1193

EK-2

MMUNOLOJ TERMLER SZL

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zel Mikrobiyoloji. Ek-2 Sa:1193-*QH\D\QHYL$QNDUD

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0-9
5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) Bkz. Serotonin.
-2 mikroglobulin HLA- PROHNO ]HULQH VRQUDGDQ \DSDQ YH EWQ
LQVDQODUGDRUWDNRODQN'DDUOQGDELUSURWHLQGLU

A
Absorpsiyong]JQYHEHOLUOLELUPDWHU\DOL\DSSHPLSLoLQHDOPD0DNURIDM
GX\DUOROGXXEDkteri hcresini absorbe eder.
ADA $GHQR]LQGHDPLQD]PPQ\HWPH]OLNOHUGHHNVLNOLLELOLQHQELUHQ]LP
ADCC$QWLERG\'HSHQGHQW&HOO&\WRWR[LFLW\$QWLNRUDEDPOVLWRWRNVLVLWH
$GGLVRQ KDVWDO 6UUHQDO EH]LQ RWRLPPQ PHNDQL]PD LOH JHOLHQ ELU
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tutunma
ADK $QWLG]NDVDQWLNRUODU
Adoptif immnite3DVLIEDNON
Adsorpsiyon g]JQ ROPD\DQ ELU PHWDU\DOH \DSDUDN \]H\LQL NDSDWPDN
Boya, srlen herhangi bir yzeye adsorbe olur.
Adjuvan .RQDD YHULOHQ ELU DQWLMHQLQ NRQDN LPPQ VLVWHPL WDUDIQGDQ GDKD
ID]OD LPPXQ FHYDS J|UPHVLQL VDODPDN DPDF\OD DQWLMHQ LoHULVLQH LODYH HGLOHQ
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cevap vermesi.
 1194

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bir onkofetal antijen. Bkz. Onkofetal antijen.
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NRQMHQLWDOJDPPDJOREOLQHNVLNOLLGLU
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Agranlosit6LWRSOD]PDVJUDQOOROPD\DQO|NRVLW
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VHQGURPX+,9YLUVLOHEXODDQFLQVHOYHNDQJHoLOLELUKDVWDON
Akut %LUKDVWDOQYH\DELUROD\QDQLGHQEDODPDVGXUXPXQXLIDGHHGer.
Akut faz serum%LUKDVWDOQDNXWGHYUHVLQGHKDVWDGDQDOQDQVHUXP
Albmin%LUSURWHLQVQIGU6HUXPGDEXOXQXU
Alfa fetoprotein Bkz. AFP.
Allerjen .RQDNWD DU GX\DUOON ROXWXUDQ YH\D KHUKDQJL ELU GX\DUOON
UHDNVL\RQXQXEDODWDQDQWLMHQYH\Dhapten.
Allerji $UGX\DUOON
Alloantijen%N]]RDQWLMHQ
Allograft$\QWUQIDUNOELUH\LQGHQJHOHQWUDQVSODQW
Allojenik$\QWUQIDUNOELUELUH\LQGHQJHOHQRUJDQYH\DGRNX
Allotip$\QWUQIDUNOELUH\LQLQDQWLMHQLNRODUDNEHQ]HURODQDWDVal zellikleri.
ALS Anti Lymphocyte Serum.
Alternatif aktivasyon .ODVLN DNWLYDV\RQ \ROX \HULQH NRPSOHPDQQ &
SDUoDVQQDQWLNRUXQ)FSDUoDVQD\DSDUDNNRPSOHPDQUHDNVL\RQXQXQEDODWPDV
ANA $QWLQNOHHUDQWLNRUODU*HQHWLNPDWHU\DOHNDUROXQDQWLNRrlar.
Anamnestik cevap %LU DQWLMHQ ELU NRQDD YHULOGLNWHQ ELU VUH VRQUD \HQLGHQ
YHULOGLLQGHNRQDNWDQHOGHHGLOHQDEDUWOPLPPXQFHYDS
$QDILODNWLN RN 0DVW KFUHOHULQH EDO UHDMLQLN ,J( DQWLNRUODU LOH PH\GDQD
gelen ve histamin liberasyonu ile seyreden akut immun cevap.
Anafilaksi DQDSK\OD[LV .RQDD JLUHQ ELU DQWLMHQLQ ROXWXUGXX DNXW DOOHUML
GXUXPX7LSDUGX\DUOON%N]$QDILODNWLNRN
Anaflatoksin .RPSOHPDQ SURWHLQOHULQLQ EL\RORMLN HWNL\H VDKLS SDUoDODUGU
gUQHLQ &D &D &D SDUoDV JLEL %XQODU PDVW KFUHOHULQGH GHJUDQODV\RQD
sebep olur.
Anatoksin7RNVRLGLOHHDQODPOGU
AnerjiPPQRORMLNFHYDSV]ON
Anjiyogenez<HQLNDQGDPDUROXXPX
Antiidiyotip antikor%LULGL\RWLSHNDUJHOLHQDQWLNRU
Antijen .RQDD JLUGLLQGHDQWLNRUROXWXUDQYHEXDQWLNRULOHLQYLWURYHLQYLYR
NRXOODUGDUHDNVL\RQDJLUHQNLP\DVDOPDGGH%N]LPPXQRMHQ
Antijen delesyonu %LU PLNURRUJDQL]PDQQ HSL]RP ND\E YH\D PXWDV\RQ LOH
|QFHGHQDQWLMHQLNRODQ\DSODUQND\EHWPHVL
$QWLMHQ ID]ODV Antijen, zgl aQWLNRU LOH ELUHELU HOHQGLLQGH VD\FD DQWLMHQLQ
ID]ODJHOPHVLGXUXPX/DWWLFHKLSRWH]LQHJ|UHSUHVLSLWDV\RQVUDVQGDDQWLMHQID]OD
ROGXXQGDDQWLNRUPROHNOQQEWQSDUDWRSXoODUDQWLMHQWDUDIQGDQLJDOHGLOLUYH
presipitasyon engellenir.
Antijenite Bir molekln antijenik olma kapasitesi.
Antiglobulin 6HUXPJOREXOLQOHULQHLPPXQJOREXOLQHNDUUHWLOPLDQWLNRU
 1195

Antikor%LUDQWLMHQHNDUUHWLOHQYHRQXQODUHNDVL\RQDJLUHELOHQJOXNRSURWHLQ
$QWLNRUID]ODV $QWLMHQ|]JODQWLNRULOHELUHELUHOHQGLLQGHVD\FDDQWLNRUXQ
ID]ODJHOPHVLGXUXPX/DWWLFHKLSRWH]LQHJ|UHSUHVLSLWDV\RQVUDVQGDDQWLNRUID]OD
ROGXXQGDDQWLMHQPROHNOQQEWQGHWHUPLQDQWODUDQWLNRUWDUDIQGDQLJDOHGLOLUYH
presipitasyon engellenir. Agltinasyon testinde ise antikoUID]ODVSUR]RQROXPDVQD
sebep olur.
Antikor varyasyonu $\QLDQWLMHQH|]JORODQEWQDQWLNRUODUD\QPROHNOHU
\DSGD ROPD]ODU  ]RWLSLN YDU\DVD\RQ $\Q WUQ VDGHFH R ELUH\LQH DLW IDUNOONODU
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$OORMHQLNYDU\DV\RQ$QWLNRUXQWUH|]HOIDUNOODPDVGU.|SHNWHNLYHLQVDQGDNLDQWL-
KHPRILOXVDQWLNRUODUQJHQHOOLNOHDU]LQFLUOHULIDUNOGUG\RWLSLNYDU\DV\RQ
Antiserum %DN VHUXP %HOLUOL ELU DQWLMHQH NDU ROXPX KD]U DQWLNRU
bulunduran serum.
AP-1 Aktive edici protein PPXQDNWLYDV\RQXEDODWDQELUOHQIRNLQ
APC (ASH,Antigen Presenting Cells) Antijeni kompetan hcrelere sunan
hcrelerdir: makrofajlar, folikler dentritik hcreler, langerhans hcrelHUL SDUPDNV
LQWHUGLJLWDWLQJ IROLNOHU KFUHOHU 'L SXOSDV LoHULVLQGH RGRQWREODVWODU SXOSD
PDNURIDMODU
APP$FXWH3KDVH3URWHLQ,VRNSURWHLQL
Asidofil6LWRSOD]PDVDVLWER\DODULOHER\DQDQO|NRVLW
ASO (AntiStreptolizin-O testi) Streptokoklar streptolizin-O isimli bir hemolizin
retirler. Serumda streptolizin-2\D NDU ROXDQ ,J* DQWLNRUODUD $62 GHQLU 1RUPDO
GHHULQLWHGLU
Antitoksin 9HULOHQ ELU WRNVLQH NDU ROXDQ DQWLNRUODU %X WHULP D\UFD EX
DQWLWRNVLQLQEXOXQGXXVHUXPXLIDGHHWPHNLoLQGHNXOODQOU
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Arthus reaksiyonu7LS,,,DUGX\DUOON%XWHULPDVOQGDDQWLNRUID]ODVLOH
seyreden deneysel bir vaskliti tarif eder. Serumunda fazla miktarda zgl antikor
EXOXQDQ ELU KD\YDQD D\Q DQWLMHQ GHUL DOWQGDQ YHULOGLLQGH ROXDQ DQWLMHQ-antikor
kompleksleri damar eperinde harabiyete sebep olur.
ASH Antijen sunan hcre, Bkz. APC.
Asthma$VWPKDVWDO
$ 9HULOGLL NRQDN RUJDQL]PDGD NHQGLVLQH |]JODQWLNRU\DSPQLQGNOH\HQ
antijenik materyal.
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Atenasyon DWHQH HWPHN %LU PLNURRUJDQL]PDQQ YLUXODQVQ D]DOWPDN %X
genellikle 2 yol ile olur, 1) kaynatarak veya 2) formalin ierisinde bekleterek.
$WHQHD &DQODPDYLUXODQVD]DOWOPPLNURRUJDQL]PDODUQNXOODQOGD
Bkz. Atenasyon.
Avidite Antijen-antikor kompleksinin satbilitesi
Avustralya antijeni Bkz. HBsAg

B
B lenfositi %LUOHQIRVLWFLQVLGLU%XUVDIDEULFXVWDJHOLHQOHQIRVLWDQODPQWDU
%XNHOLPHQLQEDQGDNL%KDUILND\QDQ%XUVDIDEULFXVNHOLPHVLQGHQDOU$QFDNEX
GRNX VDGHFH NXODUGD EXOXQXU PHPHOLOHUGHNL NDUO NHPLN LOLLGLU 'ROD\V\OD %
OHQIRVLWL NHPLN LOLL YH NDUDFLHUGH UHWLOHQ OHQIRVLW GHPHNWLU 6YVDO EDNONWDQ
sorumludur yzeylerinde IgM ve IgD bulunur.
 1196

%DNVHUXP Bkz. Antiserum

BALT %URQFKLROHV$VVRFLDWHG/\PSKRLG7LVVXH%URQOHQIGRNXVX
Bazofil 6LWRSOD]PDVED]LNER\DODULOHER\DQDQO|NRVLW
BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin)UDQV]FDN|NHQOLELUNHOLPHGLUMycobacterium
tuberculosisi ifade eder.
BDT %RPDFD-Difteri-Tetanus
bFGF (Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor) Bazik fibroblast byme faktr.
BGG%RYLQH*DPPD*OREXOLQ6UJDPPDJOREXOLQ
Bovin antijen6UDQWLMHQL
Boivin antijen*UDPROXPVX]EDNWHULGGXYDUQGDNLVRPDWLN2DQWLMeni
Booster%LULQFLDGDQVRQUD\DSODQDODPDODU
BSA%RYLQH6HUXP$OEXPLQ6UVHUXPDOEXPLQL
BSS (Balanced Salt Solution) Dengeli tuz solusyonu. Mesela Hanks dengeli
tuz solusyonu gibi.

C-
C reaktif protein (CRP) %D]LQIODPDWXYDUURPDWL]PDODWHJLELKDVWDONODUGD
LPPXQVLVWHPWDUDIQGDQROXWXUXODQELUSURWHLQGLU<HWHULQFH|]JOGHLOGLU%LOKDVVD
Streptococcus pneumonia ve Aspergillus \HOHULQLQ VHOOHU HNVWUDNWODU LOH UHDNVL\RQ
verir.
cAMP Siklik adenozin monofosfat.
Carcinoma in situ Bu WHULPNDQVHULQSUHLQYD]LIRODQHUNHQG|QHPLQLDQODWU
CD&OXVWHURIGLIIHUDQWLDWLRQ+FUHVHULOHULQLQIDUNOODPDV
CEA Karyo embriyojenik antijen.
CGRP (Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide) Nrojenik inflamasyon mediyatr
RODUDNGLSXOSDVVLQLUOLIOHULQGHQVDOQDQELUQ|URSHSWLW
Chediak-Higashi Sendromu RWR]RPDO UHVHVLI JHoLOL SL\RMHQ EDNWHUL
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sendromudur.
Chimera%LUFDQOGDLNLIDUNOJHQHWLN\DS\DVDKLSKFUHOHULQEXOXQPDV
Chushing sendromu Srrenal bezin hiperfonksiyonu ile olan endokrin
KDVWDON
CL &RQVWDQW /LJKW FKDLQ $QWLNRU LPPXQ JOREXOLQ \DSVQGD EXOXQDQ YH
DQWLNRUGDQDQWLNRUDGHLLNOLNOHUJ|VWHUPH\HQKDILI]LQFLUE|OJHVL
CMIS (Common Mucosal System)
CMV Sitomegalovirus.
Con A Concanavalin A.
Coombs serumu Anti-insan Ig serumu.
Coombs testi NL WUO \DSOU 'LUHNW PHWRW <HQLGRDQGD 5K KDVWDO
SKHVL LOH NRUGRQGDQ VLWUDWO NDQ DOQS  GHID VHUXP IL]\RORMLN LOH \NDQU ]HULQH
&RRPGVVHUXPXGDPODWOU$JOWLQDV\RQYDUVDVRQXoROXPOXGXUQGLUHNWPHWRW5K
KDVWDO SKHVL LOH DQQHGH DQWL5K DQWLNRUODU DUDPDN LoLQGLU *HEH DQQHQLQ
serumuna ORh eritrosit sspansiyonu eklenir. Agltinasyon varsa sonu olumludur.
CPF (Clot Promoting Factor) Mast hcrelHULQGHQVDOQDQYHSKWROXWXUDQELU
faktr.
CRF Coagulase Reacting Factor.
Cryoglobulin6RXNDJOWLQDV\RQYHUHQVHUXPJOREXOLQOHUL
CS Sirkumsporozoit.
CTL (Cytolytic T lymphocyte) Sitolitik T lenfosit.
 1197

CTMC &RQQHFWLYH 7LVVXH 0DVW &HOOV %D GRNXVX PDst hcreleridir T

OHQIRVLWOHULQGHQEDPV]RODUDNoRDOUODU
apraz antikor reaksiyonu zgl bir antikorun hedefi belirli bir antijen
PROHNOQQEHOLUOLELU\DSVGU)DNDWED]HQDQWLMHQLQPROHNOHU\DSVQDWHVDGIHQ
EHQ]H\HQ ELU EDND PROHNO NHQGLVLQL KHGHI DOPDG KDOGH DQWLNRU LOH ELUOHHELOLU
Buna arpraz antikor reaksiyonu denir.
apraz deney .DQ WUDQVI]\SQXQGDQ |QFH X\XPXQ GRUXODQPDV DPDF\OD
DOFQQ VHUXPX YHULFLQLQ HULWURVLWOHUL\OH WS LoLQGH NDUWUOU  VDDW RGD VVQGD 
dakikDHWYGHEHNOHWLOHUHNDJOWLQDV\RQDUDQU
dSODN OHQIRVLW VHQGURPX 2WRVRPDO UHVHVLI JHoLOL ELU KDVWDONWU % OHQIRVLW
PDNURIDM YH GHQWULWLN KFUHOHUGH ED] +/$ YH 0+& ,, DQWLMHQOHUL \RNWXU 0+& ,
DQWLMHQOHULLVHD]DOPWU7OHQIRVLWOHULNHQGL%OHQIRVLWOHULQLWDQ\DPD]
dLIWoL DNFLHUL )DUPHUV OXQJ %D] EDNWHUL VSRUODUQD NDU GX\DUO KDOH
JHOPLNRQDNGRNXVXLoLQNXOODQODQYH$UWKXVUHDNVL\RQXQXWHPHODODQLPPQRORMLN
bir terimdir.

D
DALT 'XFW$VVRFLDWHG/\PSKRLG7LVVXHVDOJEH]LNDQDOODU ile ilgili lenfoid
doku.
Danysz fenomeni (LW PLNWDUGD WRNVLQ DQWLWLRNVLQ NDUPQ QDVO
NDUWUOGQD EDO RODUDN WRNVLN RODELOHFHLQL LIDGH HGHU (HU HLW PLNWDUGD WRNVLQ
DQWLWRNVLQ LoHULVLQH KHSVL ELU DQGD G|NOUVH NDUP QRQWRNVLNWLU <DUV ilave edilip
GDNVRQUDGLHU\DUVLODYHHGLOLUVHNDUPWRNVLNWLU
DAT (Differantial Agglutination Test).
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DAG Diasilgliserol.
Degranlasyon*UDQOOHULQDoODUDNRUWDPDVHUEHVWOHPHOHUL
De novo$\QNLP\DVDOPDGGHQLQNRQDNWDWHNUDUVHQWH]OHQPHVL
Denatrasyon'RDONLP\DVDO\DSVQND\EHWPHVL*HULG|QPV]GU
Dentritik$DoGDOEHQ]HULJ|UQPGHRODQGDOODQSEXGDNODQDQ
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7 OHQIRVLWOHU D]DOP YH\D \RNWXU 3HULIHUGHNL OHQIRVLWOHULQ oRX YH\D WDPDP %
lenfositleridir. Mikobakteri, maQWDU YH YLUXV LQIHNVL\RQODUQD GX\DUOGU (N RODUDN
paratiroid bezi de bulunmayabilir.
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Disemine<D\JQ
Displazi+FUHOHULQG]HQVL]DPDQHRSODVWLNROPD\DQoRDOPDODU
DNCB Dinitrochlorobenzene.
DNP Dinitrofenol.
'RDODQWLNRU Plazmada bulunan immunoglobulinler.
Domain ilmik.
DOS'LHWL2OXX6YV
Duffy antijeni (ULWURVLW KFUH PHPEUDQQGD EXOXQDQ ELU WU PLQ|U NDQ JUXEX
antijeni.

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 1198

EBV Epstein Bar Virus.

ECF Eozinofilik Kemotaktik Faktr.
ECF-A Eozinofilik Kemotaktik Faktr-A(nafilaksi).
EGF Epidermal byme faktr.
ELISA (Enzym Linked Immunosorbent Assay) Serum ierisinde belirli bir
DQWLNRUX WHVSLW HWPH\H \DUD\DQ ELUWHVWWLU6HUXPYDUODUDQDQDQWLNRUXEDOD\DFDN
antijen ile muamele edilir. Antikor varsa bu antijen ile birOHLU%XWHVWDQWLMHQ-antikor
kompleksini spektroskopik olarak tespit eder.
EP-GP Ekstra-parotis glikoproteini.
Epitop $QWLMHQLNGHWHUPLQDQW$QWLMHQLNGHWHUPLQDQWDYHULOHQELUEDNDLVLPGLU
Eritrosit antijeni (Kan grubu antijenleri) Bireyin eritrositlerinin yzeyinde
JOLNROLSLWYH\DJOLNRSHSWLW\DSGDEXOXQDQDQWLMHQOHUGLU$%$%YH2VQIQGDQGU
Eritoblastosis fetalis <HQLGRDQQ KHPROLWLN KDVWDO 5K DQQHQLQ 5+
EHEHH JHEH NDOPDV\OD DQQHGH DQWL-5+ ,J* DQWLNRUODU ROXXU YH SODVHQWDGDQ
fetusa geerek hemoliz yapar.
ES Edmonston Schwarz.
EZ Edmonston Zagreb.

F
Fab para $QWLJHQ %LQGLQJ )UDJPHQW $QWLNRUPROHNOQQPPXQJOREXOLQ
DQWLMHQLWXWDQSDUoDV
FACS Florescent Activated Cell Sorter.
Fc para (Cristalizable Fragment) Antikor moleklnQPPXQJOREXOLQNRQDN
VDYXQPDHOHPDQODUWDUDIQGDQWDQQDQSDUoDV
FITC Floresin izotiyosiyanat.
Fitohemagltinin Lektin. Mitozu indkler ve lenfositlerin transformasyonunu
VDODU
Forshay testi Franciella tularenisH NDU JHFLNPL DU GX\DUOO Dnlamak
LoLQ\DSODQYHWEHUNOLQWHVWLQHEHQ]H\HQELUWHVW
Forssman antijeni Streptococcus pneumoniada, at, koyun ve kpek
HULWURVLWOHULQLQ \]H\LQGH GRPX]XQ ED] GRNXODUQGD EXOXQDQ ELU JXUXS KHWHURILO
antijene bu isim verilir. Forssaman antijeni tavDQGD EXOXQPD] %X VHEHSOH DQWL-
)RUVVPDQDQWLNRUODUWDYDQGDKD]UODQU
FR Framework blgesi.
Freunds adjuvan $QWLMHQ YHULOHQ ELU NRQDQ LPPXQ FHYDEQ DUWUPDN LoLQ
DQWLMHQH LODYH HGLOHQ NDWN PDGGHOHUL %DVLWoH \D HPOVL\RQX NXOODQOUVD WDP
olmayan )UHXQGV DGMXYDQ GHQLU (HU LoHULVLQH |O Mycobacterium smegmatis
KFUHOHULLODYHHGLOLUVHWDP)UHXQGVDGMXYDQDGQDOU

G
G6PD Glukoz-6-fosfat dehidrogenaz.
GALT *XW $VVRFLDWHG /\PSKRLG 7LVVXHV %DUVDQ OHQIRLG GRNXODU 3H\HU
SODNODUYV
Gamma globulin 6HUXPGDEXOXQDQJOREXOLQOHULQELUVQI
GCSF Granloist koloni stimule eden faktr.
GM-CSF Granlosit-makrofaj koloni stimule eden faktr.
GTA *HoWLSDUGX\DUOONWLS
GTP Guanozin trifosfat.
GVH (Graft versus Host) Graft reddi reaksiyonu.
 1199

H
Hapten .HQGLVL DQWLNRU ROXWXUPD\DQ QRQLPPXQRMHQ DPD PHYFXW
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diHU ELU RUJDQL]PD LoLQ DQWLMHQLN RODELOLU gUQHLQ Streptococcus pneumoniaQQ
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HAT Hipoksantin-aminopterin-timidin.
HBIG Hepatit B Ig.
HbsAg (Hepatitis B Surface Antigen, Avustralya antijeni) Hepatit B virusunun
yzey antijeni.
HBV Hepatit B virus.
HCG Human chronic gonadotropin.
Heterotransplantasyon Bkz. Transplantasyon.
HEV  +HSDWLW ( YLUXV   +LJK (QGRWHOLDO 9HQXOHV /HQI GPOHULQLQ
PHGXOODVQQ KHPHQ GQGD SDUDNRUWLNDO E|OJHGH HQGRWHO WDEDNDV NDOQODDUDN
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Heterofil antijen %LUELUOHUL\OH JHQHWLN RODUDN KLo DODNDV ROPD\DQ DW NX
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tesadfen birbirine benziyor olabilir. Byle antijenlere heterofil antijen denir.
Heteroimmunizasyon %DND ELU FDQOQQ ELU ELUH\LQLQ RUJDQ GRNX YH\D
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HLA +XPDQ OHXFRF\WH $QWLJHQ QVDQ O|NRVLW \]H\LQGH EXOXQDQ
endoantijenler. Doku uygunluk antijenidir. Immun hcreler kendisinden olan veya
ROPD\DQKFUHOHULEXQDEDNDUDNWDQU
HLA-1 %X DQWLMHQOHU ELUH\LQ EWQ oHNLUGHNOL KFUHOHULQLQ PHPEUDQQGD
bulunur. CD8 7 OHQIRVLWOHUL WDUDIQGDQ WDQQU YH EDODQG KFUHQLQ OL]LVLQH VHEHS
olur.
HLA-2 B lenfositleri, makrofaj, dentritik hcre, endotel hcreleri ve aktive T
OHQIRVLWOHULQGH EXOXQXU 0DNURIDM YH OHQIRVLW HWNLOHLPLQGH URO DOU &' 7 OHQIRVLWOHUL
WDUDIQGDQWDQQU
Homotransplantasyon Bkz. Transplantasyon.
HSA+XPDQ6HUXP$OEXPLQQVDQVerum albmini.
Hiperimmun serum Yksek titrede zgl antikor ieren serum.
HRF Homolog Restriction Factor.
HSV Herpes Simplex Virus.
HTLV-1 Human T lymphothropic Virus-1
Humoral immunite 6YVDO EDNON $QWLNRUODUQ YH D\UFD NRPSOHPDQ
interferon, li]R]LPSURSHUGLQLoHUHQYFXWVYODUQQUROR\QDGEDNON
+FUH\HEDOLPPXQLWH7LS,9DUGX\DUOONDQWLNRUEDPOROPD\DQDU
GX\DUOON7KFUHOHULQHEDODUGX\DUOONUHDNVL\RQODUQLIDGHHGHU

I
ICAM (Intercelullar adhesion PROHFXOH+FUHOHUDUDVWXWXQPDPDWHU\DOL
IDDM ,QVXOLQ 'HSHQGHQW 'LDEHWHV 0HOOLWXV ,QVOLQ NXOODQPD\ JHUHNWLUHQ
diyabet.
IEL (IntraEpitelial lymphocyt) Epitel doku ierisinde yer alan lenfositler.
 1200

IFN Gamma interferon

Ig PPXQJOREXOLQ6HUXPGDNLJORbulinler.
IgA LPPXQJOREXOLQ$%LUoHLWVHUXPJOREXOLQLGLU0ROHNODUON'DGXU
ve serum globulinlerinin %15-VLQL ROXWXUXU 6DOJODUGD YH YFXW VYODUQGD
bulunur.
IgD (immunglobulin D) Serumda eser miktarda bulunur. B lenfositlerinin
yzeyiQGH\HUDOU$QWLMHQX\DUPDVLOHROXDQ%KFUHIDUNOODPDVQGDUROYDUGU
IgE LPPXQJOREXOLQ ( %LU oHLW VHUXP JOREXOLQLGLU 6HUXPGD oRN D]GU GDKD
oRN PDVW KFUHOHUL YH ED]RILOOHULQ \]H\LQGH EXOXQXU 7LS , DU GX\DUOON
UHDNVL\RQODUQDNDWOU.
IGFQVOLQEHQ]HULE\PHIDNW|U
IgG LPPXQJOREXOLQ * 0ROHNO DUO  N'D GXU YH VHUXP JOREXOLQOHULQLQ
%70-LQL ROXWXUXU *Ho DU GX\DUOON NRPSOHPDQ YH RSVRQL]DV\RQD NDWOU
plasenta ve ste geer.
IgM LPPXQJOREXOLQ 0 0ROHNO DUO 900 kDa dur ve serum globulinlerinin
XQX ROXWXUXU % OHQIRVLWOHULQGH EXOXQXU GRNXODUD JHoPH] NRPSOHPDQ
UHDNVL\RQODUQD NDWOU KXPRUDO VDYXQPD HOHPDQGU $QWLMHQLN X\DU\D LON FHYDS
YHUHQDQWLNRUGXU<DU|PUJQGU
IL-1QWHUO|NLQPPQKFUHOHUDUDVKDEHUOHPH\LVDOD\DQELUVLWRNLQGLU
IL-2QWHUO|NLQPPQKFUHOHUDUDVKDEHUOHPH\LVDOD\DQELUVLWRNLQGLU
IL-3QWHUO|NLQPPQKFUHOHUDUDVKDEHUOHPH\LVDOD\DQELUVLWRNLQGLU
IL-4QWHUO|NLQPPQKFUHOHUDUDVKDEHUOHPH\LVDOD\DQELUVLWRNLQGLU
IL-5QWHUO|NLQPPQKFUHOHUDUDVKDEHUOHPH\LVDOD\DQELUVLWRNLQGLU
IL-6QWHUO|NLQPPQKFUHOHUDUDVKDEHUOHPH\LVDOD\DQELUVLWRNLQGLU
IL-7QWHUO|NLQPPQKFUHOHUDUDVKDEHUOHPH\LVDOD\DQELUVLWokindir.
IL-8QWHUO|NLQPPQKFUHOHUDUDVKDEHUOHPH\LVDOD\DQELUVLWRNLQGLU
PPXQ NRPSOHNV Antijen-DQWLNRU NRPSOHNVL ELUELUOHULQH \DSP DQWLMHQ YH
DQWLNRUPROHNOOHULQLQLNLVLQHELUGHQNXOODQODQELUWHULPGLU
PPXQ FHYDS $QWLMHQ LOH NDUODDQ NRQDQ X o GDYUDQQ LIDGH HGHU 
DQWLNRUUHWLPLDUGX\DUOONLPPXQWROHUDQV
PPQRMHQ PPXQ\DQWPH\GDQDJHWLUPH\HWHQHL
PXQL]DV\RQ %DNODPDN
PPXQGRPLQDQW $QWLMHQLN PROHNOQ DQWLNRUD GDKD NXYYHWOH EDODQDQ
SDUoDV
PPXQIOoresans %LUPLNURVNRSLWHNQLLGLU0DWHU\DOLQLoHULVLQGHYDUODUDQDQ
bir antijen veya antikor kendisine zgl olan ve nceden floresan boya ile
LDUHWOHQPLRODQDQWLMHQYH\DDQWLNRULOHPXDPHOHHGLOLU6RQUDX\JXQGDOJDER\XQGD
NYHUHQPLNURNRSWDLQFHOHQLU$UDQDQDQWLMHQYH\DDQWLNRUYDUVDNVDoDUHNLOGH
grnr.
PPXQRMHQ.RQDDYHULOGLLQGHDQWLNRUROXWXUDQ$QWLMHQNHOLPHVLQGHQNoN
IDUNODUOD D\UOU  LPPXQRMHQ NRQDNWD WROHUH HGLOPH] DQWLMHQ WROHUH HGLOHELOLU 
LPPXQRMHQEDNONEUDNUDQWLMHQEUDNPD\DELOLU
PPXQSDUDOL]L.RQDQYHULOHQDQWLMHQHWDPELUND\WV]ONKDOL
PPXQ WROHUDQV $QWLMHQH EDN \DQWV]ON YH\D \DQWQ JHFLNPHVL
GXUXPXGXU 'RXWDQ RODELOLU YH\D VRQUDGDQ RUWD\D oNDELOLU %D] DQWLMHQOHU oRN
yksek dozdD YHULOGLLQGH YH\D X]XQ DUDONODUOD oRN GN GR]GD WHNUDU-tekrar
YHULOGLNOHULQGH NRQDN EX DQWLMHQL EHNOHQHQ LGGHWWH FHYDSODPD\DELOLU %XQD LPPXQ
tolerans denir.
PPXQVXSUHV\RQ PPXQVLVWHPLQELUVHEHSOHEDVNODQPDV
IP3 QRVLWROWULIRVIDW
 1201

]RDQWLMHQ DOORDQWLMHQ$\QLWUGHQELUH\OHUGHIDUNOONJ|VWHUHQDQWLMHQOHUGLU

]RLPPXQL]DV\RQ $\Q FDQOQQ EDND ELU ELUH\LQLQ RUJDQ GRNX YH\D
DQWLMHQOHULQHNDUELUEDNDELUH\LEDNODPDN

K
Kanserojen Bkz. Onkojenik
Karsinojen Bkz. Onkojenik
KGH Kronik graQORPDW|]KDVWDONODU
KKK .]DPN-.]DPNoN-Kabakulak.
Klasik aktivasyon .RPSOHPDQQ &T SDUoDVQQ DQWLNRUXQ )F SDUoDVQD
EDODQPDVLOHEDOD\DQNRPSOHPDQUHDNVL\RQX
Kompetan hcre Kendisine antijen sunulan, belirli bir fonksiyon iin
|]HOOHPLLPPn hcre.
Kompleman7D]HVHUXPGDYHGRNXVYODUQGDEXOXQDQYHDNWLYHHGLOGLLQGH
]LQFLUOHPHUHDNVL\RQODUDJLUHUHNDQWLMHQLN\DS\DLPPXQFHYDSROXWXUDQFLYDUQGD
UHDNWLISURWHLQGHQROXDQVLVWHP
Kompleman aktivasyonu Herhangi bir antijen veya antijen-antikor kompleksi
WDUDIQGDQ NRPSOHPDQQ &T SDUoDVQGDQ LWLEDUHQ  ]LQFLUOHPH UHDNVL\RQODUQQ
EDODWOPDV%XROD\&D2+ ve Mg2+L\RQODUJHUHNVLQLU6UD\ODYH
 SURWHLQOHUL DNWLYH ROXU %XQD NODVLN \RO GHQLU %LU EDND \RO $OWHUQDtif yoldur
DNWLYDV\RQQFNRPSOHPDQSURWHLQLQGHQEDODU
Kompleman fiksasyon testi 9HULOHQ ELU |UQHNWH NRPSOHPDQ DNWLYH
HGHELOHFHN KHUKDQJL ELU DQWLMHQLN GHWHUPLQDQW EXOXQXS EXOXQPDGQ DQODPDN LoLQ
X\JXODQU
Kopresipitasyon Normalde presipite edilemeyen molekllerin veya
komplekslerin presipitasyonu
Kriptik anijen (sessiz determinant) Bir antijen moleklnde antijenik
GHWUPLQDQWLoHULENOHUHNNDWODQDELOLUYHLPPXQKFUHOHULQWHPDVQGDQX]DNRODELOLU
%|\OHGXUXPODUGDNXYYHWOLDQWLMHQROPDVQDUDPen bu molekl sessizce kalabilir.

L
LAK /\PSKRNLQH$FWLYDWHG.LOOHU/HQIRVLWX\DUV\OD|OGUFRODELOHQKFUH
/DSLQL]H D /DSLQL]HG YDFFLQH 9LUXODQV oRN VD\GD VHUL SDVDMODU LOH
D]DOWOPFDQOD$WHQHD
LBP Lipopolisakkarit Binding Protein.
Lenfokin 6DOJODQDUDN OHQIRVLWOHU DUDV KDEHUOHPH VDOD\DQ NLP\DVDO
maddeler.
LCM Lenfositik koriyomenenjit.
LF Limes floklasyonu.
LFA Leucocyte Function Associated.
LGL (arge Granular Lymphocyte). ok ekirdekli lenfositler.
LPS Lipopolisakkrit.
LTB4 Lkotrien B4.
LT Lenfotoksin.

M
Maloney Testi'LIWHULWRNVRLGLQHDUGX\DUOOQWHVSLWHGLOGLLELUGHULWHVWL
 1202

MALT0XFRVD$VVRFLDWHG/\PSKRLG7LVVXH0XNR]DLOHLOLNLOLOHQIRLGGRNX

M-CSF Monosit makrofaj koloni stimule eden faktr. DolDPGD EXOXQPD]
YH\D SHN D] EXOXQXU .HPLN LOLLQGHNL PRQRVLWOHULQ SUHNUV|U KFUHOHULQL X\DUDUDN
ROJXQODWUU
M antijeni %XWHULPoDQODPGDNXOODQOU$JXUXEXVWUHSWRNRNODUGDEXOXQDQ
antijenik bir protein (Bkz. M protein), 2) BrucellaODUQ \]H\ DQWLMHQL  %D]
HQWHUREDNWHULOHUGHJDODNWR]LGD]WUDQVSRUWVLVWHPLQHNDWODQELUSURWHLQDQWLMHQ
MAC 0HPEUDQH $WWDFN &RPSOH[ .RPSOHPDQ DNWLYDV\RQX LOH ROXDQ &
proteini. (Bkz. Zara hcum kompleksi)
MAF0DFURSKDJH$FWLYDWLQJ)DFWRU0DNURIDMDNWLYHHden faktrler.
MALT 0XFRVD $VVRFLDWHG /\PSKRLG 7LVVXH 6LQGLULP VROXQXP URJHQLWDO
VLVWHPLQ PXNR]DODUQQ KHPHQ DOWQGD NPHOHHQ YH |]HOOHHUHN GRNX ROXWXUDQ
lenfoid hcreler.
Malnutrisyon Kt beslenme.
MBL Mannan Binding Lectin yolu.
MCA Methylcholanthrene.
MCP Membran kofaktr proteini.
MCSF Makrofaj Koloni stimle edici faktr.
Membrana hcum kompleksi Bkz. Zara hcum kompleksi.
MFR Mannosil flukonil reseptr
MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex, doku uygunluk antijenleri) Bu
molekl, bLU NRQDQ EDWD O|NRVLWOHU ROPDN ]HUH ELU oRN KFUHVLQLQ \]H\LQGH
EXOXQXU YH ELUH\H |]HOGLU PPQ KFUHOHU 0+& DQWLMHQOHULQH EDNDUDN NHQGL NRQDN
KFUHOHULQLWDQ\DELOLUOHU0+&-I ve MHC-,,ROPDN]HUHVQIWU
MIF Migrasyon inhibisyon faktr.
Miyeloid seri .HPLN LOLLQGH EXOXQDQ NDQ KFUHOHULQH HULWURVLW WURPERVLW
HR]LQRILOED]RILOYVG|QHQSURJHQLW|UKFUHJUXEX
MLD Minimum letal doz.
MMP Matriks metalloproteinaz.
MPA Macrophaga Plasminogen Activator
Monokin0RQRVLWOHUGHQVDOQDQVLtokinin zel ismi.
Monoklonal antikor 7HN WLS SOD]PD KFUHVL DNWLYH % OHQIRVLWL WDUDIQGDQ
sentezlenen antikorlar.
Monovalan7HNGHHUOL
0RQRYDODQD6DGHFHELUKDVWDONLoLQKD]UODQPD
Myeastenia Gravis Nrosinaptik membranlarda asetilkolin ersHSW|UOHULQHNDU
ROXDQDQWLNRUODUVHEHEL\OHJHOLHQELUNDVKDUHNHWVL]OLL
Myogloblin 0L\RVLWNDV KFUHOHULQGH EXOXQDQ RNVLMHQL WDPDNOD J|UHYOL
solunum pigmenti olan bir protein.

N
NALT (Nasopharyngeal Associated Lymphoid Tissue) Nazofarinks ile ilgili
lenfoid doku.
NBT Nitroblu tetrazolinyum test.
NCF Ntrofil kemotaktik faktr.
NK Natrel killer hcresi.
NO Azot monoksit, nitrik oksit.
NOD Non-obese diyabetik .
 1203

Ntralizasyon NL DQODPD JHOHELOLU  %LU o|]HOWLQLQ DVLWLQ ]HULQH DONDOL Yeya
bir alkalinin zerine asit ilave ederek zeltinin asitlik veya alkalilik derecesini
D]DOWPDN WDPSRQODPDN  %LU NLP\DVDO PROHNOQ DQWLMHQLN |]HOOLLQL RUWDGDQ
NDOGUDFDNHNLOGH|]JODQWLNRUODULOHELUOHWLUPH\LHVDVDODQLPPQRORMLNELUWHVW
Ntralizasyon testi $QWLMHQOHULQ |]JO DQWLNRUODU LOH EDODQDUDN Q|WUDOL]H
HGLOGLLELUWHVW
Ntrofil6LWRSOD]PDVQ|WUDOER\DODULOHER\DQDQO|NRVLW
Ntropeni'RODPGDNLNDQGDQ|WURILOO|NRVLWOHULQD]DOPDV
Null hcreleri Ne B ne de T cinsi lenfositler.

O
OAF Osteoclast Activating Factor. Bir lenfokindir.
OKVH 2WRLPPQNROODMHQYDVNOHUKDVWDON
Onkofetal antijen IHWDO DQWLMHQ )HWDO KD\DWWD EXOXQDQ DPD HULNLQGH KLo
EXOXQPD\DQ YH\D oRN D] EXOXQDELOHQ DQWLMHQOHUGLU %D] NDQVHUOHUGH \HWLNLQGH
kandDNLPLNWDUODUDUWJ|VWHULU'L\DJQRVWLNDPDoODUODWHVSLWHGLOLU
OnkojenikNDQVHURMHQNDUVLQRMHQ.DQVHUROXPDVQDVHEHSRODQ
Ontogeni RQWRJHQ\/HQIRLGKFUHOHULQELUH\VHOJHOLPHVL
Opsonin %DNWHULOHULQ IDJRVLWLN KFUHOHU WDUDIQGDQ GDKD NROD\ WDQQPDVQ
VDOD\DQDQWLNRUQLWHOLLQGHNLNRPSOHPDQSURWHLQOHUL
Opsonizasyon .RPSOHPDQQ EDODQG LoLQ NROD\ YH K]O JHOLHQ IDJRVLWR]
ROD\
Optiumum %HNOHQHQ XPXODQ PLNWDUGD ID]OD YH\D D] GHLO QRUPDO NRXO YH
normal miktarda olan.
OPV Oral poliovaksin.
Otoagltinasyon %HNOHGLNoHNHQGLOLLQGHQRUWD\DoNDQDJOWLQDV\RQ
Otoantikor .HQGLDQWLMHQLQHNDURODDQDQWLNRU
Otoantijen .RQDQNHQGLVLQHDLWDQWLMHQ
2WRLPPQKDVWDON.RQDQNHQGLKFUHOHULQHNDULPPQFHYDSEDODWPDV
LOHROXDQ\D\JQGRNXKDUDEL\HWLLOHVH\UHGHQQRQLQIHNVL\|]KDVWDONODU
Otograft 2WRWUDQVSODQWDV\RQ DPDF LOH D\Q ELUH\LQ EDND ELU E|OJHVLQGHQ
DOQDQGRNX
Otokrin etki %LU LPPQ KFUHGHQ VDOJODQDQ VLWRNLQOHULQ \LQH D\Q KFUH\L
etkilemesi.
Otolog .LLQLQNHQGLGRNXODUQGDQUHWLOHQ
Ototransplantasyon Bkz. Transplantasyon.

P
PAF 3ODWHOOHW DNWLYH HGLFL IDNW|U 0HPHOL KFUHOHULQLQ PHPEUDQQD EDO
fosfolipaz-A2DUDFOLOHVDOJODQDQELUHQ]LPGLU
PALS Periarteryel lenfoid (manto) doku. Dalaktaki ana arteri epeevre
NXDWDQDNSXOSDGRNXVX
Pandemi %LU LQIHNVL\RQ KDVWOQQ ELU NWD YH\D ELU NDo ONHGH D\Q DQGD
\D\JQHNLOGHRUWD\DoNPDVGU
Parakoaglasyonh]HULQHSOD]PDHNOHQLQFHROXDQNRDJODV\RQ
Parakrin etkiPPQKLFUHGHQVDOQDVLWRNLQOHULQVLVWHPLNGRODPDNDWOPD\S
VDGHFHEXOXQGXXE|OJHGHNLORNDOHWNLVL
 1204

Paratop $QWLNRUXQ HSLWRSD \DSDQ SDUoDV $QWLNRU PROHNOQQ DQWLMHQ

EDOD\DQNVP
Paul-Bunnel Testi KHWHURILO DJOWLQDV\RQ WHVWL QIHNVL\|] PRQRQNOHR]OX
KDVWDODUQ VHUXPODUQGD ROXan bir antikor koyun eritrositlerini agltine eder.
'L\DJQRVWLN DPDo LOH KDVWD VHUXPX YH NR\XQ HULWURVLWL DUDVQGD \DSODQ ELU
laboratuvar testidir.
PD-ECGF Trombosit kkenli hcresel byme faktr.
PDGF Trombosit kkenli byme faktr.
Perforin NK ve TcKFUHOHULQLQKHGHIKFUH]DUQGDGHOLNOHUDoDQSURWHD]ODUQ
tmne verilen genel isim.
PersistanQDWoGHYDPOGLUHQHQ
3H\HU SODNODU QFH EDUVDNWD VXEPXNR]DO \HUOHLPOL OHQIRLG GRNX DGDFNODU
%XSODNODUDVOQGDELU0$/7GU
PinositozoPHN6YPDGGHQLQKFUH\HDOQPDV
PKC Fosfokinaz C.
PlazmositSOD]PDKFUHVL$QWLMHQLOHX\DUOGNWDQVRQUD|]JO,J0DQWLNRUODU
VHQWH]OH\HQ%OHQIRVLWOHUL$\QLDQWLNRUXVHQWH]OH\HQX\DUOP%KFUHOHUL
PolivalandRNGHHUOLNOLoRNDPDoO
3ROLYDODQ D Bir PLNURRUJDQL]PDQQ ELUGHQ ID]OD VXODUQD NDU NRUX\XFX
|]HOOLN J|VWHUHQ D 9H\D ELUGHQ ID]OD PLNURRUJDQL]PD NXOODQODUDN ELUGHQ ID]OD
KDVWDODNDUNRUX\XFXOXNJ|VWHUHQNDUPDD
PC Fosforil kolin.
PPD (Purified Protein Derivate) Mycobacterium tuberculosis kltr
ILOWUDWODUQGDQHOGHHGLOHQEDNWHULSURWHLQOHULGLU7EHUNOLQGHULWHVWLQGHNXOODQOU
PEG Polietilen glikol.
PHA Fitohemagltinin
PKC Fosfokinaz C.
Plazma hcresi $QWLMHQLOHX\DUOP|]JODQWLNRUVHQWH]OH\HQ%OHQIRVLWL
PNL Polimorf nkleer lkosit.
Presipitasyon%LUDQWLNRUXQo|]QHELOLUKRPRORJDQWLMHQLLOHNDUODWUOGQD
kelmesi.
Presipitin (presipitat) Bir antikorun, znebilir homolog antijeni ile
NDUODWUOGQDROXWXUGXXNRPSOHNVOHU
Presipitin testi znebilir antijenler zerine antikor ilave ederek presipitin
ROXPDVSUHQVLELQHGD\DQDQVHURORMLNWHVW
Properdin Serumda bulunan bir protein.
Properdin sistemi $\QHQ NRPSOHPDQ VLVWHPLQGH ROGXX JLEL DNWLYH
ROGXXQGD RSVRQL]DV\RQ LOH VRQXoODQDQ ELU GL]L LQWHUDNWLI protein serisidir.
.RPSOHPDQQ&SDUoDVGDROD\DGDKLOROXU3URSHUGLQV\DGX\DUORODQ)DNW|U%
YH)DNW|U'GHQROXXU
Protektif antijen %LU PLNURRUJDQL]PDQQ NRQDN WDUDIQGDQ DQWLNRU UHWLOHQ
antijeni.
Prozon $QWLMHQLQDQWLNRULOHWLWUHHGLOGLLUHDNVL\RQODUGDDQWLNRUXQID]ODROPDV
GXUXPXQGDJ|UQUDJOWLQDV\RQXQEXOXQPDPDVQLIDGHHGHU

Q
Quellung reaksiyonu .DSVOLPHUHDNVL\RQX

R
 1205

Ramon titrasyonu Sabit miktardaki antijen (mesela difteri toksoidi) zerine

JLGHUHNVXODQGUOPDQWLVHUXPLODYHHGLOGLLQGHSUHVLSLWDV\RQXQLONPH\GDQDJHOGLL
titrasyon.
Reajin 5HDJLQKRPRVLWRWURSLNDQWLNRU%LUDOOHUMHQWDUDIQGDQ\DNDODQDUDN
PDVW KFUH \]H\LQH EDODQDELOHQ DQWLNRUODU PHVHOD ,J( DQWLNRUODU  )UHQJL
WDQVQGD NXOODQODQ :DVVHUPDQ UHDNVL\RQXQGDNL NRPSOHPDQ EDOD\DQ DQWLNRUODUD
da bu isim verilir.
Reiter antijeni +DVWDON \DSPD\DQ TreponemaODUQ DQWLMHQOHULQH WRSOXFD EX
isim verilir. FTA-ABS testinden nce hasta serumu Reiter antijeni ile muamele
edilerek serumdaki avirulan Treponema DQWLNRUODU EORNH HGLOLU E|\OHFH DVO WHVWLQ
|]JOODUWDU
Rekombinan Rekombinasyon sonucunda genotipi belirlenen mikroorganizma
YH\DNURPDWLGYH\DQNOHLNDVLWLoLQNXOODQODQELUVIDWWU
RES 5HWLNOR (QGRWHO\DO 6LVWHP %X WHULP X KFUHOHUL WRSOXca ifade eder:
NDUDFLHUGH .XSIIHU KFUHOHUL E|EUHNWH LQWUDJORPHUXO PH]HQNLPDO PDNURIDMODU
DOYHROHU PDNURIDMODU VHU|] EROXNWDNL PDNURIDMODU EH\LQGHNL JOLD KFUHOHUL GDODN
VLQVPDNURIDMODUOHQIGPOHULQGHNLPDNURIDMODU
RF Bkz. Romatoid faktor
Rh antijeni (Rh faktr) Eritrositlerin yzeyinde bulunan bir izoantijendir.
0DFDFXV 5KHVXV PD\PXQODUQQ HULWURVLWOHULQGH EXOXQGXXQGDQ EX LVPL DOU
.HOLPHQLQ EDQGDNL U KDUILQH EDNDUDN UK \D]OGQGD QHJDWLI 5K \D]OGQGD
SR]LLWLIDQODPQDJHOLU.
RIA 5DG\RLPPXQDVVD\5DG\RL]RWRSLOHLDUHWOLDQWLMHQYH\DDQWLNRUNXOODQDUDN
VHUXPGDNLDQWLMHQYH\DDQWLNRUPLNWDUQWHVSLWHWPH\H\DUD\DQELUWHVW
RIST 5DG\RLPPXQDEVRUEDQW WHVW 5,$ WHVWLQLQ ,J( LoLQ PRGLIL\H HGLOPL ELU
HNOLGLU
Romatoit faktr (RF 5RPDWRLG DUWULWOL KDVWDODUQ VHUXPXQGD EXOXQDQ
JHQHOOLNOH,J0\DSVQGDELUDQWLNRUGXU

S
Sabin-Feldman Testi 7RNVRSOD]PRVLV WDQVQGD NXOODQODQ ELU WHVWWLU )DUH
SHULWRQXQGD UHWLOHQ WRNVRSOD]PDODUQ KDVWD VHUXPXQGD FDQOONODUQ NRUXPDV
HVDVQDGD\DQU
SALT (Skin Associated Lymphoid Tissue). Deri ile ilgili lenfoid doku.
Self tolerans .RQDQ NHQGL DQWLMHQOHULQH NDU LPPQ \DQW ROXWXUPDPDV
halini ifade eder.
Serpin Serin proteaz inhibitr.
Seroloji $QWLMHQOHU DQWLNRUODU YH DUDODUQGDNL HWNLOHLPOHU ]HULQH
ODERUDWXYDUGD\DSODQoDOPD
Serotip $\Q EDNWHULQLQ IDUNO \]H\ DQWLMHQOHULQH VDKLS ROGXX LoLQ VHURORMLN
RODUDNIDUNO|]HOOLNJ|VWHUHQWLSL
Serotonin +70DVWKFUHOHULYHWURPERVLWOHUWDUDIQGDQVDOQDQYHWULSWRIDQ
(bir amiQR DVLWQ GHNDUERNVLODV\RQXQGDQ DoD oNDQ PDGGH $QDILODNVL\H NDWOU
histamine benzer etki gsterir.
Serum .DQQVYNVPGUoHULVLQGHHOHNWUROLWDOEXPLQOHUILEULQRMHQEXOXQXU
Plazmada bunlar bulunmaz.
 1206

6HUXP KDVWDO 7LS DU GX\DUOON $UWKXV UHDNVL\RQX DQODWU .RQDQ

DQWLMHQ LOH |QFHGHQ GX\DUOODWUOG GXUXPODUGD \HQLGHQ DQWLMHQ YHULOPHVL LOH
bbrekte, eklemlerde ve deide grlen inflamatuvar lezyonlar.
Sessiz determinant Bkz. Kriptik antijen
Shwartzman reaksiyonu Bir organizmaya endotoksinin ikinci defa verilmesi
LOHROXDQUHDNVL\RQODUGU%LULQFLGHIDHQGRWRNVLQYHULOGLLQGHHQGRWRNVLNRNROXXU
NLQFL GHID YHULOGLLQGH ELULQFL HQMHNVL\RQXQ \DSOG \HUGH ORNDOL]H QHNUR]ODU
SHWHL\DONDQDPDYHO|NRVLWLQILOWUDV\RQXROXU%X reaksiyona Shwartzman reaksiyonu
GHQLU+HULNLHQMHNVL\RQGDPDU\ROXQGDQ\DSOUVD6KZDUW]PDQUHDNVL\RQXGDKDIDWDO
VRQXoODQU
Sitokin +FUHOHULQ LPPQ KDEHUOHPH DPDF LOH VDOGNODU KHP GRODPD
geen hem de lokal etkili olan peptitlerdir.
Sitotoksik Hcreler zerine toksin etkisi gsteren.
6FDN RWRDQWLNRU *HQHOOLNOH 5K DQWLMHQLQH NDU ROXXS  C de reaksiyona
JLUHQ DQWLNRUODUGU %X DQWLNRUOD ELUOHHQ HULWURVLWOHU GDODN PDNURIDMODU WDUDIQGDQ
fagosite edilir.
6UDVDO HSLWRS (Sequential epytop) BiU SURWHLQ PROHNOQGH VUD\OD KHU
DPLQRDVLWDQWLMHQLN\DSROXWXUX\RUVDEXLVPLDOU
6YVDOEDNON Humoral immunite.
sIgA6HNUHWXYDU,J$6DOJVDOVDOJODUGDEXOXQDQ,J$DQWLNRUODU
Sitokin 6DOJODQDUDNKFUHOHUDUDVKDEHUOHPHVDOD\DQNLP\DVDO maddeler.
SLE Sistemik Lupus Eritematosus.
SLPI sekretuvar lkosit proteaz inhibitr.
6RXN DJOWLQLQ +RPRORJ DQWLMHQ LOH RGD VVQGD YH\D  & GH PXDPHOH
HGLOGLLQGHGHLOIDNDWVRXNWD&GHPXDPHOHHGLOGLLQGHROXDQDJOWLQLQ'DKD
ok atipik pQ|PRQL KDVWDODUQQ VHUXPODUQGD YH LQVDQ 2 JXUXEX HULWURVLWOHULQGH
RUWD\DoNDU
6RXN RWRDQWLNRU 2GD VFDNOQGD UHDNVL\RQD JLUHQ ,J0 WLSLQGHNL
RWRDQWLNRUODUGU
SRS-A Slow reacting Substance-A(nafilaksi).
Supresif%DVNOD\FHQJHOOH\LFL
Supresyon BaVNODPDEDVNDOWQGDWXWPDHQJHOOHPH
Switching2UJDQL]HKFUHWUDQVIRUPDV\RQODU%LUKFUHQLQEHOLUOLELUDPDoLOH
ELUEDNDKFUHoHLGLQH|]HOOHPHVL

T
7 EDPV]- %X HN |QQH JHOGLL LIDGH\H 7 OHQIRVLWOHULQGHQ EDPV] ROGXX
DQODPQ YHULU 7 OHQIRVLWOHULQLQ YDUONODU JHUHNPHGHQ KD]UODQDQ DQWLNRU YH\D 7
OHQIRVLWOHULQLQ PGDKDOH HWPHGLL DQWLMHQOHU YH\D 7 OHQIRVLWOHULQLQ NDUPDG
EDNONLoLQNXOODQOU
T lenfositi %LUOHQIRVLWFLQVLGLU7LPXVWDUHWLOGLLLoLQEDQD7KDUILJHOLU
TCR-1 T lenfositlerinin %5 inin yzeyinde bulunan heterodimer polipeptit
\DSGD ELU UHVHSW|UGU 9X PDGGHQLQ ROJXQODPDP 7&5- ROGXX
zannedilmektedir.
TCR-2 T lenfositlerinin %95 inin yzeyinde bulunan 90kDa luk bir polipeptit
reseptrdr.
Tegment NL DQODPGD NXOODQOU  7P YFXW GHULVL  %LU ROXXPX GWDQ
saran tabaka (kapsl, kabuk, zar vs..)
Tetanospazmin ClostridiumODUQVDOGQ|URWRNVLQ\DSVQGDELUHQ]LP
TGF-.7UDQVIRUPLQJ*URWK)DFWRU.7UDQVIRUPHHGLFLEyme faktr.
 1207

TGF- Transforming *URWK)DFWRU7UDQVIRUPHHGLFLEyme faktr.

THF Tymic Humoral Factor.
THR T lenfositlerinin yzeyindeki reseptrler.
Timosin (Faktr 5) 7LPXV HSLWHOLQGH VHQWH]OHQHQ YH 7 KFUH ROJXODPDVQ
VDOD\DQELUKRUPRQ
TIMP 0DWULNVPHWDOORSURWHLQD]ODUQGRNXinhibitr
Timosit 7LPXVWDJHOLPHNWHRODQKHQ]ROJXQODPDP7KFUHOHUL\DQLSUH-T
hcreler.
Timus *|V NDIHVLQLQ |Q GXYDUQGD VWHUQXPXQ KHPHQ DUNDVQGD oLIW OREOX
OHQIRLG RUJDQ %X GRNX HQGRNULQ ELU EH] RODUDN oDOU 7 OHQIRVLWOHULQLQ UHWLOGLL
RUJDQGUOHUOH\HQ\DODUGDNoOU
TIND7,QGHSHQGHQW7KFUHVLQGHQEDPV]
Titrasyon .DUODWNODUQGD ELUELUOHUL LOH ELUOHHFHNOHUL ELOLQHQ LNL NLP\DVDO
maddenin bilinen konsantrasyonlarda birbirlerine ilave edilmesi.
TNF Tmr nekroz faktr.
Toksoit %LU WRNVLQ oHLWOL LOHPOHUGHQ JHoLULOGLNWHQ VRQUD |UQHLQ IRUPDOLQ LOH
PXDPHOH HWPHN DQWLMHQLN |]HOOLLQL NRUX\XS WRNVLVLWHVLQL ND\EHGHELOLU %X GXUXPGD
WRNVRLWLVPLQLDOU
TolerojenPPQ\DQWV]ONYH\DLPPQWROHUDQVPH\GDQDJHWLUHQPDGGH
TPI 7UHSRQHPD 3DOOLGXP ,PPRELOL]DWLRQ 6ILOL] WHKLVLQGHNXOODQODQVHURORMLN
bir test.
Transplant7UDQVSODQWDV\RQVUDVQGDQDNOHGLOHQGRNXYH\DRUJDQ
Transplantasyon 2UJDQ YH\D GRNX QDNOL )DUNO LNL FDQO DUDVQGD ROXUVD
KHWHURWUDQVSODQWDV\RQ D\Q FDQO WUQQ IDUNO LNL ELUH\L DUDVQGD ROXUVD
KRPRWUDQVSODQWDV\RQD\QLELUH\LQNHQGLNHQGLVLQGHROXUVDRWRWUDQVSODQWDV\RQDGQ
DOU
TSA (Tumor Specific antigen) Sadece neoplastik hcre yzeylerinde bulunan
antijen.
TSH Tiroid stimulan hormon. Hipofizin endoNULQKRUPRQXGXU

U
Urtiker.DQW

V
VEGF Vaskler endotelyal byme faktr.
VDRL test 9HQHUHDO 'LVHDVHV 5HVHDUFK /DERUDWRU\ 7HVW  6ILOL]LQ WDQVQGD
NXOODQODQ LQDNWLYH KDVWD VHUXPX ]HULQH NDUGL\ROLSLQ-lesitin-kolesterol ilavesi ile
\DSODQVHURORjik bir test.
Vi antijeni Salmonella typhi ve Salmonella paratyphi C, Citrobacter YH ED]
atipik Escherichia coli WUOHULQGH EXOXQDELOHQ SROLVDNNDULW ELU DQWLMHQGLU <DSV 1-
acetylgalactosaminuronic acidtir. Termolabildir. Somatik O antijenini maskelemesini
HQJHOOHPHNDPDF\ODVWOUVDWDKULSROXU
VIP 9DVRDFWLYH ,QWHVWLQDO 3RO\SHSWLGH 'L SXOSDVQGD Q|URMHQLN LQIODPDV\RQ
PHGL\DW|URODUDNVLQLUOLIOHULQGHQVDOQDQELUQ|URSHSWLW
VL 9DULDEOH /LJKW FKDLQ $QWLNRU LPPXQ JOREXOLQ \DSVQGD EXOXQDQ ve
DQWLNRUGDQDQWLNRUDGHLLNOLNOHUJ|VWHUHQKDILI]LQFLUE|OJHVL
VLA (Very Late Activator) Adezyon yapan, integrin grubu 6 tane proteindir.
VLA-4 ve VLA-ELUHUILEURQHNWLQOLJDQWGU9/$-ODPLQLQOLJDQWGU
 1208

W
Wassermann reaksiyonu 6ILOL] WDQVQGD NXOODQODQ YH :DVVHUPDQQ
DQWLNRUODUQQWHVSLWLQLKHGHIOH\HQVHURORMLNELUWHVW
Widal testi SalmonellaODUD |]JO VHUXP DQWLNRUODUQ WHVSLW HGHQ ELU
agltinasyon testi.
Wiskott-Aldrich Sendromu ; NURPR]RPXQD EDO UHVHVLI JHoLOL % YH 7
lenfosit disfonkVL\RQKDVWDOGU%|\OHKDVWDODUGD&'VHQWH]OHQHPH]

X
X hcreleri $QWLMHQLOHKHQ]KLoWHPDVHWPHPLNRPSHWDQOHQIRVLWOHU

Y
Y hcreleri $QWLMHQ LOH LON WHPDVQ VDODP NRPSHWDQ OHQIRVLWOHU 0HPRU\
KFUHOHU+DI]DKFUHOHULELUHU<KFUHVLGLU

Z
Z hcreleri PPXQHIHNW|UKFUHOHU
Zara hcum kompleksi .RPSOHPDQ UHDNVL\RQXQXQ VRQXFX RODUDN \DEDQF
KFUH PHPEUDQQD EDODQDUDN KLGURILOLN |]HOOLL\OH ]DUQ LoLQH JLUHQ ELU WHN &-8
SDUoDV NRPSOHPDQ - WDQH & SDUoDVQ ]HULQH oHNHU 0RQRPHULN SUoteinler
RODQ & ODU oHSHoHYUH ]DUD \DSDUDN - $QJVWU|P oDSQGD GHOLN DoDUODU &
SDUoDV]DUDKFXPNRPSOHNVLDGQDOU
Zimojen (Zymogen) Kompleman aktivasyonunda bir sonraki kompleman
proteinini uyaran her bir paraya zimojen denir.
KAYNAK:
Singleton P, Sainsbury D. Dictionatry of Microbiology. NewYork, Johns WileySons,1978.
*OPH]ROX((UJYHQ6PPQRORML$QNDUD+DFHWWHSH7D\D\QODU

7HHNNU6|]OQKD]UODQPDVQDHPHLJHoHQ'U'HYULP6(d17\HWHHNNUOHU