa gksrh gS ftudk o.kZu vkxs ^iz;ksx* ds
izdj.k esa fd;k tk;xk vkSj blesa deZ dh gh iz/kkurk ugha gS] fdarq drkZ dh
gS( blfy, ;g jpuk :i ds vuqlkj deZokP; gksus ij Hkh vFkZ ds vuqqlkj drZokP;
gSA blh izdkj ^jkuh us lgsfy;ksa dks cqyk;k* bl okD; esa ^cqyk;k* f;k :i
ds vuqlkj rks HkkookP; gS( ijarq vFkZ ds vuqlkj drZokP; gh gS vkSj blesa Hkh
gekjk fd;k gqvk okP;y{k.k ?kfVr gksrk gSA
350- f;k ds ml :i dks deZokP; dgrs gSa] ftlls tkuk tkrk gS fd
okD; dk ms'; f;k dk deZ gS( tSl^s diM+k fl;k tkrk gS*] ^fpV~Bh Hksth xbZ*A
^eq>ls ;g cks> u mBk;k tk;xkA* ^mls mrjok fy;k tk;A* f'ko-A
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 213
351- f;k ds ftl :i ls ;g tkuk tkrk gS fd okD; dk ms'; f;k
dk drkZ ;k deZ dksbZ ugha gS] ml :i dks HkkookP; dgrs gS(a tSl^s ;gk dSls
cSBk tk;xk*] ^kwi esa pyk ugha tkrkA*
352- drZokP; vdeZd vkSj ldeZd nksuksa izdkj dh f;kvksa esa gksrk gS]
deZokP; dsoy ldeZd f;kvksa esa vkSj HkkookP;dos y vdeZd f;kvksa
esa gksrk gSA
v ;fn deZokP; vkSj HkkookP; f;kvksa esa drkZ dks fy[kus dh vko';drk
gks] rks mls dj.k dkjd esa j[krs gS]a tSl^s yM+ds ls jksVh ugha [kkbZ xbZA* ^eq>ls
pyk ugha tkrkA* deZokP; esa drkZ dHkh&dHkh ^}kjk* 'kCn ds lkFk vkrk gS( tSls
^esjs }kjk iqLrd i<+h xbZA*
vk deZokP; esa ms'; dHkh vizR;; deZdkjd esa tks :i esa vizR;;
drkZ dkjd ds leku gksrk gS vkSj dHkh lizR;; deZdkjd esa vkrk gS( tSl^s Mksyh
,d vejkbZ esa mrkjh xbZA* BsB-A mls mrjok fy;k tk;A f'ko-
lw-d eZokP; ds ms'; dks deZ dkjd esa j[kus dk iz;ksx vkkqfud vkSj
,dns'kh; gSA ^jkepfjrekul* rFkk ^izselkxj* esa ;g iz;ksx ugha gSA vfkdka'k
f'k"V ys[kd Hkh blls eq gSa] ijarq ^iz;ksx'kj.kk% oS;kdj.kk%* ds vuqlkj bldk
fopkj djuk iM+k gSA
bl iz;ksx ds fo"k; esa f}osnh th ^ljLorh* esa fy[krs gSa fd ^rc [kku
cgknqj vkSj muds lkFkh 1 mldks is'k fd;k x;k] 2 [kr dks yk;k x;k] 3
eqYd dks cjckn fd;k x;k bR;kfn v'kq) iz;ksx dye ls fudkyrs t:j fgpdsaA*
b tuuk] Hkwyuk] [kksuk vkfn dqN ldeZd f;k, cgqkk deZokP; esa ugha
vkrhaA
lw-l ;a Dq r f;kvksa ds okP; dk fopkj vkxs 425osa vad esa fd;k tk;xkA
353- fganh deZokP; f;k dk mi;ksx loZ=k ugha gksrk( og cgqkk uhps fy[ks
LFkkuksa eaas vkrh gS
1 tc f;k dk drkZ vKkr gks] vFkok mlds O; djus dh vko';drk
u gks( tSl^s pksj idM+k x;k gS*] ^vkt gqDe lquk;k tk;xkA* u rq ekjs tSgaS lc
jktk* jke-A
2 dkuwuh Hkk"kk vkSj ljdkjh dkxt&i=kksa esa izHkqrk trkus ds fy,(
tSl^s bkyk nh tkrh gS*] ^rqedks ;g fy[kk tkrk gS*] ^l[r dkjZokbZ dh tk;xhA*
3 v'kDrrk ds vFkZ es(a tSl^s jksxh ls vUu ugha [kk;k tkrk*] ^gels
rqEgkjh ckr u lquh tk;xhA*
4 fdafpr~ vfHkeku es(a tSl^s ;g fQj ns[kk tk;xkA* ^ukSdj cqyk, x,
gSaA* vkidks ;g ckr crkbZ xbZ gSA* ^mls is'k fd;k x;kA*
214 / fganh O;kdj.kMore Books at Books.Jakhira.com
354- deZokP; ds cnys fganh esa cgqkk uhps fy[kh jpuk, vkrh gSaA
1 dHkh&dHkh lkekU; orZekudky dh vU; iq#"k cgqopu f;k dk mi;ksx
dj drkZ dk v;kgkj djrs gS(a tSl^s ,slk dgrs gS*a ,slk dgk tkrk gSA ^,slk
lqurs gSa* ,slk lquk tkrk gSA ^lwr dks dkrrs gSa vkSj mlls diM+k cukrs gSa*
lwr dkrk tkrk gS vkSj mlls diM+k cuk;k tkrk gSA ^rjkoV ds fy, rkyq
ij rsy eyrs gSaA*
2 dHkh&dHkh deZokP; dh lekukfFkZuh vdeZd f;k dk iz;ksx gksrk gS(
tSl^s ?kj curk gS* cuk;k tkrk gSA ^og yM+kbZ esa ejk* ekjk x;kA ^lM+d
flap jgh gS* lhaph tk jgh gSA
3 dqN ldeZd f;kFkZd laKkvksa ds vfkdj.k dkjd ds lkFk ^vkuk*
f;k ds foof{kr dky dk mi;ksx djrs gS(a tSl^s lquus esa vk;k gS* lquk x;k
gS] ^ns[kus esa vkrk gS* ns[kk tkrk gS bR;kfnA
4 fdlh&fdlh ldeZd kkrq ds lkFk ^iM+uk* f;k dk bfPNr dky yxkrs
gS(a tSl^s ;s lc ckrsa ns[k iM+xas h vkxs* lj-A tku iM+rk gS( lqu iM+rk gSA
5 dHkh&dHkh iwfrZ laKk ;k fo'ks"k.k ds lkFk ^gksuk* f;k ds foof{kr
dkyksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gS( tSlus kud ml xko ds iVokjh gq, cuk, x,A ;g
jhfr izpfyr gqbZ dh xbZA
6 Hkwrdkfyd nar fo'ks"k.k ds lkFk lacak dkjd vkSj ^gksuk* f;k
ds dkyksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS( tSl;s g ckr esjh tkuh gqbZ gS esjs }kjk tkuh
xbZ gSA ;g dke yM+ds dk fd;k gksxk yM+ds ls fd;k x;k gksxkA
355- HkkookP; f;k cgqkk v'kDrrk ds vFkZ esa vkrh gS( tSlos gk dSls
cSBk tk,xkA yM+ds ls ugha pyk tkrkA
v v'kDrrk ds vFkZ esa ldeZd vkSj vdeZd nksuksa izdkj dh f;kvksa
ds viw.kZ f;k|ksrd nar ds lkFk ^cuuk* f;k ds dkyksa dk Hkh mi;ksx djrs
gS(a tSljs ksVh [kkrs ugha curk] yM+ds ls pyrs u cusxk] bR;kfn ns- vad 416A
lw-l ;a Dq r f;kvksa ds HkkookP; dk fopkj vkxs 426osa vad esa fd;k
tk;xkA
356- f}deZd f;kvksa ds deZokP; esa eq[; deZ ms'; gksrk gS vkSj xkS.k deZ
T;ksa dk R;ksa jgrk gS( tSljs ktk dks HksVa nh xbZA fo|kFkhZ dks xf.kr fl[kk;k tk;xkA
v viw.kZ ldeZd f;kvksa ds deZokP; esa eq[; deZ ms'; gksrk gS] ijarq
og dHkh&dHkh deZdkjd gh esa vkrk gS( tSlfs likgh ljnkj cuk;k x;kA dkaLVscyksa
dks dkWyst ds vgkrs esa u [kM+k fd;k tkrk* f'ko-A
1 lkekU; Hkwrdky
deZi a q Yyx ,dopu deZL =khfyax ,dopu
eSaus ok geus eSaus ok geus
rwus ok rqeus ik;k rwus ok rqeus ikbZ
mlus ok mUgksaus mlus ok mUgksaus
deZi a q Yyx cgqopu deZL =khfyax cgqopu
eSaus ok geus eSaus ok geus
rwus ok rqeus ik;s rwus ok rqeus ikbZ
mlus ok mUgksaus mlus ok mUgksaus
2 vklUu Hkwrdky
eSaus ok geus eSaus ok geus
rwus ok rqeus ik;k gS rwus ok rqeus ikbZ gS
mlus ok mUgksaus mlus ok mUgksaus
deZi a q Yyx cgqopu deZL =khfyax cgqopu
eSaus ok geus eSaus ok geus
rwus ok rqeus ik, gSa rwus ok rqeus ikbZ gSa
mlus ok mUgksaus mlus ok mUgksaus
3 iw.kZ Hkwrdky
deZi a q Yyx ,dopu deZL =khfyax ,dopu
eSaus ok geus eSaus ok geus
rwus ok rqeus ik;k Fkk rwus ok rqeus ikbZ Fkh
mlus ok mUgksaus mlus ok mUgksaus
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 249
deZi a q Yyx cgqopu deZL =khfyax cgqopu
eSaus ok geus eSaus ok geus
rwus ok rqeus ik, Fks rwus ok rqeus ikbZ Fkha
mlus ok mUgksaus mlus ok mUgksaus
4 laHkkO; Hkwrdky
deZi a q Yyx ,dopu cgqopu
eSaus ok geus
rwus ok rqeus ik;k gks ik;s gksa
mlus ok mUgksaus
deZL =khfyax ,dopu cgqopu
eSaus ok geus
rwus ok rqeus ikbZ gks ikbZ gks
mlus ok mUgksaus
5 lafnX/k Hkwrdky
deZi a q Yyx ,dopu cgqopu
eSaus ok geus
rwus o rqeus ik;k gksxk ik;s gksxa s
mlus ok mUgksaus
deZL =khfyax ,dopu cgqopu
eSaus ok geus
rwus ok rqeus ikbZ gksxh ikbZ gksaxh
mlus ok mlus
6 iw.kZ ladsrkFkZ dky
deZi fa q Yyax ,dopu cgqopu
eSaus ok geus
rwus ok rqeus ik;k gksrk ik;s gksrs
mlus ok mUgksaus
deZL =khfyax ,dopu cgqopu
eSaus ok geus
rwus ok rqeus ikbZ gksrh ikbZ gksrha
mlus ok mUgksaus
250 / fganh O;kdj.kMore Books at Books.Jakhira.com
2- deZokP;
393- deZokP; f;k cukus ds fy, ldeZd kkrq ds Hkwrdkfyd nar ds
vkxs ^tkuk* lgdkjh f;k ds lc dkyksa vkSj vFkks ds :i tksM+rs gSaA deZokP;
ls deZf.kiz;ksx esa ns- vad3 67 deZ ms'; gksdj vizR;; drkZdkjd ds :i
esa vkrk gS] vkSj f;k ds iq#"k] fyax] opu] ml deZ ds vuqlkj gksrs gS]a tSl^s yM+dk
cqyk;k x;k gS] ^yM+dh cqykbZ xbZ gSA*
394- d tc ldeZd f;kvksa dk vknjlwpd :i laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ dky
ds vFkZ esa vkrk gS ns- vad3 86&3bZ ] rc og deZokP; gksrk gS vkSj ^pkfg,*
f;k dks NksMd + j 'ks"k f;k, Hkkosi;z ksx esa vkrh gS]a tSl^s D;k dfg;s* ok;l
ikfy; vfr vuqjkxk jke-A
[k ^pkfg,* dks dksb&Z dksbZ ys[kd cgqopu esa ^pkfg,* fy[krs gS(a tSl^s oSls
gh LoHkko ds yksx Hkh pkfg,* lR;-A ij ;g iz;ksx lkoZf=kd ugha gSA ^pkfg,*
ls cgqkk lkekU; orZeku dky dk vFkZ ik;k tkrk gS] blfy, Hkwrdky ds fy,
blds lkFk ^Fkk* tksM+ nsrs gS(a tSl^s rsjk ?kksl
a yk fdlh nhokj ds ij pkfg, FkkA*
bu mnkgj.kksa esa ^pkfg,* deZf.kiz;ksx esa gS vkSj bldk vFkZ ^b"V* ok ^visf{kr*
gSA ;g f;k] vU;kU; f;kvksa dh rjg] fofkdky rFkk nwljs dkyksa esa ugha vkrhA
395- vkxs ^ns[kuk* ldeZd f;k ds deZokP; deZf.k iz;ksx ds dsoy
iqaYyx :i fn, tkrs gSaA L=khfyax :i drZokP; dkyjpuk ds vuqdj.k ij lgt
cuk fy, tk ldrs gSaA
ldeZd ^ns[kuk* f;k deZokP;
kkrq--- --- ---ns[kk tk
drZokpd laKk --- ---ns[kk tkusokyk
orZeku dky nar --- ---ns[kk tkrk gqvk
Hkwrdkfyd nar --- ---ns[kk x;k ns[kk gqvk
iwodZ kfyd nar --- ---ns[kk tkdj
rkRdkfyd nar --- ---ns[ks tkrs gh
viw.kZ f;k|ksrd nar --- ---ns[ks tkrs gq,
iw.kZ f;k|ksrd nar --- ---ns[ks x, gq,
Dofpr~
d kkrq ls cus gq, dky
deZf.k iz;ksx
deZ iqaYyx
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 251
1 laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ dky
,dopu cgqopu
1- eSa ns[kk tk ge ns[ks tk,] tkosa] tk;
2- rw ns[kk tk,] tkosa] tk, rqe ns[ks tkvks
3- og ns[kk tk,] tkos] tk; os ns[ks tk,] tkosa] tk;
2 lkekU; Hkfo";r~ dky
1- eSa ns[kk tkxk ge ns[ks tk,xs] tkosaxs] tk;xs
2- rw ns[kk tk,xk] tkosxk] tk;xk rqe ns[ks tkvksxs
3- og ns[kk tk,xk] tkosxk] tk;xk os ns[ks tk,xs] tkosaxs] tk;xs
3 izR;{k fofkdky lkkkj.k
1- eSa ns[kk tk ge ns[ks tk,] tkosa] tk;
2- rw ns[kk tk rqe ns[ks tkvks
3- og ns[kk tk,] tkos] tk; os ns[ks tk,] tkosa] tk;
lkrok v/;k;
la;qDr f;k,
400- kkrqvksa ds dqN fo'ks"k narksa ds vkxs fo'ks"k vFkZ esa dksbZ&dksbZ f;k,
tksM+us ls tks f;k, curh gS]a mUgsa la;
q f;k, dgrs gS(a tSl^s djuk*] ^yxuk*]
^tk lduk*] ^ekj nsuk* bR;kfnA bu mnkgj.kksa esa ^djus*] ^tk* vkSj ^ekj* nar
gSa vkSj buds vkxs ^yxuk* ^lduk*] ^nsuk* f;k, tksM+h xbZ gSaA la;q f;kvksa
esa eq[; f;k dk dksbZ nar jgrk gS vkSj lgdkjh f;k ds dky ds :i jgrs
gSAa
401- nar ds vkxs lgdkjh f;k vkus ls lnSo la;q f;k ugha curhA
^yM+dk cM+k gks x;k* bl okD; esa eq[; kkrq ok f;k ^gksuk* gS] ^tkuk* ughaA
^tkuk* dsoy lgdkjh f;k gS] blfy, ^gks x;k* la;q f;k gS( ijarq ^yM+dk
rqEgkjs ?kj gks x;k* bl okD; esa ^gks* iwoZdkfyd nar ^x;k* f;k dh fo'ks"krk
rhljk ifjPNsn
O;qRifk
igyk v/;k;
fo"k;kjaHk
429- 'kCnlkku ds rhu Hkkx gSoa xhZdj.k] :ikarj vkSj O;qRifkA buesa ls igys
nks fo"k;ksa dk foospu nwljs Hkkx ds igys vkSj nwljs ifjPNsn esa gks pqdk gSA bl
rhljs ifjPNsn esa O;qRifk vFkkZr~ 'kCnjpuk dk fopkj fd;k tk;xkA
lw-O ;qRifk izdj.k esa dsoy ;kSfxd 'kCnksa dh jpuk dk fopkj fd;k tkrk
gS] :<+ 'kCnksa dk ughaA :<+ 'kCn fdl Hkk"kk ds fdl 'kCn ls cuk gS] ;g crkuk
bl izdj.k dk fo"k; ugha gSA bl izdj.k esa dsoy bl ckr dk Li"Vhdj.k gksrk
gS fd Hkk"kk dk izpfyr 'kCn Hkk"kk ds vU; izpfyr 'kCn ls fdl izdkj cuk
gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] ^gBhyk* 'kCn ^gB* ls cuk gqvk ,d fo'ks"k.k gS] vFkkZr~ ^gBhyk*
'kCn ;kSfxd gS] :<+ ugha gS( vkSj dsoy ;gh O;qRifk bl izdj.k esa crkbZ tk;xhA
^gB* 'kCn fdl Hkk"kk ls fdl izdkj fganh esa vk;k] bl ckr dk fopkj bl izdj.k
esa ugha fd;k tk;xkA ^gB* 'kCn nwljh Hkk"kk esa] ftlls og fudyk gS] pkgs ;kSfxd
Hkh gks] ij fganh esa ;fn mlds [kaM lkFkZd ugha gSa] rks og :<+ gh ekuk tk;xkA
bl izdkj ^jlksbZ?kj* 'kCn ls dsoy ;g crk;k tk;xk fd ;g 'kCn ^jlksbZ* vkSj
^?kj* 'kCn ds lekl ls cuk gS( ijarq ^jlksbZ* vkSj ^?kj* 'kCnksa dh O;qRifk fdu
Hkk"kkvksa ds fdu 'kCnksa ls gqbZ gS ;g ckr O;kdj.k fo"k; ds ckgj dh gSA
430- ,d gh Hkk"kk ds fdlh 'kCn ls tks nwljs 'kCn curs gSa] os cgqkk rhu
izdkj ls cuk, tkrs gSaA fdlh&fdlh 'kCn ds iwoZ ,d&nks v{kj yxkus ls u, 'kCn
curs gSa( fdlh&fdlh 'kCn ds i'pkr~ ,d&nks v{kj yxkdj u, 'kCn cuk, tkrs gSa(
vkSj fdlh&fdlh 'kCn ds lkFk nwljk 'kCn feykus ls u, la;qDr 'kCn rS;kj gksrs gSAa
v 'kCn ds iwoZ tks v{kj ok v{kjlewg yxk;k tkrk gS] mls milxZ dgrs
nwljk v/;k;
milxZ
433- igys laLr milxZ eq[; vFkZ vkSj mnkgj.k lfgr fn, tkrs gSaA
laLr esa bu milxks dks kkrqvksa ds lkFk tksM+us ls muds vFkZ esa gsjQsj gksrk
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 273
gS1] ijarq ml vFkZ dk Li"Vhdj.k fganh O;kdj.k dk fo"k; ughaA fganh esa milxZ;q
tks laLr rRle 'kCn vkrs gSa] mUgha 'kCnksa ds lacak esa ;gk milxZ dk fopkj
djuk drZO; gSA ;s milxZ dHkh&dHkh fujs fganh 'kCnksa esa yxs gq, ik, tkrs gSa]
ftuds mnkgj.k ;FkkLFkku fn, tk;xsA
d laLr milxZ
vfrvfkd] ml ikj] ij( tSlv s frdky] vfrfj] vfr'k;] vR;ar]
vR;kpkjA
lw-f ganh esa ^vfr* blh vFkZ esa Lora=k 'kCn ds leku Hkh iz; q gksrk
gS( tSlvs fr cqjh gksrh gSA* ^vfr la?k"kZ.k* jke-A
vfk ij] LFkku esa Js"B( tSlv s fkdj.k] vfkdkj] vfkikBd] vfkjkt]
vfk"Bkrk] v;kReA
vuq ihNs leku] tSls vuqdj.k] vuqxzg] vuqpj] vuqt] vuqikr] vuq:i]
vuq'kklu] vuqLokjA
vi cqjk] ghu] fo#)] vHkko bR;kfn( tSlv s idhfrZ] viHkz'a k] vieku]
vijk] vi'kCn] vilO;] vigj.kA
vfHk vksj] ikl] lkeus( tSlv s fHkizk;] vfHkeq[k] vfHkeku] vfHkyk"k]
vfHklkj] vH;kxr] vH;kl] vH;qn;A
vo uhps] ghu] vHkko( tSlv s oxr] voxkg] voxq.k] vorkj] vour]
voyksdu] volku] voLFkkA
lw-i kz phu dfork esa ^vo* dk :i cgqkk ^vkS* ik;k tkrk gS( tSls
vkSxqu] vkSljA
v k rd] vksj] lesr] myVk( tSlv s kd"kZ.k] vkdkj] vkdk'k] vke.k]
vkxeu] vkpj.k] vkckyo`)] vkjaHkA
mr~] mn~ ij] pk] Js"B( tSlms Rd"kZ] mRdaBk] mke] m|e] ms';]
mUufr] mRiy] mYys[kA
mi fudV] ln`'k] xkS.k( tSlms idkj] mins'k] miuke] mius=k] miHksn]
mi;ksx] miopu] miosnA
nqj~ nql~ cqjk] dfBu] nq"V( tSlns jq kpkj] nqx.qZ k] nqxeZ ] nqtuZ ] nqn'Z kk] nqfnZu]
nqcZy] nqyZHk] nq"deZ] nq"izkI;] nq%lgA
uf Hkhrj] uhps] ckgj( tSlfs u"V] fun'kZu] funku] fuikr] fucak] fu;q
fu:i.kA
1- milxsZ.k kkRokFkksZ cyknU;=k uh;rsA
izgkjkgkjlagkj fogkjifjgkjor~A
rhljk v/;k;
laLr izR;;
d laLr nar
v dr`oZ kpd
pqj~ pqjkukpksj pj~ pyukpj nwr
nhi peduknhi fno~ peduknos
un~ 'kCn djukun k` kjukkj ioZr
l`i~ ljdukliZ cqk~ tkuukcq k
gjukgj Le` pkguk Lej
xzg idM+ukxkz g O;k~ ekjukO;kk
je~ hM+k djukjke yHk~ ikukykHk
Hkkookpd
de~ bPNk djukdke qk ksk djukksk
f[kn~ mnkl gksuk[ksn fp bdV~Bk djukla- p;
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 279
ft thrukt; eqg vpsr gksukeksg
uh ys tkuku; # 'kCn djukjo
vd dr`oZ kpd
dkjd u`ru rZd
xSx k;d iw ifo=k djukikod
nknk;d ;qt~ tksMu+ k;kstd
fy[k~y [s kd r` rjukrkjd
e` ejukekjd iB~i kBd
uhuk;d ip~i kpd
vr~b l izR;; ds yxkus ls laLr esa orZekudkfyd nar curk gS]
ijarq mldk izpkj fganh esa ugha gSA rFkkfi txr~] txrh] ne;arh vkfn dbZ laKk,
ewy nar gSAa
vu dr`oZ kpd
uan izlUu gksukuna u en~ ikyu gksukenu
je~j e.k JqJ o.k
#jko.k eqge ksgu
lwn~ ekjukekq lwnu lkklkku
iqi kou ikyikyu
Hkkookpd
lglgu 'kh lsuk'k;u
HkwH kou LFkkLFkku
e`e j.k j{kkj{k.k
HkqtH ~ kkstu gq gkse djukgou
dj.kokpd
uhu;u pjpj.k] Hkw"kHkw"k.k
;k;ku ogokgu] on~o nu
vuk Hkkookpd
fon~ psrukons uk jp~j puk
?kV~ gksuk?kVuk rqyr yq uk
lwpl ~ pw uk iz+vFkZi kz FkZuk
oan&oanuk v+jkk~v kjkkuk
vo+gsy frjLdkj djuk xos"k~ [kkstukxos"k.kk
vogsyuk HkwH kkouk
vuh; ;ksX;kFkZ
n`'kn'kZuh; Le`L ej.kh;
pkSFkk v/;k;
fganh izR;;
d fganh nar
v;g izR;; vkdkjkar kkrqvksa esa tksMk+ tkrk gS vkSj blds ;ksx ls
Hkkookpd laKk, curh gS(a tSls
ikpok v/;k;
mnwZ izR;;
437- laLr vkSj fganh ds leku mnwZ ;kSfxd 'kCn Hkh nar vkSj rf)r
ds Hksn ls nks izdkj ds gksrs gSaA ;s 'kCn eq[; djds nks Hkk"kkvksa vFkkZr~ Qkjlh
vkSj vjch ds gSa] blfy, budk foospu vyx&vyx fd;k tkrk gSA
308 / fganh O;kdj.kMore Books at Books.Jakhira.com
1 Qkjlh izR;;
d Qkjlh nar
vHkkookpd
vken vk;k vken vokbZ
[kjhn [kjhnk [kjhn ;
cjnk'r lgk cjnk'r lgu
nj[okLr ekxk nj[okLr izkFkZuk
jlhn igqp k jlhn igqp] jln
vkdr`oZ kpd
nku tkuuknkuk tkuusokyk] prqj] fjg NwVukfjgk NwVusokyk] eqA
vku vk orZekudkfyd nar
iqlZ iwNukilq kZ iwNrk gqvk] pLi fpidukpLik fpidrk gqvkA
bank dr`oZ kpd
dqu djukdfq uank djusokyk] th thukftank thrusokyk] thrk
ck'k jguk ckf'kank] ifjank] mM+uos kyk] i{khA
lw-f ganh f;k ^pquuk* ds lkFk ;g izR;; yxkus ls pqfuank 'kCn cuk
gS( ij ;g v'kq) gSA
b'k Hkkookpd
ijoj ikyukijofj'k] dks'k mik; djukdksf'k'k] uky jksuk ukfy'k]
eky eyukekfy'k] Qjek; vkKk nsukQjekb'kA
bZ Hkkookpd
jQru tkukjQruh] vkenu vkukvkenuhA
gHkwrdkfyd nar
'kqn gqvk'kqng] eqnZ ejkenq gZ ] nk'r jD[kknk'rg j[kh gqbZ L=khA
[k Qkjlh rf)r
v laKk,
vkbl izR;; ds }kjk dqN fo'ks"k.kksa dh Hkkookpd laKk, curh gS(a
tSlx s jexjek] lQsnl Qsnk] [kjkc[kjkckA
vkug vkuk#i;s ds vFkZ esa
tqet Z eq kZuk rycryckuk
utjutjkuk gtZg tkZuk
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 309
c; fchc;kuk fegurfegurkuk
fofok vFkZ esa
nLrnLrkuk gkFk dk ekstk
bZf o'ks"k.kksa esa ;g izR;; yxkus ls Hkkookpd laKk, curh gS(a tSls
[kq'k[kq'kh fl;kgfl;kgh dkykiu] elh
usdu d s h cncnh
v blh izR;; ds }kjk laKkvksa ls vfkdkj] xq.k] fLFkfr] vFkok eksy lwfpr
djusokyh laKk, curh gS(a tSls
uokcuokch QdhjQdhjh
lkSnkxjlkSnkxjh nksLrnksLrh
nq'eun'q euh nykynykyh
eatjw e ta jw h nqdkunkjnd q kunkjh
vk 'kCnkar dk ^g* cnydj ^x* gks tkrk gS( tSls
cangcna xh ftangftanxh
jokugjokuxh ijokugijokuxh
b T;kngT;knrhA
d uokpd tSlrs ksir iq d
dkjblls dr`oZ kpd laKk, curh gS(a tSlis 's k lkeus] is'kdkj lgk;d]
cn cqjkcndkj nq"V( dk'r [ksrhdk'rdkj fdlku( lykglykgdkjA
lw-f ganh ^tkudkj* esa ;gh izR;; tku iM+rk gSA
xjdr`oZ kpd tSl s
lkSnklkSnkxj ftYnftYnxj
dkjdkjhxj dybZd ybZxj
thuthuxj
xkjdrZo` kpd
ennennxkj ;kn;knxkj
f[knerf[knerxkj xqukgxuq kgxkj
pk vFkok bpk uokpd
ckxckxpk vFkok ckxhpk fgac xhpk
xkyh dkyhu&'krjathxkyhpk fga-x yhpk
nsx fga-M xs nxs pk cVyksbZ ] pepkA
nku ik=kokpdA
deydeynku] 'kev ekseckh'kevnkuA
b=knku] ukcnku] [kkunkuA
nkfu'k Kkunkfu'kean
okjmEehnokj fga-m Eesnokj] ekgokj] rQlhyokj] rkjh[kokjA
oj
tkuoj ukeoj
rkdroj fgEeroj
bZuk
dedehuk ekg panez keghuk
i'ei'ehuk uh diM+k
tkngmRiUu gqvk'kkgtknk] gjketknkA
438- laKkvksa esa dqN nar tksM+us ls nwljh laKk, vkSj fo'ks"k.k curs gSaA
;s ;FkkFkZ esa lekl gSa] ij lqHkhrs ds dkj.k ;gk fy[ks tkrs gSaA
vankt Qsd a usokyk
cdZ fctyhcdnkt flikgh] rhjrhjankt] xksyk fga-xksyna kt]
nLranktA
vkost yVdkusokyknLrkost gkFk dk dkxt ftlls lgkjk feyrk gSA
dqu djusokykdkjdqu] ulhgrdquA
[kksj [kkusokykgyky[kksj Hkaxh] gjke[kksj] lwn[kksj] pqxy q [kksjA
xhj idM+uos kykjkgxhj cVksgh] tgkxhj txrxzkgh] nLrxhj lgk;dA
nku tkuusokyk
dkjnku] dnjnku] fglkcnkuA
lw-v fa re ^u* dk mPpkj.k cgqkk vuqukfld gksrk gS( tSld s njnkA
nkj j[kusokyk
tehankj nwdkunkj
pkscnkj rjgnkj
QkStnkj ekynkj
lw-; g izR;; fganh ds 'kCnksa esa Hkh yxk gqvk feyrk gS( tSlps ednkj
ukrsnkj] Fkkusnkj] Qynkj] jlnkjA ^[kjhnkj* esa ^[kjhn* 'kCn ds ^n* dk yksi gksrk
gS] ij dksbZ&dksbZ ys[kd bls Hkwy ls ^[kjhnnkj* fy[krs gSaA
2 vjch izR;;
d vjch nar
440- vjch ds izk;% lHkh 'kCn fdlh u fdlh kkrq ls cus gq, gksrs gSa
vkSj vfkdka'k kkrq f=ko.kZ jgrs gSaA dqN kkrq pkj o.kks ds vkSj dqN ikp o.kks
ds Hkh gksrs gSaA kkrqvksa ds v{kjksa ds eku otu ds v{kj lc narksa esa ik,
tkrs gSa vkSj os ewyk{kkj dgkrs gSaA bu ewyk{kjksa ds flok dqN vkSj Hkh v{kj narksa
dh jpuk esa iz; q gksrs gSa ftUgsa vfkdk{kj dgrs gSAa ;s vfkdk{kj lkr gSda ]
r] l] e] u] ] ; vkSj bUgsa Lej.k j[kus ds fy, buls ^drleuw;* 'kCn cuk
fy;k x;k gSA ,d kkrq ls cus gq, lHkh nar fganh esa ugha vkrs] vkSj tks vkrs
gSa] muesa Hkh cgqkk mPpkj.k dh lqxerk ds fy, :ikarj dj fy;k tkrk gSA
vjch esa kkrqvksa vkSj narksa ds laiw.kZ :i otu vFkkZr~ uewus ij cuk,
tkrs gSa vkSj d] v] y dks ewyk{kj ekudj bUgha ls lc izdkj ls otu cukrs
gSaA tc dHkh pkj ;k ikp ewyk{kjksa dk dke iM+rk gS rc y dks nks ok rhu ckj
dke esa ykrs gSaA
441- df=ko.kZ kkrq ds ewy :i ls dbZ ,d f;kFkZd laKk, curh
gSAa buesa tks fganh esa izpfyr gS]a muds otu vkSj mnkgj.k uhps fn, tkrs gSa
NBk v/;k;
lekl
445- nks ;k vfkd 'kCnksa dk ijLij lacak crkusokys 'kCnksa vFkok izR;;ksa
dk yksi gksus ij] mu nks ;k vfkd 'kCnksa ls tks ,d Lora=k 'kCn curk gS] ml
'kCn dks lkekfld 'kCn dgrs gSa vkSj mu nks ;k vfkd 'kCnksa dk tks la;ksx gksrk
gS] og lekl dgykrk gS] mnkgj.kiesz lkxj vFkkZr~ izes dk leqnAz bl mnkgj.k
esa izse vkSj lkxj] bu nks 'kCnksa dk ijLij lacak crkusokys lacak dkjd ds ^dk*
izR;; dk yksi gksus ls ^izselkxj* ,d Lora=k 'kCn cuk gSA blfy, izselkxj
lkekfld 'kCn gS vkSj bl 'kCn esa izse vkSj lkxj] bu nks 'kCnksa dk la;ksx gSA
blfy, bl la;ksx dks lekl dgrs gSaA
lkrok v/;k;
iqu# 'kCn
486- iqu# 'kCn ;kSfxd 'kCnksa dk ,d Hksn gS vkSj buesa ls cgqr ls lkekfld
Hkh gSaA budk foospu iqLrd esa ;=k&r=k cgqr dqN gks pqdk gSA cksypky esa budk
izpkj lkekfld 'kCnksa gh ds yxHkx gS] ij budh O;qRifk esa lkekfld 'kCnksa ls
cgqr dqN fHkUurk Hkh gSA vr,o buds ,d=k vkSj fu;fer foospu dh vko';drk
gSA bu 'kCnksa dk la;ksx cgqkk foHkf vFkok laca kh 'kCn dk yksi djus ls ugha gksrkA
487- iqu# 'kCn rhu izdkj ds gSia .w kZ iqu#] viw.kZ iqj# vkSj
vuqdj.kokpdA
488- tc dksbZ ,d 'kCn ,d gh lkFk yxkrkj nks ckj vFkok rhu ckj
iz;
q gksrk gS] rc mu lcdks iw.kZ iqu# 'kCn dgrs gS(a tSlns 's k ns'k] cM+s cM+]s
pyrs pyrs] t; t; t;A
489- tc fdlh 'kCn ds lkFk dksbZ lekuqizkl lkFkZd ok fujFkZd 'kCn vkrk gS]
rc os nksuksa 'kCn viw.kZ iqu# dgykrs gS(a tSlvs klikl] vkeuslkeus] ns[kHkky]
bR;kfnA
336 / fganh O;kdj.kMore Books at Books.Jakhira.com
490- inkFkZ dh ;FkkFkZ vFkok dfYir ofu dks ;ku esa j[kdj tks 'kCn
cuk, tkrs gS]a mUgsa vuqdj.kokpd 'kCn dgrs gS(a tSlQ
s VQV] xM+xM+kgV] vjkZukA
iw.kZ iqu#Dr 'kCn
491- ;s 'kCn dbZ izdkj ds gSaA dHkh&dHkh lewps 'kCn dh iqu#f gh ls ,d
'kCn curk gS vkSj dHkh&dHkh nksuksa 'kCnksa ds chp ,dkk v{kj dk vkns'k gks tkrk gSA
lw-i uq # 'kCnksa dks izFke 'kCn ds i'pkr~ 2 fy[kdj lwfpr djuk v'kq)
gS( tSls khjs 2] jke 2A
492- laKk ls lwfpr gksuos kyh oLrqvksa dk vyx&vyx funs'Z k( tSls ?kj
?kj Mksyr nhu S* tu tu tkpr tk;A dkSM+h dkSM+h ek;k tksM+hA esjs jkse jkse
izlUu gks jgs gSaA
lw-; fn bu iqu# 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx laKk vFkok fo'ks"k.k ds leku gks]
rks bUgsa deZkkj; vkSj f;kfo'ks"k.k ds leku gks rks vO;;hHkko dguk pkfg,A
ij ds mnkgj.kksa esa ^tu tu* laKk] ^dkSM+h dkSM+h* fo'ks"k.k rFkk ^jkse jkse*
laKk deZkkj; lekl gSa vkSj ^?kj ?kj* f- fo- vO;;hHkko lekl gSA
2 vfr'k;rktlS cs rZu] VqdM+s VqdM+s gks x;k] jke&jke dfg jke dfg]
mlus eq>s nkus nkus dks eksgrkt dj fn;k] glh glh esa yM+kbZ gks iM+h bR;kfnA
3 ijLij lacakHkkbZ HkkbZ dk izse] cfgu cfgu dh ckrphr] fe=k fe=k
dk O;ogkj] BBsjs BBsjs cnykbZA
4 ,dtkrh;rktlS s Qwy Qwy vyx j[k nks] czk.k czk.k dh tsoukj]
yM+ds yM+ds ;gk cSBs gSaA
5 fHkUurk vkneh vkneh dk varj] ns'k ns'k ds Hkwifr ukuk] ckr ckr ckr
esa Hksn gSa] jax jax ds Qwy bR;kfnA
6 jhfr iko iko pyuk] yksVs yksVs ty Hkjuk igys ,d yksVk fQj nwljk
yksVk vkSj blh e ls vkxsA
lw- 1 iw.kZ iqu# 'kCnksa ds vaR; 'kCn esa foHkf dk ;ksx gksrk gS] ijarq
mlds iwoZ 'kCn for :i esa vkrs gS(a tSly s M+ds yM+ds dh yM+kbZ] Qwyksa Qyksa
dks vyx j[k nksA ;g for :i vkdkjkar 'kCnksa ds nksuksa opuksa esa vkSj nwljs
'kCnksa ds dsoy cgqopu esa gksrk gSA
2 dHkh dHkh foHkf dk yksi gks tkrk gS] vkSj for :i dsoy izFke
'kCn esa vFkok dHkh&dHkh nksuksa 'kCnksa esa ik;k tkrk gS( tSlgs kFkksga kFk] jkrksja kr]
chpksachp] fnuksafnu] taxyksataxyksa bR;kfnA
493- loZukeksa dh iqu#f laKkvksa gh ds leku gksrh gSA ;g fo"k; loZukeksa
ds v;k; esa vk pqdk gSA
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 337
494fo'ks"k.kksa dh Hkh iqu#f dk fopkj fo'ks"k.kksa ds v;k; esa gks pqdk
gSA ;gk xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.kksa dh iqu#fk ds dqN fo'ks"k vFkZ fy[ks tkrs gSa
1 fHkUurktlS ^s gjh gjh iqdkjrh gjh gjh yrku esAa * u, u, lq[k]
vuwBs vuwBs [ksyA
2 ,dtkrh;rkcM+s cM+s yksxksa dks dqjlh nh xbZ NksVs NksVs yM+ds vyx
fcBk, x,A
3 vfr'k;rkehBs ehBs vke] vPNs vPNs] diM+]s ps ps ?kj] dkys
dkys ds'k] Qwys Qwys pqu fy, dchjA
4 U;wurkQhdk Qhdk Lokn] rjdkjh [kh [kh yxrh gS] NksVh NksVh
vk[ksa] bR;kfnA
495- f;k dh iqu#f ls uhps fy[ks vFkZ lwfpr gksrs gSa
1 gBeaS ;g dke d:xk] d:xk vkSj fQj d:xkA og vk,xk] vk,xk
vkSj fQj vk,xkA rqe vkvksxs] vkvksxs vkSj fQj vkvksxsA
2 la'k;vki vk,xs vk,xs dgrs gS]a ij vkrs ughaA og x;k] x;k] u
x;k] u x;kA fiNys okD; esa dqN 'kCnksa dk v;kgkj Hkh ekuk tk ldrk gS(
tSls tks og x;k rks x;k vkSj u x;k rks u x;kA
3 fofkdky dh f}#f ls vknj] mrkoyh] vkxzg vkSj vuknj lwfpr
gksrk gS( tSlv s kb,] vkb,] vkt fdkj Hkwy iM+As ns[kks] ns[kks og vkneh Hkkx
jgk gSA tkvks] tkvks] tkvksA
496- lgk;d f;kvksa dk dke djusokys narksa dh Hkh iqu#f gksrh gS
vkSj muls uhps fy[ks vFkZ ik, tkrs gSa
1 ikSu iqU;iks cg&cgdj vkrs gS(a og esjs ikl vk vkdj cSBrk gS(
?kj esa dkSu NksVh yM+fd;k U;ksr U;ksr ykosxh( eSa rqEgkjk ?kj iwNrk iwNrk ;gk
rd vk;k gwA
2 vfr'k;rkyM+dk pyrs pyrs Fkd x;k( bUnz jks jksdj dgus yxk(
og ekjk ekjk fQjrk gSA
3 fujarjrkge cSBs cSBs D;k djs\a Jh".k dks cks cks iwoZ tUe dh
lqfk vkbZA iqLrdsa i<+rs i<+rs vk;q chr xbZA yM+dk lksrs lksrs pkSad iM+kA
4 vofkbl jhfr ls pys pys jkteafnj esa tk fojktsA vkids vkrs
vkrs lHkk foltZu gks xbZA ogk igqprs igqprs jkr gks tk;xhA
5 ^gksrs gksrs* dk vFkZ ^khjs khjs* gSA
6 dHkh&dHkh viw.kZ f;k|ksrd narksa ds chp esa ^u* dk vkxe gksrk
gS( tSlms uds vkrs u vkrss dke tks tk;xkA
497- vokkj.k vFkZ esa dHkh&dHkh fu"kskokpd f;k ds lkFk mlh f;k ls
cuk gqvk Hkwrdkfyd vFkok iwofZ ;k|ksrd nar vkrk gS( tSlls ks fdlh Hkkfr
338 / fganh O;kdj.kMore Books at Books.Jakhira.com
esVs u feVsaxs( ;g vkneh mBk, ugha mBrk( kuq"k VjS u Vkjk( og fdlh dk
cpk;k u cpsxkA
498- f;kfo'ks"k.kksa dh iqu#f ikSu%iqU;] vfr'k;rk] vkfn vFkks esa gksrh
gS( tSls khjs khjs] dHkh dHkh] tc tc] uhps uhps] ij ij] ikl ikl] vkxs
vkxs] ihNs ihNs] lkFk lkFk] dgk dgk] dgha dgha] igys igys] vHkh vHkhA
lw-^ igys igy* 'kCn dk vFkZ izFke ckj gSA
v ftu f;kfo'ks"k.kksa dk mi;ksx lacaklwpdksa ds leku gksrk gS] os bl
nwljs vFkZ esa Hkh iqu#Dr gksrs gSa( tSls lM+d ds ikl ikl] ukSdj ds lkFk lkFk]
diM+s ds ij ij] ikuh ds uhps uhpsA
499- foLe;kfnckskd vO;;ksa dh iqu#fDr euksfodkjksa dk mRd"kZ vFkok vkosx
lwfpr djus ds fy, gksrh gS( tSlgs k gk! gk; gk;! fN% fN%! vjs vjs! jke jke!
v dksbZ dksbZ foLe;kfnckskd rhu ckj iz;Dq r gksrs gS(a tSlt
s ; t; t;
fxfjjkt fd'kksjhA ns[k jh ek] ns[k jh ek] ns[k fy, tk;! QkM+ ds nks&Vwd fd,]
gk; gk;!
500- leqPp;ckskd vO;;ksa dh iqu#fDr ugha gksrhA
501- vfr'k;rk ds vFkZ esa dHkh dHkh 'kCnksa dh iqu#fDr ds lkFk lkFk
muds chp esa ^gh* dk vkxe gksrk gS( tSles u gh eu es]a ckrksa gh ckrksa es]a
vkxs gh vkxs] lkFk gh lkFk] dyk gh dyk] nwk gh nwkA bl jpuk ls dHkh&dHkh
fu'p; Hkh lwfpr gksrk gSA
502- dHkh&dHkh iqu#Dr 'kCnksa ds chp esa laca kdkjd dh foHkfDr;k vkrh gSAa
bl izdkj dh iqu#fDr fo'ks"kdj laKkvksa esa gksrh gS] blfy, bldk foospu dkjd izdj.k
esa fd;k tk;xkA ;gk dsoy vO;;ksa dh iqu#fDr ds vFkks dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gS
1 vO;; dh vkSj okP; voLFkkvksa dks NksM+ dsoy ewy n'kk dk Lohdkj]
tSlls us k ihNs dh ihNs jg xbZA ukSdj ckgj dk ckgj ykSV x;kA diM+s Hkhrj
ds Hkhrj [kks x,A yM+dk vHkh dk vHkh dgk x;k\
2 n'kkarjxkM+h dgk dh dgk igqp hA rqeus og iqLrd dgha dh dgha
j[k nhA ;g dke dc dk dc gqvkA
lw-d Hkh&dHkh nwljk 'kCn vo/kkj.kcks/kd :i esa gh ds lkFk vkrk gS(
tSlus hps dk uhps gh] ;gha dk ;gha] ogha dk oghaA
viw.kZ iqu# 'kCn
503- bu 'kCnksa dk cgqr dqN fopkj }a} lekl ds foospu esa gks pqdk
gSA ;gk buds :iksa dk foLr`r foospu fd;k tkrk gSA ;s 'kCn vkxs fy[kh jhfr;ksa
ls curs gS a
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 339
v nks lkFkZd 'kCnksa ds esy ls] ftuesa nwljk 'kCn ifgys dk lekuqizkl
gksrk gS( tSls
laKk,c hpcpko] ckycPps] nkynfy;k] >xM+k>klk] dkedkt] kkSyki]
tksj'kksj] gypyA
fo'ks"k.kywykyxM+k] ,slkoSlk] dkykdywVk] QVkVwVk] pkSM+kpdjk]
HkjkiwjkA
f;kle>ukcw>uk] ysuknsuk] yM+ukfHkM+uk] cksyukpkyuk] lkspukfopkjukA
vO;;;gkogk] bkjmkj] tgkrgk] nk,ck,] vkjikj] lk>lcsj]s tcrc]
lnkloZnk] tSlsrSlsA
lw- ij fn, gq, vO;; ds mnkgj.kksa esa lewps 'kCn dk vFkZ mlds vO;;ksa
ds vFkZ ls izk;% fHkUu gS( tSls tgkrgk=loZ=k( tcrc=lnk( tSlsrSls=fdlh u fdlh
izdkjA
vk ,d lkFkZd vkSj ,d fujFkZd 'kCn ds esy ls] ftuesa fujFkZd 'kCn
cgqkk lkFkZd 'kCn dk lekuqizkl jgrk gS( tSls]
laKk,V kyeVksy] iwN rkN] <w< <+ k<]+ >kM+>[a kkM+] xkyhxykSt] ckrphr] pky<ky]
HkhM+HkkM+A
fo'ks"k.kV<s k+ es<a k+ ] lhkklknk] HkksykHkkyk] BhdBkd] <hyk<kyk] myVkiqyVkA
f;kn[s kukHkkyuk] kksukkkuk] [khapuk[kkpuk] gksukgokukA
vO;;vkSuis kSu]s vkeuslkeus] vkliklA
lw-} }a lekl ds foospu esa nh gqbZ jhfr ds vuqlkj tks iqu#Dr fujFkZd
'kCn curs gS]a mudk Hkh ,slk gh mi;ksx gksrk gS( tSlis kuhvkuh] fpV~BhbV~BhA
b nks fujFkZd 'kCnksa ds esy ls] tks ,d nwljs ds lekuqizkl jgrs gSa(
tSlv s VjlVj] vaVlaV] vxM+cxM+] VheVke] lVjiVj] gkdkA
lw-v iw.kZ iqu#Dr 'kCnksa dk izpkj cksypky dh Hkk"kk esa vfkd gksrk
gS vkSj f'k"V rFkk f'kf{kr yksx Hkh budk mi;ksx djrs gSaA miU;klksa rFkk ukVd
esa cgqkk cksypky dh Hkk"kk fy[kh tkus ds dkj.k bu 'kCnksa ds iz;ksx ls ,d izdkj
dh LokHkkfodrk rFkk lqanjrk vkrh gSA
vuqdj.kokpd
504- vuqdj.kokpd 'kCnksa dk y{k.k igys dg fn;k x;k gSA ns- vad4 90A
;gk muds lc izdkj ds mnkgj.k fn, tkrs gSa
v laKkcM+cM+] HkuHku] [kV[kV] phapha] fxVfxV] xM+cM+ >u>u] iViV]
cdcd bR;kfnA
lw-d
bZ ,d vkgV izR;;kar 'kCn Hkh vuqdj.kokpd gS(a tSlxs M+cM+kgV]
HkjHkjkgV] lulukgV] xqM+xqM+kgVAs
igyk ifjPNsn
okD; jpuk
igyk v/;k;
izLrkouk
506- O;kdj.k dk eq[; mn~ns'; okD;kFkZ dk Li"Vhdj.k gS vkSj ml Li"Vhdj.k
ds fy, okD; ds vo;oksa dk dsoy :ikarj vkSj iz;ksx gh ugha fdarq mudk ijLij
lacak Hkh tkuuk vko';d gSA ;g fo"k; O;kdj.k ds ml Hkkx esa vkrk gS]
ftls okD;foU;kl dgrs gSaA okD;foU;kl esa 'kCnksa dks muds ijLij lacak ds
vuqlkj ;Fkke esa j[kus dh vkSj muls okD; cukus dh jhfr dk Hkh o.kZu fd;k
tkrk gSA
okD; dk y{k.k igys fy[kk tk pqdk gS ns- vad8 9A
d vFkZ ds vuqlkj okD; vkB izdkj ds gksrs gSa
1 fokkukFkZd ftlls fdlh ckr dk gksuk ik;k tk,( tSlbs na kSj igys
,d xko FkkA euq"; vUu [kkrk gSA
2 fu"kskokpd tks fdlh fo"k; dk vHkko lwfpr djrk gS( tSlfs cuk
ikuh ds dksbZ thokkjh ugha th ldrkA vkidk tkuk mfpr ugha gSA
3 vkKkFkZd ftlls vkKk( fourh ;k mins'k dk vFkZ lwfpr gksrk gS(
tSl;s gk vkvksA ogk er tkukA ekrk firk dk dguk ekuksA
4 iz'ukFkZd ftlls iz'u dk cksk gksrk gS( tSl;s g yM+dk dkSu gS\ ;g
dke dSls fd;k tk;xk\
5 foLe;kfnckskd tks vk'p;Z] foLe; vkfn Hkko crkrk gS( tSlos g
dSlk ew[kZ gS! ,sa! ?kaVk ct x;k!
6 bPNkckskd ftlls bPNk ok vk'kh"k lwfpr gksrh gS] tSlbs 'Z oj lcdk
Hkyk djsA rqEgkjh c<+rh gksA
7 langs lwpd tks langs ;k laHkkouk izdV djrk gS( ;Fkk'kk;n vkt
ikuh cjlsA ;g dke ml yM+ds us fd;k gksxkA xkM+h vkrh gksxhA
342 / fganh O;kdj.kMore Books at Books.Jakhira.com
8 ladrs kFkZ ftlls ladrs vFkkZr~ 'krZ ikbZ tkrh gS( tSlv s ki dgsa rks
eSa tkA ikuh u cjlrk rks kku lw[k tkrkA
507- okD; esa 'kCnksa dk ijLij Bhd Bhd lacak tkuus ds fy, mudk ,d
nwljs ls vUo;] ,d nwljs ij mudk vfkdkj vkSj mudk e tkuus dh vko';drk
gksrh gS( blfy, okD;foU;kl esa bu rhuksa fo"k;ksa dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA
d nks 'kCnksa esa fyax] opu] iq#"k] dkjd vFkok dky dh tks lekurk
jgrh gS mls vUo; dgrs gS(a tSlNs ksVk yM+dk jksrk gSA blesa ^NksVk* 'kCn dk
^yM+dk* 'kCn ls fyax vkSj opu dk vUo; gS] vkSj ^jksrk gS* 'kCn ^yM+dk* 'kCn
ls fyax] opu vkSj iq#"k esa vfUor gSA
[k vfkdkj ml lacak dks dgrs gSa] ftlds dkj.k fdlh ,d 'kCn ds
iz;ksx ls nwljh laKk ;k loZuke fdlh fo'ks"k dkjd esa vkrh gS( tSly s M+dk canj
ls Mjrk gS] bl okD; esa Mjuk f;k ds ;ksx ls ^canj* 'kCn viknku dkjd esa
vk;k gSA
x 'kCnksa dks] muds vFkZ vkSj lacak dh izkkurk ds vuqlkj] okD; esa
;FkkLFkku j[kuk e dgykrk gSA
lw-b l iqLrd esa vUo;] vfkdkj vkSj e ds fu;e vyx&vyx fy[kus
dk iwjk iz;Ru ugha fd;k x;k gS] D;ksafd ,slk djus ls izR;sd 'kCnHksn ds fo"k;
esa dbZ ckj fopkj djuk iM+rk gS vkSj bu fo"k;ksa ds vyx&vyx foHkkx djus
esa dfBukbZ gksrh gSA blfy, vfkdka'k 'kCn Hksnksa dh okD;foU;kl lacakh izk;%
lHkh ckrsa ,d 'kCnHksn ds lkFk ,d gh LFkku esa fy[kh xbZ gSaA
508- okD; esa 'kCnksa dk ijLij lacak nks jhfr;ksa ls cryk;k tk ldrk
gS 1 'kCnksa dks muds vFkZ vkSj iz;ksx ds vuqlkj feykdj okD; cukus ls vkSj
2 okD; ds vo;oksa dks muds vFkZ vkSj iz;ksx ds vuqlkj vyx vyx djus
lsA igyh jhfr dks okD;jpuk vkSj nwljh jhfr dks okD;i`FkDdj.k dgrs gSAa ;g
fiNyh jhfr fganh esa vxjsth ls vkbZ gS] vkSj okD; ds vFkZcksk esa blls cgqr
lgk;rk feyrh gSA bl iqLrd esa nksuksa jhfr dk o.kZu fd;k tk;xkA
509- okD; esa eq[; nks 'kCn gksrs gSa 1 mn~n's ; vkSj 2 foks;A okD;
esa ftl oLrq ds fo"k; esa fokku fd;k tkrk gS] mls lwfpr djusokys 'kCn dks
mn~ns'; dgrs gSa vkSj mn~ns'; ds fo"k; esa fokku djusokyk 'kCn foks; dgykrk
gSA mnkgj.k^ikuh fxjkA* bl okD; esa ^ikuh* 'kCn mn~n's ; vkSj ^fxjk* foks;
gSA tc okD; esa nks gh 'kCn jgrs gSa] rc mn~ns';ksa esa laKk vFkok loZuke vkSj
foks; esa f;k vkrh gSA mn~ns'; dh laKk cgqkk drkZdkjd jgrh gS vkSj f;k
fdlh ,d dky] iq#"k] fyax] opu] okP;] vFkZ vkSj iz;ksx esa vkrh gSA ;fn f;k
ldeZd gks] rks blds lkFk deZ Hkh vkrk gS( tSly s M+dk fp=k [khaprk gSA bl
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 343
okD; esa fp=k deZ gSA okD; ds vkSj Hkh [kaM gksrs gSa( ij os lc eq[; nksuksa [kaMksa
ds vkfJr jgrs gSaA fcuk bu nksuksa vo;oksa vFkkZr~ mn~ns'; vkSj foks; ds okD;
ugha cu ldrk vkSj izR;sd okD; esa ,d laKk vkSj ,d f;k vo'; jgrh gSA
lw-m n~n's ; vkSj foks; dk fo'ks"k foospu blh Hkkx ds nwljs ifjPNsn esa
fd;k tk;xkA
nwljk v/;k;
dkjdksa ds vFkZ vkSj iz;ksx
510- laKkvksa vkSj loZukeksa dk nwljs 'kCnksa ds lkFk] Bhd&Bhd lacak tkuus
ds fy, muds dkjdksa ds fHkUu&fHkUu vFkZ vkSj iz;ksx tkuuk vko';d gSA
1 drkZdkjd
511- fganh esa drkZdkjd ds nks :i gSa 1 vizR;; izkku vkSj 2 lizR;;
vizkkuA
vizR;; drkZdkjd uhps fy[ks vFkks esa vkrk gS
d izkfrifnd ds vFkZ esa fdlh oLrq ds mYys[k ek=k esa ( tSlis .q ;]
iki] yM+dk] osn] lRlax] dkxtA
lw-' kCndks'kksa vkSj ys[kksa ds 'kh"kZdksa esa laKk, blh :i esa vkrh gSAa bl
iqLrd esa vyx&vyx v{kjksa vkSj 'kCnksa ds tks mnkgj.k fn, x, gSa] ;s lc blh
vFkZ esa drkZdkjd gSaA
[k mn~n's ; esia kuh fxjk] ukSdj dke ij Hkstk tk;xk] ge rqEgsa cqykrs gSAa
x mn~n's ;iwfrZ es?a kksMk+ ,d tkuoj gS] ea=kh jktk gks x;k] lkkq pksj fudyk(
flikgh lsukifr cuk;k x;kA
?k Lora=k drkZ ds vFkZ esba l Hkxorh dh ik ls lc fpark, nwj gksdj
cqf) fueZy gqbZ f'ko-( jkr chrdj vkleku ds fdukjksa ij ykyh nkSM+ vkbZ Fkh
xqVdk-( blls vkgkj ipdj mnj gydk gks tkrk gS 'kdq-( dks;yk ty HkbZ
jk[k( ukS ctdj nl feuV gq, gSa( gekjs fe=k] tks dk'kh esa jgrs gSa] muds yM+ds
dk fookg gS( ekeyk vnkyr ds lkeus is'k gksdj] dbZ vkneh bytke esa idM+s
x, lj-A
lw-f tl laKk ;k loZuke dk okD; ds fdlh 'kCn ls laca k ugha jgrk]
vFkok tks dsoy iwoZdkfyd vFkok viw.kZf;k|ksrd nar ls lacak j[krk gS vkSj
1- ,d foHkf ds i'pkr~ nwljh foHkf dk ;ksx gksuk fganh Hkk"kk dh ,d fo'ks"krk gS ftlds dkj.k
dbZ ,d oS;kdj.k bl Hkk"kk ds foHkf izR;;ksa dks Lora=k vO;; vFkok muds viHkza'k ekurs
gSAa laLr esa foHkf ds i'pkr~ dHkh dHkh nwljk izR;; gks tkrk gS( tSlv
s gadkj] eeRo vkfn
esia j foHkfizR;; ugha vkrkA
pkSFkk v/;k;
ms';] deZ vkSj f;k dk vUo;
1 ms'; vkSj f;k dk vUo;
564- tc vizR;; drkZdkjd okD; dk ms'; gksrk gS] rc mlds fyax&opu
vkSj iq#"k ds vuqlkj f;k ds fyax] opu vkSj iq#"k gksrs gS(a tSly s M+dk tkrk
gS] rqe dc vkvksxs] fL=k;k xhr xkrh Fkha] ukSdj xko dks Hkstk tk;xk] ?kaVh ctkbZ
xbZ ns- vad3 66] 367A
lw-l Ha kkO; Hkfo";r~ rFkk fofkdky ds dr`oZ kP; esa vkSj fLFkfrn'kZd ^gksuk*
f;k ds lkekU; orZeku dky esa fyax ds dkj.k f;k dk :ikarj ugha gksrk(
tSlys M+dk tkos] fL=k;k xhr xkos]a ge ;gk gS]a ydM+h rw tkA
565- vknj ds vFkZ esa ,dopu ms'; ds lkFk cgqopu f;k vkrh gS(
tSles js s cM+s HkkbZ vk, gS]a cksys jke tksfj tqx ikuh] egkjkuh nhu fL=k;ksa ij n;k
djrh Fkha] jktdqekj lHkk esa cqyk, x,A
d dfork esa dHkh&dHkh fofkdky vFkok laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ dk e;e iq#"k
vU; mn~n's ; ds lkFk vkrk gS( tSld s jgq lks ee mj kkeA tjkS lqlia fr
lnu] lq[kA
566- tc tkfrokpd laKk ds LFkku esa dksbZ leqnk;okpd laKk ,dopu esa
360 / fganh O;kdj.kMore Books at Books.Jakhira.com
vkrh gS] rc f;k dk fyax opu leqnk;okpd laKk ds vuqlkj gksrk gS(
tSlfs likfg;ksa dk ,d >qMa tk jgk gS] muds dksbZ larku ugha gqb]Z lHkk eaas cgqr
HkhM+ FkhA
567- ;fn iw.kZ f;k dh mn~ns';iwfrZ ds fyax] opu] iq#"k] mn~ns'; ds fyax]
opu] iq#"k ls fHkUu gksa] rks f;k ds fyax( opu] iq#"k cgqkk mn~ns'; gh ds
vuqlkj gksrs gS(a tSlos g Vdlky le>k tkosxk lR;-] csVh fdlh fnu ijk,
?kj dk ku gksrh gS 'kdq-] ge D;k ls D;k gks x, lj-] dkys diM+s 'kksd
ds fp ekus tkrs gSaA nwj ns'k esa clusokyh tkfr ogk ds vlyh jgusokyksa dks
u"V djus dk dkj.k gqbZ lj-A
vi-;fn mn~n's ;iwfrZ dk vFkZ eq[; gks vFkok mlesa mke ;k e;e iq#"k
loZuke vkos] rks f;k ds fyax] opu] iq#"k mn~ns';iwfrZ ds vuqlkj gksrs gSa vkSj
mlds iwoZ lacak dkjd dh foHkf cgqkk mlh ds fyax ds vuqlkj gksrh gS(
tSlfs gTts vkSj :ikarj dk izek.k fganh gks ldrh gS lj-] mudh ,d jdkch
esjk ,d fuokyk gksrk fofp=k-] bu lc lHkkvksa dk eq[; mn~ns'; eSa gh Fkk]
mudh vk'kk rqEgha gks] >wB cksyuk mldh vknr gks xbZ gS] bl ?kksj ;q) dk dkj.k
iztk dh laifk FkhA
lw-f 'k"V ys[kd cgqkk bl ckr dk fopkj j[krs gSa fd mn~n's ;iwfrZ ds
fyax] opu] ;FkklaHko ogh gks] tks mn~n's ; ds gksrs gS(a tSles ksM+h fyfi dSFkh dh
Hkh dkdh gS lj-( mldk dfo Hkh ge yksxksa dk ,d thou gS lR;-( ge yksxksa
ds iwoZ iq#"k egkjkt gfj'panz Hkh Fks rFkk-( ;g rqEgkjh l[kh mudh csVh D;ksadj
gqbZ 'kdq-] egkjkt mlds gkFk ds f[kykSus Fks fofp=k-A
568- ;fn la;kstd leqPp;ckskd ls tqM+h gqbZ ,d iq#"k vkSj ,d gh fyax
dh ,d ls vfkd ,dopu izkf.kokpd laKk, vizR;; drkZdkjd esa vkdj mn~ns';
gksa] rks muds ;ksx ls f;k mlh iq#"k vkSj mlh fyax ds cgqopu esa vk,xh( tSls
fdlh ou esa fgju vkSj dkSvk jgrs Fks( eksgu vkSj lksgu lM+d ij [ksy jgs gSa(
cgw vkSj yM+dh dke dj jgh gSa( pkaMky ds Hks"k esa keZ vkSj lR; vkrs gSa lR;-(
ukbZ vkSj czk.k Vhdk ysdj Hksts x,( ?kksM+k vkSj dqkk ,d txg ckks tkrs Fks(
frryh vkSj ia[kh ps ugha mM+haA
vi-mn~n's ;ksa dh i`Fkdrk ds vFkZ esa f;k cgqkk ,dopu esa vkrh gS(
tSlcs yS vkSj ?kksM+k vHkh igqp k gS( esjs ikl ,d xk; vkSj ,d HkSl a gS( jktkkuh
esa jktk vkSj mldk ea=kh jgrk gS( ogk ,d cqf<+;k vkSj yM+dh vkbZ] dqVqac dk
izR;sd ckyd vkSj o`) bl ckr dk iz;Ru djrk gS lj-A
569- la;kstd leqPp;ckskd ls tqM+h ,d gh iq#"k vkSj fyax dh nks ;k
vfkd vizkf.kokpd vFkok HkkoHkkopd laKk, ;fn ,dopu esa vk, rks f;k
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 361
cgqkk ,dopu gh esa jgrh gS( tSly s M+ds dh nsg esa dsoy yksgw vkSj ekal jg
x;k gS( mldh cqf) dk cy vkSj jkt dk vPNk fu;e blh ,d dke ls ekywe
gks tkosxk xqVdk-( esjh ckrsa lqudj egkjkuh dks g"kZ rFkk vk'p;Z gqvk] dq,
esa ls ?kM+k vkSj yksVk fudyk] dBksj ladh.kZrk esa D;k dHkh ckydksa dks ekufld
iqf"V] fpk dh foLr`fr vkSj pfj=k dh cfy"Brk gks ldrh gS lj-A
v ,sls mnkgj.kksa esa dksb&Z dksbZ ys[kd cgqopu dh f;k ykrs gS(a tSles u
vkSj 'kjhj u"V&Hkz"V gks tkrs gSa lj-( ekrk ds [kkuiku ij Hkh cPps dh fujksxrk
vkSj thou voyafcr gS rFkk-A
570- ;fn fHkUu&fHkUu fyaxksa dh nks ok vfkd izkf.kokpd laKk, ,dopu
esa vkosa rks f;k cgqkk iqfa Yyax cgqopu esa vkrh gS( tSljs ktk vkSj jkuh Hkh
ewPNr gks x, lj-( jktiq=k vkSj ey;orh m|ku dks tk jgs gSa rFkk-( d';i
vkSj vfnfr ckrsa djrs gq, fn[kkbZ fn, 'kdq-( egkjktk vkSj egkjkuh cgqr I;kj
djrs Fks fofp=k- cSy vkSj xk; pjrs gSaA
v dbZ ,d }a} leklksa dk iz;ksx blh izdkj gksrk gS( tSlLs =kh iq=k
Hkh vius ugha jgrs xqVdk-] csVk&csVh lcds ?kj gksrs gSa] muds ek&cki xjhc
FksA
lw-b l fu;e dk fl)kar ;g gS fd iqfa Yyax cgqopu f;k ls fHkUu&fHkUu
mn~ns'; dh dsoy la[;k gh lwfpr djus dh vko';drk gS] mudh tkfr ughaA
;fn f;k L=khfyax cgqopu esa j[kh tk;xh] rks ;g vFkZ gksxk fd L=kh tkfr ds
nks izkf.k;ksa ds fo"k; esa dgk x;k gS] tks ckr ;FkkFkZ esa ugha gSA
571- ;fn fHkUu&fHkUu fyax] opu dh ,d ls vfkd laKk, vizR;;
drkZdkjd esa vkosa rks f;k ds fyax] opu vafre drkZ ds vuqlkj gksrs gSa]
tSles gkjkt vkSj lewph lHkk mlds nks"kksa dks HkyhHkkfr tkurh gS fofp=k-A
xehZ vkSj gok ds >dksjs vkSj Hkh Dys'k nsrs Fks fgr-] ufn;ksa esa jsr vkSj Qy
Qfy;k [ksrksa esa gSa BsB-] blds rhu us=k vkSj pkj Hkqtk, Fkha] bZlk dh thouh
esa muds fglkc dk [kkrk rFkk Mk;jh u feysxh lj-] gkl esa eqg] xky vkSj
vk[ksa Qwyh gqbZ tku iM+rh gSa ukxjh-A
572- fHkUu fHkUu iq#"kksa ds drkZvksa esa ;fn mke iq#"k vkos] rks f;k
mke&iq#"k esa gksxh( vkSj ;fn e;e rFkk vU; iq#"k drkZ gksa] rks f;k e;e
iq#"k jgsxh( tSlgs e vkSj rqe ogk pysxa (s rw vkSj og dy vkuk( rqe vkSj os
dc vkvksxs] og vkSj eSa lkFk i<+rh Fkh( ge vkSj ;wji ds lH; ns'k bl nks"k
ls cps gSa fofp=k-A
573- tc vusd laKk, drkZdkjd esa vkdj fdlh ,d gh izk.kh ok inkFkZ
dks lwfpr djrh gS]a rc mudh f;k ,dopu esa vkrh gS( tSl;s g izfl) ukfod
362 / fganh O;kdj.kMore Books at Books.Jakhira.com
vkSj izoklh lu~ 1506 bZ- esa ijyksd dks flkkjk( muds oa'k esa dksbZ ukeysok vkSj
ikuhnsok ugha jgkA
v ;gh fu;e iqLrdksa vkfn ds la; q ukeksa esa ?kfVr gksrk gS( tSl^s ikoZrh
vkSj ;'kksnk* bafM;u izsl ls Nih gS] ^;'kksnk vkSj Jh".k* fdldk fy[kk gqvk gSA
574- ;fn dbZ drkZ foHkktd leqPp;ckskd ds }kjk tqMs+ gksa rks vafre
drkZ f;k ls vfUor gksrk gS( tSlbs l dke esa dksbZ gkfu vFkok ykHk ugha gqvk]
eSa ;k esjk HkkbZ tk;xk( ek;k feyh u jke( iksfFk;k ;k lkfgR; fdl fpfM+;k dk
uke gS fofp=k-] ;s vFkok rqe ogk Bgj tkukA
575- ;fn ,d ok vfkd mn~ns';ksa dk dksbZ lekukfkdj.k 'kCn gks rks f;k
mlh ds vuqlkj gksrh gS( tSlv s "Vegkflf)] uofufk] ckjgksa iz;ksx] vkfn nsork
vkrs gSa lR;-] enZ vkSjr lHkh pkSdksj psgjs ds gksrs gSa lj-] ku kjrh lcdk
lc gkFk fudy x;k xqVdk- L=kh vkSj iq=k dksbZ lkFk ugha tkrk] ,slh ifrozrk
L=kh] ,slk vkKkdkjh iq=k] vkSj ,sls rqe vki;g la;ksx ,slk gqvk ekuks J)k
vkSj fok vkSj fofk rhuksa bdV~Bs gq, 'kdq-] lqjk vkSj lqanjh nks gh rks izkf.k;ksa
dks ikxy cukus dh 'kf j[krh gSa fryks-A
lw-^ fofp=k fopj.k* esa ^bZeku vkSj tku nksuksa gh cph*] ;g okD; vk;k
gSA blesa f;k iqafYyax esa pkfg,] D;ksafd ms'; dh nksuksa laKk, fHkUu fyax dh
gSa ns- vad5 68 lw-] vkSj muds fy, tks leqnk;okpd 'kCn vk;k gS] og Hkh
nksuksa dk cksk djrk gSA laHko gS fd ^cph* 'kCn Nkis dh Hkwy gksA
2 deZ vkSj f;k dk vUo;
576- ldeZd f;kvksa ds Hkwrdkfyd nar ls cus gq, dkyksa ds lkFk tc
lizR;; drkZdkjd vkSj vizR;; deZdkjd vkrk gS] rc deZ ds fyax] opu] iq#"k
ds vuqlkj f;k ds fyaxkfn gksrs gSa ns- vad5 18( tSly s M+ds us iqLrd i<+h(
geus [ksy ns[kk gS( L=kh us fp=k cuk, Fks( iafMr us ;g fy[kk gksxkA
577- deZdkjd vkSj f;k ds vUo; ds vfkdka'k fu;e ms'; vkSj f;k
ds vUo; ds gh leku gSa] blfy, ge mUgsa ;gk la{ksi esa fy[kdj mnkgj.kksa ds
}kjk Li"V djrs gSa
v ,d gh fyax vkSj ,dopu dh vusd izkf.kokpd laKk, vizR;;
deZdkjd esa vkos]a rks f;k mlh fyax ds cgqopu esa vkrh gS( tSles uaS s xk;
vkSj HkSal eksy yh( f'kdkjh us HksfM+;k vkSj phrk ns[ks( egktu us ogk yM+dk vkSj
Hkrhtk Hksts( geus ukrh&iksrk ns[ksA
lw-v
izR;; deZdkjd esa mke vkSj e;e iq#"k ugha vkrsA
vk ;fn vussd laKkvksa ls i`Fkdrk dk cksk gks] rks f;k ,dopu esa
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 363
vk;xh( tSles uaS s ,d ?kksMk+ vkSj ,d cSy cspk( egktu us viuk yM+dk vkSj
Hkrhtk Hkstk( fdlku us ,d xk; vkSj ,d HkSal eksy yh( geus ukrh&iksrk ns[kkA
b ;fn ,d gh fyax dh ,dopu vizkf.kokpd vFkok Hkkookpd laKk,
deZ gks]a rks f;k ,dopu esa vk;xh( tSles uaS s dq, esa ls ?kM+k vkSj yksVk fudkyk]
mlus lwbZ vkSj da?kh lanwd esa j[k nh] flikgh us ;q) esa lkgl vkSj khjt fn[kk;kA
bZ ;fn fHkUu&fHkUu fyaxksa dh vusd izfk.kokpd laKk, ,dopu esa vkosa]
rks f;k cgqkk iqfa Yyax cgqopu esa vkrh gS( tSlgs eus yM+dk vkSj yM+dh ns[ks]
jktk us nkl vkSj nklh Hksts] fdlku us cSy vkSj xk; csps FksA
m ;fn fHkUu&fHkUu fyax] opu dh ,d ls vfkd laKk, vizR;; deZdkjd
esa vkosa rks f;k vafre deZ ds vuqlkj gksxh( tSlms lus esjs okLrs lkr dehtsa
vkSj dbZ diM+s rS;kj fd, Fks fofp=k-] eSaus fd'rh esa ,d lkS ejs cSy( rhu
lkS HksM+sa vkSj [kkus&ihus ds fy, jksfV;k vkSj 'kjkc Hkjiwj j[k yh Fkha rFkk-] mlus
ogk ns[kjs[k vkSj izcak fd;kA
tc vusd laKk, vizR;; deZdkjd esa vkdj fdlh ,d gh oLrq
dks lwfpr djrh gS]a rc f;k ,dopu esa vkrh gS( tSles uaS s ,d vPNk iM+kl s h
vkSj fe=k ik;k gS] yM+dh us ^ekrk vkSj dU;k* i<+hA
_ ;fn dbZ deZ foHkktd leqPp;ckskd ds }kjk tqM+s gksa] rks f;k vafre
deZ ds vuqlkj gksrh gS( tSlrs eq us Vksih ;k dqrkZ fy;k gksxk] yM+ds us iqLrd]
dkxt vFkok isafly ikbZ FkhA
, ;fn deZ ;k deks dk dksbZ lekukfkdj.k 'kCn gks] rks f;k blh ds
vuqlkj gksrh gS( tSlms lus ku] larku] vkjksX;rk vkfn lc dqN ik;k] gfj'panz
us jktikV] iq=k] L=kh] ?kj] }kj lc dqN R;kx fn;kA
,s ;fn viw.kZ ldeZd f;kvksa dh iwfrZ ns- vad1 95 fyax] opu ls
deZ ds fyax] opu fHkUu gksa] rks f;k ds fyax] opu iq#"k deZ ds vuqlkj gksrs
gS( tSlms lus viuk 'kjhj feh dj fy;k] geus viuh Nkrh iRFkj dj yh] D;k
rqeus esjk ?kj viuh cikSrh le> fy;k\
vks ;fn deZiwfrZ ds vFkZ dh izkkurk gks rks dHkh&dHkh f;k ds fyax]
opu mlh ds vuqlkj gksrs gS(a tSls n; Hkh bZ'oj us D;k gh oLrq cukbZ gS lR;-A
578- uhps fy[kh jpukvksa esa f;k lnSo iqafYyax ,dopu vkSj vU; iq#"k
esa jgrh gS ns- vad3 68A
d ;fn vdeZd f;k dk mn~n's ; lizR;; gks( tSles uaS s ugha ugk;k] yM+dh
dks tkuk Fkk] jksxh ls cSBk ugha tkrk] ;g ckr lqurs gh mls jksuk vk;kA
[k ;fn ldeZd f;k dk mn~ns'; vkSj eq[; deZ] nksuksa lizR;; gksa( tSls]
ikpok v/;k;
loZuke
580- loZuke ds vfkdka'k vFkZ vkSj iz;ksx rFkk oxhZdj.k 'kCnlkku ds
izdj.kksa esa fy[ks tk pqds gSaA ;gk muds iz;ksxksa dk fopkj nwljs 'kCnksa ds lacak
ls fd;k tkrk gSA
581- iq#"kokpd] fu'p;okpd vkSj lacakokpd loZuke ftu laKkvksa ds
cnys esa vkrs gSa] muds fyax vkSj opu loZukeksa esa ik, tkrs gSa( ijarq laKkvksa
dk dkjd loZuke esa gksuk vko';d ugha gS(a tSly s M+ds us dgk fd eSa tkrk
gw( firk us iqf=k;ksa ls iwNk fd rqe fdlds HkkX; ls [kkrh gks( tks u lqus rsfg
dk dfg;s( yM+ds ckgj [kM+s gSa] mUgsa Hkhrj cqykvksA
lkrok v/;k;
dkyksa ds vFkZ vkSj iz;ksx
1 laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ dky
593- laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ dky uhps fy[ks vFkks esa vkrk gS
v laHkkouk vkt 'kk;n ikuh cjls] dgha og ykSV u vkos] gks u gks]
jke tkusA
bl vFkZ esa laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ ds lkFk cgqkk ^'kk;n* dnkfpr~] ^dgha* vkfn
vkrs gSaA
vk fujk'kk vFkok ijke'kZ vc eSa D;k d:\ ge ;g yM+dh fdldks nsa\
;g vFkZ cgqkk iz'uokpd okD;ksa esas gksrk gSA
b bPNk] vk'khokZn] 'kki eSa ;g ckr jktk dks lquk] vkidk Hkyk gks(
bZ'oj vkidh c<+rh djs] eSa pkgrk gw fd dksbZ esjs eu dh Fkkg ysos xqVdk-
xkt ijS mu yksxu iSA
vkBok v/;k;
f;kFkZd laKk
615- f;kFkZd laKk dk iz;ksx lkkkj.kr% Hkkookpd laKk ds leku gksrk
gS] blfy, bldk iz;ksx cgqopu esa ugha gksrk( tSld s guk lgt gS ij djuk
dfBu gSA
v bl laKk dk :ikarj vkdkjkar laKk ds leku gksrk gS( vkSj tc bldk
mi;ksx fo'ks"k.k ds leku gksrk gS] rc blesa dHkh&dHkh fyasx vkSj opu ds dkj.k
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 379
fodkj gksrk gSA ;g laKk cgqkk lacksku dkjd esa ugha vkrh ns- vad3 72v
vkSj 616A
vk f;kFkZd laKk dk ms'; lacak dkjd esa vkrk gS( ijarq vizkf.kokpd
drkZ dh foHkfDr cgqkk yqIr jgrh gS( tSly s M+ds dk tkuk Bhd ugha gSA fganv q ksa
dks xk; dk ekjk tkuk lgu ugha gksrkA jkr dks ikuh cjluk 'kq: gqvkA fiNys
mnkgj.k esa ikuh dk cjluk Hkh dg ldrs gSaA
lw-n ks Hkwrdkfyd f;kvksa dh ledkyhurk crkus ds fy, igyh f;k
^Fkk* ds lkFk f;kFkZd laKk ds :i esa vkrh gS( tSlms ldk ogk igqp uk Fkk
fd fpV~Bh vk xbZA
b laKk ds leku f;kFkZd laKk ds iwoZ fo'ks"k.k vkSj i'pkr~ lacaklwpd
vO;; vk ldrk gS% lqanj fy[kus ds fy, mls buke feykA
bZ ldeZd f;kFkZd laKk ds lkFk mldk deZ vkSj viw.kZ f;kFkZd laKk
ds lkFk mldh iwfrZ vk ldrh gS vkSj lc izdkj dh f;kvksa ls cuh f;kFkZd
laKkvksa ds lkFk f;kfo'ks"k.k vFkok vU; dkjd vk ldrs gS(a tSl;s g dke
tYnh djus esa ykHk gSA ea=kh ds vpkud jktk cu tkus ls ns'k esa xM+cM+h ep
xbZA >wB dks lp dj fn[kkuk dksbZ gels lh[k tk,A iRuh dk ifr ds lkFk fprk
esa HkLe gksuk fganqvksa esa izkphu dky ls pyk vkrk gSA
m fdlh&fdlh f;kFkZd laKk dk mi;ksx tkfrokpd laKk ds leku gksrk
gS( tSlxs kuk xhr] [kkuk Hkkstu] eqlyekuksa esa >juk lksrkA
tc f;kFkZd laKk foks; esa vkrh gS] rc mldk izkf.kokpd ms';
lainz ku dkjd esa vkSj vizkf.kokpd ms'; drkZ dkjd esa jgrk gS( tSles >q s tkuk
gSA yM+ds dks viuk dke djuk FkkA bl lxqu ls D;k Qy gksuk gSA tks gksuk
Fkk lks gks fy;kA
616- tc f;kFkZd laKk dk mi;ksx] fodYi ls] fo'ks"k.k ds leku gksrk
gS] ml le; mlds fyax] opu] drkZ vFkok deZ ds vuqlkj gksrs gS(a tSles > q s
nokbZ ihuh iM+sxhA tks ckr gksuh Fkh] lks gks yhA eq>s lcds uke fy[kus gksaxsA
bu mnkgj.kksa esa e'k% ihuk] gksuk vkSj fy[kuk Hkh 'kq) gSA gksuhHkouh;k]
ihuh&ikuh;k vkSj fy[kuky[s kuh;kA
617- f;kFkZd laKk dk laiznku dkjd cgqkk fufek ok iz;kstu ds vFkZ
esa vkrk gS] ij dHkh&dHkh mldh foHkfDr dk yksi gks tkrk gS( tSlos s mUgsa ysus
dks x, gSaA eSa blh yM+dh ds ekjus dks ryokj yk;k gw xqVdk-A vkils dqN
ekxus dks vk, gSaA
v cksypky esa cgqkk okD; dh eq[; f;k ls cuh gqbZ f;kFkZd laKk
dk lainz ku dkjd bPNk ok fo'ks"krk vFkZ lwfpr djrk gS] tSlt s kus dks rks eSa
ogk tk ldrk gw] dgus dks rks og ;g ys[k fy[k ldrk gSA
uok v/;k;
nar
620- f;kFkZd laKk ds flok fganh esa tks vkSj d`nar gSa os :ikarj ds vkkkj
ij nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa 1 fodkjh] 2 vfodkjhA fQj buesa ls izR;sd ds vFkZ
ds vuqlkj dbZ Hksn gksrs gS(a ;Fkk
1 orZekudkfyd d`nar
1 fodkjh 2 Hkwrdkfyd d`nra
3 drZokpd d`nar
1 viw.kZ f;k|ksrd d`nar
2 vfodkjh 2 iw.kZ f;k|ksrd d`nar
3 rkRdkfyd d`nar
4 iwoZdkfyd d`nar
nlok v/;k;
la;qDr f;k,
628- ftu vokkj.kckskd la;qDr f;kvksa cksyuk] dguk] jksuk] gluk vkfn
ds lkFk vpkudrk ds vFkZ esa ^vkuk* f;k vkrh gS muds lkFk cgqkk izkf.kokpd
drkZ jgrk gS vkSj og lainz ku dkjd esa vkrk gS] tSlms ldh lqudj eq>s jksuk
vk;k] ksk esa euq"; dks dqN dk dqN dguk vkrk gSA
629- vko';drkckskd f;kvksa dk izkf.kokpd ms'; laiznku dkjd esa
vkrk gS vkSj vizkf.kokpd mn~n's ; drkZdkjd esa jgrk gS( tSles >
q dks tkuk gS]
vkidks cSBuk iM+sxk] gesa og dke djuk pkfg,] vHkh cgqr dke gksuk gS] ?kaVk
ctuk pkfg,A ^iM+uk* f;k ds lkFk cgqkk izkf.kokpd drkZ vkrk gSA
630- ^pkfg,* f;k esa drkZ ok deZ ds iq#"k vkSj fyax ds vuqlkj dksbZ
fodkj ugha gksrk] ijarq deZ ds vuqlkj ;g dHkh&dHkh cny tkrh gS( tSlgs essa
lc dke djus pkfg, ijh-A ;g iz;ksx lkoZf=kd ugha gSA
v lkekU; Hkwrdky esa ^pkfg,* ds lkFk ^Fkk* f;k vkrh gS] tks deZ
ds vuqlkj fodYi ls cnyrh gS( tSles >q s mudh lsok djuk pkfg, Fkk vFkok
djuk pkfg, FkhA ;gk ^djuk* f;kFkZd laKk dk Hkh :ikarj gks ldrk gS
ns- vad4 05A
X;kjgok v/;k;
vO;;
639- lacakokpd f;kfo'ks"k.k f;k dh fo'ks"krk crkus ds flok okD;ksa
dks Hkh tksMr+ s gS(a tSlt
s gk u tk; jfo] rgk tk; dfo] tc rd thuk rc
rd lhukA
640- ^tc rd* f;kfo'ks"k.k cgqkk laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ rFkk nwljs dkyksa ds
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 389
lkFk vkrk gS vkSj f;k ds iwoZ fu"kskokpd vO;; yk;k tkrk gS( tSlt s c rd
eSa u tk] rc rd rqe ;gk Bgjuk] tc rd eSaus #i;s dh ckr ugha fudkyh]
rc rd os esjs ;gk vkrs jgsA
641- tc ^tgk* dk vFkZ dky ok voLFkk dk gksrk gS] rc mlds lkFk
cgqkk viw.kZ Hkwrdky vkrk gS( tSlbs l dke esa tgk igys fnu yxrs Fks] ogk
vc ?kaVs yxrs gSa] tgk og eq>ls lh[krs Fks] ogk vc eq>s fl[kkrs gaSA
642- u] ugha] erA ^u* lkekU; orZeku] viw.kZHkwr vkSj vklUuHkwr iw.kZ
orZeku dkyksa dks NksM+dj cgqkk vU; dkyksa esa vkrk gSA ^ugha* laHkkO; Hkfo";r~]
f;kFkZd laKk rFkk nwljs d`nar] fofk vkSj ladsrkFkZ dkyksa esa cgqkk ugha vkrkA
^er* dsoy fofkdky esa vkrk gSA mnkgj.kyM+dk ogk u x;k] ukSdj dHkh u
vkosxk] esjs lkFk dksbZ u jgs] ge dgha Bgj ugha ldrs] cnyk u ysuk 'k=kq ls
dSlk vkeZ vuFkZ gS!* ds-d- mldk keZ er NqM+kvks lR;-A
643- la;kstd leqP;ckskd leku 'kCn Hksn] laKkvksa ds leku dkjd vkSj
f;kvksa ds leku vFkZ vkSj dkyksa dks tksMr+ s gS(a tSlv s kyw] xksHkh vkSj cSxu dh
rjdkjh vkSj nky&HkkrA gM+rky okLro esa] etnwjksa ds gkFk esa] ,d cM+k gh fodV
vkSj deZ fl) djusokyk gfFk;kj gSA mu yksxksa us bldk [kwc gh Lokxr fd;k
gksxk vkSj cM+s pSu ls fnu dkVs gksaxsA
v ;fn okD; dh f;kvksa dk lacak fHkUu&fHkUu dkyksa ls gks] rks os
fHkUu&fHkUu dkyksa esa jgdj Hkh la;kstd leqPp;ckskd ds }kjk tksM+h tk ldrh
gS(a tSl?s kj esa jgk gw] jgrk gw] vkSj jgwx k] og losjs vk;k Fkk vkSj 'kke dks
pyk tk;xkA
644- ladsrokpd leqPp;ckskd cgqkk laHkkoukFkZ vkSj ladsrkFkZ dkyksa esa
vkrs gS]a tSlt s ks eSa u vk] rks rqe pys tkukA ;fn le; ij ikuh cjlrk]
rks Qly u"V u gksrh gSA
645- ^pkgs pkgs* laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ dky ds lkFk vkSj ^ekuks* cgqkk laHkkO;
orZeku ds lkFk vkrk gS( tSlv s ki pkgs njckj esa jgs]a pkgs euekuk [kpZ ysdj
rhFkZ;k=kk dks tkosaA ogk vpkud ,slk 'kCn gqvk ekuks ckny xjtrs gksaA
646- tc ^u u* dk vFkZ ladsrokpd gksrk gS] rc og lkekU; ladsrkFkZ
vFkok Hkfo";r~ dky ds lkFk vkrk gS( tSlus vki ;g ckr dgrs u eSa vki
ls vizlUUk gksrk] u eq>s le; feysxk] u eSa vkils fey ldwxkA
647- tc ^fd* dk vFkZ dkyokpd gksrk gS] rc Hkwrdky dh ?kVuk lwfpr
djus esa blds iwoZ cgqkk iw.kZ Hkwrdky vkrk gS( tSlos s FkksM+h gh nwj x, Fks fd
,d egk'k; feysA ckr iwwjh Hkh u gks ikbZ Fkh fd og cksy mBkA
ckjgok v/;k;
v;kgkj
651- dHkh&dHkh okD; esa la{ksi vFkok xkSjo ykus ds fy, dqN ,sls 'kCn
NksM+ fn, tkrs gSa] tks okD; ds vFkZ ij ls lgt gh tkus vFkok le>s tk ldrs
gSAa Hkk"kk ds bl O;ogkj dks v;kgkj dgrs gSAa mnkgj.keaS rsjh ,d Hkh
us lquxw kA nwj ds <ksy lqgkous A dksb&Z dksbZ tarq rSjrs fQjrs gS(a tSles Nfy;k A
652- v;kgkj nks izdkj dk gksrk gS 1 iw.kZ] 2 viw.kZA
1 iw.kZ v;kgkj esa NksMk+ gqvk 'kCn igys dHkh ughaa vkrk( tSlgs ekjh
vkSj mudh vPNh fuHkh] eksfj lqkkjfga lks lc Hkkrh jke-A
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 391
2 viw.kZ v;kgkj esa NksMk+ gqvk 'kCn ,d ckj igys vk pqdrk gS( tSljs ke
bruk prqj ugha gS ftruk ';ke A xjeh ls ikuh QSyrk vkSj gydk
gksrk gSA
653- iw.kZ v;kgkj uhps fy[ks 'kCnksa esa gksrk gSA
v ns[kuk] dguk vkSj lquuk f;kvksa ds lkekU; orZeku vkSj vklUu
Hkwrdkyksa esa drkZ cgqkk yqIr jgrk gS( tSls ns[krs gSa fd ;q) fnu&fnu c<+rk
tkrk gSA dgk Hkh gS fd tSlh djuh oSlh HkjuhA lqurs gSa fd os vkt vk;xsA
vk fofk dky esa drkZ cgqkk yqIr jgrk gS( tSls vkb,A ogk
er tkukA
b ;fn izlax ls ^vFkZ Li"V gks lds rks cgqkk drkZ vkSj lacak dkjd
dk yksi dj nsr(s tSlms ldk cki cM+k kuk< Fkk] ?kj ds vkxs lnk gkFkh
>wek djrk Fkk] ku ds en esa lcls cSj fojksk j[krk Fkk] dks ohj flag
ikp gh cjl dk NksM+ ds ej x;k xqVdk-A
bZ lacakokpd f;kfo'ks"k.k vkSj ladsrokpd leqPp;ckskd ds lkFk
^gksuk*] ^gks ldrk*] ^cu lduk* vkfn f;kvksa dk mn~n's ;tlS t s gk rd
gks tYnh vkuk] tks eq>ls u gks ldrk rks ;g ckr eqg ls D;ksa fudkyrk(
tSls cuk rSls mUgsa izlUu j[kus dk iz;Ru vki lnSo djrs jgsAa
m ^tkuuk* f;k ds laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ dky esa vU; iq#"k drkZ( tSlrs Eq gkjs
eu esa u tkus D;k lksp gS] D;k tkus fdlh ds eu esa D;k gSA
NksVs&NksVs iz'uokpd rFkk vU; okD;ksa esa tc drkZ dk vuqeku f;k
ds :i ls gks ldrk gS] rc mldk yksi dj nsrs gS]a tSlDs ;k ogk tkrs
gks\ gks] tkrk gwA vc rks ejrs gSaA
_ O;kid vFkZokyh ldeZd f;kvksa dk deZ yqIr jgrk gS( tSlcs fgu
rqEgkjh >kM+ jgh gSA yM+dk i<+ ldrk gS] ij fy[k ugha ldrkA
cfgjks lquS xwx iqfu cksySA
, fo'ks"k.k vFkok lacakdkjd ds i'pkr~ ^ckr*] ^gky*] ^laxfr* vkfn
vFkZokys fo'ks"; dk yksi gks tkrk gS( tSlns l w jksa dh D;k pykbZ] blesa jktk
Hkh dqN ugha dj ldrkA tgk pkjksa bdV~Bh gksa ogk dk D;k dgukA lqkjh
fcxjS osxgh] fcxjh fQj lqkjS uA gekjh vkSj mudh vPNh fuHkhA
,s ^gksuk* f;k ds orZeku dky ds :i cgqkk dgkorksa esa] fu"kskokpd
foks; esa rFkk mn~xkj esa yqIr jgrs gS(a tSlns jw ds <ksy lqgkous A eSa ogk
tkus dk ugha A egkjkt dh t; A vidks iz.kke A
vks dHkh&dHkh Lo:ickskd leqPp;ckskd dk yksi fodYi ls gksrk gS(
tSlus kSdj cksyk egkjkt] iqjksfgr th vk, gSAa D;k tkus fdlh ds eu esa
D;k Hkjk gSA dfork esa bldk yksi cgqkk gksrk gS( tSly s "ku] y[ksm] Hkk vujFk
392 / fganh O;kdj.kMore Books at Books.Jakhira.com
vktwA frg gfldS fi; lksa dks] y[kkS fnBkSuk nhUgA
vkS ^;fn* vkSj ^;|fi* vkSj muds fuR;lacakh leqPp;ckskdksa dk Hkh
dHkh&dHkh yksi gksrk gS( tSls vki cqjk u ekusa rks ,d ckr dgwA ge tks
,sls nq%[k esa gSa gesa dksbZ NqM+kusokyk pkfg,A
va ^vkSj* ^blfy,* vkfn leqPp;ckskd Hkh dHkh&dHkh yqIr jgrs gSa(
tSlrs kck [knku ls fudyrk gS] bldk jax yky gksrk gSA esjs HkDrksa ij
HkhM+ iM+h gS] bl le; pydj mudh fpark esVk pkfg,A
654- viw.kZ v;kgkj uhps fy[ks LFkkuksa esa gksrk gS
v ,d okD; esa drkZ dk mYys[k dj nwljs okD; esa cgqkk mldk v;kgkj
dj nsrs gS(a tSlgs e yksx j?kqo'a kh dU;k ugha ikyrs] vkSj dHkh fdlh ds
lkys&llqj ugha dgykrsA vki vius&vius yM+dksa dks Hkstsa vkSj O;; vkfn
dh dqN fpark u djsaA
vk ;fn ,d okD; esa lizR;; drkZ dkjd vkos vkSj nwljs esa vizR;;]
rks fiNys drkZ dk v;kgkj dj fy;k tkrk gS( tSles aS cgqr ns'kkarjksa esa ?kwe
pqdk gw] ij ,slh vkcknh dgha ugha ns[kh fofp=k-A eSaus ;g in R;kx fn;k
vkSj ,d nwljs LFkku esa tkdj keZxzaFkksa dk v;;u djus yxk lj-A
b ;fn vusd fo'ks"k.kksa dk ,d gh fo'ks"; gks vkSj mlls ,dopu dk
cksk gks] rks mldk ,d gh ckj mYys[k gksrk gS( tSld s kyh vkSj uhyh L;kghA
xksy vkSj lqanj pssgjkA
bZ ;fn ,d gh f;k dk vUo; dbZ mn~ns';ksa ds lkFk gks] rks mldk mYys[k
dsoy ,d gh ckj gksrk gS( tSljs ktk&jkuh vkSj jktdqekj jktkkuh dks ykSV vk,A
isM+ esa Qy vkSj Qwy fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA
m vusd eq[; f;kvksa dh ,d gh lgk;d f;k gks] rks mldk mi;ksx
dsoy ,d ckj vafre f;k ds lkFk gksrk gS( tSlfs e=krk gekjs vkuan dks c<+krh
vkSj d"V dks ?kVkrh gSA ;gk feh ds f[kykSus cuk, vkSj csps tkrs gSaA
lerklwwpd okD;ksa esa miekuokys okD; ds mn~ns'; dks NksM+dj cgqkk
vkSj lc 'kCnksa dk yksi dj nsrs gS(a tSljs ktk ,sls nhfIreku gS]a ekuks lku dk
p<+k ghjkA dksb&Z dksbZ tarq rSjrs fQjrs gS(a tSles Nfy;kA
_ tc i{kkarj ds lacak esa iz'u djus ds fy, ^;k* ds lkFk ^ugha* dk
mi;ksx djrs gS]a rc igys okD; dk yksi dj nsrs gS(a tSlrs eq ogk tkvksxs ;k
ugha\ mlus rqEgsa cqyk;k Fkk ;k ughaa\
, iz'ukFkZd okD; ds mkj esa cgqkk ogh ,d 'kCn j[kk tkrk gS ftlds
fo"k; esa iz'u fd;k tkrk gS( tSl;s g iqLrd fdldh gS\ esjhA D;k og vkrk
gS\ gk] vkrk gSA
,s iz'uokpd vO;; ^D;k* dk cgq/kk yksi gks tkrk gS] rc ys[k esa iz'ufp
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 393
ls vkSj Hkk"k.k esa Loj ds >Vds ls iz'u le>k tkrk gS( tSlrs eq tkvksx\s ukSdj
?kj esa gS\
655- fganh esa 'kCnksa ds leku cgqkk izR;;ksa dk Hkh v;kgkj gks tkrk gS]
vkSj vU;kU; izR;;ksa dh vis{kk foHkfDr izR;;ksa dk v;kgkj dqN vfkd gksrk gSA
v ;fn dbZ laKkvksa esa ,d gh foHkfDr dk ;ksx gks] rks mldk mi;ksx
dsoy vafre 'kCn ds lkFk gksrk gS vkSj 'ks"k 'kCn lkkkj.k vFkok fod`r :i esa
vkrs gS(a tSlbs lds jax] :i vkSj xq.k esa Hksn gks pyk ukxjh-A os Q'kZ] dqlhZ
vkSj dkspksa ij mBrs&cSBrs gSa fo|k xk;ksa] HkSlksa] cdfj;ksa] HksM+ksa vkfn dh uly
lqkkjuk lj-A
vk deZ] dj.k vkSj vfkdj.k dkjdksa ds izR;;ksa dk cgqkk yksi gksrk
gS( tSlis kuh ykvksA ;k=kh o`{k ds lgkjs [kM+k gks x;kA yM+dk fdl fnu vk,xk\
b lkekU; Hkfo";r~ dky dk izR;; dHkh&dHkh nks ikl&ikl vkusokyh
f;kvksa esa ls cgq/kk fiNyh f;k gh esa tksMk+ tkrk gS( tSlos gk ge yksx dqN
[kk, fi,xs] D;k ogk dksbZ vkt tk,xk ugha\
bZ dj] okyk] e;] iwoZd] vkfn izR;;ksa dk dHkh&dHkh v;kgkj gksrk gS(
tSlns [s k vkSj lqudj] vkus vkSj tkusokys] ty vFkok Fkye; izn's k] HkfDr rFkk
iszeiwoZdA
lw-v
;kgkj ds vU;kU; mnkgj.k rRlaca kh fu;eksa ds lkFk ;FkkLFkku fn,
x, gSaA
rsjgok v/;k;
ine
656- :ikarj'khy Hkk"kkvksa esa ine ij vfkd ;ku fn;k tkrk gS] D;ksafd
muesa cgqkk 'kCnksa ds :iksa gh ls mudk vFkZ vkSj lacak lwfpr gks tkrk gSA vYifod`r
Hkk"kkvksa esa ine dk vfkd ego gSA laLd`r igys izdkj dh vkSj vxjsth
nwljs izdkj dh Hkk"kk gSA fganh Hkk"kk laLd`r ls fudyh gS] blfy, blesa ine
dk ego vxjsth ds leku ugha gSA rks Hkh og blesa ,d izdkj ls LokHkkfod
vkSj fuf'pr gSA fo'ks"k izlax ij oDr`rk vkSj dfork esa oDrk vkSj ys[kd dh
bPNk ds vuqlkj ine ls tks varj iM+rk gS] mldks vkyadkfjd ine dgrs
gSaA blds fo#) nwljk ine lkkkj.k fdaok O;kdj.kh; ine dgykrk gSA
vkyadkfjd ine ds fu;e crkuk cgqr dfBu gS vkSj ;g fu;e O;kdj.k
ls fHkUu Hkh gS] blfy, ;gk dsoy lkkkj.k ine ds fu;e fy[ks tk;xsA
pkSngok v/;k;
in&ifjp;
673- okD; dk vFkZ iw.kZr;k le>us ds fy, O;kdj.k 'kCn dh lgk;rk
visf{kr gS] vkSj ;g lgk;rk okD;xr 'kCnksa ds :i vkSj mudk ijLij lacak
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 397
trkus esa iM+rh gSA bl izf;k dks in&ifjp;1 dgrs gSaA ;g in&ifjp; O;kdj.k
lacakh Kku dh ijh{kk vkSj ml fo|k ds fl)karksa dk O;kogkfjd mi;ksx gSA
674- izR;sd 'kCnHksn dh O;k[;k esa tks o.kZu vko';d gS og uhps fy[kk tkrk gS
1 LkaKkid z kj] fyax] opu] dkjd] laca kA
2 loZukeid z kj] izfrfufgr] laKk] fyax] opu] dkjd] laca kA
3 fo'ks"k.kid z kj] fo'ks";] fyax] opu] fodkj gks rks] laca kA
4 f;kid z kj] okD;] vFkZ] dky] iq#"k] fyax] opu] iz;ksxA
5 f;kfo'ks"k.kid z kj] fo'ks";] fodkj gks rks] lac/a kA
6 leqPp;cks/kdid z kj] vfUor 'kCn okD;ka'k vFkok okD;A
7 lac/a klwpdid z kj] fodkj gks rks] lac/a kA
8 foLe;kfncks/kdid z kj] lac/a k gks rksA
lw-' kCnksa dk izdkj crkrs le; muds O;qRifk laca kh Hksn: <+] ;kSfxd
vkSj ;ksx:<+H kh crkuk vko';d gSA
675- vc in&ifjp; ds dbZ ,d mnkgj.k fn, tkrs gSaA igys ljy
okD;jpuk ds fQj vkSj dfBu okD;jpuk ds 'kCnksa dh O;k[;k fy[kh tk;xhA
d ljy okD;jpuk ds 'kCn
1 okD;okg! D;k gh vkuan dk le; gS!
okg :<+ foLe;kfnckskd vO;;] vk'p;ZckskdA
D;k gh ;kSfxd] fo'ks"k.k] vokkj.kckskd] izdkjokpd] lkoZukfed fo'ks";
^vkuan*] vfodkjh 'kCnA
vkuan dk ;kSfxd laKk] Hkkookpd] iqafYyax] ,dopu] lacakdkjd] lacakh
'kCn ^le;*A
le; :<+ laKk] Hkkookpd] iqafYyax] ,dopu] izkku drkZ dkjd] gS] f;k
ls vfUorA
gS ewy vdeZdf;k] fLFkfrckskd drZokP;] fu'p;kFkZ o lkekU; orZeku
dky] vU; iq#"k] iqafYayx] ,dopu ^le;* drkZdkj ls vfUor] drZfjiz;ksxA
1- in&ifjp; dks dksbZ&dksbZ ^infunsZ'k* vkSj dks dksbZ&dksbZ ^O;k[;k* dgrs gSaA jktk f'koizlkn us bldk
uke ^vUo;* fy[kk] vkSj bldk o.kZu Qkjlh i)fr ij fd;k gS] ftldk mnkgj.k ;gk fn;k tkrk gS
^lunckn tgkth dh nwljh ;k=kk dk o.kZuA lunckn fo'ks";A tgkth fo'ks"k.kA fo'ks"; fo'ks"k.k
feydj lacakA dh lacak dk fpuA nwljh fo'ks"k.kA ;k=kk fo'ks";A fo'ks"; fo'ks"k.k feydj laca/koku~A
lacak laca/koku~ feydj laca/kA dk lacak dk fpuA o.kZu lacakoku~A lacak laca/koku~ feydj drkZA
gksrk gS f;k xqIrA*
bl i)fr esa ,d cM+k nks"k ;g gS fd blesa 'kCnksa ds :iksa dk Bhd o.kZu ugha gksrkA
nwljk ifjPNsn
okD;i`FkDdj.k
igyk v/;k;
fo"k;kjaHk
676- okD;i`FkDdj.k1 ds }kjk 'kCnksa rFkk okD;ksa dk ijLij lacak tkuk tkrk
gS vkSj okD;kFkZ ds Li"Vhdj.k esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA
fV-;|fi bl izf;k ds lw{e ro laLd`r Hkk"kk esa ik, tkrs gSa vkSj
ogk ls fganh ds dqN O;kdj.kksa esa fy, x, gSa] rFkkfi blds foLr`r foospu dh
mRifk vxjsth Hkk"kk ds O;kdj.k esa gS] ftlesa ;g fo"k; U;k;'kkL=k ls fy;k x;k
gS vkSj O;kdj.k ds lkFk bldh laxfr feykbZ xbZ gSA
d okD; ds lkFk] :i dh n`f"V ls] tSlk O;kdj.k dk fudV lacak gS
oSlk gh] vFkZ ds fopkj ls] U;k;'kkL=k dk Hkh ?kuk lacak gSA O;kdj.k dk eq[;
fo"k; okD; gS % ij U;k;'kkL=k dk eq[; fo"k; okD; ugha] fdarq vuqeku gS] ftlds
iwoZ mlesa] vFkZ dh n`f"V ls] inksa vkSj okD;ksa dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA U;k;'kkL=k
ds vuqlkj izR;sd okD; esa rhu ckrsa gksuh pkfg,nks in vkSj ,d fokkufpA
U;k; esa nksuksa inksa dks e'k% ms'; vkSj foks; rFkk fokkufp dks la;kstd dgrs
gSa okP; esa ftlds fo"k; esa fokku fd;k tkrk gS og foks; dgykrk gSA ms';
vkSj foks; esa ijLij tks laxfr ok folaxfr gksrh gS] mlh ds lacak ls okD; esa
;FkkFkZ fokku fd;k tkrk gS vkSj bl fokku dks la;kstd 'kCn ls lwfpr djrs
gSaA lkkkj.k cksypky esa okD;ksa ds ;s rhu vo;o cgqkk vyx&vyx vFkok Li"V
ugha jgrs] blfy, Hkk"kk ds izpfyr okD; dks U;k;'kkL=k esa ;ksX; Lo:i fn;k
tkrk gS] vFkkZr~ U;k;'kkL=k ds Lohd`r okD; mn~ns';] foks; vkSj la;kstd Li"Vrk
1- dksbZ&dksbZ bls okD;fo'ys"k.k dgrs gSaA
nwljk v/;k;
okD; vkSj okD;ksa esa Hksn
677- ,d fopkj iw.kZrk ls izdV djusokys 'kCnlewg dks okD; dgrs gSaA
ns- vad8 9 vA
678- okD; ds eq[; nks vo;o gksrs gSa 1 mn~n's ; vkSj 2 foks;A
v ftl oLrq ds fo"k; esa dqN dgk tkrk gS] mls lwfpr djus okys 'kCnkas
dks mn~n's ; dgrs gS(a tSlvs kRek vej gS] ?kksM+k nkSM+ jgk gS] jke us jko.k dks
ekjk] bu okD;ksa esa vkRek] ?kksM+k vkSj jke us mn~ns'; gSa] D;ksafd buds fo"k; esa
dqN dgk x;k gS vFkkZr~ fokku fd;k x;k gSA
vk ms'; ds fo"k; esa fokku fd;k tkrk gS] mls lwfpr djusokys 'kCnksa
dks foks; dgrs gS(a tSl
s ij fy[ks okD;ksa esa vkRek] ?kksM+k] jke us bu mn~n's ;ksa
ds fo"k; esa e'k% vej gS] nkSM+ jgk gS] jko.k dks ekjk] ;s fokku fd, x, gSa(
blfy, bUgsa foks; dgrs gSaA
rhljk v/;k;
lkkkj.k okD;
682- lkkkj.k okD; esa ,d laKk mn~ns'; vkSj ,d f;k foks; gksrh gS
vkSj mUgsa e'k% lkkkj.k mn~ns'; vkSj lkkkj.k foks; dgrs gSaA mn~ns'; cgqkk
drkZdkjd esa jgrk gS( ij dHkh&dHkh og nwljs dkjdksa esa Hkh vkrk gSA tSls
1 izkku drkZdkjdyM+dk nkSMr+ k gSA L=kh diM+k lhrh gSA canj isM+ ij
p<+ jgs FksA
2 vizkku drkZdkjdeuaS s yM+ds dks cqyk;kA flikgh us pksj dks idM+kA
geus vHkh ugk;k gSA
3 vizR;; deZdkjd deZokP; fpV~Bh fy[kh tk;xh] nokbZ cukbZ xbZ gSA
4 lizR;; deZdkjdukSdj dks ogk Hkstk tk;xkA 'kkL=kh th dks lHkkifr
cuk;k x;k ns- vad5 20 A
5 dj.kdkjdHkkookP; es]a fdlh&fdlh ds erkuqlkjyM+ds ls pyk
ugha tkrkA eq>ls cksyrs ugha curk ns- vad6 79A
6 lainz ku dkjd vkidks ,slk u dguk pkfg, FkkA eq>s ogk tkuk FkkA
dkth dks ;gh gqDe nsrs cukA
683- lkkkj.k ms'; esa laKk vFkok laKk ds leku mi;ksx esa vkusokys
nwljs 'kCn vkrs gS(a tSls
v laKkgok pyrh gS] yM+dk vk;kA
vk loZukereq i<+rs Fks] os tkosxa As
b fo'ks"k.k fo}ku lc txg iwtk tkrk gS] ejrk D;k ugha djrkA
bZ f;kfo'ks"k.k Dofpr~ ftudk Hkhrj ckgj ,d lk gks lR;-A
m okD;ka'k ogk tkuk vPNk ugha gSA >wB cksyuk iki gSA [ksr dk [ksr
lw[k x;kA
laKk ds leku mi;ksx esa vkusokys dksbZ Hkh 'kCn] tSls ^nkSM+dj*
iwoZdkfyd d`nar gSA ^d* O;atu gSA
mn~ns'; foks;
foks;iwjd
okD; lkkkj.k mn~ns'; lk/kkj.k fo/ks;foLrkjd
ms'; o/kZd fo/ks; deZ iwfrZ
1 ikuh fxjk
2 vkneh og gks x;k ikxy
3 lHkkifr us i<+k viuk
Hkk"k.k
4 og cspkjk dj ldrk Fkk D;k blesa LFkku
416 / fganh O;kdj.kMore Books at Books.Jakhira.com
5 eSa tk igqpk lh<+h ds lgkjs
lkku] tgkt
ij LFkku
6 ?kh ,d lsj gksxk cl
7 [ksr dk [ksr lw[k x;k
8 o"kZ nks gks x, eq>s ;gk vk,
dky
9 nhokj nks QqV gS jkteafnj ls chl
ph QqV dh nwjh ij
LFkku
pkjksa rjQ
LFkku
10 cSBuk yqIr cSBk ugha
tkrk Fkk nqxk ds ekjs
f;karxZr dkj.k] ogk
vFkok LFkku
^fdlh ls*
yqIr
11 vieku ;g lgk tk,xk fdlls }kjk
12 usikyokys pys viuk jkT;
vkrs Fks c<+krs jhfr
13 fo}ku~ dks djuh keZ dh lnk dky
pkfg, fpark cgqr fnuksa ls
14 eq>s nsus gSa ;s nku dky
eq[;
czk.kksa
dks
xkS.k
15 ehj dkfle cuk;k eqaxsj viuh
us dks jktkkuh
16 dguk mldk le>k x;k >wB
la;kstd 'kCn
okD; izdkj lk/kk- ms'; lk/kk- deZ iwfrZ fo/ks;
ms'; o/kZd fo/ks; foLrkjd
cM+s larks"k eq[;miokD; ckr cM+s gS --- --- --- ---
dh ckr gS larks"k dh
fd ,sls laKk mi& volj ,sls gqvk gS ---- izkIr gesa fd
ln; okD;] eq[; ln;
lTtuksa miokD; lTtuksa
ds lkeus dh ^ckr* ds lkeus
gesa vfHku; laKk dk vfHku;
fn[kykus dk lekukf/k& fn[kykus
volj izkIr dj.k dk
gqvk gS
2 Lokeh ;gk dkSu rqEgkjk cSjh gS ftlds okus dks dksi dj d`ik.k gkFk
esa yh gS feJ miokD;A
d Lokeh ;gk dkSu rqEgkjk cSjh gSA eq[; miokD;
[k ftlds okus dks dksi dj d`ik.k gkFk esa yh gSA fo'ks"k.k miokD;
d dk
la;kstd 'kCn
okD; izdkj lk/kk- ms'; lk/kk- deZ iwfrZ fo/ks;
ms'; o/kZd fo/ks; foLrkjd
d eq[; miokD; dkSu --- gS --- rqEgkjk
cSjh ;gk ---
[k fo'ks"k.k rqeus yh gS d`ik.k --- ftlds
miokD; o/kus
d dk yqIr --- dk dksi ---
dj] gkFk
esa
la;kstd 'kCn
okD; izdkj lk/kk- ms'; lk/kk- deZ iwfrZ fo/ks;d
ms'; o/kZd fo/ks; foLrkjd
d eq[; miokD; rw yqIr --- pyh vk ---- --- osx ---
[k f;k lc --- igqps --- --- ,d lax
fo'ks"k.k {kse&
ftlls
4 tks vkneh ftl lekt dk gS] mlds O;ogkjksa dk dqN u dqN vlj
mlds }kjk lekt ij t:j gh iM+rk gSA feJ okD;
d mlds O;ogkjksa dk dqN u dqN vlj mlds }kjk lekt ij t:j gh
iM+rk gSA eq[; miokD;
[k tks vkneh ftl lekt dk gSA fo'ks"k.k miokD; d dk
5 lquk gS] bl ckj nSR;ksa esa Hkh cM+k mRlkg QSy jgk gSA feJokD;
d lquk gSA eq[; miokD;
[k bl ckj nSR;ksa esa Hkh cM+k mRlkg QSy jgk gSA laKk miokD; d
dk deZA
okD; izdkj lk/kk- ms'; lk/kk- deZ iwfrZ fo/ks; la-
ms'; o/kZd fo/ks; foLrkjd 'k-
d eq[; eSaus --- lquk gS [k --- --- ---
miokD; yqIr okD;
[k laKk mi& mRlkg cM+k QSy jgk --- --- bl ckj ---
okD; gS nSR;ksa esa
d dk deZ Hkh
6 tSls dksbZ fdlh pht dks ekse ls fpidkrk gS] mlh rjg rwus vius
Hkqykus dh iz'kalk ikus dh bPNk ls ;g Qy bl isM+ ij yxk fy, FksAfeJ okD;
d mlh rjg rwus vius Hkqykus dh iz'kalk ikus dh bPNk ls ;g Qy bl
isM+ ij yxk fy, FksA eq[; miokD;
[k tSlds ksbZ fdlh pht dks ekse ls fpidkrk gSA fo'ks"k.k miokD;]
d dk( ;gk tSlsftl rjgA
ikpok v/;k;
la;qDr okD;
721- la;qDr okD; esa ,d ls vfkd izkku miokD; jgrs gSa vkSj bu izkku
miokD;ksa ds lkFk cgqkk buds vkfJr miokD; Hkh jgrs gSaA
lw- ns- vad6 60 x esa dgk x;k gS fd la;Dq r okD;ksa esa tks izkku
lekukfkdj.k miokD; jgrs gSa] os ,d nwljs ds vkfJr ugha jgrs] ij blls
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 433
;g u le> ysuk pkfg, fd muesa ijLij vkJ; dqN Hkh ugha gksrkA ckr ;g
gS fd vkfJr miokD; izkku miokD; ij ftruk voyafcr jgrk gS] mruk ,d
izkku miokD; nwljs izkku miokD; ij ugha jgrkA ;fn nksuksa izkku miokD;
,d nwljs ls Lora=k jgsa] rks muesa vFkZlaxfr dSls mRiUu gksxh\ blh rjg feJ
okD; dk izkku miokD; Hkh vius vkfJr miokD; ij FkksMk+ &cgqr voyafcr jgrk gSA
722- la;qDr okD;ksa ds lekukfkdj.k miokD;ksa esa pkj izdkj dk lacak
ik;k tkrk gSl ;a kstd] foHkktd] fojkskn'kZd vkSj ifj.kkeckskdA ;g laca k cgqkk
lekukfkdj.k leqPp;ckskd vO;;ksa ds }kjk lwfpr gksrk gS( tSls
1 la;kstdeaS vkxs c<+ x;k] vkSj og ihNs jg x;kA fo|k ls Kku c<+rk
gS] fopkj'kfDr izkIr gksrh vkSj eku feyrk gSA isM+ ds thou dk vkkkj dsoy
ikuh gh ugha gS] oju~ dbZ vkSj inkFkZ Hkh gSaA
2 foHkktdejs k HkkbZ ;gk vkosxk ;k eSa gh mlds ikl tkxkA mUgsa
u uhan vkrh Fkh] u Hkw[k&I;kl yxrh FkhA vc rw ;k NwV gh tk;xk] ugha rks
dqkksa&fx)ksa dk Hk{k.k cusxkA
3 fojkskn'kZd; s yksx u, clusokyksa ls lnSo yM+k djrs Fks( ijarq khjs&khjs
taxy igkM+ksa esa Hkxk fn, x,A dkeukvksa ds izcy gks tkus ls vkneh nqjkpkj
ugha djrs] fdarq var%dj.k ds fucZy gks tkus ls os oSlk djrs gSaA
4 ifj.kkeckskd'kkgtgk bl csxe dks cgqr pkgrk Fkk( blfy, mls
bl jkSts ds cukus dh cM+h #fp gqbZA eq>s mu yksxksa dk Hksn ysuk Fkk] lks eSa ogk
Bgjdj mudh ckrsa lquus yxkA
723- dHkh dHkh lekukfkdj.k miokD; fcuk gh leqPp;ckskd ds tksM+
fn, tkrs gSa( vFkok tksM+s ls vkusokys vO;;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d dk yksi gks tkrk
gS( tSlus kSdj rks D;k muds ykyk Hkh tUe Hkj ;g ckr u Hkwyxas As esjs HkDrksa
ij HkhM+ iM+h gSA bl le; pydj mudh fpark esVk pkfg,A bUgsa vkus dk g"kZ]
u tkus dk 'kksdA
724- ftl izdkj la;Dq r okD; ds izkku miokD; lekukfkdj.k leqPp;ckskdksa
ds }kjk tksM+s tkrs gSa] mlh izdkj feJ okD; ds vkfJr miokD; Hkh bu vO;;ksa
ds }kjk tksMs+ tk ldrs gSa ns- vad7 07( tSlDs ;k lalkj esa ,sls euq"; ugha
fn[kkbZ nsrs] tks djksM+ifr rks gSa] ij ftudk lPpk eku dqN Hkh ugha gSA bl iwjs
okD; esa ^ftudk lPpk eku dqN Hkh ugha gS*( vkfJr miokD; gS vkSj og ^tks
djksM+ifr rks gSa*] bl miokD; dk fojkskn'kZd lekukfkdj.k gSA rks Hkh bu
miokD;ksa ds dkj.k iwjk okD; la;qDr okD; ugha gks ldrk( D;ksafd blesa dsoy
,d gh izkku miokD; gSA
NBk v/;k;
laf{kIr okD;
730- cgqkk okD;ksa esa ,sls 'kCn] tks mlds vFkZ ij ls lgt gh le> esa
vk ldrs gSa] la{ksi vkSj xkSjo ykus ds fopkj ls NksM+ fn, tkrs gSaA bl izdkj
ds okD;ksa dks laf{kIr okD; dgrs gSAa ns- vad6 51] 654A mnkgj.k lquk
gSA dgrs gSaA nwj ds <ksy lqgkous A ;g vki tSls yksxksa dk dke gS
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 437
;g ,sls yksxksa dk dke gS tSlv s ki gSAa bu mnkgj.kksa ds NwVs gq, 'kCn okD;jpuk
esa vR;ar vko';d gksus ij Hkh vius vHkko ls okD; ds vFkZ esa dksbZ ghurk
mRiUu ugha djrsA
lw-l d
a fq pr la;Dq r okD; Hkh ,d izdkj ds laf{kIr okD; gS(a ij mudh
fo'ks"krk ds dkj.k mudk foospu vyx fd;k x;k gSA laf{kIr okD;ksa ds oxZ esa
dsoy ,sls okD;ksa dk lekos'k fd;k tkrk gS] tks lkkkj.k rFkk feJ gksrs gSa vkSj
ftuesa izk;% ,sls 'kCnksa dk yksi fd;k tkrk gS] tks okD; esa igys dHkh ugha vkrs
vFkok ftlds dkj.k okD; ds vo;oksa dk la;ksx ugha gksrkA bl izdkj ds okD;ksa
ds vusd mnkgj.k v;kgkj ds v;k; esa vk pqds gSa] blfy, ;gk muds fy[kus
dh vko';drk ugha gSA
731- fdlh&fdlh fo'ks"k.k okD; ds lkFk iwjs eq[; okD; dk yksi gks tkrk
gS( tSlts ks gks] vkKk] tks vki le>sAa
732- laf{kIr okD;ksa dk i`FkDdj.k djrs le; v;kgkj 'kCnksa dks izdV
djus dh vko';drk gksrh gS( ij bl ckr dk fopkj j[kuk pkfg, fd bu okD;ksa
dh tkfr esa dksbZ gsjQsj u gksA
Vh-okD;i`FkDdj.k dk foLr`r foospu fganh esa vxjsth Hkk"kk ds O;kdj.k
ls fy;k x;k gS] blfy, fganh ds vfkdka'k oS;kdj.kksa us bl fo"k; dks xzg.k
ugha fd;k gSA dqN iqLrdksa esa bldk la{ksi ls o.kZu ik;k tkrk gS] vkSj dqN esa
bldh dsoy nks&pkj ckrsa fy[kh xbZ gSaA ,slh voLFkk esa bu iqLrdksa esa dh gqbZ
foospuk dk [kaMu&eaMu vuko';d tku iM+rk gSA
lkrok v/;k;
fo'ks"k izdkj ds okD;
733- vFkZ ds vuqlkj okD;ksa ds tks vkB Hksn gksrs gSa ns- vad5 06 muesa
ls ladsrkFkZd okD; dks NksM+dj] 'ks"k lHkh okD; rhuksa izdkj ds gks ldrs gSaA
ladrs kFkZd okD; feJ gksrs gSAa mnkgj.k
1 fokkukFkZd
lkkkj.kjktk uxj esa vk,A feJtc jktk uxj esa vk,] rc vkuan
euk;k x;kA la;Dq rjktk uxj esa vk, vkSj muds fy, vkuan euk;k x;kA
vkBok v/;k;
fojkefp
735- 'kCnksa vkSj okD;ksa dk ijLij lacak crkus rFkk fdlh fo"k; dks
fHkUu&fHkUu Hkkxksa esa ckVus vkSj i<+us esa Bgjus ds fy,] ys[kksa esa ftu fpksa dk
mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] mUgsa fojkefp dgrs gSaA
Vh-fojkefpksa dk foospu vxjsth Hkk"kk ds vfkdka'k O;kdj.kksa dk fo"k;
gS vkSj fganh esa ;g ogk ls ys fy;k x;k gSA gekjh Hkk"kk esa bl iz.kkyh dk izpkj
vc bruk c<+ x;k gS fd bldks xzg.k djus esa dksbZ lksp&fopkj gks gh ugha ldrk]
ij ;g iz'u vo'; mRiUu gks ldrk gS fd fojkefp 'kq) O;kdj.k dk fo"k;
gS ;k Hkk"kkjpuk dk\ ;FkkFkZ esa ;g fo"k; Hkk"kkjpuk dk gSA D;ksafd ys[kd ok
oDrk vius fopkj Li"Vrk ls izdV djus ds fy, ftl izdkj vH;kl vkSj v;;u
ds }kjk 'kCnksa ds vusdkFkZ] fopkjksa dk lacak] fo"k;foHkkx] vk'k; dh Li"Vrk]
yk?ko vkSj foLrkj vkfn ckrsa tku ysrk gS tks O;kdj.k ds fu;eksa ls ugha tkuh
tk ldrha] mlh izdkj ys[kd dks bu fojkefpksa dk mi;ksx dsoy Hkk"kk ds O;ogkj
gh ls Kkr gks ldrk gSA O;kdj.k ls bu fojkefpksa dk dsoy mruk gh lacak
gS fd buds fu;e cgqkk okD;i`FkDdj.k ij LFkkfir fd, x, gSa] ijarq vf/kdka'k
esa budk iz;ksx okD; ds vFkZ ij gh voyafcr gSA fojkefpksa ds mi;ksx ls] Hkk"kk
O;ogkj ls laca/k j[kusokyk dksbZ fl)kar Hkh mRiUu ugha gksrk] blfy, bUgsa O;kdj.k
dk vax ekuus esa ckkk gksrh gSA ;FkkFkZ esa O;kdj.k ls bu fpksa dk dsoy xkS.k
lacak gS( ijarq budh mi;ksfxrk ds dkj.k O;kdj.k esa bUgsa LFkku fn;k tkrk gSA
rks Hkh bl ckr dk Lej.k j[kuk pkfg, fd dksbZ ,d fpksa ds mi;ksx esa cM+k
erHksn gS] vkSj ftl fu;e'khyrk ls vxjsth esa bu fpksa dk mi;ksx gksrk gS]
og fganh esa vko';d ugha le>h tkrhA
736- eq[; fojkefp ;s gSa
8 iqu#fDrlwpd **
9 rwY;rklwpd
10 LFkkuiwjd -----
11 lekfIrlwpd
1 oxkZdkj dks"Bd
746- ;g fp Hkwy lqkkjus vkSj =kqfV dh iwfrZ djus ds fy, O;or gksrk
gS( tSlv
s uqokfnr [vuwfnr] xzaFk] o` [cz] t eksgu] dqVh [j]Aa
d dHkh&dHkh bldk iz;ksx nwljs dks"Bdksa dks ?ksjus esa gksrk gS( tSlv
s d
a
[4 d] ns[kksA nj[kkLrsa [uewuk d] ds eqrkfcd gks ldrh gSaA
[k vU;kU; dks"Bdksa ds jgrs fHkUurk ds fy,( tSls
1 ekr`Hkwfedfork [ys[kd] ckcw eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr]
2 likZdkj dks"Bd
747- bldk mi;ksx ,d okD; ds ,sls 'kCnksa dks feykus esa gksrk gS tks
lkekU; Hkwrdky
drkZi faq Yayx
1
2 grks grs
3
vFkok
1 jks] jgkS] jgs
2 jkS] jgsfl gks jgs] gs
3 jkS] jgsfl
drkZL =khfyax
13 jgh] gh 13 jgha] gha
lw-b l f;k ds 'ks"k dky fodkjn'kZd ^gksuk* f;k ds :iksa ds leku
gksrs gSaA
gksuk fodkjn'kZd
laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ vFkok lkekU; orZeku
drkZi faq Yayx ok L=khfyax
iq#"k ,dopu iq#"k cgqopu
1 gks 13 gks;
23 gks;] gksos] gksfga 2 gks
fof/kdky izR;{k
drkZi faq Yayx ok L=khfyax
1 gks 13 gks;
23 gks;] gksos 2 gks] gksgq
lkekU; orZekudky
drkZi faq Yayx ok L=khfyax
1 gksrq gkSa] gksr gkSa 12 gksrq gS]a gksr gSa
23 gksrq gS] gksr gS 2 gksrq gkS] gksr gks
More Books at Books.Jakhira.comfganh O;kdj.k / 455
viw.kZ Hkwrdky
drkZi faq Yayx
1 gksr jksj gs gksr jgs
23 gksr jks
drkZL =khfyax
13 gksr jgh] jgs gksr jgha
lkekU; Hkwrdky
drkZi fqa Yayx
1 Hk;kS] Hk; 13 Hk,
2 Hk;kS] Hk;sfl
3 Hk;kS] Hk;] Hk;sfl
drkZ L=khfyax
iq#"k ,dopu cgqopu
13 HkbZ Hkb
vklUu Hkwrdky
drkZi faq Yayx
1 Hk;ks gks 13 Hk, gSa
23 Hk;kS gS 2 Hk, gkS
drkZL =khfyax
1 HkbZ gksa HkbZ gSa
23 HkbZ gS
lw-v
of'k"V :iksa dk izpkj cgqr de gS vkSj os ij fy[ks :iksa dh
lgk;rk ls cuk, tk ldrs gSaA
O;atukar kkrq
pyuk vdeZd f;k
f;kFkZd laKk pyuk] pyukS] pfyckS
456 / fganh O;kdj.kMore Books at Books.Jakhira.com
drZokpd laKk pyugkj
orZekudkfyd d`nar pyr] pyrq
Hkwrdkfyd d`nra pY;kS
iwoZdkfyd d`nar pfy] pfydS
rkRdkfyd d`nra pyrgh
viw.kZ f;k|ksrd d`nra pyr] pyrq
iw.kZ f;k|ksrd d`nra pys
laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ vFkok lkekU; orZeku
drkZi faq Yayx ok L=khfyax
iq#"k ,dopu iq#"k cgqopu
1 pykSa( py 13 pysa] pyfga
2 pySa] pyfl 2 pykSa] pygq
3 pyS] pyb] pyfg
fofkdky izR;{k
drkZi faq Yayx ok L=khfyax
1 pykS]a py 13 pySa] pyfga
2 py] pys] pygh 1 pykS] pygq
fofkdky ijks{k
drkZi fqa Yayx ok L=khfyax
2 pfy;ks pfy;ks
vknjlwpd fofk
23 pfy, pfy,
lkekU; Hkfo";r~
drkZi fqa Yayx ok L=khfyax
1 pfygkSa 13 pfygSa
23 pfygS 2 pfygkSa