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CCST Question PDF
CCST Question PDF
CCST answer
Which orifice plate is used to eliminate damming of material at the top or bottom of
the pipe?
A. Concentric
B. Round-edged
C. Quadrant-edged
D. Segmental
CCST answer
An orifice plate is a flow-path restriction that we use in flow detection. They are in a
straight run of smooth pipe away from valves and fittings so they do not interfere with
the restrictor and readings.
The pressures on opposite sides of the plate are different, and the difference in
pressures is proportional to the flow rate.
Segmental and eccentric plates have many similarities as to function. The segmental
portion of the orifice mitigates the damming of foreign materials on the upstream side
of the orifice.
Eccentric orifice plates work to stop damming as well. The best answer to this
question is D, segmental.
CCST question
CCST answer
The orifice plate inserted in the line causes an increase in flow velocity and a
corresponding decrease in pressure. The flow pattern shows an effective decrease in
the cross section beyond the orifice plate, with a maximum velocity and minimum
pressure at the vena contracta.
The vena contracta is that area of the flow stream at its minimum size, where fluid
velocity is at its highest level and where fluid pressure is at its lowest level, and it
occurs just downstream of the actual physical restriction.
This flow pattern and the sharp leading edge of the orifice plate that produces it are of
major importance. The angle of the bevel should not be less than 45 degrees. The best
answer is C.
A. Corner
B. Flange
C. Pipe
D. Vena contracta
CCST answer
The purpose of pressure taps is prevent gas or vapor accumulations in the connections
between the pipe and differentialpressure (dP) measuring device.
There are five common locations for dP taps. They are flange taps, vena contracta
taps, radius taps, full-flow (or pipe taps), and corner taps.
In the U.S., flange taps are the predominant choice for pipe sizes 2 inches (50 mm)
and larger.
CCST question
Control valves, which have a plug positioned by a stem, which slides through a
packing gland, are often referred to as:
C. Ball-control valves
CCST answer
A rotary valve has a flow closure member that rotates in the flow stream to modify the
amount of fluid passing through the valve.
A linear valve or a globe valve refers to the linear or straight-line movement of the
plug and stem.
Some valves use a movable part like a ball, a disk, a gate, in the flow path to modify
the rate of flow through the valve.
CCST question
A. Head meter
B. Magnetic flowmeter
D.Turbine meter
CCST answer
Using the Coriolis effect that causes a laterally vibrating tube to distort, a direct
measurement of mass flow is obtainable using a Coriolis flowmeter.
CCST question
A. Head meter
B. Magnetic flowmeter
D.Turbine meter
CCST answer
A magnetic flowmeter is a volumetric flowmeter, which does not have any moving
parts and is ideal for wastewater applications or any dirty liquid, which is conductive
or water based.
The operation of a magnetic flowmeter rests upon Faraday's Law, which states the
voltage induced across any conductor as it moves at right angles through a magnetic
field is proportional to the velocity of that conductor.
The fluid must be electrically conductive for the Faraday principle to apply.
The other meters in this list leverage some kind of wheel or obstacle that creates a
pressure differential from which one ascertains a flow measurement.
CCST question
A. Head meters
B. Magnetic flowmeters
The head meter we refer to here is a flowmeter that uses head (pressure) as a
parameter in measuring the fluid flow.
Impulse lines (sensing lines) connect the process to the pressure transmitter, at a
distance, so as to reduce the effect of ambient temperature on the transmitter's
operability and life span. Vibration and accessibility are other reasons for locating the
transmitter away from the process.
The key to nailing this question is to know that head is the same as pressure, that
impulse lines work in pressure related measurements, and that the other three meters
don't use pressure as part of their scheme.
CCST question
A continuity check should take place prior to hook-up of a field transmitter to the
control room so the technician:
CCST answer
CCST question
When the percentage of flow through a valve equals the percentage of plug
movement, a valve has:
CCST answer
A linear flow characteristic is when flow capacity or (C^sub v^) increases linearly
with valve travel. Flow is directly proportional to valve travel. This is the preferred
valve characteristic for a control valve that is working at the behest of a distributive
control system (DCS) or programmable logic controller (PLC).
The change in flow rate observed with respect to travel will be relatively small when
the valve plug is near its seat and relatively high when the valve plug is nearly wide
open.
CCST question
1. What is a thermowell?
A. Protective tube
B. Type of manometer
C. Expandable bulb
D. Reservoir
CCST answer
CCST question
What occurs if the temperature of the thermocouple measuring junction is lower than
the reference junction?
When it connects another conductor to the " hot" end of the first conductor, an
additional conductor will then also experience the temperature gradient and develop a
voltage of its own which will oppose the original.
The magnitude of the effect depends on the metal in use. Using a dissimilar metal to
complete the circuit will have a different voltage generated, leaving a small difference
voltage available for us to measure, which increases with temperature.
This difference can typically be between one to about 70 micro-volts per degree
Celsius for the modern range of available metal combinations.
Thermocouples measure the temperature difference between two points not absolute
temperature. Whether one junction is hotter or colder than other doesn't matter, only
the direction of the voltage flow changes. Polarity reverses (B) is the correct answer.
CCST question
A. Coriolis
B. Magnetic
C. Positive displacement
D. Differential pressure
CCST answer
A Coriolis-type mass flowmeter measures the flow rate by determining the torque
caused by the radial acceleration of the fluid. It does not measure the volume of the
liquid passing through the tube; it measures the amount of mass flowing through the
device.
A magnetic flowmeter is a device for measuring volumetric flow rate across a fluid
stream by setting up a magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of flow. A flowing
conductive fluid then generates a voltage proportional to fluid speed.
CCST questions
A. Solenoid
B. Motor
C. Diaphragm
D. Electromagnetic valve
2. Changing the point of origin for input data and the output signal destination is easy
with a Distributed Control System because many changes can be implemented by:
CCST answers
Pneumatics (from the Greek pneumatikos, coming from the wind) is the use of
pressurized gases to do work in science and technology.
The solenoid, the motor, and an electromagnetic valve all use electricity. A diaphragm
expands and contracts depending on the amount of air pressure that exerts upon it.
While one could accomplish changing data input and output by performing A, B, and
D, the whole point of beauty in a distributed control system (DCS) is one doesn't have
to go into the field to reconfigure the process.
Recall that a DCS is that class of instrumentation (input/output devices, control
devices, and operator interface devices) that in addition to executing the stated control
functions also permits the transmission of control, measurement, and operating
information to and from one or many user-specifiable locations, all connected by a
communication link. [ISA-5.3-1983
CCST questions
A. Transmitter
B. Sensor
C. Controller
D. Valve
2. A control valve with a direct acting actuator and direct trim will:
A. Fail closed
B. Maintain position
C. Fail open
D. Not fail
CCST answers: 1. The best answer is D, valve. A final control element is a device that
directly controls the value of the manipulated variable of a control loop. Often the
final control element is a control valve (ANSI/ISA-5.1-1984, revised 1992). It can
also be the component of a control system, such as a control valve, that directly
regulates the flow of energy or material to or from the process (ANSI/ISA-77.44.01-
2000). Other examples of final control elements are solenoids and servomotors.
2. The best answer is C, fail open. A direct acting valve travels to the closed position
when the signal increases. When there is a failure, there is no signal and power, and
the direct acting valve fails open.
CCST questions:
1. Using ISA symbols on a P&ID (piping and instrument diagram), a solid line with
three marks crossed by another hash mark represents:
C. Undefined signal
D. Capillary tubing
The symbolism and identification methods provided in this standard are applicable to
all classes of process measurement and control instrumentation. They can describe
discrete instruments and their functions. They can also describe the analogous
functions of systems that are variously termed shared display, shared control,
distributed control, and computer control.
A. Operations test
B. Visual inspection
D. Continuity test
CCST answer:
Looking at a mechanical and electrical situation globally to spot obvious and safety
threats first is always best. Then move to more local and specific unit areas of the
task. The best answer is B, visual inspection.
CCST questions:
1. Using ISA symbols on a P&ID (piping and instrument diagram), a solid line with
three marks crossed by another hash mark represents:
C. Undefined signal
D. Capillary tubing
A. Operations test
B. Visual inspection
D. Continuity test
CCST answer:
Looking at a mechanical and electrical situation globally to spot obvious and safety
threats first is always best. Then move to more local and specific unit areas of the
task. The best answer is B, visual inspection.
CCST questions
A. Filter
B. Report
C. Template
D. Query
A. Updating
B. Scanning
C. Polling
D. Rectifying
CCST answers
These two questions test the CCST test taker's knowledge of nomenclature.
A filter is a program that accepts a certain type of data as input, transforms it in some
manner, and then outputs the transformed data. For example, a program that sorts
names is a filter because it accepts the names in unsorted order, sorts them, and then
outputs the sorted names. Utilities that allow you to import or export data are also
sometimes called filters.
A query is a request for information from a database. There are several different ways
to pose a query.
Scanning is the process by which a computer collects data from process sensors for
use in calculations. It is the sequential interrogation of devices or lists of information
under the PLCs control.
While the PLC may in fact update values, poll devices, and rectify aspects of the
process in response to data it encounters during its routine, the best term for this
continuous sequence is scanning.
CCST question
With a DCS it is possible to change from single loop control of a process variable to
cascade, ratio, feedforward, adaptive, or multi-variable control by __________ if all
of the peripheral hardware is installed in the field and connected to the DCS terminal
board.
CCST answer
In that all the peripherals and hardware are present and in order, the task of changing
control strategies and algorithms and how the gathered data from the process
undergoes manipulation by the distributed control system.
In ratio control, the DCS maintains a predetermined ratio between two variables. In
cascade control, one controller output is the input for another controller. Feedforward
input comes from some possible disturbance that then converts to corrective action to
the process. Feedforward takes place outside the feedback loop. Adaptive and
multmariable control strategies also leverage numbers per their own dispositions.
These control strategies use process data, process numbers, and manipulate those
inputs mathematically. How that data parses depends on the configuration of the loop.
The DCS doesn't care; it can do the arithmetic for all these control strategies.
CCST question
A. Processor
B. I/O system
C. Power supply
D. CRT monitor
CCST answer
CCST question
CCST answer
The rules are typically executed sequentially by software in a loop. The best answer is
A.
This question is from the Level III study guide, Domain 2, Loop checking.
CCST questions
A. endothermic
B. continuous
C. intermittent
D. exothermic
A. endothermic
B. continuous
C. intermittent
D. exothermic
CCST answers
These two questions are asking about chemical reactions that are part of a process. An
endothermic reaction is one that absorbs heat from its surroundings. An exothermic
reaction occurs with the evolution of heat that transfers into the surroundings.
This intuitively makes sense too, as one must add heat to make steam (g) from water
(1).
A typical exothermic reaction is gasoline burning. Upon ignition, it burns
spontaneously in oxygen to give CO2 and H2O.
2 C^sub 8^H^sub 18^ (gaseous octane) + 25 O2 (g) [arrow right] 16 CO2 (g) + 18
H2O (g) + heat
CCST question
The span, in inches of water, of a differential pressure transmitter used to measure the
full level of a tank that is 5 ft, 6 in high and contains a process material with a specific
gravity of 0.9 should be:
A. 73.3
B. 59.4
C. 66.0
D. 5.6
CCST answer
First, recall the definition of span, which is the algebraic difference between the upper
and lower range values. In this problem, that difference is the height of the tank, or 5
ft, 6 in.
The height translates to 66 in of water. The process material, however, has a different
density than water, and therefore its specific gravity is different too. The specific
gravity of a liquid is the density of that liquid compared to the density of water.
The problem says the material has .9 the SG of water. Figure the correct answer by
multiplying .9 times 66 to get 59.4, answer B.
CCST question
CCST answer
Span error is the difference between the actual span and the ideal
span. On an input/output calibration graph, span error has an as-
found line that is not parallel to the ideal line. The slopes of the two
lines are different. That is the case here, and the correct answer is
B.
A. Concentric
B. Round-edged
C. Quadrant-edged
D. Segmental
CCST answer
The pressures on opposite sides of the plate are different, and the
difference in pressures is proportional to the flow rate.