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: Karnaugh Map, Adder and Subtractor

, ElvisII .
2 2 A,B (Sum) (Carry)
. (Half subtracter) 2 1
. X,Y D(Difference), B(Borrow)

To build the half adder, we use IC 7408(AND) and IC 7486(XOR) for input A and B. Then for Sum
and Carry we use 2 LED on the Elvis II. To simplify it, for Carry the result can be obtained from IC
7408(AND) , while for the result of Sum can be obtained from IC 7486(XOR). After experiment has
completed, the truth table is constructed.

In the case of the half substractor, we still use IC 7408(AND) and IC 7486(XOR) for input A and B.
But we add another IC which IC 7404(NOT) because to obtain the result for Borrow, one of the
pin in AND gate must be inverted. Same like for Sum and Carry, we use 2 LED to obtain result for
D(Difference) and B(Borrow) on the Elvis II. For D(Difference) the result can be obtained from IC
7486(XOR) , while for B(Borrow), it can be obtained from IC 7408(AND). After experiment has
completed, the truth table is constructed.

1) Half- Adder

A B Sum Carry

0 0 0 0

0 1 1 0

1 0 1 0

1 1 0 1
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Figure 2: A = 0 B = 0 Figure 3: A = 0 B = 1

Figure 1: A = 1 B = 0 Figure 4: A = 1 B = 1

*Upper LED is Carry, Lower LED is Sum

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2) Half-Subtrator

A B D(Difference) B(borrow

0 0 0 0

0 1 1 1

1 0 1 0

1 1 0 0

Figure 5 : A = 0 B = 0 Figure 6: A = 0 B = 1
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Figure 8 : A = 1 B = 0 Figure 7: A = 1 B = 1

1 10 . (Carry) 1
(sum) 0 . 1 + 0 0 + 0 Carry
0 . A B . 0-0=0, 1-
0=1, 1-1=0. (difference ) . A B ,
0-1 1 . 1 2
2 2-1=1 . 2
, D B
(borrow) , 1
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For both Half-adder and Half-substractor, one should know how to calculate in binary to find
the result. In my perspective, Half-adder is bit easier than half-substractor because you
dont have to find or think the borrow value.