H E N R Y B A R C L A Y S WE T E

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 MAC MI L LA N AND C O .
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LON D ON B OM B AY CA LC UTTA M A D RAS
M E LB OU R NE

TH E MA C MI LLA N C O M PA N Y
N E W YO R K S
BO T O N C HI C A GO
DA LL A S S AN FR A NC I SC O

THE MAC MI LLA N CO . OF C A NADA , LTD

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S

HE N RY BA R C LAY S w E TE
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,

S O M ETI M E
HE N R Y B A R C LAY S W E TE
D D. .
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S O M TI M E E RE G I U S P R O FE S S O R OF D IVI N I TY
C A M BR I D G E

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He g ave so me p astors an d t e achers for t he

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M A C M I L L A N A ND C O .
,
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ST . M A R T I N S S T R E E T,

L O ND O N

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 C OP Y R I G H T

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U N I VE R S ITY PR E SS
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 PRE FACE
IN the foll owing pages we have made an attempt to
give the story o f a quiet li fe with its amazing
industry and work acc omplished I f compar atively .

f w knew Dr Swete pers onally o intimately very

e . r ,

many have kn own and revered him in his b ook s .

We h ope this sketch of the man in the simplicity

o f his li fe with all the strength of its single
mindedness may be welc ome to his friends and
present such a p ortrait as may help to the ppr ci a e a

ti on of much that is truly characteristic of him in

his writings .

The materials fo Part I f ou sketch have r . O r

been drawn in the main fr om family diaries and

letters fr om Dr Swete s own rec ollecti ons f his
,

. O

childh ood and y outh and hom the intercourse o f ,

'

many year close c ompani onship and much prized

s

friendship. We are indebted to Mr Ge orge .

G ll op and Mr B
a Baker for in formati on of
. .

Blagd on days and to the Rev W Molesworth . .

Edwards and Miss Archer fo n otes on the Ash don r

pe ri od His former coll eague the Rev R

.
, . .

Kn owling D D now Can on of Durham has

,
. .
, ,

vii
viii PRE FACE
given us his impressi on f Dr Swete as Profess or O .

O f Pastoral The ol ogy at King s C ollege L o nd o n

,
.

Fo the Bibli ography our thank are due to Dr

r s .

C H Tur ner of O xford and the Editors nd

. . a

Publisher of Th J our n l of Th ol og i l S tudi s

s e a e ca e ,

fr o m which with a f w additi o ns it i reprinted

,
e ,
s .

The ph o t ograph of the portrait by Mr Hugh .

Rivi ere we ow to the ki ndness of the Master of

e

Gonville and Caius C ollege .

J uly 1
9 18 .
 C O N TE N TS

PA R T I
PA CE
18
35
-
1 854 . C H I L DH OO D A N D Y O UT H
1 8 54 1 8 5 8 . U N DER G R A DU A TE D AY S
U I I

1 85 8- 1 865 . E A R LY M I N I S TR Y
1 865- 1 8 77 . O N T H E S T A FF OF GO N V I LLE A N D
C A IU S C O LL E G E

18 8
77 9
-1
0 . R E C T O R OF AS H D O N
1 89 0- 1 9 1 5 . R E G IU P R O FESS O R OF
S D IVI N TY
I

1
9 1 5- 1 9 1
7 . E VE N T I DE

PA R T [1

S W ETE S C O N TRI B UT I O N

DR . To T HE O L OG I C A L
LE A R N I N G 9 !

I n trodu ct i oni i l St udi : H i to y f

: B bl ca es s r o

C h i ti n D o t in :
r s a P t i ti S tu di :
c r e a r s c es

L i tu g i l S t u di r T h J ou n l of T h o
ca es e r a e

l g i l S tu di
o ca t w o vol u m f C m b i dg
es es o a r e

E say : t h C mb i dg T h l og i l S i ty :
s s e a r e eo ca oc e

th C n t l S i ty f S
e e ra d S t u di
oc e: o ac re es

th D i vi n i ty T t i mon i um : C m b i dg
e es a r e

D i vi n i ty D g s e re e

D R S W ETE A LE C TURER A ND P REA C HER

. s 14
9
CO NCLUS I O N 1 60

PA R T [I ]
B I BL I O G RA P H Y 16
3
ix
 ILLUSTRATI O N S

H EN RY BA R C L A Y S W ET E D D ,
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,

F R OM A P H O T O G R A P H BY J . R SSU E LL
St S ON S, 1 9 0 6

C O LLE G E G R O U P , 1 85 7,

H EN RY BA R C LA Y S W ET E , D D
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FR O M T H E P O R T R A IT B Y MR . H UGH
R I V I ERE 1 9 06
,
 PA R T I

CHILDH OO D AN D Y O UTH
I 8 35 -
1 8 54

H E NR Y B A R C L A Y S W E TE was born at Redlands ,

Brist ol on Mar ch 1 4 1 835 the twel fth child of

, , ,

the R v J ohn Swete D D but the only one O f

e .
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,

his seco nd marriage This marriage was one O f

.

roma nce rather than wisd om A wid ower with six .

children still living whose ages ranged fr om nine

,

teen to seven years Dr Swete had fallen in l ove

,
.

with his c ousin and ward Car oline Ann Skinner ,

Barclay a delicate girl of tw enty one who alm ost

,
-
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immediately after her marriage in June 1 8 fel l ,

a victim to the family scourge of consumpti on and ,

died of that di sease a month after the birth o f her

son There is a charming miniature of her which
.

shews her to have been not only very attractive but

o f a sweet and gentle disp o siti o n ; and the witness

o f the portrait is b orne o u t by the love o f her ste p

children Anne the eldest barely two years her

.
, ,

juni or writes of her after her death During the

,
:

2 HE N RY B ARCLA Y SWETE
little time she was with us she set us a bright and
beauti ful e xample ; her hum ility her gentleness , ,

her untiring never varying kindness the absence

, ,

o f selshness in her character were very striking

,

never sh al l I forge ? her Christian deportment O .

for grace to foll ow her as she fol l owed Christ !

To her son she transmitted her gentle loveable ,

character and a certain taste and aptitude for draw

ing she painted and etched on ivory with delicacy
and skill She le ft him als o an ideal o f w omanho od
.

which he never l o st His devotion to his unkn own

.

m o ther was touching he b ore her name with pride

he was intensely l oyal in his a ffecti on to all relatives
o n her side and his last thoughts and w o
,
rds were of
her .

The th ought o f my m other has bee n ever
with me throughout my 8 2 years he c ould say on ,

his death bed and the last w ords he spoke were a

-

reminder o f his request that her weddi ng ring -

,

which he always w ore sh ould be buried with him

,
.

The y oung mother c ommitted her in fant on to s

the charge of Anne who writes in her diary

, :

B e fore his birth one night when I was sleeping

with her Car oline with much a ffecti on committed
,

her preci ous babe to my care begg ing me if she

, ,

were taken away to be a mother to her little one

,
.

The charge was nobly fullled Anne devoted her

.

whole sel f to him ; from her he received his rst

Bible less ons and later learnt to re ad his Greek
Testament .My sister he o ften said laid the
,

,
4 HENR Y B AR CLA Y S WE T E

teens while it was thought probable that he had

,

inherited the di sease {TOm his mother A nd Anne

-
.
,

the mother sister to whom they all turned became

-

a perm
,

anent invalid in 1 836 through a spinal

affection Playfellows O f his own a ge he had none
. .

N ext in age to him was his brother Horace eight ,

years his senior too great a gap to be bridged in

the days O f youth while the sisters were older still

,
.

Red letter days were tho se when a little cousin

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,

Lily Headland a ni ece al so of Mrs Swete came

,
.
,

to stay and play with him The whole environ .

ment was bad for a delicate sensitive child and ,

undoubtedl y it led to the great shyness and reserve

of later li fe and made him unable to sympathize

with the e xuberance of youth The fear that he .

would be in the way or was giving trouble was a

haunting one through the greater part Of li fe and ,

the evening S hadows had begun to lengthen be fore

he c ould be brought to realize that he was real ly

wanted and loved by his friends
Uncle was .

born Ol d a graceless nephew was once heard to

,

exclaim ; and in his impatience he spoke hal f a

truth .

In I 84 2 his father Dr Swete gave up the school

,
.
,

fo boys at Re dl ands which he had conducted suc

r

cessful l for twenty year s and took ch arge o f the

y ,

parish of Wendy a little village ne ar Cambridge

,
.

The reason of the move was apprehensi o n for the

health o f his elder son then an over g rown lad of
,
-
 CHILDH OO D AND Y O UTH 5

fteen A year s w ork on a farm happily rem oved

.

this fear The year saw a terric thunderst orm

.

still re membered in the l ocality as the great

st orm Over this part of Cambridgeshire ; this

and his rst visit to Cambridge were Henry s

mem ory of the time He would give a detailed .

and vivid description of the former while of the ,

latter he would say I can well remember two ,

things of my rst visit to Cambridge the wind ows :

in King s Chapel and eating bread and marmalade

,

in s ome kind F ellow s ro oms

.

Dr Swete returned to Bristol the fol l owing year

.
,

and there became a curate partly v oluntary at , ,

St Mary Redcli ff The beauti ful Church made a

. .

pro found impressi on on his little boy he loved it

and delighted to wander about it and pretend he
'

was Chatterton the il l fated p oet and forger of

,
-

antique verses who was o intimately c onnected

,
s

with St Mary s
I used to stain paper with c o ffee
. .

and write o n it in uncials and play I was Chatterton

and had discove red a Greek MS Fo the next .

r

seven years the family lived in Brist ol Henry being ,

educated by Anne and his father th ough fo a sh ort ,

r

time he was at Bish op s C ollege this was prob bl y

a

later between the years 1 8 50 1 8 52 Dr Swete

,
-
. .

must have been a b orn teacher ; his own educati on

w fo the m o st p rt received at Middlet o n Sch ool
as r a ,

C ork fr om whence he proceeded to Trinity

,

C ollege Dublin as a m dical student He did

, ,
e .
6 HE N RY BARCLAY SWETE
not take h onours at Trinity College and immedi ,

ately a fter his degree he read the ology with a view

to taking Holy O rders The C hange in his plans .

was due to his association at this time with a little

band o f earnest Evangelicals holding str ong
Calvinistic V iews By their inuence he was .

converted and at once abandoned his former

,

intenti on Of becoming a medical man and sought

to enter the ministry His e xtreme Calvini stic .

Opini ons were h owever not favourably regarded

, ,

by the Bishops of the Church of Ireland and b o th ,

the Bishops of Clogher and of C ork and R o ss

re fused him ordination In his distress he turned .

to the Church of England A friend the Rev .

,
.

T T Biddulph vicar of St James Bristol offered

. .
,
.
, ,

him a title and Dr Man se] Bish op Of Bristol and

,
.
,

Master of Trinity Coll ege Cambridge on being , ,

assured by the Bish op of C ork of his high pers onal

ch aracter and moral integri ty accepted him for , ,

Deacon s O rders He was ordained Deac on in the
.

Church of England on O ctober 2 7 1 8 1 1 Seven ,

.

years later Dr Swete resigned the curacy of St

. .

James and in 1 8 23 he opened a school fo boys in

,
r

Redlands Bristol His educational qualications

,
.

fo such a step were S lender but in spite o f this he

r ,

proved himsel f to be an able and suc cess ful scho ol

m aster His most famous and dearly l oved pupil
.
,

Dean Church writes to him om O xford

, ,

N ovember 1 7 1 8 36
I write you a few lines
,
:
 C H I L DH OO D AND Y O U T H 7

to tell y that I nished my e aminati n day ;

ou x o to

and I daresay that you will be glad to hear with

be tter success than I had h oped fo be fore I went r

in The class list is not ou t yet so that n othing

.
,

is kn own ofcially ; but from what the examiners

said to me in the scho ols and from what my tut or ,

tells me I believe I may hope for my rst cl ass

,
.

I have not time to add much but I must take this ,

o pp ortunity o f again ackn owledging your kindness

to me while I was with you and the shar e you have

had in my success I hop th t y o u wil l not e a

re f us e m hol id y for my ol d s chool f l l ows

e a a

e .

Again in April 1 838 I have just time to write

, ,

ou a line t o say that I have just been elected

y .

F ell ow of O riel C ollege Everything of this s ort

.

which is given me I should be very unthankful for

if I did not think f you in c onn ecti on with it
O
*
.

May I ask of you the favour of a whol hol id y e a

fo my ol d sch ool fellows ? I c o nsider this s ome

r

thing more than my class so I h ope it will be :

do ubl y c l br t d
e e Th ough not in the strict
a e .

sense a sch olar himsel f Dr Swete had all the , .

S chola s l ove of accuracy and th oroughness ; and

r

this he c ombined with a clear mind and style and

the gi ft of stimulating his pupils and of making ,

sch olar of some of them Dean Church nd his

s . a

own son are evidence o f his p ower as a teacher .

In 1 8 50 Dr Swete accepted the living of

.

Blagdon situated on the M endip some twen ty

,
s,
'
8 HE N RY B ARCLA Y SWE T E
miles from Bristol The change to a coun try li fe
.

in such beauti ful surroundings was welcome to all

the family TO He nry it opened new interests
. .

He became a great walker and would recount with ,

pride how he and his bro ther then nishing his ,

me di cal studies at Bristol had sometimes walked ,

from Bristol to Blagd o n on a Saturday a ftern oo n ,

returning in time for school on the fol lowing

M onda y Dr Swete was an en thusiastic gardener
. .
,

and he imbued both his sons with his love o f

h orticultur e H orace became like himsel f a

.
, ,

skilled gardener n d al so made some way as a

,
a

botanist He was at one time lecturer in botany

.

at the Medical School Bristol and in when , ,

only 2 7 years of ag e he wrote the well kn own ,

-

Fl or Bris t ol i ns is which has formed the fou nd

a e ,
a

tion O f later works on the subject Henry .

never became procient in the technical knowledge

o f a garden tho ug h he had all his fathe r s l ove and

,

delight in it In his walks he took n otice of all

.

wild owers ; there were few that he could not

identi fy and in a fter years his lessons on b otany
in the National School delighted the children O f
his country parish Ent omol ogy was an o ther .

c oun try h obby begun in these years and carried on

into Cambridge li fe An other j oy of his quiet .

b oyh ood was his father s C hamber organ Thi had

-
. s

been built fo Dr Swete in 1 833 and at his death

r .
,

it passed int o the keeping of his son who rst ,

 C HI L DH OO D AND Y O U T H 9

installed it in his C ollege rooms and a fterwards , ,

when he moved to Ashdon gave it to the church ,

there it became the basis o f the present organ nd ,

a

has b en three times enlarged Henry had a real

e .

talent for music and to s ome e xtent he c ul tivated

,

it At on time he bade fair to be a goo d organist

. e ,

and composed chants and hymns ; but pressure Of

o ther w ork and the real business of li fe gradually

crowded out this p stime Yet to the end he had

a .

his little American organ at which Odd m oment s ,

were spent chiey while he w waiting fo the

,
as r

nal g ong to ann oun ce a meal ; there he would be

found improvising to his own delight and to that
o f th o se who c ould slip into the room while he was

still oblivi ous of them and all else save his

harm onies .

It was thought advisable that Henry should be

prepared for Cambridge by two years study at

King s College L ondon His earlier educati on

,
.

was sound enough as a fter events proved but he

,

was backward and had much to make up if he was

,

to take an hon ours degree In 1 8 52 there fore he

.

went to King s C ollege and lived during the ne xt

,

two years at 32 Guild ford Street the home o f his ,

mother s rst cousin th wi fe of Dr Headland a

,
e .
,

we l l kn own L ond on physician O f his C ollege

-
.

career he never had much to tell beyond that h , e

w orked hard and was glad o f the opportunitie s

O ffered . But his reside nce with the Headlands

 HE N RY BARCLAY SWETE

I o

stood out in his mem ory and indeed it must have

,

formed no small part of his education at this peri d o .

To Dr Headland he was genuinely attached but

.
,

Mrs Headland was like her S ister Mrs Swete of

.
,
.
,

too austere a piety to be attractive to him It was .

a n ew e x erience
p m oreover,
t o nd himsel f in
,

the midst of a family of clever hands ome , ,

lively young people The two sons one of wh om

.
,

was already an undergraduate at Caius College ,

Cambridge were older than he ; the daughters

,

were more Of his own age All were kindly and.

iendl y and quite natur al ly helped to draw him

'

ou t o f his shell of shyness and rese rve The fact .

that these c ousins were on his mother s side made

a link between him and them which was never

broken When later one of them his chie f iend
.
,

a nd playmate in childh o od then the wi fe of Dr

,
.

J K. Spender
. asked him,
to be g o d father to her
eldest on it was an oi ce he lled with pride and
s ,

n ever considered it to be renounced .

12 HE NRY B ARCLAY SWETE
but in sport His intense keenness in his profes
.

sorial days about the inter University boat race -

,

cricket and football matches and athle tic s ports and ,

his chagrin if Cambridge was beaten were a source ,

of quiet amusement to those who knew that apart

,

om a c ontest between the two Universities ,

cricket to him was merely a g ame in which a ball

was thrown about and sometimes struck and ,

fo otball a murderous scrimmage .

Swete went up to Caius C ollege in O ct obe r ,

1 8 54
,
with out a scholarship and with still much
headway to make His hard work and well used
.
.
-

o tu nI t e s at King s Co l lege were however no t

o
pp r I , ,

in vain He was elected a scholar of his College

.

at Lady Day 1 8 55 and continued to be so until

, ,

his degree and fellowship three years later His .

University career was not specially distingui shed

or brilliant ; rath er was it marked by hard work
and l ove of thoroughness and care which were ,

always his chie f C haracteristics There exist two .

lists drawn up by him at this time of classical

b oo ks read and to be read with n otes on vari o us
,

p oints He had at rst some idea o f t aking his

.

degree under the ol d regulati ons and he was ,

assured f the probability of his being a Senior

O

O ptime if not a l ow Wrangler But Classics were .

his true bent and he was fe l of je opardizing

,
ar i

his place in that Trip o s ; he there fore renounced

mathematics gave himsel f almost entirely to
,
 U NDER G RAD UA T E DA Y S 13

cl a ssical study and read with Mr Richard S hill eto

,
. .

Such w ork as he did in theology was quite secondary

to his main study th ough he Obtained the Carus,

Prize in 1 8 55 He tried unsuccess fully for the

.
, ,

Craven Sch olar ship in 1 8 57 He writes to one O f .

his sisters of this The papers have not be en long

, ,

but hard and dodgy I cannot say I have done

.

as well as I had h oped There ar e about 60 in .

,

including 8 o 1 0 rst rate classics

r

He to ok the .

rst of the Members Prizes in 1 8 57 and his

,

industry was rewarded the foll owing year by his '

place as seventh in the Classical Tripos His .

e l ection to a Junior F ell owship t ook place on the

same day on which he t ook his degree O ne .

day he w ould often recall I was an under

,

,

g raduate and the ne xt a full ed e d Don at the

g
-

High Table I never experienced the dignied

.

li fe of the B A sch olar

The following letters
. .

to his S ister Anne are of interest as shewing the

p rocedu e of those day s
r .

U ndat ed l et ter . Pos tmar k : Cambridg e,

M ar . 2 5, 5 8 .

M Y D E A R ANNE ,

It is now hal f past 8 and no list has

appe ared the E xaminers are still at w ork

owing I supp o se to the indolence o f Mr Day .

and are not likely to have done till a fter 1 0 .

SO I just write this line to let you kn ow that

I got here all right and until this time am
14. HENR Y B AR CL A Y S W E T E
no t pluckt Watson and I have been drinking
.

c offee sleeping and promenading by turns but

,

any way suspense is not agreeable .

To morrow is a degree d y so that if I

-
a ,

get thr ou h I shall proceed Gown and Ho od .

arrived l right to which I have added on spec

a

tie and bands .

Garrick is to be elected to morrow and goes

1 -

down on Monday or Tuesday .

Your a ffect Brother .

,

H B S W E TE . . .
v

PS I t is now
. .

to I O and the list is not
out so that I must post this with out it Y ou
: .

will probably see it n the Times or Record O f I

to m orrow
-
.

CA I U S C O L L :
Friday March , 26 .

M Y D E A R ANNE ,

y take so As
lively an interest
ou in the
doings O f Cambridge men I just write a line ,

to tell you that I am nished

N o thing
could have been more rapid The list came ou t .

this morning at 1 m at 1 0 I took my degree a .

at 1 1 % a message came that Garrick and I were

elected at 3 we were instituted and at 6 were
: :

exp riencin
e the horrors o f a dinner at the
fellows tab e

The Ol d D ons l ook t grave such
.

things had never been in their days young men

were then required to wait 2 3 or m ore years ,

be fore they got their F ellowships and even :

l Rev . P . G arri ck , Fel l ow of C ai us C ol l eg e , 1 8 5 8 -1 8 8 1

Rec tor of Bl o cl d, 1 880 - 1 9 1 3 .

 UNDERGRADUATE DAYS I5
a fter electi on had to dine with the Bachel ors for
anoth r year be fore they were admitted to the
e

high table H owever they were all very kind

.

and affable and w did ou best to feel at h ome

e r

with th m But e .

Perhaps you w oul d like to add to y our stock

o f Cambridge kn owledge the m ode and manner
o f admis i on and instituti o n
s to a Juni or F ell ow
ship F irst f all you are stumped off by the
. O

Registrar of the C ollege (Day) to the Vice who '

re quires you to sign y our name to a declarati o n

that you are a b on d member of the Ch e .

o f Engl and Then you stump back to Caius

.
,

and preceded by the Master enter the Chapel .

The Master g oes into hi stall You stand s .

,

feeling awkward be fore him ,

He says Ju b i . ra s

(an o ath t o kee p the C o llege Statutes and n o t to

reveal C ollege secrets) to which you resp ond

Juro and ki s the Gk Test Y ou then kneel

s .

d own put your two hands between the Master s

,

two and he repeats the formula o f admissi o n

Au ctorit t mihi commi etc

a e dmitto ss . . . a

annum p ob tioni in n omine Patris

r a s

etc.

In my ca e the Master s mem ory mi led
s

s

him and he le ft ou t the imp ortant cl use for a

a

year of probati on Day thereupon whispered

.

in his ear and the Master never st opping so ,

much as to say Where am I repeated the

wh ole again correctly Garrick was then .

admitted and having cr o s sed the Master s man s

hand with a shilling we le ft the Chapel the ,

business being over .

Y ou will perh ps understand that the p o

a r

bati o n only c onsist f the possibility o f being

s O
1 6 HE N RY BARCLAY S WETE
ej ected om the fellowship in case o f being
'

screwed o otherwi se egregiously misbe haved

,
r

during the rst year After that you are at .

liberty to do nythin un fortunately s ome men

a

avail themselves of t at liberty .

Is it no t pleasant that Garrick and I f in death

are not divided ? We are happily equali zed

for though they have el ec ted me rst the plate ,

has been adjudged to him the precedent having

been universally in fav our O f mathematical men .

Day opposed this and had the bad taste to tell

Garrick so but I am real ly glad that he was in
:

the min ority for any disparity would have been

,

unc om fortable .

Rep ort says that S hil l eto had no end of a

j ol l ic tion
a last night n ot to u se stron er
language Seven of his men were in the tw ee
,

rst the seven rst were all his pupils with the
:

e xce ption of B owen .

Y ou must please e xcuse the sameness o f sub

ect in this n o te O ne has had little time
j . t o

think of anything else to day next time I hope -

:

to be better behaved .

Love to all and believe me ,

Your a ffect Brother .

,

H E NRY B S WETE
. .

I am beginning to repent of staying fo the r

V oluntary the ne xt week I shall have a t te a

:

t te with one old fellow .

'

d oes not appear that University li fe laid on

Ir
Swete any ineEace b l e mark as it does on so many
a ,
.

His upbringing and his own reserve prevented him

18 HE N RY BARCLAY SWETE
Suffolk and in Esse x His interests were .
,

even in these early days mainly concerned ,

with Church li fe and thought He asks at .

one time
Have you heard who is to get
,
'

the Bish opric of Salisbury ?

and write s again
at an other
You have heard doubtless of
,

Al ford s promotion

What a nice couple Dean
.

Trench and Dean Al ford ! I hope Al ford will

make use o f the leisure and means thus con
signed to him to bring out his next volume more
c rei l l y
a .He writes home on one of his walking

tours I have yet to see the Church and town o f

,

Coggeshall the Great ; the Church they say is a , ,

n e building ; b u t the Rector is desperately

H igh and so the parish is not in a very

ourishing state .

An undated letter writte n in his rst term

rec ords the founding of a Theological Essay

Society fo this College It is to c onsist of 9

r .

members each of wh om is to write on essay a e

term on a g iven subj ect and to the best of the nine

a prize is to be awarded All con troversy and dis.

cu ssion is to be s trictly e xcluded very neces

a

sary regulati on th ough I believe we are almost all

,

agreed on these points He mentions this .

S ocie ty again F eb ruary 2 8 1 8 55 The rst

,

, ,

meeting o f our E ssay Society was held ye terday s

evening Three (papers) were read

. I am .

to read mine to morrow -

In an other letter April
.
,
 U NDERGRADUATE DAYS 1
9

1 8, 1 he writes
8 56, I have just joined a little :

Shakespeare reading Society We meet once a

-
.

week for an hour a fter H l l ; we have ch o sen a

Henry VIII for a beginning . I have started .

an harmonium but do not play it very much for

fear of disturbing my neighbours As it was the .

o ther evening my friend upstairs e xpressed his

displeasure at the noise by sending a yard of plaster

d own on my head .

In Jesus Lane Sunday Sch ool he was greatly

interested He writes in his rst term Last
.

,

Sunday I began a morning class at the Jesus Lane

,

Sch oo l It so happened that I had to sit with the

.

b oys in Church ; but certainly it seems to be a

model school fo good behaviour
And again
r .
,

F eb uary 6 1 8 57 I have got int o the O lig archy

r

, ,

at Jesus Lane n olens volens having been elected

, ,

o n the Visiting C o mmittee

.

From his rst Sunday in Cambridge to his last ,

si xty years later he viewed attendance at the ,

University Serm on as part of a well ordered L ord s -

Day nothing but actual illness was to him a

su i ci nt e xcuse for absence
e Thus in the undated .

letter before re ferred to we have an interesting

account of a sermon by Bish op G A Selwyn . . .

B p Selwyn preached his last Serm o n on Sunday

. .

The crush at St Mary was tremend ous one man

. s

had his arm nearly broken an other was li fted Off ,

his feet a third was carried ou t in a t etc The

, ,
.
2O HE N RY B ARCLAY SWETE

Bishop s appeals have had some e ffect for two or ,

three University men are thinking Of offering to

accompany him back to N ew Z eal and The two .

peculiar ities of Selwyn s Theology which he has

kept in view all thr ough his c ourse of sermons

s eem to be that u nio n must be purchased at almost
,

any cost and that Chri stian wor k i s the safest pre
,

serv tive against theological error

a
.

An o ther letter of 1 8 57 gives an account of a

sermon b y the Rev Gord on Calthr op late r Vi car.
,

o f St Augu stine s Highbury

. .
,

We had al so great d oings here on

Sunday In the a fternoon Calthrop preached

.

his rst University sermon Perhaps you .

remember me menti oning him in the Long .

He is quite a y oung man b u t promises to be ,

the rst preacher of his sch ool (the Evangelical )

if no t O f his time Everyb ody says that the.

sermon on Sunday was the most e xtra ordinary

ever heard in St Mary s His forte is illustra

. .

ti on He lays down a proposition hedges it

.
,

round by car e fu l denition and brings some

logical proo f to bear on it But the proposition .

i s not a very Obvi ous one You begin to feel .

cro ss or sleepy All O f a sudden he looks at

.

y ou

What
. you doubt it still
,
? Look you
here fo a moment You look and see A
r

. .

picture rises be fore you drawn in faultless

English of some homely but moving scene in
which the practical workin of the principle is
e xhibited He has evident y seen what he talks
.
 U NDERGRADUATE DAYS 21

O f
. have seen it yoursel f a hundred times
Y ou .

You cann o t gainsay it ; the propositi on is tr ue

and the V ict ory of the orator complete .

I believe s ome o f the Older D ons to wh om

li fe is as death and energy ranting were shocked
beyond degree but with the Undergraduates
:

and some of the y ounger fell ows wh ose hearts

have not yet bec ome by l ong years of University ,

residence as hard as the benches o n which they

,

sit Calthrop i all in all But a fter all perhaps

,
s .

he was describing his own l ot when he s poke of

the p opular preacher as the fashi on Of to day
-
,

the bye w ord o f to m orrow Still there must

-
.

be s ome force and use in this faculty o f illustra

ti on when it can riv et the attention of some
,

hundreds of men to whom a serm on and

especially such a serm on as Calthrop s is but

another name fo cant and cajolery

r .

He als o regularly attended on Sunday a

parochial service in additi on to the two obligat ory .

Chapel services of his C ollege College serm ons .

were then unknown o e xtremely rare and the r ,

preaching at Holy Trinity and St Edward s

.

Churches was to a great e xtent directed t owards

the undergraduates Preaching himsel f at St . .

Edward s cl o e on forty years later he recalled in

s , ,

re ference to the recent death o f Bishop Harvey

G oodwin the deep impression made up on him as
,

an undergraduate by the Bishop s elo q uence

and earnestnes when he was Chaplain of St

s .

Edward s
.
 HE N RY B ARCLAY SWETE
'

22

To Anne he gives a racy acc ount of Dr Living .

stone s great appeal to the University on December

t h
4 , 8 57
1 .

CA I U S C O L L : Dec .
9 .

M Y D E A R A NNE ,

You have I dare say heard of our doings

, ,

here during the past week We have heard the .

lion roar Livingst one came up here to visit a

.

friend and our go od Vice invited him to lecture

be fore the University putting the Senate House ,

at his disposal SO at 2 O clock on Friday last

.

you might have seen the Senate H ouse thr onged ,

the pit with M A s and ladies and the galleries

. .

with undergrads All state was dispensed with

.

and the Dr was allowed to pro fane the building

.

with the English t ongue And the language .

was not badly represented There was a .

picturesque S implicity about his Saxon which

won the heart of the Oldest Don present He .

told us something of his travels of the manners ,

O f the natives and o f the facilities offered by the

count y to commerce and ended with a hearty
r

e nconiu m upon the C M S and an appeal to the . . .

University for hands I need not tell you the .

details because I believe they are all to be found

,

in his bo ok What we Cantabs liked best in

.

him was the Catholicity of spirit ; no parts of

his lecture calling forth such hearty applause as
those in which he disclaimed sectarianism and ,

generously ackn owledged the fi u its of even '

Jesuit lab ours in A frica He is apt withal to be .

funny and that at the e xpen se of the ladies !

.

The Aic n ladies were go od l ooking en ough

a ,
 U NDER G RAD U AT E DA Y S 23

he said only they w ould try to impr ove nature

,
.

But then such fr aks were not c onned to e

A frican ladies Among other practices they

.
,

fastened their hair to a h oop which an under r

neath the chin and h r dly su ffered them to ope n a

their m ouths Wasn t it a very singular way of

.

wearing ho ops ? Y ou could hardly hear or see

fo 5 minute a fterwar ds fo the uproar n d dust
r s r a

that pr oceeded om the galleries '

He w foll owed by a Pr ofes sor who

as ,

c oncluded a b ombastic declamati on (in the course

o f which he nea ly wall o ped the Vice cracked
r ,

Whewell s pate and put ou t Livingst one s eyes

,

,

with the l ong dem onstrating od o f the latter r

gentleman) by pr op osing three hearty cheers fo

r

the Dr from the de p ba ss v oices of the allery e

and the shrill ahem ! (cries of shame n fgreat

.

a t

c omm oti on) ahem ! c l s ti l v oices of the ladies e e a

( endless c o n fu sion ) SO the three cheers given .

in best style a v oice om the gallery calls ou t

,

N ow fo the celestial !
r

Livingst one lectured to the T own the ne xt

day Apple ford and a d ozen o ther men had an
.

introducti on to him and hal f an h our s c onversa

ti on The p ortrait given in his b ook is

.

singularly like him in fact you kn ow him fr om

it if you met him in the treet But it lacks the

, s .

b n v ol n
e e f the archetype
e ce O

.
 E AR LY MI N ISTRY
18
5 8 -
1 8 6 5

From very early ye ars it had been Mr Swete s .

intention to enter Holy O rders Immediately .

after taking his degree he prepared fo the r

diaconate and was ordained in December 1 8 58

, , ,

by the Bish op of Bath and Wells to the curacy of

Blagdon The foll owing account o f his ordin a
.

ti on so touching in its S implicity was written by

, ,

Anne to his ol d nur se :

MY DE AR GRA C E ,

I think you would like to have a view of

the Cathedral in which Henry was ordained l s t a

S und y the 1 9 th of December 1 8 5 8

a ,
My ,
.

S ister Martha and I went to Wells with him o n

Wednesday and stayed until yesterday The

,
.

Bishop s E xaminati ons lasted 2 days (Thursday

and Friday) and on Saturday mor ing the Bishop

g
a fter m orning prayers in the i l ce t old the a a

candidates the satis facti on he felt in their

answers he gave ou t Mr Henry s name as the
,

.

r s t am o ngst the Deac o ns fo his distinguished

r

answe inr
g ands,in cons
q u nc o
f
e t his he
e w e ,
as

24
26 HE N RY BARCLAY SWETE
neglected during the incumbency previous to that
o f Dr Swete
. Early in the nineteenth century it
.

was the scene of Miss Hann ah More s religi ous

activities but the unsatis fact ory li fe of a Rector led

,

to the und oing of much that she had d one Dr . .

Swete found spiritu al li fe at its lo west ebb with a ,

state of morals deplorable beyond w ords It was .

due to his energy and the devoti on of his family

to all that was fo the upli fting o f the people that
r

when his son began his pastoral work a very

di fferent state of a ffairs existed .

No letters remain to tell o f this period but in ,

later years Dr Swete always sp oke of it as very

.

happy full of human interest and with ample scope

, ,

and freed om given to him to develop his strong

an d inherited pastoral instinct His principal .

sphere of work lay in the mining district o f

Char terhouse on the Mendips Here he held .

services in a mission room visited regul arly and , , ,

with the co operati on of the Rect or and the per

-

s onal help of the Squire Captain N ewnham , ,

managed to start a sch ool fo the children W ork r .

am ong childr en was a special delight to him and ,

he taught zealously in both day and Sunday

sch ools .

The parish was a stronghold of the Baptists and ,

i t was not long be fore the young curate br oke a

lance with them In March 1 8 60 he put forth
.
, , ,

anonymously Nin q u s tions to th B p tis ts

,

e e

e a ,
 EAR LY M INI S T R Y 27

with the provi so that if any w ould give a plain

,

direct and uicien t answer to these nine points

s ,

he promi sed to g o over to his S ide

A fter a lap se .

o f ne l y v m onths a
ar Reply appeared and in
e ,

answer to this Mr Swete issued in his own name

.
, ,

a pamp hl et entitled Two sid s to v ry Q u s e e e e

t io n : or Nine Q ues ti ons t o the Bap tis ts , wi th an

e xa mination f Under
0 the resp ctive
their r ep l y
e

Q uestions he printed in parallel c olumns the , ,

Baptists Reply and his e xamination of it He

.

was not c onvinced by the Reply and there fore

,

decided that it was his privilege still to remain

a member of the scriptural Church of England
.

O ne o f the stories o f these days that he loved to

tell was that of his publicly baptizing an in fant by
immersi on and of the ubsequent comm otion in
,
s

t he parish which led the ol d Church Clerk to s y

,
.
a ,

with grave shaking of the head Mr Henry ,

.

o ught never to have done such a thing ; that were

believer s baptism

.

The young the ol ogian and F ell ow of his College

was as may be suppo sed a very acceptable addition
, ,

t o the Rural Deanery Clerical Read ing Uni on and ,

there is a published paper (1 8 63) which he read

be fore a meeting of Axbridge Deanery on Wh t a

is th r ig ht m thod of o ndu ting t h d f nc of

e e c c e e e e

the Ol d Tes tame nt in the ra tional is tic contr ov ersy

w hich has co me up on t he C hur ch?
Und oubtedly even thus early he made his mark
, ,
28 HE NRY BARCLAY SWETE
as a parish priest and when in 1 8 65 he was
recalled to Cambridge as Dean of his C ollege there ,

was a great outburst of regret ; the parishioners ,

rich and p oor ol d and young presented him with

, ,

a signed address a set of vessels for the Com

,

muni on of the Sick and a silver inkstand as a

,

testim onial of their respect and a ffection towards

him .

The ties made in these years lasted l ong
into li fe and he corresponded from time to time
,

with some Blagdon friends O ne o f the few now

.

le ft who remember him writes thus

I am :

much younger than he in 1 8 58 I was only eleven

years O f age and distinctly remember him as Mr
,
.

Henry Swete At that time he sh ared a class t

. a

the Sunday School with Captain N ewnham It .

was my go o d fortune to be a member of that class ,

and I still have a vivid recollecti on of the patience

and gentleness displayed by Mr Henry Swete .

towards s ome who would take advantage of such a

disposition Thinking of him as he itted about
.

in his pastoral duties rendering m any a th ought ful

,

kindness to the aged poor thus c opying the ,

e xample o f the Great L ord and Master he seemed ,

to share with N athanael the L ord s commendation

,

Beh old an Israelite indeed in whom is no guile

, ,

.

I can recollect his preaching to the Club men at -

their anniversary feast from Jude 1 2 These are

,

S p o ts in y our feasts o f charity in which he pointed

,

o u t very clearly the evils which acc ompanied these

 EAR LY M INI ST R Y 29

y early feasts and shewed

, them a more e xcellent
way The past oral oversight of Charterh ou se
.
,

t hen a no man s l and was in some way linked on

,

to Blagd o n and cam e under the care of Mr Henry .

Swete Curate of Bl agd on who was greatly assisted

, ,

b y Captain N ewnham This is now ecclesiastically

.

o ined to the par ish o f Blagd o n and a new church

j ,

built fo the scattered inhabitants

r .

In 1 86 1 the h ome li fe at the Rectory was fo r

him r obbed f its centre of l ove and sympathy by

O

t he death O f the mother sister Anne it was a l oss

-
,

he felt acutely fo many ye a s and her p in l

r r ,
a i

ill n ess le ft an ineffaceable scar on his memory .

Two S isters only were now le ft in the home the

y ounger f these Mary the nearest in age to him
O , , ,

was a woman of intellectual taste ; she was able to

read Hebrew with him ; S he entered whole
heartedly into hi sch olarly pursuits and to s ome
s ,

e xte nt lled the place of her sister Their brother .

,

H orace had married in 1 8 57 and was in medical

, ,

p ractice at Wringt on fr om whence a,

gr owing

family o f little nephews and nieces delighted to

visit the Rect ory and to nd in Uncle Henry a
g entle and ever indulgent -
c ompanion In 1 8 63 .

Mrs Swete died and the ol d Rect or began to fail

.
,

in heal th and pirits His great outward reserve

s .

o f character prevented his e xpressing how much

he relied and leant upon his curate son the grie f

w hich his dep arture to Cambridge gave him was
3o HEN R Y B A R CL A Y S WE TE

told only in his diary and was not kn own until

,

a fter his death Had he revealed it his son would

.
,

have stayed with him and in al l human probability

,

remained to his death a par ish priest .

 O N THE STA FF OF G O N VILLE A ND
CAIUS C O LLEGE
1 8 65 -
1 8 77

Mr Swete spent the ne xt two years in Cam

.

bridge as Dean of his College As a College Don .

he was a square peg in a r ound h ole to him the

average young Englishman overowing with ,

health ful l of the j oy o f li fe and sport was an

, ,

enigma He tried to understand him and failed

. .

I nd them he writes the rst

month of his Deanship uni formly gentlemanly

,

and g ood humoured even if gated and a m onth

later Undergraduates are still very un get t
,
- -
a

able but I met two or three at parties and mean to

make these nucl i of interc ourse with them
e .

Discipline was always dista tei l to him and s ,

th ough he might kn ow wh n to put his foot down

'

e ,

he did not always know how to do it A cousin .

who was under him at this time writes Cousin :

Henry was th oroughly respected by us al l at

C ollege but I am not sure whether he quite knew
,

as Dean how to tackle men who were not always

31
32 HENR Y B AR CL A Y S W E TE
amenable to discipline I am not sure with all.
,

respect to him and his mem ory that he always ,

dop ted the best c ourse in dealing with them ; fo

'

a r

i nstance I well remember we thought it not quite

,

dignied or wise to cha se men round the quad say

in a fth N ovember night when reworks were let
O ff ! ! As a L ecturer ( I t ook my degree in
Theology and attended his lectures) he was O f
c ourse learned e xact and clear
,
Y ou would .

perhaps hardly call C ousin Henry a popular

lecturer but his matter was always e xcellent
,

Cousin Henry s piety and devout li fe was recog

niz e d by us all at College fo he was always S O

,
r

n d consistent His views were High

u ie t
q . a .
,

but he had no love fo ri tual he liked dignity and

r

r everenCe and usually attended a church o f a

,

medium type
Pr obably the inuence of his
.

quiet c onsistent li fe told on the men if his

,

dis ciplinary methods failed fo in later years he,

r

would O ften come home from some College

reunion to relate how some grey haired vener -

able looking gentleman had accosted him with

-

I hope you have not forgotten me Dr Swete ; ,

.

I am sorry I was such a bad boy to you when I

was up .

The Chapel and the Chapel Services were his

great interest He writes (April 1 2
.
,

The organ is in c ourse of erection in our chapel .

N e xt week we shall pr oceed to elect an organist

34 HENR Y B AR CL A Y S WE T E

be fore long for helping one of the parish clergy in

term time I f so I shal l thank ful ly embrace it
. .

N ovember 1 0 1 8 65 ,

P arochial work is begin
:

ning to open I have to preach for friends twice

.

next Sunday and begin work D V at Al l Saints

,

. .

a fter the 2 6th My arrangement with Luck ock is

.

h owever only provisional if we like one an other

: ,

I am to be licensed a fter Xmas and not otherwise .

I am to w ork as a volunteer (a c ommon thing with

fellows in residence) and to be at liberty to leave at
any time up on reasonable notice I believe I said .

in my last note that he was hig h rather than

low I meant merely that being a good and

.

,

moderate man he was one of tho se wh ose tendency

,

was rather t owards the goo d men of the high party

than towards the good men of the low th ough he :

would sympathize with the goodness O f b o th .

But he is in no way mi xed up with the very small

high party of the place or I w oul d have nothing
to say to him December
.

1 86
5 My
h ospital work is very interesting t present only
a

readi ng a few prayers and giving ten minutes talk

in one of the wards d aily during my week I hop e .

however ne xt term to take one day s weekly visit

ing under Perowne September 1 8 67 My

.

,

kids party passed off remarkably well We had .

pu ff and dart in the garden ; then tea in a spare

room ; and after tea adjourned to these rooms ,

where the children played parlour croqu t spel li ,

 G O NVI LLE A ND C AI U S C O LL E G E 35

cans etc till supper I had a model steam engine

,
.
, .

for them which worked vig orously and delighted

,

the little b oys but the girls shewed as usual a

: , ,

decided pre ference for croqut The parent birds .

seemed happy enough one of them was a hot :

headed Protestant who had once taxed L and me .

with being Jesuits He is now one of our

.

greatest allies I found ou t that children eat to an

.

indenite e xtent one ought to count at least two

:

adults fo every child in making preparations

r .

F ebruary 1 1 1 8 68
,
The Bish op f Lichel d and O

N Z eal and is preaching at St Mary s last Sunday

.

.

on F ailures in Missi onary w ork

magnicent
a

de fence o f Missions against current objections .

St Mary s was quite a spectacle

.

perfect mass O f
a

men the ladies ar now (rudely as I think)

e ,

rel egated to the side aisles where they are almost ,

out of V iew N ovember 1 2 1 8 68

.

I quite ,
:

enj oyed mysel f yesterday Luck ock gave me a las t :

ride on my hobby serm on in the morning and ,

catechising in the a ftern oon The All SS children . .

are wonderfully improved and answered quit e

briskl y on Jo seph a type o f O ur L ord The

,
.

church was prettily decorated for the Dedication

festival ; Mrs L and I worked at it on Satur
. .

day . The bo ok (England versus R ome) is

al l done to my j oy
,
it has been no e nd of a

:

grind as they say here

.

In 1 8 68 Mr Swete was seized with a sharp

.
 6 HE NR Y BA R CL A Y SWE TE

attack congesti on of the lungs which le ft con

o f ,

siderab l e weakness o f the chest and revived all the ,

e ar ly fears of his family A London physici .

was pessimistic ; but happily a young Cambridge

doctor then rapi dl y rising in fame Dr P W ,
. . .

Latham was also consulted and he adv ised him to

, ,

l eave Cambridge at once and try what Open air,

and rest would do With Dr La tham s hearty

.

.

approval he cho se a trip to Egypt and the H oly

Land and from N ovember 1 8 68 until April 1 8 69
, , , , ,

he was abroad It is not necessary to dwell on the

.

tour It was used by him to the utmost advan

.

tage He went through Palestin e accompanied

.

only by an Arab servan t with whom conversation

,

was limited the one knowing no English the other

, ,

but a few words of Arabic and for the most part

he lived entirely in a tent The cure was com .

p l e te he came home with sound lungs and never ,

had any re t urn of the weakness He wrote from .

the Holy Land delight ful letters fully illustrate d , .

He kept a minute and car e fu l diary and lled one ,

album with sketches and another with pressed

owers H is Bible was read and annotated as he
.

visited the places conn ected with Bible scenes and ,

especially those of the Gospels He b rought back .

many meme ntoes and cur ios these with tales of ,

his adventures were to the last ever a pleasure

, ,

to him And best of all he stored in his

.
, ,

memory a vivid recollection of the hall owed

 G O N VILLE AN D C AI U S C O LL E GE 37

s cenes which gave to his vil lage sermons a pe c uliar

O n his return h ome he accepted the curacy of

Tormohu n Probably he was advised not to brave

.

at once the cold winds of East Anglia In .

September of the same year his father Dr Swete ,

.
,

died in the eighty third year o f his age and the

'

fty ninth of his ministry

-
The year s of his Tor
.

curacy were happy and unevent ful ; and in 1 8 72

he was once m ore recalled to his C ollege to act as
Tutor and the next ve year s he spe nt as a member
,

o f the Sta ff .

These years were not very happy All that has .

been re marked about Mr Swete s inadequacy as

.

Dean in 1 8 65 68 is true of him in even a more

-

m arked degree as Tutor He was a failure in the

.

oi ce
'

and no one was more conscious o f it than he

himsel f But he used to say that he was rather
.

severely handicapped ; Mr F errers the other .

,

Tut or was married and lived out of College the

,

Master was an Ol d man and f the undergraduates O

o f this pe riod there were too many whose li fe and

conduct gave him constant distress He resigned .

the oice in 1 8 75 but served as Divinity

,

Le cturer till 1 8 77 when he ac cepted the College

,

living of Ashdon He was then tired Of College

.

li fe ; he was engaged on his w orks on the H oly

Spirit and the commentaries of Theod ore of
,

M op suesti were in his mind ; he thought that

a
3 8 HENR Y B AR CL A Y SW E T E '

this literary work would prosper better in the quiet

of a country ho m e which was withi neasy reach of
the University Library ; and as always pastoral
, ,

w ork was a great attraction to him.

 RECT O R OF AS HD O N
1 8 77 1 8 9 0
-

Li fe at Ashdon began with a sense of loss and

disapp ointment . Mr Swete had l ooked forward
.

to his c ountry R ectory becoming the home O f his

S ister Mary . They had much in common and she ,

was e ager to join him and to help him in his

parochial work But in the summer of 1 876 S he
.

died There is no doubt that at this period of

.

his li fe he was feeling perhaps unconsciously

, ,

l one ly He had put from him in boyhood all

.

th ought of possible marriage He held the .

comm on belie f of the time that consumption was

hereditary an d he felt that he would be wr ong to
,

run the risk of transmitting his m other s disease to

a future generation N o temptati o n to reconsider

.
,

this decision ever assailed him and to the end he ,

was always rmly convinced that not only had he

p ersonally ac ted rightly but that f
,
or the scholar

and parish priest the unmarried li fe was better nd a

more appropriate It may be added that he hardly

.

s hewed consistency in his views on the celibacy of

39
4 0 HENR Y B AR CL AY S WE T E

the clergy since he gave the pre ference in his choice

o f a colle ague to a married curate .

His li fe as Rector of Ashdon was systematically

ordered on the two fold basis of literary and
parochial wOrk His literary activity during the
.

thirteen years o f his incumbency covere d his edition

o f The od o re o f M o su e sti omm nt ry o n S t

p C a s e a .

P ul 1 880 8 2 contributions to the D iction ry of

a ,
-
a

C hris ti n B iog r p hy 1 88 2 8 7 the rst volume of

a a ,
-

his edition of the S p tu gin t which was published

e a ,

in 1 88 7 and the greater part of the second volume

, ,

which was completed in 1 8 9 1 while fr om 1 8 8 2

1 8 9 0 he was Pro fess o r o f Pastoral Theolo gy t a

King s College London He was E xamining
,
.

Chaplain to the Bishop of St Alban s 1 8 8 1 1 8 9 0

.
,
-
.

In 1 8 8 1 he t ook the degree of Doctor of Divinity ,

and in 1 8 8 6 his College did him the honour of

electing him an Honorary F ellow O f his work .

as Pro fessor of Pastoral Theol ogy Dr Knowling .

,

a former col league at writes

F rom 1 8 82 1 8 9 0 Dr Swete held the p o st of
- .

Professor of Pastoral Theology in King s

College London During this time he was

,
.

also Rector of Ashdon in Esse x And as the

,
.
,

Bishop of Ely has said there was no par t of his

,

li fe which was more characteristic of him than

the part he played here which marked him ou t
,

as at once a scholar and a parish priest .

It was this c ombination of the dev o tional and

intel lectual which was fully app reciated by the
4 2 HENR Y B AR CL A Y S WE TE '

And they in their turn can tell us how much

they valued the notes which they took fr om his
lectures and how even the Sermon O utlines
, ,

a l though as one s omewhat quaintly put it such

, ,

a use might seem to run the risk O f idleness ,

were used in the pulpit once and again .

But if the students in their day were har d

workers they must have had an inspiring leader
,

in Pro fess or Swete It is sometimes forgotten .

that it was during the se years in King s College

t hat Dr Swete commenced his great labours

.

upon the Lxx .

But whether in the common room or in the

lecture room Dr Swete never forg o t the,
.

amenities of li fe and Dr Mason with the ,

.
,

Bishop of Ely has not forgotten to remind us,

o f his h u mour .

Dr Swete too would O ften in some little way

.
, ,

reveal his kindness of heart to coll eagues and

pupils alike Every Monday morning in the
.
,

summer term he w ould carry from his c ountry

,

h ouse at Ashd on a bunch of owers to ladden

the eyes o f some resident of King s Col e e in

g ,

the heart of Lond on Deeper truths too were .

, ,

e ver present to him deeper than the pleasantries

o f cust o m cheering as they might be
,
.

I n the midst of an unspeakable sorrow one of

his King s College iends was cheered by receiv

ing from Dr Swete a S ingle verse in the Greek

.

text : I f o be that we su ffer with Him that we

s ,

may be also gloried with Him

That was all .

but it was enough It was a law which could .

not be broken the law of the Christian li fe and

,

the law of the Christian Church

,

.
 RECT O R OF ASHD O N 43

Into his w ork as a parish priest the new Rector

t hrew himsel f wh ole hearte dl y Two tasks awaited
-
.

him the restoration of the church and the far

: ,

more di ff cult problem of the maintenance of the

i

Church Elementary School .

The church with the e xception of the chancel

, ,

which had been put int o good order by the late

Rector badly neede d restoration The conditi on
,
.

o
f the tower was unsa fe and the interior com fort ,

less and in a state little betting the House of G od .

The par ish was entirely agricultural and had no ,

squire or gentry to whom an appeal fo funds could r

be made But Dr Swete was iot to be baulked

. . r

by the dii cul ty O f raising subscriptions He .

o btained what he could from friends n d the a

parishioners and p aid the rest of the bill himsel f

, .

The resul t was in the course of the rst seven

,

years of his charge a t ower made safe ; a nave

,

re oore d and ll ed with seemly seats O f pitch pine

- -

in place f high square pews an unsightly erecti on

O

called the gallery removed from the west end of

the church the beauti ful tower arch opened ou t -
,

and the t owe r itsel f tted up as a choir vestry and

as the t ower could not be su fciently str engthened
to all ow the ne ol d peal of bells to be rung an ,

arrangement fo chiming them was furnished

r .

The men s gallery a curi ous structure in the

,

S E Chapel he would not touch

.
,
The seats faced .

n orth and starting from the level of the chancel

,
44. HE N RY B ARCLAY SWETE
oor rose on behind the o ther in tiers unti l the
e

south wall and the level of a high wind ow w as

reached Here the labouring men sat and this

.
,
.

the Rector rei sed to restore

It is unsightly
,

he would say but on Sunday it is full of men

, ,

and serves its purpose They could not lounge or

.

sleep so com fortably in pews and they would not

,

come if we took away their gallery To the end

o f his charge the men s g al lery was we l l lle d on

Sunday both morning and evening and if the toil

, ,

w orn labourer lounged and apparently to ok little

or no part in the service he listened to the Rector s
,

se rmon and was helped and strengthened perhaps

m ore than he knew .

The services of the Church were Dr Swete s

.

chie f conCern He himsel f defr ayed the cost of

.

organist and choir and he believed in a large choir

, .

D o not think too much about a man s voice or

musical ability a surplice binds a young fellow to

the Ch urch more rmly than anything else was
his doctrine Such a theory meant unambitious
.

mu sic ; but the procession of some 2 0 boys ,

foll owed by 1 4 to 1 8 men was imposing and ,

heartening to a village congregation F urther .

,

he tried to make his services on Sunday sui t

the taste of all his parishioners I f he w ore vest.
,

ments at the early Eucharist the mid day celebra

,
-

tion was severely plain Mat tins was o nl y par tl y

.

choral with the p salms and litany said ; wh ile

,
 RE C T O R OF A SHD O N 45

e vensong had its processional cross lights and , ,

many hymns .

It shoul d be state d that with the e xception of ,

t he years I 8 S I 3 Dr Swete had the help o f an

-
, ,

a ssistant curate This help was a n ecessity when

.

he be gan his work on the Lxx and was in great ,

p art provided by th e U n ive sit P e ss in order that

y r
a
r

he might be free to devote m ore time to his impor

t ant task With his colleagues of this peri od the
.
,

Rev W M Edwards 1 8 83 6 and the Rev W A

. . .
,
-
,
. . .

Beckles 1 88 6 9 0 he formed links O f friendship

,
-
,

t hat remained unbroken to the end of his li fe .

It is impossible to pass from the subject of the

Church and its services with out re ference to the
Rector s preaching the outstanding feature o f his

,

ministry at Ashdon He took innite pains with .

his sermons He preached chiey from i l l notes

.
,

his text sh ort and easily remembered He would .

begin by describing the scene of the subject on

w hich he was preaching ; his travel in the Holy
Land was an un failing source from which he drew
such vivid word pictures that the congregati o n -

c ould almost im a ine that they sto o d and looked on

g
the scene He u sed as far as he c ould country
.

incidents to illustrate his teaching ; village col

l oquial ism were pressed into servi ce ; and if some
s

such w ord as Incarnation slipped out he would

,

at once e xplain I mean the Son of God made ,

,

M n a

. The u nlearned country folk could follow
4 6 HENR Y B AR CL A Y S WE TE

and understand while behind all his simplicity o f

e xpression lay the knowledge and e xactitude of the
theologian O ne of the parishioners who owed
.

much to the inuence of his preaching writes It

was just as if he knew everything and preached t o

me and me only I know all that year o f
.

1 87
9 he helped me more than anyone c o uld

p ossibly imagine I always reck oned on holiday

. s

so that I might hear his sermons and there was ,

always a bit you could take to yoursel f either in ,

form of a rebuke advice or a stimulus to stick to

, ,

duty in spite of everything Just at the time tha t

.

I required a guiding hand God did it through Dr

,
.

Swete and I ve thanked God for his help many a

time
.

A di fcult problem awaited the new Rector in

1 8 7 in conne x i n with the day scho l The
7 o o .

N ational Scho ol buildings had been condemned b y

the Education Department as being inadequate as
they then stood and the school was inconveniently
placed for the maj ority O f the children attending it .

During the late Rector s long and fatal i l lness the

N oncon formists of the place had induced th e

villagers to petition for a Board School and when ,

Dr Swete came upon the scene the Board was

.

formed and the S ite for a school in the villag e

b ought He at once approached the Educati o n
.

Dep artment O ffering to carry out the required

,

alterations and e nlargement of the e xisting school

 RECT O R OF ASHD O N 47

entirely at his own e xpense H was in formed

. .
e

that the matter had g one too f r and that the new
a ,

sch ool must be built But to relinquish his

.

Church School was not at all to the mind of Dr .

Swete and he quietly carried it on for the ne xt

,

eight years The sch ool buildings were altered to

.

meet the requirements of the Department and ,

e xcellent school master found who was ably assisted

,

by a mistress for the In fant Sch ool The N ational .

Scho ol ourished ; it won commendation from

H M Inspect or ; and the character and manner o f
. .

its children sto od high in the estimati on of the

village The reverse of the picture lay in the fact
.

that as the Church pe ople took no interest in the

election of the School B oard it consisted entirely
,

o f N onc o n fo rmists o f wh o m no t every one could

,

write his own name ; the master was cho sen with
a view to saving the rap idly rising rate there w as

no religious instructi on given in the scho ol .

More over a sharp line of demarcation was drawn

,

between the Church children who went to top

sch ool (the N ational School stood on a hill above

the village) and the Chapel children who attended

b o ttom sch ool in the village This line was

.

still further accentuated by the good inuence of

the Church sch oolmaster and the roughness of the
children who were in the hand of a succession of
s

less e ff cient men F or the good of the community

i .

as a whole amalgamati on was needed But the .

48 HEN R Y B AR CL A Y S W E TE

Rector stood rm g ri d continued to run his school

,

until in 1 88 5 Mr Arthur Goatcher its invaluable

.
,

master accepted an other appointment which was

,

o ffered to him Representations were then made

.

to the Rector o f the burden entailed upon the

parish by the fact that only one hal f o f its children

earned the G overnment grant so that the rate ,

had risen to 1 s 6d in the pound He there fore

. . .

consented to clos e the N ational School upon three

c o n ditions :

1 That the children attending the Board

.

School S h ould unless withdrawn by their parents

,

under the Con science Clause receive a clear h al f

,

hour s religious instru ction on each of the ve

scho ol days of the week

-
.

2 That all such children S hould be taught the

.

L ord s Prayer and the Ten Commandments

.

3 That
. the clergy sh o uld be all owed to visit
the scho ol and be permitted to give the Scrip
,

t ure less o n twice a week .

A fte r some heated discussion by the Boar d and a

t hreat from the Rect or to carry on his school if

his terms were not accepted as they st ood the ,

B oard gave way There were at rst many bitter

.

and justiable regrets from the Church parents . .

F or a time the tone o f the children dropped

g riev ously and ,
it seemed imp o ssible to believe

that the right step had been taken But as the .

years went on the Board itsel f improved ; m ore

50 HENR Y B AR CL AY S WE T E

wit hout its Wai f and Stray Home ; the children

bring fresh blood and ideas int o the village scho ol
if boys they form the nucleus of the choir and ,

they are a constant s ource o f interest and delight

to the parish priest
The cottage which served
.

as the rst h ome was not very suitable and ,

the Rect or decided to build a home near the

R ectory which would serve for twelve boys .

Caius C ollege made a generous 9 9 years lease of

an acre of the glebe eld in front of the Rectory

and on this ground Dr Swete built the H ome
. .

It was opened and dedicated by him in September ,

1 8 0 just as he was leaving A shdon O ther kind

9 ,
.

friends have since enlarged and impr oved it so that ,

it stands to day as a model h ome of its kind O ne

-
.

o f the rst eight boys now a married man and

father o f four bonny bairns wrote fr om Salonika,

o n hearing o f Dr Swete s death I cann o t

.

explain the benet that I have received through

knowing him and I feel sure every one must kn ow

,

and feel the same as I do who have come in c ontact

W th him the goodness b o th m oral and spiritual
l ,

he imparted to every one

.

A chance visit to his br other Horace then living ,

at Worcester in the summer o f 1 8 8 2 brought

,
a

great change into li fe at the Rectory The two .

y oungest children had been ill with wh ooping

cough and the health o f the e lder of them was the
,

cause of s ome an xiety It at once occurred to her

.
 RE C T O R OF A SHD O N 5 1

uncle that a change to country air might be bene

ci l ; and he carr ied the child off for a month s
a

visit At the end of the time uncle and niece

.

agreed that they suited each o ther and wished the ,

visit to become permanent The family at .

Worcester was large and its other and older

,

members at the expensive stage of entering on

pr ofessions ; so the proposal was gladly accepted .

Dr Swete als o added to his charge of th girl

. e

that of her younger br other whom he placed as

,

a weekly boarder at Sa ffron Wal den Grammar

School Both Children made him so he wrote
'

,
.
,

immensely happier for having them The boy .

in the course of the ne xt year or two passed out of

his uncle s care The companionship o f uncle

.

and niece lasted thirty ve years to be broken only

-
,

by his death .

But Dr Swete s parochial activities were by no

.

means conned to the church and the children .

He was an a ssiduous visitor every afterno on saw

him start out to visit his ock The parish .

e xtended over a large area and he had o ften a walk

,

o f two or three miles to an isolated farm or Cluste r

of cottages Sometimes he w ould hold services in

.

these outlying h omes ; In the sick room the

R ector was a welc ome and l ooked for guest ; he -

was specially s olicitous in cases of l ong or chronic

illne ss an d with such he w ould take innite pains .

The following letter written in the spring of 1 8 8 5

, ,
54 HEN R Y BAR CL A Y SWETE
resident gentry and it was following the line of
,

least re sista nce fo the Rector to pay for church

r

restorati on and to meet the e xpenses c onnected with

the choir the organist and other ordinary parochial
, ,

machinery ; he c ould not beg and he would not

stand by and let things that needed doing remain
und one SO he put his hand into his pocket and
.

did them He went to Ashdon in 1 8 77 when it

.
,

was a f t living with the com fortable balance of

a ,

a bachelor don at his banker s he le ft it in 1 89 0

,

when lean years had set in and greatly reduced the

tithe with an equally hands ome balance on the
,

adverse side of his bank b ook .

 REGIUS PR OF ESS O R OF DIVI N ITY
1 89 0 -
1
9 5
1

During the last few years of his ministry at

Ashd on Dr Swete began to l ong fo a return to
. r

Cambridge li fe His physical strength was

.

une qual to the d ouble task of the heavy literary

lab our which his editi on of the S p t u g int required e a

and the charge of a large and scattered ru ral parish .

As the y ars passed the apparent failure Of the

e ,

East Angl an peasant to make appreciable response

i

to his mini try d d hi m and he felt that f

'

or
s
p e e r sse ,

his parishioner as well as fo himsel f a change

s r

w ould be good and that a more robust rect or

,

w ould be a g in a .

The opp o tunity came in 1 89 0 when the

r
,

app ointment Of Dr Westc ott to the Bish opric of

.

Durham le ft th chair f the Regius Pr ofess or o f

e O

Divinity at Ca mbridge vacant A less imp ortant .

chair had been D Swete s desire he had in the

r .

case of previ ous acancies O ffered him el f fo such

v s r

a p ost ; and it w s only under pressure br ought

r

t o bear on him by Cambridge friends and residents

55
5 6 HENR Y B AR CL A Y S WE T E

that he now consented to stand as a candidate .

The app ointment lay with the Council of the

Senate He t ook as the subject of the required
.

prelection the last twelve verses of St Mark xvi . .

To no one was his election a greater surprise than

to himsel f e ver most humble even dii dent as to
, , ,

his own po wers .

It would be vain to disguise the fact that many

in Cambridge V iewed his election with m sg v ng i i i .

It was a critical time fo both the theological s tudies r

and the religious li fe of Cambridge

In deed .
,

writes Bishop Chase the crisis was more Seri ous

,
1

than could at the time be imagined Fo theepoch . r

which was then beginning was to be an 67t of

great even of ha z ardous change questions were

, ,

to be raised which we nt dee pe r even tha ques

tions which had divided men si xties .

Much in Cambridge at any rate end on

the head o f the Theological Pacul eover r ,

to follow Dr Westcott was a o f quite

.

unusual di ff c ulty which w ould h

i taxed the,

powers of the strongest man And Dr . .

Swete was not in the ordinary sens ,

the word ,

a strong man He was not a man . it s nor an ,

ideal chairman nor an impressiv ,

nor a
great preacher There were en he was
'

provokingly difdent and r ng Yet the .

1 He nry Barcl ay S wete ,

Church r ter /y Review:
1 9 1 7, pp . I I O f
.
 REGIUS P R O FE SS O R OF DI VI N ITY 57
twenty ve years which we are now approaching
-

shewed in the words of the writer who has thus

,

expressed the fears felt by s ome in 1 8 9 0 that the

,

Council s ch oice of Dr Swete s Regius Pr ofess or

. a

was abundantly even triumphantly right ; and

,

the Bish op is able to say th at his professoriat e

stands ou t as a great profess oriate justly memo ,

t

able and fruit ful O f the highest g ood ; and he

,

himsel f gradua l ly gained an l mo St unique inuence a

over the undergraduates who cr owded his lecture

room and over a very wide circle of student o f

,
s

the ology .

O f these apprehensions it must not be imagined

that Dr Swete was ign orant even if he rarely sp oke
.
,

o f them and that o nly to the few in his c o ndence

,
.

He felt them but they never dismayed him H

,
. e

returned to Cambridge fu l ly conscious of hi s

limitations and well aware that he had to succeed

,

one who was a prophet in Israel yet with character ,

i tic bu oyancy and hope and a quiet determin ti o n

s ,
a

to do his duty to his University and to the sacre d

cause of The ology .

The wh ole quarter Of a century o f his p ofe r s

soriate he spent in the h ouse in Bateman Street

which he made his h ome at once During the l ong .

pe riod ill health greatly affected all his li fe and

lab our The c ollation of the Pentateuch fo his
. r

editi on o f the S p t u g int was very exacting and

e a ,
5 8 HENR Y B AR CL A Y S W E T E

in consequence of this the rst threatening of spin al

tr ouble came in 1 88 7 1 88 8 This retur ned in -
.

1 8 6 and again in 1 0 3 A fter this last att ack

9 , 9 .

t he symptoms lost much of their gravity and in ,

1 0 he was advised by a Lond o n c o nsultant t o

1
9
di regard the occasi onal slight attacks which he sti l l

had and to attempt some mild e xercise The

, .

advice was justied and little by little the power of ,

walking which he had alm o st l o st returned and

, , ,

t he spinal disc om fort grew less until he was able ,

t o walk a c ouple o f miles and ev en to essay easy

a scents with out inconvenience H owever during .

,

the ye ars 1 8 9 6 1 9 1 0 he was obliged to lead a

-

semi invalid li fe
-
.

His li fe at 56 Bateman Street was tranquil an d

methodical He spent the whole morning om
.

9 m
a to 1
p m . at his desk unless
. he had
. to ,

deliver a lecture The earlier part of the a fter

.

no on was taken gently a rest a little e xercise

when this was allow d him a spell at a n ovel a e , ,

letter o two After tea at 4 o clock he settled

r .

.

d own to w ork again until dinner at 7 unless a ,

friend or s ome y oung student called to consult

him and a fter the break O f dinner he would work ,

again until Then hal f an h our with his

n ovel and an early bed time cl osed the day He
,
-
.

thus w orked for 8 9 h ours a day until the last -

four o ve years o f his li fe when he began to

r ,

nd an hour le ui ci nt His time fo such ss s e . r

6O HE N RY B ARCLAY SWETE
O would call on him in the a fternoon and
l d, who ,

with whom he c ould have talk and tea in his study

or garden Such visits it was s oon found gave
.
, ,

him real pleasure ; and with many especially ,

younger scholars who were working under hi s

direction he entered thus int o a friendship at o nce

,

genuine delicate and fruit ful It was in such

, ,
.

intercourse that his readiness to suggest and

encourage m o st easily found e xpression and very ,

many owe a deep debt to the unselsh direct and ,

stimulating c ounsel given in it .

Dr Swete was by no means without recreations

.
,

th ough they were limited by his physical disability .

F or so me ye ars he rode a tricycle without it is

,

true ever g oing great distances To ride round

, .

Grantchester was a good ride to Shel ford and

,

back a very long way

But he enjoyed the
.

leisurely a ftern oon turn and was grieved when in

,

9 3
1 0 it had to be aband o ne d Travel always .

attracted him His tour in the Holy Land al ready

.
,

mentioned was always the greenest of memories for

,

him In 1 8 8 8 he visited Asia Min or Constan

.
,

tinOp l e and Athens ; in 1 8 9 2 Al giers Tunis and ,

Car thage in for work in libraries Venice

and Verona ; in 1 89 6 Teneri ffe In this year by .

,

order o f his doctor he spent three months in Sc o t

,

land and the N orth Of England ; and in several

years subsequently he t ook during August short , ,
 REGIUS PR OFESS O R OF DIVI N ITY 61

co asting trips r ound England Scotland and , ,

M orocco Th ough his strength did not allow him

.

in such travel to see all that the man of ordinary

s trength can see his keenness and knowledge made
,

it of the greatest recreation and service to him .

A fte r his serious illness in 1 9 0 3 he di d no t again

l eave England and even av o ided a l ong journey
,

o n home railways But still he saw much that to .

him was esh and interesting Year a fter year he .

s pent his holiday in some country V icarage which

he rented as a layman without undertaking

,

resp onsibility fo the duty Here he loved to r .

gather what he called his h ouse party Miss -

.

M as on a C ambridge neighb our known and valued

,

fo many years was wont to share the house with

r ,

him and a regular succession of relatives and

,

friends visited them , each fo about a week The r .

h ouse party tended to grow for the guests of

-
,

one summer were l ooked fo in the next while r ,

esh additi ons were made to the list

-
A real par t .

O f the pleasure o f these h olidays was fo him to r

give help in the services of the Church He was .

n o t e u l to taking charge of a parish as l o um c

q a

t n ns but he was greatly disapp ointed if he was

e e ,

n o t invited to preach at least o nce each Sunday ,

a nd he vi ited the sick and aged as far as he could

s .

His garden was al ways a j oy and interest to

him though he was no t able to do actual gardening
,
.

A nother pastime was the reading of novels He .

62 HE N RY BARCLAY SWETE
fo und in a novel complete rela xati on for his brain .

He favoured most a detective story or a simple ,

plot with a truly heroic hero and a ve ry black

villain Type paper and margin also entered into
.
, ,

his choice The problem n ovel he never read

.

,

nor did he care for what he called Society novels

'

simple characters and country scenes pleased him

most It has been suggested that his own beauti ful
.

literary style was due to this recreation but he did

not develop his taste for such reading until he had
passed his S i xtieth birthday and did not read ,

the standard authors ; and though he did greatly

appreciate such modern writers as Mrs Humphre y .

Ward Mr Marion Craw ford and Mrs Al fred

,
.
,
.

Sidgwick as a ge neral rule he was m ore than

,

tolerant o f a writer s style so long as the story me t

his e xpectation But in all these recreati ons it was

.

del ig hti l to see how he always found enjoyment .

It was ever as if nothing about him were d ull ;

everywhere there were for him points of interest
and of pride and some thing to be happy about
,
.

O n his return to Cambridge Dr Swete was e . r

elected into a F ellowship of his College and this ,

he held until his de ath H is affection for the

.

Col lege and his pride and interest in it were great

and constant F or the greater part of this chapter
.

o f his li fe he was a member o f the Governin g

Body and he served als o on the Chapel and Living s

,

Committees He always attended chapel on

.
 RE G I U S P RO FE SS O R OF D IVINI T Y 63

Library

9
64 HENR Y B AR CL A Y S W E T E

tell one of his tales or produce one f his little O

b on mots
.
1

It will readily be understo od that in a li fe thus

circumscribed he eagerly availed himsel f of l l that a

gave opp ortunity of touch with larger Church li fe

t han that presented in the University Such .

invitations as one to take part in the F ulham Palace

C on ference o f 1 9 0 1 on C on fession and Absoluti o n
were very welcome to him A t that c on ference .

Dr Swete read indeed the c ondensed statement

.

prepared by request as to the mean ing of our

L ord s words in St John xx 2 2 2 3 and St

. .
,
.

Matthew xviii 1 8 with which the con ference .

o pened and a fter that sp oke once only and then

, ,

but briey His dii de nce dislike of controversy

.
, ,

a nd want o f readiness in debate made him an alm o st

s ilent member But he often spoke O f the satis

.

faction which it was to him to have met and heard

t hose who then gathered together an d who r p e e r

sented wide activities experiences and ideas of the , ,

Church and to observe the a ffectionate bearing of

,

s ome t owards th ose who di ffered from them ; and

his capacity fo taking in the standpoint O f others
r

not always at once but eventu al ly made such ,

1
He coul d y
sa w
i
nge d words whe n he c hose W e r e col .

l ect how aft er i

hear ng of a cl ergyman o f l arge b ul k hav ng i
made a fa l qu
se an t t i y in on e Of the mes of Romans xvi , he
na .

re mark ed, Yo u shoul d j udg e a man b y his q ual i ty, n ot b y his

qu an t t iy .

 REGIUS PR OFESS O R OF DIVI N ITY 65

e xcursions into larger practical li fe really use ful to

him In the same way he greatly enj oyed and
.

val ued his visits to Lambeth in connecti on with

Prayer B ook Revisi on ; while the request of the ,

Archbishop of Canterbury that he w ould edit a col

lecti on of essays by competent scholars bearing on
the early hist ory Of the Church and the ministry
attracted him as offering a way in which he could
serve the general li fe of the Church of Engl and ,

and perform a pers on l duty to the Archbish op a .

1

And so frien dships outside the University were

specially pr eci ous as that with Dr Ceriani which

.
,

ar ose out of his Lxx research or with Cardinal ,

Mercier which originated with a letter of thanks

,

fo the C ommentary on the Apocal yp se from the

r

Cardinal and th ough the two schola s never met

, ,
r ,

c ontinued until D Swete s death o those with

r . r

O xford friends such as Dr Bebb and Dr Turner

,
. . .

It was in such ways and not from books and papers

,

alone that he gained that se nse of what was g oing

,

on in the Church at large and of the teaching ,

1
The care s p e n t on t he vo ume aft er l his death b y D r Turner .

in carr
yi ng it t hr oug h t he l ast sta e o
g f p b li t i n nd d wi ng
u ca o , a ra

up t he a pp aratus o f I nd i ce s
(
w h ch i on e r e vi w ed ib d
er escr e as

be i g
n

suc h as we have se ld mo se e n x p t in t h
e ce
g t t e rea es

e di t ions of t he Fathers wo ul d h ave grat i dehim g tl y nd r ea , a

n o on e l
wou d have more t han he t hat Dr T urner s
r eg re tt ed .

se l f-re p ressi o n has p revent ed any n ot e b e i ng made in t he

vo l ume of t he fact t hat so much of it s comp l eten e ss and use ful

n e ss is due t o him .

E
66 HE NRY B ARCL AY SWETE
which young men required of him which made his ,

sori t so strikingly help ful to so many and

a e ,

prevented that teaching from being bl ows int o

the air
.

O f Dr Swete s pr ofess oriate its character and

.

,

output as estimated by a colleague in the eld of

,

scientic theology some acc ount is given later in

,

ou r R m mbr nc
e e Here a survey of these years
a e .

may be attempted fr om a somewhat di fferent

point of V iew and it is hoped it may help to the
,

understanding of the m ore technical estimate .

Had Dr Swete been asked what was the highest

.

V iew he t ook o f his li fe and duties during thi s

quarter of a century he would probably have ,

replied To be then as ever aPastor and Teacher

,

.

AS he t ook these w ords of St Paul as his ideal of .

his li fe work so he t ook our Lord s words Every

-
,

,

scribe who hath been made a disciple to the king

dom o f heaven is like unt o a man that is a house
h older whi ch bringeth forth ou t of his treasur e
,

things new and Ol d as embodying the spirit in

,

which he should perform it He could not .

imagine a priest who was not a teacher nor a ,

teacher who was not a pastor and who taught with ,

kn owledge of those whom he was te aching and

feeding their needs and capacity

He c ould and .
,

he did investigate and he assured himsel f O f what

,

he taught He abh orred ingenuity and specula

.
 REGIUS P R O FE SS OR O F DIVI N ITY 67

ti on in the teacher and taught strictly that f which

,
O

he was ass ured He did not teach to display

.

learning no to determine contr overted matters

r ,

but to serve and equip his hearers Like the great .

Teacher his pa toral instinct e nabled him always

, s

to speak as men were able to hear him but al l

,

this teaching simple th ough it might eem was based

,
s ,

on large res ources of i nvestigation and research .

His work during these twenty ve years -

gathered n the main round his books and his

I

lectures O f his shyness and apparent dii dence

.

and shrink ng from expressing himsel f in w ords

i

enough i said elsewhere But all this vanished

s .

directly he t ook his pen in hand for a book or

l ecture Then he found h msel f and was able to
. i ,

e xpress himsel f with freed om and decision with

a freedom indeed which really revealed his insight

into a great deal of human li fe its temptations and ,

its needs and which also unveiled the depths of the

,

man himse l f his profound appreciation of things

,

ol d his real prep aredness to c onsider and welcome

,

things new his faith his buoyancy and his hope

, ,
.

In all his books written in these years the elemen t

Of sel f e xpre ssion and of pastoral feeling is
-

strongly marked The two great commentaries .

,

for e xample shew the p oints in which fo him lay

,
r

the real interest of the Gospel according to St .

Mark and the Ap oc l ypse And in the same way

,
a .

the man really lived in his lectures .

68 HE N RY BARCLAY SWE TE
F or Dr Swete there was no S harp line
. demar .
o f
cation drawn between his books his lectures and ,

his sermons Al l alike were his work as Pastor

.

and Teacher and the di fference between them was

,

due solely to consideration fo thos e wh om he was r

teaching and the mode Of teaching demanded I t

, .

was in his lectures that he dealt chiey with the

undergraduate whom he strove to teach His .

atti t ude towards undergraduates was peculiarly his

own E n m ss he loved his pupils and under
. a e ,

stood them instinctively and well He never failed .

to get and to keep n r pp or t wit h his clas ses

e a .

And undergraduates were quick to shew him that

they responded to his interest and car e
I think .

they like me because I am old he said in later

,

ye ars perhaps the ol d are more sympathetic with

,

the young than the middle age d But individu -

.

ally the undergraduate was as inc omprehensible to

him as Pro fess or as when he was Tutor or Dean ,

and he was shy with him and so saw little O f his ,

class outside the lec ture room This was not the
-
.

case however with somewhat Older pupils the

, , ,

students who had graduated and scholars actually

working under his directi on With many O f these .

he coul d enter int o real iendship and the y would

.
'

come in to tea with him on Sunday a fternoons as

well as for the study interviews which were

,

binding on them .

In choosing the subjec ts of his pro fessorial ,

 REGIUS P R O FESS O R O F DI VI N ITY 69

lectures he of set purpose avo ided th o se to be pre

pared by students fo e xaminati ons He had a
r .

quick sense of what would interest at the time his

large classes and he c ould adapt his teaching to
,

their general capacity of receiving and assimilating

it He had the power O f making his heare rs under
.

stand that he was himsel f deeply interested in his

subject and considered it great and worth their
,

c oncern as a matter o f actual li fe His own .

e xtremely direct and p ractical turn of mind pre

vented his lectures ever assuming the character of
learned and abstrac t disquisitions His diligence .

in preparation ensured that he always covered the

eld he surveyed at the opening of a course of
l ectures This was always very clearly marked ;
.

and his handling of a subject with distinct limits ,

and his masterly and rounded presentation o f it ,

prevented th agging of interest which comes

e

over a class which feels that progre ss is not being

made and that there is no denite goal towards
,

which the whole course is directed It was l l this . a

that gave their peculiar character to his lectures ,

and enabled him o surpr isingly to h old the interest

s

and attenti o n of his classes .

As in all his teaching the lab our spent on his

,

lectures was e xtra ordinary All were written ou t in

.

full . As a rule this was d one during the vacati ons

preceeding the terms of delivery He was always .
7o HENR Y B AR CL A Y S WE TE

distressed if a term began without thewhole course

being completed the last lecture perhaps being

excepted This he would reserve not only for a

.
,

summary but al so fo gathering up and dealing

,
r

with any points deserving consideration which had

emerged during the delivery of the lectures He .

spent the mo rning before the delivery of each

lecture in revision and pointing up and this gave

,

fresh familiarity with what he had written s ome

time be fore and both ow and animation to his
,

delivery A review of his lectures sh ows the

.

resource fulness of his knowledge and the variety of

his teaching He had a deep dislike Of c ontro
.

ver sy .Yet he did not avoid subj ects because they

were controversial but tr eated them in so positive
,

a way as to av oid givi ng the impression that he

was teaching as a controversialist Besides many .

courses e xposito ry of the N ew T estament his ,

doctrinal lectures covered such a eld as the follow

ing The Ap ostles Creed ; the doctrines of the
:

Incar nation and At onement theories O f the

'

Atonement from the Apostolic Age to the present

day ; the N ew Testament doctrine of Sin ; the
primitive conception and use of the Eucharist the
Euchar ist in the ancient Church the early hist ory
and doctrine of the Christian Ministry the Three
O rders ; C o n fessi o n and Absolution An other .

class of his lectures dealt with Public Worship and

the E nglish Church Such were the courses on.
72 H E NR Y B A R CL A Y S W E T E

in other ways than by c ourses of l ectufes matters

which he judged demanded his author itative teach
ing the nature and worth of the O xyrhynchu

s

F ragments or the Gospel according to Peter or

, ,

the Bull Ap ost ol ic C ur of 1 8 9 6 Such lectures

ae ae .

detached from his regular c ourses and addressed to

a very di fferent audience sh owed how f r he was a

fr om being a slave to one class of hearers There

were also several other cl asseS of lectures which he
gave in which he to ok great delight and which he
, ,

considered came within the scope of his work as an

authoritative teacher of the University O ne of .

these was his lectures to women Dr Swete was . .

f r om being the mis ogynist which some imagined

a

him to be He greatly appreciated ladies s ociety

.

,

and among his more intimate Cambridge friends

he numbered not a few l adies though his shyness
,

somewhat alarmed th ose who did not get bey ond

it He was wide awake to the importance of
.

women as learners and teachers and was deeply ,

an xi ous that The ology sh ould have a place in thei r

studies He gave a Greek Testament Prize to
.

the students o f N ewnham College and e xamined ,

fo it himsel f
r He welc omed the presence O f
.

w omen at his lectures and the Vacation Term

,

fo Biblical Study held in Cambridge in alternate

r

summers had his warmest sympathy and supp ort .

To his lectures to w omen he gave o f his best and ,

lavished laborious pains on them M os t n o te .

 REGIUS PR OFESS O R OF DIVI N ITY 73

worthy in such lectures were th ose on Modern

Criticism and the religi ous u Se f the Bible and a O ,

c ourse of four lectures given in 1 9 0 3 on the Christ

ology of the N ew Testament This latter course .

was p iv t l y p inted and forms a bo oklet o f fty

'

r a e r ,

cl osely printed pages a perfect handbook on the

,

subj ect and admirably adapted to his hearers

,
.

An other Class of lectures were th ose delivered in

the Clergy Training Sch ool These had a char .

acter of their own and though the course s were

sh ort they were perfect models of handling the
,

subjects and always arrested interest They dealt

,
.

with such elds as Preaching the Minis try the , ,

D oc trine of the Pers on of C hrist and the Person ,

and Work of the Holy Spirit He greatly enjoyed .

lectures o f yet an other type th ose delivered to

E xtension Students single lectures or very short

,

c ourses given in di fferent par ts o f the country .

Many of these were prepared with immense lab our .

To the manuscript o f a c ourse given in 1 8 9 2 on

N ine Great Cambridge Divines he has pre xed
n ot es f his own reading by way of preparation
O .

F ew who heard the clear and owing lectur es c ould

realise what pains had been spent on them He .

le ft in all no fewer than 1 30 manuscript books of

his lectures each one of which is a treasure house
,

o f the knowledge o f things new and ol d o f one

who was sch ol ar pastor and teacher

, ,
.

It may be in place here to re fer to Dr Swete s

.
74 HE N RY BARCLAY SWETE
sermons and his study of preaching As l ectu
,
. r

ing so preaching c ame happily to him and he

,

,

greatly valued during the years of his professoriate

those opportunities of preaching which were O ffered
him and which he was able to accept whether in ,

the University pulpit o College Chapel or in r ,

parish churches in town or country He wr o te .

sermons or lectures papers o b ooks with freedom

,
r ,

energy and enj oyment He had while pr ofes sor

, .

at King s College devoted much study himsel f to

the subject of the sermon and more than once gave ,

a c ourse of twelve lectures on pre aching and the

manuscript of these lectures much amended fr om ,

year to year shows how sustained was his study

, ,

and how denite were his ideas of the character and

purpose Of a sermon His own serm ons reect the
.

advice he gave He had a keen and instinctive

.

sense of what the congregation coul d be e xpected

to receive His sermons may have seemed to some
.

inexhaustive and very S imple But all were the .

work of a real teacher and the great maj ority of

,

th o se who heard him knew what he meant and

grasped his points He made no attempt whatever
.

t o be eloquent : when the congregation admire

yo ur lang uage remember you begin to fail as a

,

teacher Highly c ol oured language he studi ously

.
-

av oided
:a tawdry n ry of l anguage is utterly e

inc onsistent with th gravity and sincerity which

e

o ught to characterise the Preacher F ine language .

 REGIUS PR OFESS O R OF DIVI N ITY 75

is m ore o less insincere ; and if it d oes not e xcite

r

disgust certainly d oes not win esteem Too man y

, .

serm ons remind one of a certai n queen who when

the enemy w S at the g ate tired her head and
a

painted her face We remember her end ; within

.

hal f an h our n othing was left of her w orthy a

decent burial A serm on with out real teaching
.

was fo him a contradicti on in terms

r

the
Ascended Christ gave as gi fts pastors and teachers
n o t preachers He used e qu ntl y to say that

. e

he missed the element of instructi on in many

m odern serm ons He coul d not imagine this .

teaching diss ociated fr om the insight which pastoral

V isitati on gives a man may be a pulpit orat or

:

without past oral care scarcely a g ood ordinary ,

preacher and cet ris p ib us he th ought that the e ar

best pastor ought to be the best preacher His .

own serm o ns were all car e full y written and written ,

l ong be fore delivery All contain a heart of sub .

1

t n ti l and seri ous teaching on either a passage of

s a a

Sc ipture o a p oint of Christian faith

r r he r t
a a

which it is pain ful to think cannot be preserved fo r

wider circles of readers I f s ometimes the applica .

ti on to li fe was s omewhat brie f and might be

c ounted weak this arose om a s omewhat limited
,
'

kn owledge of the w orld and als o from his absolute ,

1
His l mon b e fore t he U n i versi ty (on the C o mme mora
ast ser

t oni o f B e n e fact ors, 1

9 1 6) w as com l e ted an d rehearse d more
p
t han six mon t hs b efore it w as p re ache d .
76 HENR Y B AR CL AY S WE T E

incapacity fo being articial and saying what was

r ,

not a true part o f his very sel f His sermons were .

fu l l of faith hope bu oyancy and love and of the

, , ,

warmth of his heart He was happy in being

.

able to preach till the end of his li fe and indeed ,

concl u deda brie f course of addresses only a week

be fore his last illness began .

Dr Swete s profound care fo l l cleric l li fe

.

r a a

made his c onnexion with the Clergy Training

School a special interest to him during these years .

As Regius Pro fessor he succeeded Bishop Westcott

as Chairman of its Council and the deepe ning of
,

the li fe of the Scho ol by the erection of Westcott

House was a matter of great satis faction to him .

In the establishing of the Associateship of the

Hou se (an organisation through which under
graduate Ordinands or men disp o sed to enquire
,

into and consider the ministerial vocation c ould ,

receive some guidance and u n academical c oun el - s

from the Principal o f the Sch ool) he to o k a leading ,

and determined part He th ought that it was not

.

the office o f the University to g ive such guidance ,

and that the Church ought to pr ovide it in such a

centre of young li fe as Cambridge It was a .

serious loss to the Scho ol that his uncertain health

and the distance of Bateman Street fr om Jes u s
Lane prevented his lecturing as O ften as the Sch ool
would have wished The teaching of one so
.

mature and so f removed from all partisanship

ar
 REGIUS PR OFESS O R OF DIVI N ITY 77

or na rowness and in who se character faith hope

r , , ,

a nd Obedience were so prominent was o f peculiar ,

val ue fo th o se whose ministerial character and

r

ideal s were in the stage of taking denite form .

It is dii cul t to supply such teaching and inuence

i n our the ol ogical colleges But when he could he .

gave as h s been said sh ort c our ses of lectures

, a ,
.

And successive Princi pals found in him a sym

p athetic and enc ouraging counsellor in al l relating

t o the wel fare and w ork of the School Dr Swete . .

took also real interest in Ridl ey Hall deepened by ,

his warm friendship with Dr (now Bishop ) Drury .

and his great regard for him He did all he c ould .

t o dr aw t ogether the two foundations fo the train r

ing Of clergy promoting joint services (at two of

,

which he gave addres ses of remarkable fi nk ness '

a nd hel i l ne s
p ) and uniting
s the,
sta f
f and students
o f both in c lebrations o f the H oly C o mmuni o n
e

held termin all y fo the Theol ogical F aculty and

r

students in Theology It was at his suggesti on

.

that the Principal of o ne foundati on having been

approv ed fo the D D degree waited for the
r . .

approaching approval f his br other Principal S OO -

,

that he could present them t ogether fo admission r

t o the degree .

Such signs of appreciation as came to Dr Swete .

during these years he accepted with una ffected

p leasure He
. received them with something o f the
78 HE N RY BARCLAY SWE TE
charming delight with which he would greet quite
m odest presents As early as 1 8 9 2 he was I nvited
.

to the Tercentenary Celebrati o n at Trini ty College ,

Dublin and r eceived the Honorary degree of

,

D Litt
. . Despite hi s curi ous and ro oted Obj ecti o n
to be considered in any degree an Irishman this ,

link with his father s Ol d University was very

pleasing to him The University gave him the

.

h ood o f the degree and he wore it with pride in the

,

little vi l lage churches of his August retreats It .

was not however till later that hon ours began to

, ,

come to him eel y In 1 9 0 1 the H onorary D D

'

. . .

degree of Glasg ow was given to him and a ye ar ,

later he was one of the original F ellows of the

newly incorporated British Academy a distincti on

which he valued highly In 1 9 0 6 the Bishop of .

the Diocese made him an Honorary Canon Of Ely .

O ne O f his very few ambiti ons had been to b e

connected with a Cathedral b ody and this link with ,

the ecclesiastical li fe o f the Diocese and its

Cathedral due to the regard of a former colleague
,

to whom he was greatly attached was a constant ,

gratication In 1 9 1 1 he was appointed Hon orary

.

Chaplain to H M the King and made an . .

,

H onorary D Litt of O xford L oyalty to th

. . . e

Crown was almost a passi on with him ; he was

genuinely proud of his right to wear the King s

b adge and he thor oughly enj oyed the rare occa

,

sions on which he preached in the Chapel Royal o f

80 HE N RY BARCLAY SWETE
mind when he reached this limit that he deferred
resignation for ve year s He had then served the
.

University as Regius Pro fessor of Divinity for

twenty ve year s and was ei ghty years of age
- 1
,

and nothing could induce him for a minute to

reconsider his decision Accordingly at the end of
.

the Academic year 1 9 1 4 1 9 1 5 he re signed the-

Pr ofessorship and at Michaelmas le ft Cambridge

,

without ceremony or vain regret passing with ,

u n u i ed and bright calm to the ne xt and last st a e

r
g
Of his long li fe .

1 O f former Reg us rofessors Dr Watson hel d t he oi ce for

i P .

i
t h rty-ve years ( i
1 771 -1 8 1 6) an d D r C ol l ns for t h rt y-four
. i
1 6
( 7 5 )
1 -1 6 1 D r B e a
.um o n t 1 6 -1 6
( 74 9 9 ) an d D r B e n
. t l e
y
(1 71 7-
1742 ) hel d it as Dr S we t e for t wenty-ve years
. .
 EVE N TIDE
17
9 5 1 1
9
-
1

The year 1 9 1 5 which saw the cl ose of Dr

, .

Swete s w ork as Regius Pr ofessor saw also a

,

change in his h ome li fe In April his niece married

.

Dr Knight ,the Bish op of Gibraltar and the happy

.
,

household of two became the equall y happy home

o f three .

The Pro fessor for some time had intended to

leave Cambridge upon his retiremen t and had xed ,

up on Ely as his ch oice of residence the Cathedral ,

with his p osition as an H onorary Can on and his

many friends there made its attraction But his
,
.

e fforts to obtain a su table h ouse were of no avail

i ,

and it became necessary to look el sewhere Hitchin .

o e ed itsel f as
r a convenient centre ; h al fway
between L ondon and Cambridge with a good ,

t rain service it met the requirements both

,
.

of the Pr ofess or and of the Bishop when

in England . A house with a ro om large
en ough to contain his books and with a garden
F 81
82 HE N RY B ARCLAY SWETE
which pleased him was taken and O ct ober ,

found him settling down in the picturesque littl e

town .

Cambridge ties were still strong He was still .

a F ellow of his College and his new po sition of

Emeritus Professor of Divinity was welcomed by
him ; it bound him to the University an d though ,

he would have been slow to con fess it he like d ,

being sti l l the Pro fessor or more comm only

to his friends His appointment as Lady

.

Margaret Preacher in 1 9 1 6 was very pleasant to

him and few who heard his vigorous sermoh or
,

witnessed his joy and his eagerness to meet his

friends and to make the most of his week end visit -

would have easily credited his eighty one years -

.

A further link between the past and the pre sent

was made for him by the Rev M Creed al so a
. .
,

F ellow of Gonville and Caius College taking up ,

war time work as Curate in H itchin Mr Creed

-
. .

was as a scholar son to him He had not only the

-
.

run O f the Pro fessor s library but all the resour ces

o f his learning sympathy and advice on which to

, ,

draw fo the important theological work up on

r

which he was engaged I f the daily meeting of

.

the two schol ars was the occasi o n of help and

stimulus to the younger it was no less a gain and
,

a delight to the elder to have the c om pan onship of i

so keen and appreciative a disciple It was a .

genuine grie f to him when Mr Creed a fter twelve.

,
s4 HEN R Y B AR CL A Y SW E T E

reading of the Lessons impossible ; and it was

here that his friends o f the Bible Class brought his
body to rest the night be fore burial .

But to preach and teach were not enough for the

Pro fessor ; he must visit also Some hal f dozen .
-

aged or chronic invalids were han ded over to him

by the Vicar and he ministered to them wi th un fail
,

ing regul arity and care His v x m u as he . e na

-
e
-
euoc,

called them were in his mind to the last and when

, ,

he relinquished his charge he insisted on seeing the

Vicar himsel f and made him tak e a note of this one
and that .

H is literary activity went on quietly and without

break The Forg iv n ss of S ins was published in
. e e

O ctober 1 9 1 6 the J o urn l of Th ol og ic l S t udi s

,
a e a e

had several articles om him and he was editing

a volume of E ss ys on th E rl y His tory of th
a e a e

C hurch nd M inis try

a He had also in contempla
.

tion another volume which he hoped to add to

those that he had already written on the last arti cles
o f the creed The Resurrecti on of the body and

the li fe everlasting
But when The Forg iv ness
. e

of S ins was nished he craved a change o f work .

At one time he inclined to a selection of passages

from St Clement of Al e xandria with a translation
.
,

at an other to studies in the Pastoral Epistles of

St Paul ; and indeed made a beginning in each
.
.

B u t he tired of Clement and found himsel f falling

,

int o preparation for an other big Comm enta ry This .

 EVE NTIDE 85

he knew was ou t of the question and he reluctantly ,

laid it by He undert ook a Pre face for an edition

.

o f Andrewes D v otio ns for b egan it with

e

characteristic zest and le ft it completed After

, .

this he meant to collect int o a volume s ome o f his

published papers and als o to print s ome o f his
serm ons and made preliminary selecti ons of b Oth
, .

But his teaching was not limited to literary w ork

a Study Circle in conne xi on with the Central
,

S ociety for Sacred Study for the clergy of the t own ,

and neighb ourho od was held monthly in his house ,

and to his great delight some fourteen joine d it .

Sh ortly after taking up his residence at Hitchin

he received the foll owing res oluti on beauti fully ,

inscribed on vellum from the O xford Board of ,

The ol ogical Study

VIR O EVE R E N DI SS I M O H E NRI C O B S W ET E

R .
,

S T P C A N TA B RI G IE N S I S D P H E N RI C U S S
. . . . . . .

H O LL A N D S T P O X O NI E NS S
, . . . I .

MIHI H O DIE A THE O LO G S OXONI E NS I B U S P MI S S U M E S T

I ER

TE P O ST TOT ANN OS MU N U S PR O FE S S OR I U M S P ON TE TU A
D E PON E NTE M OB S E R VANTI A, VOTI S , PR E C I B U S Q U E PR O
S E QU IQ UAN TI S C RI P TA
. TU A THE OLOG I C A A E S TI M AVE R I T
A C ADEMIA NOSTR SATIS A Q UAT U O R D E C LA RA VI T QU U M
AB H NI NN T
C A N OS N M I N TER N
E CA T T
TAB R I G I E SE OS RA ES
D OC TOR E M N I T S C I L I C ET O P ER
LI TTE R I S AS C R I PS E R I . A

TUA V ETUS TESTAME N TUM G RAE C UM F IDEM M AD COD I CU

P M
O TI M
OR U T M N M P
CAS TI G A U T V ER B I LU C E R OD I I ; A

D O MI N I NOSTRI J ES U C HRISTI N M I N TER LU CU I E . TI S S I E

PRE T T N M
ATU S E S ; D OC S P IRITU S N T O T N NOVO
RI A DE A O E I

TESTAME N T O N PATRUM ET I M S C R I PTI S TR AD I TA AC CU R A

86 HE N RY BARCLAY SWETE
TISSI ME X P M T SY M B O LU M NO STR U M L IT U R G IA
E RO SIS I ; ,

NOSTRA Q U O M O D O X NT G RADATIM
E FO V NT
I BUS CRE E RI

S U MMA I N D U STRIA B R U ISTI P Q U IS N T

. R AE TE R E A E S CI
Q UA N TA P M C O ON A
D I S CI ULOR U N M R TE LE G E TE AU D I E R I T ,
Q UAN T O ST U DI O J U N I O RES J V SE N I O RES ST U DIA
AD U ERI S, AD
TH E O LOG I CA H T CO J M TAN DEM R U DE
OR TA U S SIS ? A ,

O M N I U M J U DI C I O N TI B I I P SE
DIG M
US , T RU D E DEDI S I .

V IRIDIS P ,M MA N EAT N T T
R E CA UR, F R UC TUSSE EC US U A,
SU O S O TI U M H ET TE Q U E P
A B E AT, T DE U S M DIU R OTE GA O . .

D ON E C MANU L E N I N P T M V NT T UAE T
'

I OR U OLU ATI S E

D E D U CA T .

DATA PR I B I E NON AS N OVE M B R . OX ONI AE , EX A B DE

C HRISTI .

Perhaps few thin g s ever gave him more pleasure

than this wholly unexpe cted recognition of his li fe s

work om his brother theologians of Oxford .

The pe ople of Hitchin gave to Dr Swete and .

his family a most k ind wel come and shewed them

real iendship In ei ghteen months Dr Swete
'

. .

won the a ffection of all who knew him The .

char m of his gentle courtesy his kindliness his , ,

will ingness to m ake friends his interest in all that ,

concerned Hitchin drew all classes alike to him ,

.

It was remarkable how much in the last few years

o f his li fe the Ol d shyness vanished There was a .

constant coming and going of guests al l through

the year 1 9 1 6 and it was surprising to see the
,

interest he took in new acquaintances and how

eager he was to make them welcome not only to
the house but also to his beloved library and
g arden .

His garden became an absorbing hobby ; it was

88 HE N RY B ARCLAY SWETE
around him that there could be but one end ; he ,

on the contrary was condent of his recovery I

,

,

am being spared to nish the Essays was his

constant remark and no patient ever assisted doctor

,

and nurse more by his indomitable spirit O n .

May 7th came the rst signs o f heart failure and ,

with it the kn owledge of the tr uth The thre e .

days that foll owed we re characteristic O f the m n a

and all that had gone be fore His li fe s w ork w s

. a

laid down without one word of regret

C H : . .

Turner is the man to edit the Essays if the Arch

bishop approves was his only re ference to t

i .

And if a note o f wis tful ness crep t into I was s o

lo oking forward to going round the garden in the

wheel chair it was corrected by I have had a
-
,

long and very happy li fe His one fear was les t

.

the end should be unduly prolonged and thus

increase the strain on the h ousehold You say you ,

do not mind or feel the strain but as a ma tter of ,

fact nothing is more trying His care for others

.

was always uppermost ; You should not have

dressed S O early ; you will be tired

D o g o ou t ,

and have a g oo d walk and never mind me and ,

but a few minutes be fore he passed D on t waste

,

y our time Bishop l Ltol d the same tale Equally

,

,
a .

t ouching and upli fting to those with him was his

deep humility ; I look back and can see only

sin Tell me the words O f the publican s prayer

in Greek please
, and a fter Rev xxii 3 Hi s . .
 EVE NTIDE 89

servants shall do Him service and they shall see

His face had been read to him he said I m


, ,

no t worthy not w orthy When sympathy was

.
,

e xpressed that the call was so long in coming he ,

answere d D on t be s orry it is go od for me let

, ,

patience have its perfect w ork He dwelt much .

on the collect for Ascensi on Day and it was said ,

fo him c onstantly
r A fter hearing the rst part of
.

Psalm lxiii he said What c ould be better ?

.
, ,

and a fter his favourite St J ohn xiv I nexhaustible

. .
,

w ords ! So with all his accustomed thought and

c ourtesy for others in all his ol d humility and , ,

with his own calm serenity he passed on to the

ller li fe He fell asleep on May 1 0 th in the
.

eighty third year o f his age and the fty ninth o f

- -

his ministry Thus the li fe and ministry of his

.

father and himsel f were of the same length His .

b ody was laid to rest as he wished in Hitchin , ,

cemetery on May 1 4 th The Bish op O f Ely his .

,

Di ocesan as an Hon orary Canon and a much loved

former c olleague in the Pr ofess oriate at Cambridge ,

and Dr Stant on his success or in the Regiu P ofe

.
,
s r s

s o hip b o th t ook part in the o ff ce

rs ,
The Bish op i .

o f the Di o cese cl o sed with his benedicti o n a servic e

which in gl ori ous a ftern oon sunshine was for

, ,

many aT D um fo a li fe of sanctied beauty nd

e e r a

single hearted devo ti on to his Master and hi

-
s

Church .
9 2 HEN R Y B AR CL AY S WE T E
fully trace back many a principle of study and
thought which has had devel opments and growth s

that it would not have had perhaps with him ye t

w
,

hich I am fain to believe he w ould not have

deemed illegitimate divergences from the main
lines of his own convicti ons To Dr Swete it i
. . s

no t O f any such intimate debt as this that I m a

conscious But he had just been installed in th

. e

Regius Chair when I came back to Cambridge in

18 1
9 , and he was one of the rst to welcome a

new Dean an d L ecturer in Divini ty ; and ever

since I have of cour se been familiar at close
, , ,

quarters in one capacity or another with the sc op e

, ,

and e ffect of his work and as association with him

became closer and relations more intimate pprecia ,
a

tion grew deeper and admiration and affection

w armer This has been I am sure a commo n
.
, ,

e xperience .

Dr Swete was not one who wore his heart or his

.

aims on his sleeve But he was consistently the

.

same to everyone in modesty and courtesy and

,

kindliness in restraint and in enco uragement in

, ,

regard to his own w ork and to theirs He assum ed .

that every other student had his own austere and

high ideals of work Yet he dwelt in such spaciou s
.

realms that a certain graciousness was al ways with

him that veiled the real austerity of his li fe and
made a large measure o f fellowship between him
and ordinary students p ossible He never th ough t
.
 THE OL O GICAL S T U D IE S 93

t hat what was easy to him was unattainable by

t hem I f he was rather shy he was not really n ot
.
,

c onsciously reserved There were no fences to

.

b e broken d own and he had no par t to play As .

head of the Divinity F aculty o f Cambridge he was

e xactly in his place and had only to be himsel f and
,

do what in any place he would have wished to do so

f r hopportunity all owed
a a Fo the chie f business
. r

o f a Regius Pro fessor of Divinity i s surely to

advance and extend in every possible way the

kn owledge and the scientic study of Theology in
a l l its branches ; and to this business Dr Swete .

d evoted all his capacity and a su rprising fund o f

He did not aim at founding a sch ool Cambridge .

Pro fessors I think have never done this

, ,
Wheir .

I was told by a distinguished iend that merely as

a pupil of Light foo t s he could not accept a certain

new view I could only feel how entirely though

, ,

a Cambridge man and a scholar he had failed to ,

enter int o the spirit of the work and aims of a

great Cambridge teacher Dr Swete himsel f I
. .
,

b elieve owned no great masters and he r ec ognized

, ,

n o ips dixit in the subjects

e f his study With a
O .

deeply ingrained respect fo auth ority espe cially

r ,

fo the auth ority O f the Church and its accredited

r

representatives (th ough this was an auth ority some

what vague and undened) he could admit no nal
,

authority in the realm of sch olarship He was no .

94 HEN R Y B AR CL A Y S WE T E

setter forth of new points o f V iew or new lines of

-

study and interpretation but he was an assiduou s

propagandi st by precept and e xample by lecture s
, ,

and books and by all the institutions which he

fo unded of patient thorou g h and independen t
, , ,

study of al l the sources of theological science and

the d t on which it is buil t up Only the grea t
a a .

judgements Of the Church on matters of faith were

s acrosanct to him of the processes by which they
:

were reached and the arguments by which they

were supported every student was entitled to judge
,

for himsel f The whole sphere of the history of

.

the developement of Christian thought and institu

tions was open to free and frank examination with ,

no prescribed conclusions Every bit of fresh

.

research or knowledge that could throw light on

Christian orig ines or the e xegesis of Scripture , or
the course of Christi an Doctrine and Worshi p was
warmly welcomed by Dr Swete and made his own
. .

His instincts were conservative in fundamentals ,

but in regard to all details his mind was Ope n and

singularly fresh N one O f his pupils can ever have
.

been taught by him to treat any question Of scholar

S hip as one on which no i r ther light can be shed .

It was characteristic of Dr Swete that while

.
,

always steadily working himsel f he was at the same

,

time always devising schemes for setting others to

work He was in this respect an ideal teacher and
.

head O f a great University faculty He did his .

9 6 HE N RY BARCLAY SWETE
institutions were founded on a soun d basis have ,

been of high value arid so f r as it is possible to

,
a

forecast the future are likely to endure

,
.

It was ch aracteristic of him too that he never , ,

desired to control with any kind of aut ocracy the

institutions he originated Those who worked .

under his presidency were treated by him as his .

honoured colleagues in a good work and he wished ,

t hem al l to have a fr ee hand in their own depart

ments and hi ll credit fo their own share in the

r

wo rk . Where he gave his trust he gave it fully ,

an d indeed sometimes it seemed that he gave it too

g enerously When
. he asked me f ourteen years

o to become the Cambridge editor of Th e

a
g
J o urn l of Th ol og ic l S t udies I felt mysel f quite
a e a
,

unt for so resp onsible a task as the conduct o f a

j ournal which e xisted as it seemed to me for the
, ,

purpose of publishing articl es that no other j ournal

would publish and o nly a few do z en pe ople in the
,

w orld could understand But he would not have

.

it so : and all possible support and encouragement

w s always forthcoming from him while he point
a ,

blank repudiated any idea O f giving directi on or

even advice An editor must follow his own judge
.

ment as to what to accept and what to decline and

again and again his rst greeting to me woul d be ,

What a go od num ber O f the J ourn l it is ! But a

he published sin gularly little in its pages Many .

a paper or lecture fo which I asked he re fused on

r
 T HE O L O G I CAL S T U DIE S 97

t he ground that it was too popul r and not

a

w orthy of the J o u n l and his latest articles were

r a

o nly ffered as it were under protest and with the

O ,

ca v t that he th ought them hardly t fo publica

ea r

ti o n in the J o urn l and e xpecte d me to send them

a

back Yet high as his standard was it was never

.
, ,

from him that criticism came if articles bel ow the

standard were s ometimes admitted or learned and ,

painstaking w ork that seemed to lead to no secure

c onclusi on s o m ore space give n now and then in
,
r ,

the organ f his own creati on to views that ran

O ,

c ounter to his own c onvicti ons than to notes and

s tudies tending to conrm them .

I n like manner to give an o ther instance of the

,

generous c ondence he reposed in o thers I have ,

heard that he wished to entrust the preparati on of

"

a sec ond editi on of on of his own m o st imp ortant

e

works to a much y ounger S ch olar who had not

given pr oo f of any special tness fo the task He r .

t h ought it w ould be a go od training fo him He r .

n o t only l oved to set a y oung man o n to a big

pi ce f w ork (he l oved big b ooks) but he was

e O

,

willing to be himsel f the co p us of the e xperiment

r

( I cannot bring my pen t o add the familiar epithet ) .

I need not say how much such m odesty ab out him

sel f and generous c ondence in them endear ed
him to younger students and encouraged them to
do their best .

No doubt Dr Swete to ok pains himsel f to think

.
9 8 HE N RY B ARCLAY SWETE
of the right man and to enquire of o thers H . e

seemed always to have s o me need in mind A t the .

end of a long and possibly contenti ous meeting ,

lasting all a fternoon in a stu ffy room when younger ,

heads began to ache and the desire for fresh air or ,

tea and tobacco became one s only concern he

,

,

would turn to one quite fresh and speak of some

, ,

thing he wanted done and ask Did you know of

, ,

the man t do it And you would have to confess

o ?

that you could think of nothing and no one then ,

but would send him a name or two later on He .

got tired of course at times at least in the later

, ,

years when I kne w him best but he told me ,

once he never had a headache ; and though he

c o uld be annoyed and she w his annoyance I
, ,

do not think his serenity was ever ru f ed for

long .

Serenity seems to me indeed to have been a

, ,

conspicuous feature of his whole pers onality shew ,

ing itsel f in al l his work in his scholarship as in his

,

outlook on li fe as a whole I doubt if he ever .

experienced the more disturbing emotions of

ordinary men or their problems and uncertainties
, ,

or the conict of loyalties which besets the student

o f Theology who sees his Church clinging to posi

tions which have become for him untenable He .

was certainl y entirely loyal to the Church of the

past with a loyalty that led him to tu rn his eyes
away from blemishes and always to put the mo st
,
I OO HE N RY BARCLAY SWETE
n one of the Disc ourses had been more clearly
subject to it th an this .

O r again when he gave a lecture to the Summer

,

Meeting of E xtension Students at Cambridge on

the Creed in view of recent discussi ons as
to legitimate ways of interpreting its clauses he ,

will not condemn disbelie f in thi s or that miracle

recorded in the Gospels He instances the F eed .

ing of the F ive Th ousand the Raising O f Lazarus , ,

the Walking on the Sea He guards himsel f .

against be ing supposed to imply that those who are

led by their own examination of the records or by ,

the arguments of o thers to d oubt these stories do

,

not su ffer grave l oss and injury but they are

:

not brought thereby into conict with the Creed ,

and he will not there fore regard them as outside the

pale of the Church He admits too as I under
.
, ,

stand that in the case of certain articles of the

,

Creed almost l l educated Christians read into the

a

w ords a meaning which the sec ond century com

pilers did not and c ould not contemplate and he ,

would not discourage attempts by Christian

students to adjust the Creeds to m odern thought ,

if such attempts are made in the spirit O f reverence

and humility even th ough they may c ompel us to

abandon interpretations which have long prevailed .

But the foundation truths of the Christian faith ,

1
The Ancient C r eeds in M odern Li , 1
9 1 4,

p . 22 .
 THE O L O GICAL STUDIES 1O I

such as the Incarnati on and the Resurrecti on O f ou r

L ord must be e xempt fr om interpretati on Dr

,
re -
. .

Swete will not recognize s legitimate any use of a

the e terms which d o s not carry with it the belie f

s e

that our L ord was the S on o f a virgin m o ther and

to ok to Himsel f again o that it did not see co
,
s r

rupti on the B ody which w laid in the t omb He

,
as .

describes e xpressi ons used by a writer in Found a

tio ns ab out the Resurr ecti on as t orturing the

meaning of the Creed and practically denying the
Resurrecti on article ; and he expressed to me his
s orrow that I sh ould have thought it my duty to
write or at least to publish (I think this qu al i
,
ca

ti on is characteristic) my own Letter to the Bish o p

o f O xfo rd .

Yet on the other hand in the last article from

, ,

his pen which was published n his li fe time as i -

,

regards the Resurrecti o n o f men in general he ,

writes disparagingly o f the V iew l ong held in the

.

Church that the risen b ody w ould be ide ntical in

all its par ts with the b ody which was b uried and
,

he all ows Christians to c ontinue to con fes their s

faith in the Resurrecti on

f th esh o

f the O e r O

b ody indi fferently alth ough in the interpretati on

,

o f the terms they have learnt to fol l ow O rigen

rather than Tertullian and perhaps if the ch oice

, ,

had rested with them w ould have pre ferred to

,

speak only of the Resurrecti on of the dead

1

1 The J ournal f
o Theol og ical Studies, vol . xv iii .
p . 14 1 .
19 2 HENR Y BARCL A Y SW E T E

If I mi ght venture the comment I should say ,

that in rel ation to modern theol ogical develope

ments Dr Swete s knowledge and reason carried
.

him far beyond the position in which his feeling

kept him In these matters only ignorance is
.

real ly static E p ur si m uove is true of the

.

student s very environment and by the dynamic of

,

scholarship itsel f Dr Swete was borne al ong He

. .

at least could not like some break faith with his

, ,

high calling and move back .

Much of Dr Swete s work had of course been

.

done be fore he became Pro fessor while he was able ,

to central ize his energy and work c ontinuously at

one subj ect for considerable periods of time .

Afterwar ds such c oncentration as this on a S ingle

piece of work could seldom extend beyond a few
hours at a time hi s attention had to be given each
:

day to many di fferent subjects and he was able to ,

give it fully O ne never heard from him that he

.

hadn t time or was too busy with something

else to do what was required N early l l the

. a

interests which fo the purpose of this review must

,
r

be mentioned apart from each o ther were concur ,

rent throughout the whole of his Pro fessorial

course But we can only duly appreciate his
.

c ontribution as a whole if we consider what he

actually did in e ach of the great departments of
theological study in which he worked .
19 4 HENR Y BA R CL A Y SWE T E

acceptance o f the new critical meth od of study in

later years though he himsel f initiated no evol u
, r

tion ry pro cesse s or conclusi o ns and I do no t think

a ,

that he ever entirely abandoned the central position

with regard to ecclesiastical Traditi on which thi s

early mani fest o indicates He probably was h rdly

. a

consci ous himsel f O f the distance from his earlier

views to which the changed environment Of hi s

placid li fe had br ought him The process of

.

adaptati on seems to have been alm o st aut omatic

the response of a kind of subconscious sel f S o .

f as is kn own there were no upheavals in his li fe

ar ,

and he made no recantations Yet his mature nd

. a

deliberate judgement was stated by him in terms

that in principle at all events w ould satis fy critical
, ,

students o f the Bible Of the most emancipated

school th ough they might not be willing to con

cede to him the distincti on by which he reserved a

domain of The ology on which the Biblical critic

must no t trespass He makes this distinction

.

clear In Theol ogy he claimed fo the t adition of

. r r

the Church an auth ority which no new kn owledge

and no new points of view could invalidate N ew .

knowledge might c ome with new e xperience and ,

new points of view might be attained ; but the

the ological decisions and f orm ul of the past were
ae

invested in his eyes with a certain static quality and

a measure o f nality which would always remain .

attached to them .
 THE O L O GICAL STUDIES 105

In The ology both Ol d and new have thei r

place ; the new d oes not supersede but only

illuminates and crowns the l d and the Christian O ,

scribe is required to bring forth b oth ou t of hi s

tre sure with out fear that they may be found

a

inc onsistent o incompatible r .

1

But no such respect was due to conclusi ons ab ou t

the Bible which had rested on hyp othe ses and con
ce
p t ion that
s did no t c orresp o nd with the d t a a

available to scholars Of to day N o ne of these -

.

c ould claim e xemption from fresh scrutiny and ,

th ose that did not pass the test must be rejected :

the study f the greatest of b ooks must be free

O

fr om age to g a e .

The critical study of the Bible is on an othe r

plane Critical and exegetical meth ods which

.

commended themselves to our fathers have no

binding force for ourselve the l d here has no s O

auth ori ty but that which c omes fr om having

endured the test of prol onged and searching
enquiry We are there for e not concerned to
.

resist any claims which the new learning makes

up on ou attenti on even th ough they c nnot b
r ,
a e

entertained with out aband oning p o iti ons which s

we had been taught to regar d unass ilable as a .

2

Yet he is c l at the ame time to deprecate any

ar e i s

desire to rev oluti oni e o to m ke any change

s ,
r a s

whatever except in obedience to that which seem s

to be the call o f truth .

1
E ssays on so e m B ibl ical questions of the day, p . vii .
2
I bid .
1 O6 HE N RY BARCLAY SWETE
It was certainly in this spirit that Dr Swete s .

own biblical studies were pursued Dr S anday . .

has written of him that he continued the line of

the great triad of Cambridge exegetes (Westcott

and Light foot and Hort and fully shar ed their
) ,

characteristics of accomplished sch olarship and

liter r y nish while he adds that in his case there
a ,

is a t ouch of gentle enement in re ference to

r

another subject matter I should have said of

-
,

elegance which
is personal to the writer
.

Dr Sanday suggests that it is a picture of himsel f

.

that he has unconsciously drawn in a sentence in

the pre face to h s edition of the Ap oc l yps in
i a e

which he re fers to the English clergy as sch olars

at heart by early education or by the instincts Of
a great tradition
The inuence Of the tradi
.

tion l Eng lish classical training is still strong up o n

a

him It determined the form of his comment ary

.
,

with its predil ection fo quotations from the ancient

r

c ommentators skil fully selected and worked in ,

with its care ful technical treatment O f textual

criticism and with its abundant illustration also
,

from ancient sources

He gives us the uits o f
.
1

sch olarship conscienti ously brought up to date

,

as it is incumbent upon all true sch olarship to

be.

These words were written in 1 9 0 7 when a ,

second edition of the Ap oc l yps had already been a e

1
J ournal
q/ Theol og ical S tudies, vol . iii p
v . . 8
4 3 .
 HENR Y B ARCLAY SWETE
t icu l arpassages which t he wider knowledge tha t
came to him later w ould I think have led him to , , ,

c orrect Much the same might be said of a sec ond

.

volume on Th E p is tl t o th G l ti ns published
e e e a a a ,

in 1 8 66 with the same c ollab orat or and publishers .

But both v olumes r n otew orthy as shewing what

a e

was certainly a leading motive of all Dr Swete s

.

li fe s work his desire to bring l l the enlighten

a

ment of scholarship in its bearing on the int p er re

t tion and kn owledge o f the Bible to the service o f

a

those who could not be scholars We see him

.

here at the outset of his long career of literary

,

work already inspired by this aim Dr Swete

,
. .

was ever since I knew him so settled and steady

, , ,

9
that I hardly dare u se the w ord passion of hi

s

aims and purpo ses Yet I am sure that there ran

.

serenely deep within him a ood of purpose to

di ffuse as Widely as possible sound principles of
interpretati on of Scriptur e and al l studies that help
to the knowledge o f the same And thi purpo se . s

was never out of mind when in his later Biblical

works he addressed himsel f primarily to th o se who
were or would be scholars .

In his edition of Th G osp l ccording to S t e e a .

M r k (1 8 9 8 second edition 1 9 0 2 ) he made us o f

a ,
e

all the st ores of learning that were available to

establish the true te xt and the meaning of the
w ords and to illuminate the teaching o f the G ospel
,

and the scenes in which it is set At the same time .

 THE O L O GICAL STUDIES 10
9

he follows the lines of interpretati on th t have been a

t raditi o nal in the Church There is n othing .

rev oluti onary in his treatment of sayings and

incidents rec orded in the Gospel The bright and .

u na tici l picture o f ou L ord s li fe in G lilee

r a r a

w hich it c ontains is not underst ood by Dr Swete .

as di fferent in any imp ortant particular fr om the

later picture pre ented to us in the later G o spels
s .

His c omments and interpretati ons are all c onceived

in an eminently c onservative spirit O n Mark .

x . 1 7ff fo e xample he says that Matthew

,
r ,

thr oughout the st ory follows an other traditi on

,

nd that the w ords Why callest th ou me good ?

a

do n ot touch the questi o n o f ou L ord s human

r

sinlessness o of His oneness with the F ather

r

.

Anyone reading his c ommentary w ould ha dly be r

o n sci ous that there was a syn optic problem

c .

Indeed I believe that the syn optic problem as it

,

pre ents itsel f to many students to day scarcely

s
,

existed fo him He was not much interested in the

r .

literary criticism of the Gospels and he av oided ,

fo his own part and disliked in others all attempts

r
, ,

t o discriminate between the hist orical t u stwo thi r r

ness of di fferent s ources o strata o f the di fferent

r

narratives It was n ough to n ote that a later

. e

evangelist foll owed an other t aditi on Dr Salmon r . .

has told us how he shrank fr om the literary criticism

o f the Gospels as he w ould shrink fr o m dissecting

t he body o f his mother Dr Swete le ft l l such

. . a
I I O HE N RY B ARCLAY SWETE
w ork alone He was content to illuminate and
.

e xpound the te xt as it stood .

He once exp ostulated with a younger friend ,

whom he reg ar ded as chiey concerned with the

history of Doctrine on hearing that he was spend
,

ing l l his time on the synoptic problem N or

a .

would he admit his plea that a student of C hristian

Doctrine must rst make sure of the historical fac ts
on which Christian Doctrine had always claimed to
rest and ascertain as nearly as he could what was
,

the consciousness of the Incarnate Son in His li fe

on earth and what H is contemporaries thought of
H im as the rst step in tracing the process of all
,

later devel opements of belie f .

It would not be quite fair to say of Dr Swete .

that he only valued scholarship so far as it illus

trate d and conrmed tradition ; but I think it is

true that neither or g i ns nor developement at tracted

i

his attention and that neither movements nor

, ,

movement at all as such appealed to his special

,

qu ality of mind He was quick of course to note

.
,

for e xample the actual contributions made by suc

,

ce ssive thinkers in the course o f the history o f

D octrine but he treated them rather as leisurely

,

un foldings of the original content of the particul ar

doctrine than as a new product of new circum
stances Nw non now was a ma xim to which
. e
,

he was at least steadily purp osed to be faith ful .

The same distaste fo anything like the dissectio n

r
1 12 HE N RY BARCLAY SWE TE
have been brought t ogether fr om di fferent con
texts This meth od of using O ld Testament
.

materials runs thr ough the wh ole of the Apoca

l yp and is characteristic of the b ook
se , .

Whether the writer is indebted to non can onical -

apocalyp ses is less certain but if he is he has , ,

followed the same principle There is no .

evidence that any one of them has served him

as a source c oincidences between the work of
J ohn and the e xtant Jewish b ooks are nearly
limited to minor p oints c onnected with the
imagery and diction Under the circumstances .

it is m ore than precari ous to p o stulate sources of

which n othing is known (Th Ap oc l yps of . e a e

S t J o hn 1 9 0 6 p xli x and edit p liii )

.
, ,
.
,
. . .

Writing this passage (J o u n l of Th ol g i l

on r a e o ca

S t udi s v ol viii p
e ,
. Dr S anday says that he
. . .

himsel f w ould have e xpressed the last part of it

rather di fferently that he w ould be m ore ready
,

t han Dr Swete to admit the p o ssibility that foreign

.

material had been used by the auth or of the

p oc l yp s and that besides the e xpress quotati on
a e, ,

o f n o n canonical apocalypses he would allow fo

-
a ,
r

more indirect inuence o f oating material of that

kind I think that Dr Sanday represents the
. .

o pinion that is likely to prevail But Dr Swete s

. .

judgement was formed a fter care ful investigation

o f all the available evidence it rests on the olid : s

foundati o n of ascertained fact with regard to the

author s method in the only cases in which we pos

 THE O L O GICAL STUDIES 1 13

sess the materials f e xact c mparis n that is to

or o o

sa
y , in the o nly cases in which we can see what

actually he has d one with the S ources which we

kn ow he had be fore him And the di fference of

.

o pini o n on the subject between ou two chie f N ew r

Testament sch olars of their generation is very

slight Dr Sanday only speaks of the b al ance of
. .

probability as s eming to him to incline n one

e i

di recti on more than it does to Dr Swete In his . .

general conclusi on on the p oint at issue Dr Swete .

is supp orted by Dr Sanday who describes the

.
,

the ory against which Dr Swete s judgement was

.

passed as being based on a mistaken meth od and

insisting on points that will not bear the stress laid
o n them .

An d I imagine that m o st English sch ola s will r

think that Dr Swete was fully justied in

.

deliberately re fusing to place the Ap ocalypse in

cl o se connexion with the series of Jewish ap oca
l yp tic writings and in pre ferring to treat it as he
did as the product of the author s own unique
,

religi ous e xperience setting be fore us a series of

,

prophetic visi ons of the present n d the future not a ,

o nly the outc ome o f faith triumphing over the

immemorial pain of the w orld and the erce perils

o f the moment and certain o f a gl ori ous vict o ry for
,

the cause of the Christ over the powers of evil ,

but als o the divine guarant ee and assurance fo all r

ages and seas ons of the ultimate issue of the process

H
I 14 . HE NR Y BARCLA Y SWETE
of the w orld Dr Swete will probably be more
. .

widely known to future generations by his edi ti on

o f the A oc l y s than by any other f his works
p p a o e .

The S ep t uag int .

By no means the least of Dr Swete s contrib u .

ti ons to Biblical scholarshi p was his edition o f the

text of the Septuagint version of the O ld Testa
ment by which he laid the foundation fo the
, r

arther w ork of collecting all the e xtant evidence

in a larger edition the preparation of which was
,

entrusted a fterwards by his arrangement to Mr .

Bro oke and Mr M cLean I have said that he

. .

loved big books and he hailed the appearance of

,

part a fter part of this Great Edition as it came out

in his li fetime and rej oiced to see the Pentateuch
,

c ompleted to his entire satis faction O f his own .

editi on Th Ol d T s t m nt in G re k (vol i 1 8 8 7
,
e e a e e . .
,

vol ii 1 89 1 vol iii

. .
,
he wrote in the pre face
. .

to the third volume that it owed its inception and

its inspiration to Dr Hort the great scholar of

.
,

wh om he used to speak with a reverent admirati o n

that he felt I think in equal measure for no other
, ,

theol ogical scholar and to Dr Hort s keen

: .

inte rest in the progress o f the work he lo oked

back with gratitude M o st of the work was done .

while he was at Ashdon and the lab our involved ,

in it is shewn by the fact that it occupied so skilled

and persistent a w orker as Dr Swete for the g reater .
1 16 HE N RY BARCLAY SWETE
issue the Psalms in 1 8 8 9 (t0 which the Can
of
'

ticl e s were added in and as later on they

were served by a separate issue of the Psalms of
S olom on and the Greek Enoch Dr Swete was . .

always alert not only to meet the demands of

scholars but also to create them .

The provision of a tr ustworthy edition did much

in itsel f to promote sch olarly study of the S e ptu a

gint Students however were still le ft in want

.
, ,

o f a book which should bring together all that was

known about the history of the Version the part ,

it had played in Christian thought and the pro ,

b l ems connected with it which S t l l awaited solution l .

This Dr Swete provided in An I nt oduction to th

. r e

Ol d T s t m nt in Gr e k published in 1 9 00 of
e a e e
,

which I should like to make my own the words of

Dr M ason
. It is a pleasure even to one who
l
z

,

is not specially interested in textual criticism to ,

read the nished and sch olarly accounts of the

MSS while the chapters
. on the use of the
Lxx by Christians and n on Christian writers and o n -
,

the aid which it gives to Biblical students bec ome ,

quite fascinating in their interest

.

A second edition of this I ntroduction revised by

Mr R R O ttley with the Letter of Aristeas edited
. . .
,

by Mr Thackeray was published in 1 9 1 4 carrying

.
, ,

Dr Swete s investigations a little further and bring

.

ing his w ork to what is likely to be its nal form .

1
J ournal (
f Theol ogical Studies, vol . xv iii p
. . 2 59 .
 THE O L O GICAL STUDIES 1 17

O ne the few projects which Dr Swete did not

of .

succeed in launching was his l ong cherished plan -

fo a new Lexic on of the Greek of the Septuagint

r ,

which he hoped Dr N estle w ould edit . .

H is t ory of C hris tia n D octrine .

No interest was nearer to Dr Swete s heart than .

the hist ory and statement of the Doctrine of the

Church It was with a pamphlet on a matter of
.

Christian practice in timately associated with Chris

tian D octrine that his long literary career began ,

while he w still a Bachelor of Arts th ough already

as ,

a F ell ow of Caius At Blagdon in Somerset his

.
,

father s parish where he was curate he found the

, ,

Baptists in some force and he issued anonymously ,

a paper of nine questi ons to them promising that (

,

if they nswered them satis fact orily he would go

a

o ver to their ide A Reply appeared There

s . .

upon he reprinted the Reply in parallel c olumns

with his own rejoinder point by p oint giving his , ,

reas ons fo rejecting that reply as evasive indirect

r , ,

and insu fcient on l l the questi ons at issue a

between the Baptists and the Church The title of .

the p amp hl e t is
,
Tw o S id s t o v y Q u s t on
,
e e er e i :

or, N ine Q uesti ons to the Baptists with an e x mi ,

a

nati on of their Reply (L ond on Wertheim : ,

Macint osh and Hunt ,

and it ha the m otto
,
s ,

I speak as to wi m n judge ye what I say and

se
'

e ,

a dedication To the ock of G od at Blagd on with

, ,
1 18 HE NRY BARCLAY SWETE
an earnest prayer that as brethren in Christ they
, ,

may ever more and more dwell t ogether in unity

.

O n its surface and in its spirit in its appeal to ,

historical fact and to reason and in its m otive this , ,

early pamphlet has many of the characteristics of

the later work of Dr Swete I m afraid the

. .

Baptists of B l agd o n would not have felt S weet

reas onableness to be its most marked feature Its .

demonstrations are too direct to please opponents

but Dr Swete could be outspoken enoug h to the
.

last he was never patient of ignorance in the

:

masque of truth and the unity fo which he ho ped

,
r

was one in which no Catholic belie f or custom

would be lost O ne of the latest pieces of work
.

on which he was engaged as Editor was a series of

essays designed to prepare the way for Reunion
on the basis of the conceptions by which the Church
had been guided in the past In the Pre face to .
1

these essays which was ac tually his latest care fully

,

considered utterance he makes his attitude clear

,
.

Having re ferred to some who would h old them

selves always bound by precedent and others who
would gi ve it littl e weight in determining their
action he says
,

The right attitude towards the history of our

faith lies between these e xtremes c onsisting ,

1
Now p b li h d und
u s e er t he t tl e i E ssay: on the E arly History
o the
f C hurch and the M inistry . M
( acmi l l an 8c Co .
,
1 20 HE N RY BARCLAY SWETE
Christian Society as a continu ous and p o res , r

sive organizati on under the uidance 0 the

Spirit of Christ gives speciag importance to ,

i ci l e s and inst tutions which taking their

p p p
r i ,

beginnings in primitive times were accepted by ,

the wh ole Church or by the Church in the West , ,

d own to the S i xteenth century To abandon .

these would be to sacrice historical c ontinuity ,

and to cast d oubt up on the presence in the

Church of the H oly Spirit Who came to guide ,

the Body of Christ int o all the truth Such .

principles such institutions belong to the b n

, ,
e e

ess if no t indeed to the ss o f the Church

e, e e, .

Alm ost his next publication w a car e ful study as

o f points of erennial interest on which attenti on

p
was foc ussed at the time (E ng l nd v rs us R om a e e :

a brie f hand book of the Roman Catholic contro

-

ver y fo
s the use of Members of the Church
r

o f England R iv ing t ons London O xford and

, , ,

Cambridge In the Pre face he disclaims

,

origin ality and through out he e xpresses the views

,

o f b o th Churches in the language of their own

authoritative d ocuments
The title page bears .
-

the mott o i dpx 32 mi 757 ,

( n 3 and the
,

g 0 116 1! 01 7 009 ,

book is an admirable summary of the facts fr om

that p oint of view fr om the beginning it w as

not so Dr Swete s own copy interleaved but

.

.
,

with very few alterations noted has the date co ,

r

rect d in his own handwriting to

e 1 870 Second

Editi on I have not been able to ascertain that a

.
 THE O L O GICAL STUDIES 12 1

sec ond editi on was ac t ually issued in English .

But the re forming party in Italy published a tran s

lati on of it in 1 872 (P g on dottrin l tr l ara e a e a a

Chi s
e a R om n l C hi s
a a I ng l s
e Libreria e a e e
a

L oescher Torin o F irenze e Roma) as r p en

, ,
e re s

t tiv
a e o f the genuine Anglican positi o n in regard

to the p o ints at issue between the Churches o f

England and R ome at the time of the Re formati on

and a fterwards It is of c ourse entirely destructive
.

o f the hist orical claims o f R o man apol ogists o f the

older sch ool .

Since then the ground has S hi ft ed N ewman s

.

E ss y on D v l op m nt and Manning s T mp or l
a e e

e e a

M ission of th H ol y G hos t were indeed l ready

e a

published and in a S h ort appendi x on D octrinal

,

Devel opment Dr Swete had p ointed ou t the fact

.

that to take up the new line of argument was to

c on fess that the ol d appeal to antiquity has broken
d own and he had g one on to deny the possibility
,

o f development by which was what the

c ti on a cr e ,

new theory substituted fo the ol d denial of change r .

Yet thi is just what our modern phil os ophers re

s a

tending increasingly to rec ognize and to afrm ,

th ough they use the newer terms epigenesis nd

a

creative ev olution rather than the older and

,

looser term devel o pment I f the Church be a

.

living organism it must e xhibit in the course of

,

its li fe s omething which to the eye at least will l ook

like devel opment by accreti on in all departments
:
 HE N RY BARCLAY SWETE
in which it is in close st t ouch with living expe i r

ence I f a new Cath olicism is ever to arise it wi l l

.
,

n o doubt have to take acc ount of later e xperience

and make room fo much more diversity of li fe and

o f th o ught than any branch o f the Church has yet

all owed It will not be so bound to the past and

.

its precedent s as to seek its standards only in the

rst or the fth o the rst ix o the si xteenth
, ,
r s , r

of the centu ies through which the Christian

r

s ociety has lived in the w orld It will build rather .

o n the facts o f the present and its eyes will be ,

turned more to the future than to the past it will :

l ook for inspiration to the twentieth century and

t he twenty r t It will not talk of ap o stasy from
-
s .

Christ when it means dissatis faction with fo mu

r

l r ie or categ ories of a thous and o fteen hundred

a s r

y ears a o or with instituti o ns which in their pre

g ,

sent form reect and tend to stere oty pe conditi ons

o f li fe and thought that ha v e passed away It will .

no t believe that the guiding acti on o f the H oly

S pirit ceased a fter the C ouncil o f Chalced o n o has r

ever been conned within the bounds of any insti

t u tion or Church .

F or any such kind of reconstructive or creative

e o t Dr
r Swete I think was inclined neither by
.
, ,

t emperament n o by e xperience Keenly alive as

r .

he was to all fresh discoveries that b ore on the study

o f the ol d materials o f biblical and the ol ogical

l earning knowing no c on fessi onal or ecclesiastical

,
1 24 . HE N RY BARCLAY SWETE

published It was his only directly c ontroversial

.

w ork
model of its kind nd when he had
a ,
a

embarked on the c ourse of original research in the

hist ory of Doctrine which pr oduced the rich fruits
o f his series o f books on the doctrine o f the H oly

Spirit he had neither time nor taste fo c ontro

, r

ver s
y He
. o nly intervened to correct s o me o f the

historical mistakes of Dr Harnack about the .

Apostles Creed and of the papal bull Ap os tol ic

ae

C ur on the essentials of Holy O rders Dr A

ae . . .

Mason has sai d that int o n one of his books h

as

his soul passed with more concentrated force than

into his admirable little work on Th Ap os tl s
e e

Cr d
ee

and undo ubte dl y the de fence of the fu ll
,
1

Catholic faith was al ways a strong m otive with him .

I was c ons trained to write unto you e xhorting you

to contend earnestly for the faith which was once
for all delivered unto the saints is the English

versi on o f the m otto (Jude 3) which he placed on

the last page of the little book ; but it was the
sch olar at least as muc h as the Cath olic in him that
was outraged by Dr Harnack s treatment of the

.

evidence of the early belie f of the Church In like .

manner Dr Swete had f too deep a consciousness

. ar

o f the su f ciency o f Anglican O rders and o f his ,

own position as a Priest of the Church o f Christ ,

to be disturbed by the judgement o f a bish op o f

Rome on the matter but he was concerned to do

1
J ournal c heol ogi cal S tudies (J
u ly vol . xv iii p . . 2
5 8 .
 THE O L O GICAL STUDIES 12
5
i

a he c oul d to put the p oints at issue in their true

ll
historical perspective This he did e ffectively in .

his short lecture O n the Bull Ap os tol ic C ur

ae ae .

And fr om this p oint of view he would have W l e

c omed warmly as at least a recogniti on of many of

,

the most imp ortant fac ts the recent treatise of ,

C ardinal Van Rossum o f which a n otice appeared ,

in his own J ou n l of Th ol og i l S tudi s too late

r a e ca e

fo him to see it (
r vol xviii pp 32 5 It . . .

c ould not however have led him to m odi fy what

, ,

he wrote in 1 89 6 as to Rome s hopeless str uggle

against facts and all that has happened since puts

int o b older relie f the sanity and wisdom of his
o utlook and the h opes fo
,
the Church of England r

in the future which he e xpressed at the conclusi on

o f his lecture :

For the Church of England this Bull may

mark the beginning of a new era in her l ong
hist ory Hithert o while st outly resisting
.
,

R oman encr oachments she has ever S ince the , ,

Re formati on retained a pious tenderness fo the

,
r

g rea t See which pr o duced a L e o and a Greg ory ,

and which sent her an Augustine and a The o

d ore To this traditi onal piety there has been
.

added of late y ars a yearning fo c orporate e

e r r

uni on with b oth East and West which has led ,

many am ongst us to h pe that Rome in the 0 ,

fuller light of investigations pursued by her own

greatest sch olars mi ht reconsider her irrecon
ll g
,

cil b l e enmity to
a i ng l i h ways That h ope
a s .
1 26 HE N RY BARCLAY SWETE
has been dashed to pieces but the result wi l l,

hardly be what Rome e xpects F or the m omen t .

isolati on seems to be the lot b o th of the English

nation and of the English Church There are .

worse things than isolation It is better than n

. a

unsound o perilous alliance ; it may even

r

develop resources and powers which an alliance ,

or the hope o f an alliance might have cripple d

,

or wrecked Now that by no act of our own

.
, ,

our rupture with Rome is complete we S hal l ,

su ffer no longer it may be hoped from a l urk in

partiali ty for foreign types of devotion ang
, ,

methods characteristic of a Chu rch which is alie n

to our English thought O n the other hand
.
,

no latent dread o f absorption by an Italian See

need any l onger deter us from the state ly digni ty
o f worship and the richness and mani foldness o f
,

religious li fe whic h become the Church of a

,

great Empire the heir of the best traditions of

,

all the Christian centuries Since reuni on with

.

the Latin Churches has now been shewn to be

impracticable the Church o f England will set
,

hersel f with increased earnestness to the task of

wiping out divisions at h ome She will stretch .

out her hands with greater freed om to the ancient

Churches of the East which share her pr otest
,

against Papal aggression A bove all she will

.
,

c onsolidate her own al ready vast dominions .

Durin the century which is near its end the ,

Englis Cath olic Church has steadily advanced

with the progress of the En lish speaking -

peoples of the world ; next year i God wi l l o n , ,

o ccasion o f the thirteen hundredth anniversa ry

-

o f the coming o f Augustine two hundre d ,

1 28 HE N RY BARCLAY SWETE
an dscho ols of thought are clearly n oted and al l ,

t he evidence furnished in detail To enter into

.

the intricacies of the the ological argument was no t

Dr Swete s purp o se in either bo ok but rather to
.

,

mark the rise and uctuations of b oth Christian

and heretical thought and to trace the gradual

emergence of the Cath olic doctrine so far as it has ,

b een already received and the fulness of learning

and clearness of exposition with which Dr Swete .

acc omplished his purpose supply future students

with almost all the materials they can have .

Within the limits which he set himsel f his work is

complete N either book is intended fo the
. r

general reader nor yet fo Churchmen who were

,
r

n o t sch olars But Dr Swete protests against the

. .

suggesti on that the c ontroversies which he reviews

were e xtinct Indeed the C on ference between

.
,

the E ste n s Anglicans and O ld Catholics held at

a r , ,

B onn in 1 8 75 had shewn that the Fil ioq ue ques

tion was a living issue in the Church and in the ,

Pre face to the later bo ok which deals with that

question he e xpresses the hope that in the conduct
o f this sti l l undetermined controversy help may be

forthcoming fr om the e xperiences of the past .

The subj ect is indeed of more than merely

hist orical interest A questi on o cl o sely con
. s

n ct d with the central mystery of the F aith can

e e

never bec ome obs olete until it has received an ,

answer in which the whole Church c oncurs At .

 THE O L O GICAL STUDIES 12
9

the present time the instinct fo e un i on which r r -

is so mani festl y w orking throughout Christen

dom has again turned our th oughts to this ol d
battle el d of East and West It may be idl e
-
.

to e xpect that any considerable addition can n ow

be made to the ar guments which have been
accumulated by theologians on either S ide
during m ore than a th ousand years But it is .

surely not unreasonable to h ope fo a s oluti on r

o f s ome of the ecclesiastical diicu l tie by which s

the questi on is perplexed ; a s olution to be

o btained in the calm review o f the course o f
events which has led each of the great secti ons
of the Church to its present conclusions An .

examinati on of the facts may at least serve to

suggest the mutual forbearance which prings s

fr om the consciousness that faults have not been

wanting on either S ide and which gives the
,

fairest promise of a real and permanent

reconciliati on .
1

In the article Holy Ghost in the D iction ry of

a

C h is ti n B iog r p hy (
r a Smith and Wace vol iii
a ,
. .
,

1 8 82
) Dr Swete provided
. a ful l s um o f his re

e

earlier hist orical work ; and in the article H oly

Spirit in Hastings D iction ry of th B ibl

a e e

ol ii treating the subject fr om the p o int

(v . .
,

o f view of Christian The ol ogy he traced in the

,

progressive revelati on vouchsa fed to Israel and to

the Church the steps which led to the conce ption ,

f Holy
.

1 h d i f h i the
f
On the history o t e octr ne o t e p rocess on c

Sp irit, p .
3 .
 1 30 HE N RY BARCL A Y SWE TE
thr ough the O ld and N ew Testaments and the
intermediate Jewish writings which as he said , , ,

illustrate the e ffect of the O ld Testament revela
ti on up on the Jewish people and prepare us to ,

understand the fuller teaching of the G ospel of

Christ In this latter arti cle there is of course

.

much m ore of the theology of the subj ect and full

and sensitive appreciation of the va rying stages of
e xperience in the light of which the ecclesiastical
doctrine was developed Dr Swete handles al l the
. .

available evidence with a devout and loving touch ,

as care ful to recognize ambiguities where they

e xi st as to note the e xact force and signicance of
,

details of the phraseology employed by the Biblical

writers I S h ould be inclined mysel f to signalize
.

this article as one which e xhibits Dr Swete s

.

highest qualities as scholar expositor and theo , ,

l og i n and to see in it the e xpression o f a mind

a ,

and spirit m oulded and permeated by the kind of

upli fting e xperience which he pourtr ays Cer .

tainl y into all his work on the doctrine o f the Holy

Spirit there pass ed a full measure of his soul as ,

p atient as persistent as established

,
as receptive ,

quick to discern in the present as well as in the pa st

the ill uminating restorative and e xhilarating

,

,

power of the Spirit .

I do not know that his two later books on the

subject Th H ol y S pi it in th N w T s t m nt

e r e e e a e

1 0 9 ) and Th H ol y S p irit i n t h Anci nt Chur ch

(9 e e e
1 32 HENR Y BARCLAY SWETE

Pa tris tic S t udies .

The fruits of Dr Swete s li fe long patristic .

-

reading are to be found not only in his special

studies of the history of dogmatic Theology n d a

his Commentaries but in most of his other books

,

and articles He was always ready with teaching

.

and illustrati ons drawn from the rich treasury of

the F athers and Doctors of the Church his mind :

was very largely fashioned by them He was .

eager to draw the attention of the younger cl ergy

o f the Church of England to the vast store of

wisdom which has been b equeathed to them by

the ancient Catholic Church 5 0 he writes in his

little volume P tris tic S tudy in the series Hand

,
a

,

books fo the Clergy (Long mans Green 8: Co

r

,
.
,

in which he mapped ou t the eld of Patri stic

le arning while insistin g on the need of personal
, .

study He would not have them content with

.

c t n e
a e of
a e xtracts
The F athers are often
.

quoted but in the hurry of the times they are

,

perhaps seldom read The perhaps I ima gine

.
, ,

might safely have b een omitted

Yet quotation .

i s safe only in the hands of the care ful student .

Knowledge gained at second hand is not merely of

little worth but may easily become mischievous
,

b oth to its possessor and to the Church .

O f patristic texts Dr Swete himsel f edited but .

t wo :the short treatise of Theodore L scaris the a

 THE O L O GICAL STUDIES 1 33

younger on the Procession of the Holy Spirit (the

text only which was printed at Jena and published
,

by Williams 8: Norgate in 1 8 7 and the Latin

versi on with the extant fragments of the original
,

Greek of the C ommentary of The odore of

,

M op su estia on the Minor Epistles o f St Paul In . .

his edition of the latter which was well furnished

,

with introduction and notes Dr Swete included ,

.

the remnants of Theodore s doc trinal writings

,

while with characteristic cauti on and ch arity he

introduced each volume by mottoes in which he
s ounded at once a n ote of warning an d shewed his
appreciati on of all that was good in the work of a
sch olar whom he regarded as the real originator of
the heresy which was a fterwards condemned as
N estorianism by the c ouncils of the Church

.

But the monuments of Dr Swete s patristic

.

interests are also to be seen in the series of Cam

bridge Patristic Texts which he brought int o

,

e xistence although with his habitual zeal in e nl ist

, ,

ing the help of other scholars in his projects he ,

secured as edit or his c oll eague Dr Mason then ,

.
,

the Lady Margaret s Profess or o f Divini ty The

.

declared purp ose of the series is to give to Theo

l ogical students the S ame kind of assistance in

reading Patristic works which is o abundantly s

given to students of the classical authors The

.

publicati o n in 1 89 9 of the rst v olume Dr ,

.

Mason s Th Fiv Th ol og ic l O tions of Gr g ory

)

e e e a ra e
1
34 H E N RY BARCLAY SWE TE
o f Naz ia nz us,
was followed in 1
9 3
0 by Dr .

Sr awl ey s The Ca teche tical Oration o f G r eg ory
o N
f y ,
ssa and four other volumes have appeared
since We may look forward with condence to a
.

long li fe for so u se ful a series even if it d oes not ,

g row very rapidly .

Dr Swete also spent much time and thought in

.

trying to arrange for the preparation of a Lexic on

o f Patristic Greek a task requiring the co opera ,
-

tion of many students An editor was secur ed .

,

and a good deal of pro gress has be en and still is

being m ade Dr Swete s own University Pre ss

. .

having decl ined the honour of publishing such a

w ork throug h the good oi ces of O xford scholars
,

arrangements were made with the Clarendon Press .

Mr C H Turner came to the rescue to Dr

. . .
,
.

Swete s relie f and under his direction as soon as

,

other engagements of the Press permit the Lexicon ,

will be brought ou t and many of the dii cul ties ,

which at present beset the study of the F athers will

be smoothed away F uture generati ons of .

students of Patristics will owe to Dr Swete s

.

initiative advantages not open to those of his own

t mei .

Lit urg ical S t udies .

Dr Swete s contribution to liturgical studies is

.

not to be measured by his own publicati ons in this

1 36 HE NRY B ARCLAY SWETE
liturgical MS o two the mere han dl ing of which
. r ,

will break the crust of many preconceived ideas ,

and inspire a new enthusiasm for the history of

English Church Worship (Cl ric l S t udi s

e a e ,

He did not take any personal part in the w ork of

cr itical reconstruction of the history of liturgical
forms which has been the peculiar task of the
liturgiol ogists of the last few decades ; and it is
probably only one who is himsel f actively engaged
in such w ork who can fully grasp the! purp ort o f
the most recent investigations But in this .

dep rtment of theological studies as in others Dr

a , ,
.

Swete systematically encouraged ounger students y

,

and was always able to advise them as to their

reading and set them well on their road To pro .

mote s ound kn owledg e of the subj ect and interest

in it and to indicate the lines along which further
,

research might be pursued most u it ll y he a ,

arranged fo the series of The Cambridge Hand

r

b ooks of Liturgical Study enlisting the services

,

o f Dr S r wl ey as co editor with himsel f nd

. a -
a

en trusting m o st of the edit or s work to him ;

and he warmly a pp roved and supp orted a ch ange

by which a University Prize the only specic

enc ouragement which Cambridge now gives to the

l The l
vo umes a readyl p ub li h d
s e are The C hurch Year and

Kal endar The Ancient C hurch Orders The E arly

History of the Liturgy f B ap tism
The O ces o and Con
r mation
C or onation Rites
 THE O L O GICAL STUDIES 1 37

study was dissociated from the Theol ogical Trip os

to which it had been attached and opened to older

men so that it might serve to attract to the subject

,

a wider eld of students better equipped fo their r

task than be fore .

The J o ur nal of The ol og ical S t udies .

When we l ook away fr om the works of Dr .

Swete s own pen to the visible memorials he h s

a

le ft behind him of his interest in the scientic study

o f The ol ogy it is perhaps the journ al which he
,

founded that is most conspicuous with its eighteen

v olumes already c ompleted .

It was through his initiative that the C ommittee

o f Direction was formed of s ome of the chie f

the ological sch olars of Cambridge and O xford and

Durham and on him in particular fell the w ork of
,

piloting the new venture int o e xistence In intro .

du cing the rst number of the J ournal (O ct ober ,

18
9 9) he wr o te :

English jour nal hitherto has dev oted itsel f

No
exclusively to the furtherance of the ol ogical
learning Theol ogical c ontributi ons of rea t
merit are scattered through the v olumes gour
.

leading ecclesiastical newspapers and of peri odi

,

cals which minister to the wants of the preacher

and the exegete The current literature of
.

Th ol o y is discussed in m ore than on use ful

erI
e e

q u tar
y .We g te l l
y recognize
ra i t h e
1
38 HE N RY BARCLAY SWETE
services which are thus rendered to theological
research But we still desiderate a regular organ
.

o f communication betwe n students wh o se lives

e
ar e spent at the Universities and elsewhere
,
in ,

the pursuit of scientic Theology Th . e

J our n l of Th ol og ic l S t udi s i s intended to

a e a e

supply this want Such a e iodic l will r

appeal in the rst instance to p ofgssed students

. a

and teachers of theol ogy But its promoters .

will not lose sight of the requirements of the

incr easing class of educated Englishmen to be ,

found among the lai ty as well as among ministers

of religion who are pro foundly interested in the
,

problems raised by Biblical and other theological

studies .

Under the editorship of Mr C H Turner the . . .

J ourn l was rmly established on the lines sketched

a

out by Dr Swete Taken over from Messrs

. .

Macmillan Co its rst publishers by the

.
, ,

delegates of the Clarendon Press it seems to have ,

a long and u seal existence be fore it It has con .

t ained many new te xts and articles o f permanent

v al ue and though the circulation of such a

,

periodical can p robably never be larg e it i s I , ,

believe in as high repute among scholars all over

,

the world as any of the few periodicals which make

theol ogical studies their sole concern .
14o
*
HE N RY B ARCLAY SWETE
notice of the general public as some collections of
Essays on similar subj ects have caught it both ,

contain work of more th an temporary value and

make a solid c ontribution to the progress of
theological science .

The Cambridg e The ol og ical S ocie ty .

A less conspicuou s and much less widely known

memorial of Dr Swete s activity in promoting

.

theological res earch is seen in the Cambridge

Theological Society of which he was the foun der
,
.

The Theological Society brought together men

o f di fferent theological positions and ecclesiastical

training fo discussion of matters of comm on

r

interest N o limits were xed to the range o f

.

subjects that might be handled , and during the

twenty years or so of the Society s existence papers

have been read and eely criticized and discussed

-

on most of the topics with which theological

students are concerned Many of the papers no .
,

doubt have been of a highly specialized character

, ,

and the meetings have often been small in numbers .

No such general meeting place had e xisted in

Cambridge be fore Colleges had their the ol ogical
.

societies for undergraduates and teachers often ,

presided over by the College Dean or Theological

tutor but there was no instituti on of the kind fo r

senior members of the University no regular

Opp ortunity fo interchange of views and opinions

r ,
 THE OL O GICAL STUDIES 14 1

for putting forward fresh ideas or the ories and ,

getting them S i fted by discussi on with e xperts in

o ther departments of the ol ogical research who
w ould have special knowledge to bring to bear on
the particular parts of the subject which concerned
t heir own particular branch o f study .

It is of c ourse one of the chie f boom of li fe in

, ,

a University that s omeone c n almost always be a

found who can furnish in formation on any subj ect

t hat cr o sses the path of the student of s omething

e lse . But it is a greater boon to be able to submit

a piece of fresh investigati on to a gathering of
s tudents that contains expe rts in various depart
ments and to take their judgement on the con
,

e lusions to which it leads .

Many a paper that has a fterwards been published

has gained in accuracy and completeness and value
as the result of its having been communicated rst
to the Cambridge Theological Society while some ,

have died a natur al death instead of being

published no less a gain to the commonwealth

o f sch olarship .

The Ce ntral S ocie ty f

o S acr ed S t udies .

Another instance of Dr Swete s success in band

.

ing men together for co operative study is see n in

The Central Society of Sacred Studies which he

founded in 1 8 9 9 .

In founding this Society Dr Swete established .

 HE N RY B ARCL AY SWETE
an organization o f study among the clergy which
plac ed the knowledge of e xpe rts in every depart
ment of Theology at the service of every member
of the S o ciety. Branches have been formed in
nearly every diocese in England and in many part s
o f our comm o nwealt h beyond the seas to gather ,

the clergy together in study circles and th e

Central Socie ty thr ough its executive committee

, ,

has provided lecturers and alternative courses of

study longer or shorter for each year with lists of
, , ,

the most u se ful books on every subject and o ften

very fu l l directions such as am ounted to a syl labu s
,

of the course to be followed . Students who have

no library at hand may have dii cul ty in obtaining
the larger books recommended but at least they are
,

supplied with in formation as to the most trust

worthy sources o f knowledg e Q uarterly lists of
.

new b oo ks are also sent to members and mu ch ,

valuable work has been published in the form of

occasional papers and answers to questions of
members who asked for guidance on special points .

The whole succes s of such a Society as this has

depended of course very largely on the co operation
, ,
-

o f many scholars and specialists o n the work o f its

,

successive s ecretaries and the energy of individual

wardens of its various branches But to Dr Swet
. . e

is due the conception of the whole scheme and for ,

many years he presided over the organization and

management of the Society It is diicul t to
.
1 44 HE NRY BARCLAY SWETE
Q

their time and occasi onally having to spend an

,

e xtra term in Cambridge in order to obtain the

necessary certicates Dr Swete was anxious that
. .

candidates fo Holy O de S should always begin

r r r

their special preparati on during their undergraduate

cou se even if they were mainly occupied by
r ,

studies other than the ological and that they should

.

have their future calling kept more denitely

be fore them throu ghout their University li fe The .

University o ffered them op portunities of laying a

good foundation for future s tudy and of guidance ,

in s ound method and principles of such study ,

which they were not likely to get afterwards and

elsewhere Their later course at a The ological
.

C ollege with which he was entirely in sympathy

, ,

w ould supplement in other ways the intellectual

training which they ought to have in Cambridge .

Whatever subj ect a man was taking for special

stu dy for his degree he c ould spare time from it
,

for two courses o f lectures in Divini ty in each of

his three years So Dr Swete prepared a scheme
. .

under which no candidate fo Holy O rders should r

go down from Cambridge without having bee n

introduced to the study of the O ld Testament ,

the N ew Testament the early history of the ,

Church and Christian Doctrine on the lines

, ,

on which tho se studies a e pursued in Cam r

bridge Dr Swete sought the co Operation

. .
-

of the O xford Divinity Pro fessors in this

 THE O L O GICAL STUDIES 14
5
s cheme so that the two Universities might w ork
,

t ogether in the matter fo the c ommon good of the

r

Church But Dr Ince did not see his way to

. .

initiate a similar scheme at O xford The approval .

o f the Bishops h owever was obtained so far at all

,
, ,

events that they agreed to enquire of Cambridge

graduates who are candidates for Holy O rders

whether they have this Testim onium and with the

,

willing c onsensus of C ollege Deans and Tut ors the ,

scheme was launched in and has certai nl y

w orked well in Cambridge I f s ound learning is
.

to be desired in the clergy the adv antages o f such

,

a scheme are obvi ous they certainly are not to be

:

measured S imply by the am ount of denite know

ledge of each particular subj ect which can be ,

acquired through the medium of a single course of

lectur s It was at least a fur ther step forward
e .

t owards the m ore e fcient education o f the clergy

o f the Church o f England as a wh ole in the subject

o f which they are supp o sed to be well trained and

c ompetent teachers .

D ivinity D eg r e es .

Dr Swete h owever was not content merely to

.
, ,

start y oung Cambridge men on the right c ourse of

study he liked to foll ow them up ; and the
Degrees in Divinity offered a means of ncou g e ra

ing and inuencing the ol ogical study among the

abler of the seni or men which was assidu ously use d
,

K
146 HE N RY B ARCLAY SWETE
by him Under the reg ulations in force until the
.

last years of his tenure of the Regius Chair the ve

Divinity Pro fessors were the authority entrusted
by the University with the award of the Degrees ,

and the subject o f the Dissertation o ffered by a

candidate had to be approved by them be forehand .

By this mode of procedure an opportunity was

given the Pro fessors of advising candidates as to '

their reading and of sugg esting the most promising

lines of research A student working alone per
.
,

haps far away from libraries and ou t of touch with

other stu dents and probably only partially
,

acquainted with the literature of a subject could,

be directed to the most recent investigations of

points in which he was interested The Regius
.

Pro fessor in particular as the channel of communi

,

cation between candidates and the Pro fessorial

!

b ody was brought into personal relations with the

,

candidate which were as warmly welcomed by Dr .

Swete as usually by the candidates themselves He .

constantly bade young graduates keep a Divinity

Degree in mind as a stimulus to further study and ,

they were sure to receive from him sympathy and

encouragement in their work It was a real
.

trouble to him when the new regulations deprived

the Pro fessors as a body and the Regius Professor
,

in particular of the opportunities in this respect

,

which they had hitherto enjoyed .

The proposal to rem ove the restrictions by which

 HE N RY B ARCLAY SWE TE
Divinity And the regulations for Divinity
.

Degrees were br ought as nearly as p ossible into

agreement with this new procedure in regard to
new degrees with the result that the Divinity
,

Pro fessors were relieved of their old responsibilities

and were merged in a Degree C ommittee of the
Special Board fo Divinity The Regius Pro fessor
r .

ceased to be the representative of the Degree

authority and the Registrary became the means of
co mmunicati on between candidates and the Com
mittee. No doubt the imperson al system thus
adopted has advantages ; and students whether ,

resident or not can always seek counsel from the

,

Pro fessors of their University But the deep

.

reg ret that Dr Swete felt at the change of pro

.

ce dure was a measure o f the interest he had taken

in this branch of his activities and of the value he

'

attached to the opportuni ty it gave him of estab

l ishing personal relations with students away fr o m
Cambridge and so promoting the scientic study
,

of Theology under the most humane and

sympathetic conditions .
 DR S WETE AS LECTURER A N D
.

P REACHER
F R O M the foregoing record Dr Swete s own of .

published works and the b ooks of which he was

the instigator and of the societies and institutions
,

which he brought to birth it might be supposed

,

that he spent his wh ole time at the study table ,

pen in hand or in c ommittee rooms engaged in

,

putting his plans int o operati on Recreations it .

,

is true beyond a novel and a little music in spare

,

m oments he had n one But one of the duties of

, .

a Cambri dg e Divinity Profess or is to lecture and ,

th ough he has no place in the parochial or dmini a

strativ
e system of the Church he often may be ,

called on for a sermon To many generations of

.

Cambridge men the Regius Pro fes or of their time s

is of course best known by the two courses of .

Lectures which he gives each year Dr Swete s . .

were l ways thronged It often fell to him also to

a .

lecture to the gatherings of clergymen or exten ,

si on students o ladies that assemble in Cam

,
r ,

bridge m ost years in the summer for hm nt re es e

and stimulus of b ody and brain And though for .

14 9
1
50 H E N RY BARCLAY SWETE
a period his health interfered with preaching there ,

must have been few years of his li fe in which he

was not frequently in the pulpit A few w ords .

about him in each of these capac t es must have i i

place in this Remembrance even if they only touch ,

the surface of the facts .

1

D r S wete
. as L ect urer .

Dr Swete in his later years delighted to call

.

himsel f the P oll Man s Pro fessor a mot which

-

I suspec t conveyed a little gentl e cha of s ome

'

of his coll eagues who mi g ht be thought to be at

times a little above the heads of their class And .

he always kept in view what is I suppose the chie f , ,

purpose that m ost of the courses of a Cambridge

Divinity Pro fessor ought to serve The maj ority .

of theological students are destined fo the r

ministry and a Pro fessor s business is to gui de

,

and help them to prepare themselves to be good

pastors and teachers of the ock of Christ Dr . .

Swete felt this duty to be specially incumbent on

the Regius Pro fessor .

He only occasi onally gave isolated lectures of a

kind not specially adapted to the needs of those
simple folk who l ways constitute the majori ty of
a

the faith ful but he never gave a course that was

:

Bi h p Gi l
1
The s o of b ra tar s acco unt of Dr S we te
. as Lecturer
an d P reache r ( se e
p pp 6 8 ff)
su ra, w il l . correct or su ppl e men t
what I have w i tt n i d p nd ntl y
r e n e e e .
t
1
5 2 HE N RY BARCLAY SWETE
form ,as some of his later c ourses were in the series
of what he called
little bo oks intended for the

clergy and educated lay men and w omen of the

Church .

No true estimate of the value of his w ork as a

serene and mellow th ought and o ffer an abundant

harvest to be reaped by learned and unlear ned
readers alike The rst of these books Th
.
,
e

App r nc s of our Lord f t r th P ssion

ea a e a e e a

was foll owed by Th As c nd d C hris t

e Th
e e e

Las t D is cours e and Prayer o f o ur L ord

The H ol y Ca thol ic Chur ch : the C ommunion f
o

S aints and The Forg iv e ness of S ins

No modernist of any school will get here e xactly

what he wants he will nd the way opened and will

be travelling easily along it till the road that seemed
to be leading further on is suddenly blocked and
he is brought to a standstill But he will have .

learnt much on the w y and he as wel l as all the

a , ,

o ther readers who are taken as f r as they want to a

o will regret that the ser i es ended with out the

g ,
18

v olume on The R s urr ction of th B ody fo which

e e e r

the Emeritus Pro fessor was preparing when ol d ,

o nly in years and some physic al frailty still full o f ,

plans fo future lectures and books he was called

r ,

away from the fruit ful c ourse o f w ork which seemed

still to lie before him .
 LECTURER AN D PREACHER 1 5 3:

Dr . S we te as Prea cher .

Dr Swete was always the same He had no

. .

di fferences of manner or of style The quiet eve n .

,

delivery of his Lectures and the same happy phr s a

ing and nish marked his Serm ons and the special ,

Christian grace of m x never failed him He a

'
eza .

avoided burning questi ons and arresting themes

in preaching Indeed he would say he was no

.

preacher though he was always ready to help a

,

friend (
as he told me once when I asked him to
preach in Pembroke Chapel) and his University ,

Serm ons on speci l occasi o ns shewed him fully

a

alive to the tendencies of the time and the needs of

the xture When he came back to us last year
.

fr om his retirement at Hitchin as the Lady

Margaret s preacher at our Commemorati on o f

Bene factors he deli vered with unusual vigour a

serm on full of h ope and encouragement as regard s
the future that would open out be fore us a fter the
War in the highest measure statesman like and
,
-

liberal ready to welc ome the new dev l ope m nt of

,
e e s

studies and teaching that w ould be cal led for and ,

sure that the highest traditi ons of the past would

still be handed on We had feared that the l ong
.

list of bene fact ors to be recited and the sermon

itsel f w ould be too great a strain on his voice and
his strength but he sto o d it as well as a man in hi
,
s

prime and was singularly blithe and happy all the

1
54 HE N RY B ARCLAY SWETE
rest of the day I h ope that the Sermon will be
.

reprinted in permanent form it was a ne i ll ustra :

t ion of the person al ity of the preacher and a great

,

e xpressi o n o f the ideals by which and fo which a r

great Univer sity lives .

I must be all owed to quote three passages here .

The Sermon was on The House of Wisdom

(Pr overbs ix 1 . and in these pa ss ages Dr Swete

, .

shews his con ception of the kind of rebuilding that

is called for and the fo undation on which it should
rest .

N o true son of Cambridge will complain of

any widening of her studies which the new con
ditions of English li fe may be found to require .

It i s a common place that a new England will

-

ari se out of this war an England which has ,

broken with past weaknesses and follies and will ,

reach forth toward the tasks to which a new sense

o f Empire and a new leadership in the c ouncils

o f Europe may presently call her And a new .

England less insular more imperial more con

, , ,

scious of her missi on to the w orld must set ,

hersel f rst of ll to raise the intellectual train

,
a ,

ing of he r people Al ready we hear the s ounds

.

o f axe and hammer at w ork upon English

e ducation the wrecker must needs go be fore the
builder and some of our cherished traditi ons
,

must make r oom for a new learning Such .

changes pressed upon us by the national will

, ,

are not to be jealously resisted at all points It .

bec omes us not to Cling to the ol d in such wise

as to re fuse all that is new to rise to the call of
1 56 HE N RY B ARCLAY SWETE
schools T heirs was a larger and nobler aim
.
:
to spread g o od learning of every sort that by so
,
domg they mi g ht provide England with a suc
cession of men able to ser ve G od both in Church
and State They realized that riches and h on our
.

are with Wisdom durable riches better than

,

gold ; that the wealth of a trained and well

stored mind is incomparably greater than any
that can be gained by commercial success And .

yet they had no desire to found a home for intel

lectual recluses men whose laborious lives silen t
, ,

in the silence of great libraries and museums ,

have no e nd in view beyond the enrichment of

their own store : men who contribute nothing to
the advancement of knowledge n othing to the ,

service of mankin d It was not an unproduc

.

tive school that they desi ned but one produc

.
,

tive of the best fruits uits of learning and,

science imparted to younger generati ons

, ,

whether by oral teaching o in books fruits of r ,

public service borne outside this place in the ,

H ouses of Parliament at the bar in the hospital

, , ,

in the parish in the oversea dominions and

,

col onies of the Empire wherever throughout ,

the world the Englishman lives and works for

the glory of God and the go od of men Such .

fruits this University has borne and is bearing

t o d ay with the true productivity of Wisdom
, ,

fying the educational principles which our

ders and bene fact ors had at heart .

But we have bee n taught that the true produc

tivity o f Wisd o m has its r o ots in the fear o f the

Lord .

 LECTURER A ND PREACHER 1
57
The worth of a University education must not
b e estimated by the e xtent to which it can be made
t o minister to material prosperi ty Its inuence .

o n character on mental habits on the spiritual side

, ,

o f li fe
, must not be overlooked o disregarded r .

The University as such must jeal ously guard and

, ,

maintain the place which worship and religious

t eaching have had in the past in its pr ovisi on for

the intellectual needs of its students .

It would be a l oss incalculably great if Chris ,

tian ideals and Christ ian faith and hope died ou t

am ong either the senior o the junior members r

o f the University and their place were taken by

,

a mere love of cultur e seas oned by a hal f pa an

ethic Culture is not wisd om if it lacks the fear
,

o f G od it is a tree with out roots a house built ,

up on th sands it may have reached per fecti on

e ,

as men count perfection whereas in truth a ,

beginning has yet to be made N ot so d oes .

Wisd om build her h ouse ; she begins by laying

a foundation on the r ock and the rain descends
, ,

and the o ods come and the winds beat upon

,

her house and it falls not It is this which has

,
.

given ou ancient Universities a permanent

r

place in the nati onal li fe and it is by adhering to

,

this principle that their stability will be secured

in the days that are c oming .

In this serm on we hear Dr Swete giving .

d ignied and eloquent e xpression to th oughts meet

fo the pulpit of a University on o ne of the occa
r

s i ons which call fo the best the preacher has to

r
1
5 s HE N RY BARCL A Y SWETE
o ffer the commemorati on of the bene factors of

the University at a grave moment in its long

hist ory Yet the Regius Pro fessor of Divinity
.

was at least equally happy and at home in the pulpi t

o f an ordinary and especially a country parish
, ,

church Here his pastoral instincts and his long

.
,

e xperience as rector of a country parish had ful l ,

scope and he gave the congregation of his best

,
.

He was under no illusion as to their capaci ty to

take in new ideas When a younger friend was by
.

way of giving up a p ost in Cambridge for the

charge of a country parish he plied him with
reasons why he should stay where he was and ,

especially urged him to aband on any thought of

nding a country parish the place in which he coul d
h ope to advance the cause of learning .

I ll give you an e xample he said I pre ched a

,
.

a .

sermon once in which I tried to e xplain the acc ount

o f the Creation I noticed one ol d man who was
.

specially attentive When I met him a fterwards .

and said Go od morning John he began O h

, , ,

, ,

S ir I did like that there sermon o f yours on Sun da y

,
r

ab ou t Creation when you told us as ow God made

,

everything out of The one idea he

had had all his li fe was the one idea he got from the
sermon But Dr Swete was not an xious to sprea d
. .

new ideas or new points of V iew The task of .

presenting old truths for the most part in old way s

was as congenial to him as it was welcome and
 C O N CLUSI O N
IN bringing this review of Dr S wete s contrib u .

tion to theol ogical learning to an end I am ,

c onsci ous that to some of those who know his

,

work best and have learnt to admire and love him ,

I may seem not always to have d one full justice to

my subject N o lesser person who attempts to
.

form an estimate o f a great scholar s work can

escape from his own limitati ons I must be con .

tent if I have indicated sui cientl y the general

character and quality of the debt which all students
o f Theology owe to on e o f the greatest in the long

r oll of our Cambridge Regius Pro fessors of

Divinity The variety and volume of his pub
.

l ished work is shewn by the bibliography which

fo ll ows Any one of the larger books w ould be
.
1

enough to establ ish securely its auth or s place in

the highest rank of scholars There is not a single .

1 i i li g phy w
Th s b b o ra as o ffere d toThe J ournal cf Theol og ical
S tudies, whi h D Sw tc r . e e foun de d, and t he g reat er art of it p
drawn up , by Mr . C . H Turne r,
. t he rst e i
d tor of t he

J ournal , as a mal l
s c on tr i b ut i n t t h p p t ti
o o e er e ua on of Dr .

S
we te s memory . I t is p i t d h b y p mi i
re r n e e re er ss on o f t he

p i
ub l shers of t he J ournal (T h e C l nd n P
are O xf d)
o re ss, or .

1 60
 C O N CLUSI O N 161

article or paper in the long list which is not fo its ,

r

purpo se and scope on the same high level of learn

,

ing and sch olarship and judgement and of dignity ,

and felicity of e xpression It is an amazingly rich .

output hardly I suppo se to be e qualled in its

, , , ,

v olume and its variety And yet so f as I can

.
,
ar

judge Dr Swete s c ontribution to theological learn

,

.

ing is to be found quite as truly and as fully in the

o ther spheres o f his practical activities to which

r ference ha been made Warmly and grate fully

'

e s .

as I have for many years appreciated his w ork and

valued the privilege of ass ociation with o full and s

ripe a sch olar and o graci ous a pers onality as his

s ,

I feel that the e ffort to see such a li fe s work as a

whole reveals it as a gi ft of even greater prop or

'

ti ons and m ore enduring worth than I had k nown

it was Merely to pass in review the achievements
.

o f a w orker o ne and inde fatigable as Dr Swete

s .

is what we cal l a liberal education in itsel f I

1 .

trust that what I have written is at least o far as ,

s

it g oes a fairly tru e re xion of the impressi on

,
e

made by the pers onality and work of Dr Swete on .

th o se of his own generati on who are best able to

appraise it at its real w orth In the special study .

to which his li fe was given up we have reached a

p oint on the well tr odden highway fr om which

-

many paths diverge There are sc outs al ong them

.

all Which way the army of students of the future

.

will pass is still uncertain Though fo my own . r

1 62 HE N RY B ARCLAY SWETE
part I cannot doubt that there will always be need
for some to tread in the fo otsteps of such as Dr .

Swete yet it may be that a later generation will

,

look back on him as one of the last of the great

scholars of his type I f that be so a memoir such
.
,

as this will have failed of its purpose if it does not

shew that his pl ace is in the inmost ring of the
"

circle In any event it will have failed entirely if

.

it does not represent him to members of the Church

o f England which he loved without reserv e and to ,

members of the University over the most ancient

F aculty in which he presided to students and

teachers in both these great S ocieties alike as an

ideal student and teacher endowed with rare

,

abilities and gi fts which he used untiringly with

,

S in ular zeal and humility in their service What

g
ever fu ture may lie be fore the stu dy of Theology
in Church or University the tradition of scholar
,

ship and charity of faith and of hope ;which Dr

,
.

Swete bequeaths to us is one to inspire and to guide ,

students of any subject in any age He has reared

his own m
.

onument of pro found learning and sensi

tive workmanship It could only have been built
.

up so rmly in its large and delicate proportions

, ,

by one who set the things of the spirit above al l

else and wherever those things are prized he wi l l ,

be honoured and his mem ory cherished .

1 64 HE NR Y BARCLAY SWETE
in t he deanery of Axb r i dg Fe, eb r uary 2 6, 1 863 . By
H B S we te M A
. .
,
. .
,
Fdl l ow of C ai us C ol l eg e ,
Cam
i
b r dg e, and C ura te of B l ag don, S omers et . L ondon :
W erthe m Mac ntosh and H unt , 2 4 i i P at e rnos t er

Row and 2 3 H ol l es S treet , C avendi sh S q uare . 1 863 .

P ri c F ourp ence e .

Pp 1 6 . .

3, 4 .
[ 1 863 1[ .
1 866 1 .

S . PAU L S E P IST L ES THE E P IST L ES To THE THESSA

.

LO N I A N S W ITH A N I N TR O DU C TI ON E X P L A N AT O R Y
.
,

NO TES PRA C TI C A L TH O U G HTS A N D PRA Y ERS FO R

, , ,

PRI V ATE A N D F AMI L Y US E B y Edw d H eadl and . ar ,

MA . .
,
R ector of B roadwey, D ors et ,
l at e F el l ow of

C ai us C ol l eg e C amb ri dg e , ,
an d S en i or C ur a t e of

S . Mary l eb one ,
L ondon ; and H enry B arcl ay S wete ,
.

MA . .
,
F el l ow of C ai us C ol l eg e ,
an d C urat e Of

B l ag don, S omers et . L ondon : Hatchard an d Co .

,

1 87 Pi cc di l l y a . 1 863 .

( he
On t f
r evers e s ide o the titl e-p ag e)
Whence is i t that [thi s b l essed Ap os t l e] dwel l s u p on
the l ip s of al l men th oughout t he wo l d r r that he is
a dmi d not among t ou el ve
re s rs s a l one, b ut
even a mong s t J ews a nd G re ek s ? I s it not from
t he exce l l ence of his E pi t l e
s s W hereb y he b ene
te d the fa thful , i not onl y of t hat a g e , b ut thos e

who l ived f om hi r s day t o ours e

y ,a a nd i
w l l ye t
b ene t t hose that are t o b e un t il t he com ng ofi
C hri s t .

S Chry sos t de S ace rd iv 7 . . . .

fol l ow e d by the Col l ect for the feas t of the Convers i on of

S t Paul .

0
( n the l a s t p g )
a e

B ehol d he co met h wi t h cl ouds even s o,

Amen .

R ev . i 7 .

Pp . xxx v, i 35 206 .
 BIBLI O GRAPHY 1 65

S . PAU L S E P IST L ES TH E P IST L E To THE G A L ATIA N S

. E ,

W ITH A N I N TR O DU C TI ON (B e b fo s ave th t M . as e re, a r

S w t i n owd s ib d on l y s F l l ow of C i us C ol l eg )
e e s e cr e a e a e .

L ondon H t h d nd Co 1 87 Pi c di l l y B ook
: a c ar a .
,
c a ,

sel l e t o H R H t h P i n s of W l e
rs . .1 866 . e r ce s a s . .

(
O n the rever s e s ide o f the titl e-p ag e)

C i
hr s t s G os p el is not a C eremoni al Law (
asmu ch
of Moses Law was)
b ut it is a rel i g i on to serve God,
n ot in b ondag e of t he g ure or Sh a dow, b u t in t he
free dom of t he S pi i t
r .

P r e face t o t he B ook of

C ommon P ray er .

ol l owed
f by the Col l ect for the feast o f the Ci r cumcis i on .

Pp . xvi, 1 7-1 60 .

I
[ n t he p efac to t hr li of t h t wo vol umes it i
e e ea r er e s

exp l i ned t h t t h P act i

a l Thoug hts P y
a nd e r ca ,
ra e rs , a

s l e t i on of H ymn
e c b id th t ct i on of t h s, es es e rs se e

I nt odu t i on we e M H dl nd wo k t h e t
r c ,
r r ea a

s r ,
e r s

M S wet
r b u t e h di to f

e s : l y nd c ful l y ac e r re e a are

v i ed t h ot he s p o ti on ]

re s e r r .

5 .

E N G L A N D V ERSUS R O ME A B RIE F HA N D B OO K OF THE

R O MA N C ATH O L I C C ON TR O V ERS Y FO R THE USE OF
MEM B ERS OF THE E N G L ISH C HUR C H B y H n y . e r

B ar cl ay S we t e , M A F el l ow of G onvi l l e
. .
,
a nd C a i us
C ol l eg e C amb ri dg e
,
.

drr dp xs 8% 013 yyove v oiir wg .

R iving tons : L ondon, Oxford, a nd C amb r dg e i .

1 868 .

(
O n the r ever se s ide o
f the titl e-p ag e)

S he mourns t hat t ende r hea rts shoul d b end

B efore a meaner s hri ne ,

And p on S i nt o Ang l Sp end

u a r e

The l ov th t S houl d b Thi n

e a e e .

(f m thero C hri s ti an Y ear ) .

I 66 HE N RY BAR CLAY SWETE
0
( n the l as t p g )
a e

MQ n a rw mz e c OA I Xn ai

U APA K N Tr} n op ahoee fc u
driO I c

U l CTE l

To nc .

Pp v iii
.
,
2 24 .

5 b . An I tal i an trans l ation of the above .

PARA G ON E D O TTRI N A L E TRA L A C HIESA R O MA N A E L A

C HIESA I N G L ESE En i o B

Pe S wete del l . r r c .
,

U n i v i ta di C mb i dg
ers L i b e i a L oe che a r e . r r s r

To i no F i en e e R oma
r ,
1 872
r z . .

Pp 2 22
. .

6 .

ON THE AR L Y H IST O R Y OF THE D O C TRI N E OF THE

E
H O L Y S P IRIT W ITH ES P E C IA L RE F ERE N C E To THE
:

C ON TR O V ERSIES OF THE FO URTH C E N T U R Y B y .

H B S wet e M A F el l ow and Tutor of G onvi l l e

. .
,
. .
,

and C ai u C ol l ege Z p Hv ij
s C amb i dge . i ev et ua . r :

D i ght on B el l and Co L ondon G eorge B el l and

e , ,
.

S ons . 1 873 .

(
O n the r everse s ide o f the titl e o

p age )
D eus Qui corda del ium S anct i S pi ri t us il l ustratione
docuis ti : da nob s i in E odem S pi ri t u r ect a sa pe e r

et de B j us semp e r cons ol atione g a nde re .

p er

D omi num nostrum . in unitat e E j us dem S pi ri t us .

0
( n the l as t p g )
a e

ml ITAT Pl n
'

p n e l A622 T I M F
I Kat WPOC KYN HC I C
.

y yi d Adm)

ey n TQ c YNANA p xo) a ro ? s Ka l XM A 7 Q
m Kai

n a n ar l z won o n
Q n Ney M AT I , Nf N KAl e l c Toi c
me

dTGAGYTti TOYC Airti 1 a m Al c co N. & M 14~ .

Pp . 1 00 .

7-i l 1 875] .

THE O D O RU S J U N I O R DE PR O C ESSI ON E
LAS CA R I S ,

S P IRIT U S S A N C TI O RATI O A P O L O G ETI C A Ad dern .

codicum e didit H B S wete C ol l C onv . .

,
. .

S J oann I 7 2 2

Cai S oc iv Bo w i v Londini
'

. . o. . . . .
,
I 6S HE N RY B ARCLAY SWETE
G onvi l l e and C ai us C ol l eg e C amb ri dg e I n t wo ,
.

vol umes . Vol I I nt roduct i on

. . G al at i ans C ol os .
-

i
s ans . i
E d t e d for t he S ynd cs of the i U nivers i ty
P ress . C amb r dg e : at the U n vers ty
i i i P res s . 1 880 .

( he
On t r everse side o
f the tabl e of contents p . viii )
q ui d fo te mi nu
Si r s int el l eg ens Theodorus mal e
sc ip s i trui cit no b i s s r eS ue re ne c s ub a na t he ma t e
, p ,

conde mnat e haere ticum en i m non human ae

inrmi tatis i gno anti a p e vi c ci a faci t

r ,
s ed r a .

F acund H erm . . c . M ocian .

Vol . II : mil ar titl e-p ag e

a si ,
save f or the f ol l owi ng

In two vol umes Vol I I . . . I . Thess al oni ans- P hi l e

mon . App e ndi ces . I ndi ces I 882 .

(
0 n the r everse s i de o f the tabl e of contents : vii i )
E o me N As I Aon o mb Te p 0 N n e p i T i m ie p& ~ M cb N
'

KAI OG IA N r p acb rm Al ar e e N A I , e i Kai e N n oM oT

c

i meeia c P hot

n a p a cy p er w T c c . . bi bl i oth . cod .

cl xxv ii .

Pp . l xxxv iii , 31 2 ; v iii , 378 .

II , 3 [1 887,
1 2, I . 1 89 1 ,

T HE OLD T ESTAM N T I N G REE K A CC O RDI N G T O TH E E

S E P TUA G I N T Edi t e d fo t h S yndi c of t h U ni . r e s e

ve s i t y P r s by H n y B cl v S we t D D res e r ar a e, . .
,

H ono a y F l l ow of G onvi l l r nd C i us C ol l g
r e e a a e e .

Vol I G ene i s 4 Ki ngs

.
C mb i dg
.
at t h s
. a r e : e

U ni ve s i ty P 1 887 r ress . .

Vol . II : a si mil ar titl e p ag e -

,
s ave f or the f ol l owi ng

chang es

by H enry B arcl ay S we t e, D D . F el l ow of Gonvi l l e

.
,

and C ai us C ol l eg e R eg i us ,
P rofessor of D i vi ni ty .

Vol I I I C hroni cl es Tob i t

.
1 89 1
.

.

Vol I I I : a s imil ar titl e p ag e s ave i n the fol l owing

.
-
,

by H enry B arcl ay S we te , D D . .
,
Hon . Litt D . .
 BIBLI O GRAPHY 169

D ub l i n F el l ow ,
of G onvi l l e a nd C ai us C ol l eg e ,

R eg i us P rofessor of D i vi ni ty . Vol I I I H ose a

. .

4 Maccab ees . 1 89 4 .

r the ca noni ca l book s , before the Ps al ms o S ol omon

(f
A te f
p 764)
.

p ocAe XOM N O I c Ay p l e p oYC AMi M
'

7 070 n CI N .

A
(fter the Psa l ms o f S ol omon, before the Canticl es :

P 788)
AM o? Nr ec aYToi c wM M oTc Ka i M N0 | C KAI (p Aai c

TYN GYM AT I Ka l c .

(
I n each vol u me before the App endix of
,
unsubsta ntial

var iants I 804 , II 8 50, III 8 1 4)

I NA M 14 T l cin dAH ra n

.

Pp . xxv iii ,
82 9 xvi, 880 : xx , 880 .

I I b, 12 b, 13 b . S econd edition f
o the a bove : Vol . I 1 89 5,

Vol . II 1 89 6 , Vol . III 1 89 9 .

1 1 c, 1 2 c, I 3c . Third editi on o f the a bove : Vol I . 19 0 1 ,

Vol . II 1 9 07, Vol 111 1 9 1 2

. .

I I d . Fourth edition o f Vo l . I of the above ,

1 9 09 .

14 . 8
[ 9]
8 I . E xcerp ted from Vo l I I ~
.
f
o the a bove, No . 12,

thoug h p ubl ished befor e i t .

T HE PSA L MS I N G REEK A CC O RDI N G T O THE S E PTU A

G I N T E di ted for the S y ndi cs of t he Uni vers i ty
.

P res s H enry B arcl ay S we te D

by ,
. D .
,
H onorary
F e l l ow of G onvi l l e and C ai us C oll eg e . C amb ri dg e :
a t t he U ni v ers i ty P ress 1 889 . .

(
B etween the pr eface and the text p . xv)

f ey me l waM Tw

e TI C ; .

AI AA C KO NTE C KAI Noy eeTo ? NTe c aYToy c wM M oTc .

Pp . xvi, 2 1 3 4 1 6, []
1
1 7o H E NRY B ARCLAY S WE TE
14 b .

S econd editi on o f the a bove, with the Canti cl es a dded,

1 89 6 .

B efore the Canticl es

mI

i NA M A T I a n o AH .

Pp . xv i, 8
79 -8 1 2
, []
1

15 . E xcerp ted fr om the s econd editi on o

f Vol . III
o f the a bove, No . I 3b .

THE PSA L MS O O M ON W ITH THE G REEK F RA G

0F S L
M E NT S OF THE B K OF E NO C H E di t d f th OO . e or e

S y nd U ni versi ty P ress b y H enry B arcl ay

ic s of t he
S we te D D Hon Lit t D D ub l i n F el l ow of
,
. .
,
. . .
,

G onv i l l e and C ai us C ol l ege R eg i us P r ofessor of ,

D i vi ni ty C amb ri dg e : at the U ni versi ty P ress

. .

1 89 9 .

( f
B e or e the Ps a l ms f
o S ol omon p . v iii )
bocAe xOM NO I C Mp

TOT
O n ow l e p oycaAraM .

( f
B e or e the f g
r a ments o f E n och p . 24 )
n p od
'
meyc
r eN As Ka i TOYTO I C

BAOM oc & n d AM M
'

E N x

16
.
[ 1 89 2 L
THE AP O C R Y P HA L GO S P EL OF ST PE T ER THE G REEK
TEX T OF THE N E W L DIS C O V ERED F RA G ME N T Y .

L ondon : Macmi l l an and Co . : and New Y ork .

1 89 2 . P
[ refa ce si gn ed H . B .

0
( " P ag e 1 5 )
H OM O} TTG XGIPHC A N ei NAToCZAC GAI A l tarHe m
-
.

6 TC : & 11 A NTO) N Te XN fTHc Adroc d KaeHM Noc n l
Ta mi m e , a ~ e p w ee l c

Ta m XGP O YBIM KAI C YN w

I M I N Ter pa M ombO N To
'

'

TOT C & N 6 p d) 0 l c Aw Ke N l -
,

eifa rr AI O N Nl A TI N GYM AT I C YNe d e NO N

.
,

Pp . I 6 .
 1 72 HE NRY BARCLAY SWETE
( p g
On a e 111 )

c XO N FPA WOJ YM I N H A PA KM Q N e rra rw N i
' ' I

A Na r KH N
'

2 6 09 n? XH AE O air [
TTAPAAO GGIC H TOT O l e n icr e u
-
.

Pp . 1 12 .

l gb . S econd editi on of the a bove w th i correct ons i

an d s l i g ht a dd i ti on s . R
[ e p r i n t e d 1 8 99 ,
1 9 0 5,

20 .

F AITH I N ITS RE L ATI O N To CREED T H O U G H T A N D ,

LI FE Th e ho t dd ess b y H B S w te D D
. re s r a r es . . e ,
. .
,

Hon Lit t D D ub l i n R g i us P of so of D i vi ni ty
. . .
,
e r es r ,

C mb i dg
a M anentdes sp es c itas P ub l i h d
r e .
, ,
ar . s e

u nd t h di ct i on of th Tr ct C ommi tt
er e Lon re e a ee .

don , 1 89 5 .

Pp .
48 .

21 .

C H U R C H S ER V I C ES A N D S ER V I C E -B OO K S B EF O RE THE
R E FO RMATI ON B y H enry B arcl ay S we t e D D .
,
. .
,

Lit t D R e g i us P rofe ss or of D i v i ni ty C amb ri dg e

. .
, ,
.

P ub l i shed under the di recti on of the Tract Com

mit tee L ondon S oci e ty for P romot i ng C hri s t i an
.

K nowl ed e
g . 1 89 6 .

O
( p g )
n a e 2

To M B S . . .

Pp . 2 30 .

ON T H E B U LL APOS TOL I CA E C UR A E . A l e c t u re
de l iv e r ed at t he D i v i n i ty S chool , C amb ri dge ,
on

F r i day Nove mb er 6 1 89 6 b y H enry B ar cl ay S we te

, , , ,

D D F el l ow of G onv i l l e a nd C a i us C ol l eg e R e g i us
. .
, ,

P rofessor of D i vi ni ty C amb ri dge : Macmi l l an and .

B owes . 1 89 6 .
 B I BL I O G RAP H Y 1 73

O
( P g 4)
n a e

M B mi AI N e G) AoyAe fac N xe cee .

Pp . 28 .

T HE GO S P EL A C C O RDI N G To S T MAR K : T HE G REEK

T E X T WIT H I N TR O DU C TI O N N O T ES A N D I N DI C ES , ,
.

By H enry B ar cl ay S wet e D D Hon Lit t D ,

. .
,
. . .

D ub l i n R eg i us P rofessor of D i vi ni ty and F el l ow of
,

G onvi l l e and C ai us C ol l eg e C amb ri dg e London ,

.

Macmi l l an and Co L i mi t ed New Y ork : The .

,
.

Macmi l l an C omp any 1 89 8 . .

(
O n the r ever se s i de o
f the titl e-p ag e)

D eu s q u i n ob s
p m i i
ni s t er
e r i u m b ea t i M a r ci E v a n

g e l is t a e t u i v eri t at e m e v a n g e l ii p a t e e ri v ol u is t i :

conce de q uae s u mus u t q uod ab i l l i ns or e didicimus

, ,

g at i a t ua adiu t i Op erari val eamus

r Per I es um .

Chris tum D omi num nos t rum Amen . .

0
( n the r ever s e s ide o f the Tabl e o f Contents : p . v iii )
M APKO N o N M A BcO N (i re M 6 1 8 mm ?

cr m

rAp

I . co

M O I eY Acn dzem l { M AC
'

p cr o c e l o AI A KO N IA N . H

M zi p Koc d y l oc M O Y .

Pp . ex, 4 12 .

2 3b . S econd edi tion o f the a bove .

Titl e-p ag e as before, save for the additi on o f Hon D D . . .

,

G l as g ow (after Hon Litt D . . .

,
D ub l i n) and the year
1 9 02 .

On the r evers e s i de o
f the Ta bl e o f Contents a third motto
is a dded

W PKOC M N, p M H Ne YT Hc TI Tp oY re Ndme Noc , S e a

M N HM dNeYC G N AKp I BIb c rp awe N
'

Pp . cxx, 4 34 .
1 74 H E NRY B AR CL A Y S WE TE
24 .

AN I N TR O D UC TI ON To THE OLD T ES T A M E N T I N G RE E K .

By H enry B arcl ay S we te D D Hon Lit t D ,

. .
,
. . .
,

D ub l i n Fel l ow of G onvi l l e and C ai us Col l ege R egi us

, ,

P r ofess or of D i vi ni ty . W i th an a pp endix con

t i ni ng
a the L e t t er of Ari s te as ed i t ed b y H St J . .

Thack eray, M A . . C amb ri dg e : at the U ni versi ty

P ress . 1 9 00 .

(
O n the reverse s ide o f the titl e -p age)

m

i e re p cb TA T KNA 7 c
'

Te KNA coy, Zel o w , e rrl rel

EM HNw N

.

(
0 n the fol l owi ngp g )
a e

E B E R HA R D O NES T LE PH E T T H D Vi o S I OV I S . . . R ,

ALI vs , DE H I S S TVD I I S O P TIME MERIT O HVI VS

O P ERIS A D I VTO R I HVM AN I S S I M O .

Pp . xiv, 59 2 .

24 b . S econd edition o f the a bove, revised by R R . .

Ottl ey .

AN I N TR O D UC TI ON To T HE OLD T ES T A ME NT I N G RE E K .

By H enry B arcl ay S we te D D Hon ,

. .
,
.

D Litt Oxford Hon Litt D D ub l i n Hon D D

. .
,
. . .
,
. . .

Gl as g ow F el l ow of G onvi l l e and C ai us C ol l ege

, ,

C amb ri dg e R egi us P rofessor of D i vi ni ty Revi sed

,
.

b y R i chard R us den Ot tl ey M A s ome t i me S chol ar ,

. .
,

of Tri ni ty C ol l eg e . W i th an a pp i
end x cont a n ng i i
the Le t t Ari st eas e di ted b y H S t J Thack eray,
er of . .

MA . .
,
someti me S chol ar of Ki ng s C ol l eg e

Cam .

i
b r dge : at t he U ni versi ty P res s . 1 9 14 .

(On th r r l
e eve se s ide o the tit e p ag e
-
f motto as before)
1 76 H E NR Y B AR CL A Y S WE TE

P r ofes s or of D i vi ni ty F el l ow of G onvi l l e and C ai us

,

C ol l eg e F el l ow of t he B ri t i sh Academy
,
. Ka wb.

at m d L on don : Ma cmi l l an and Co

ai . . New
Y ork The Macmi l l an C omp any 1 9 05 . .

Pp . x, 59 9 .

T HE AP O C A L Y P SE OF S T J O H N The G reek Text W i th .

I nt roducti on Notes and I ndi ces B y H enry

, ,
.

B ar cl ay S wete D D Hon Litt D D ub l i n ; Hon

,
. .
,
. . . .

D D G l asg ow ; R eg i us P rofess or of D iv i ni ty and

. .

F el l ow of G onv i l l e and C ai us C ol l eg e C amb ri dge ; ,

F el l ow of t he B r i t i sh Academy L ondon : .

Macmi l l an and Co . 1 9 06 .

(
O h f the titl e-p ag e)

n t e reverse s ide o

E ccl esiam t uam, q u a es u mus ,

D omi ne ,
b enig nus
il l us t ra , ut B ea t i I ohannis i l l umi n at a doct rinis
ad dona p erueniat s em terna Per D om num pi . i .

C oncede, q uaesumus, omnip otens D eus , u t q ui

u nig enit um t uu m R e demp torem nos trum ad cael os
as cendisse credimus ip s i q uoq u e ment e in cael e s tib us
,

hab it emus Per e un dem . .

E xci t a q uaes u mus D omi ne, p ot en tiam t uam e t

, ,

u eni e t mag na nob i s u ir t u t e s u ccu rr e u t auxi l i u m

, ,

g i
ra t ae t u ae q uod no s t ra p eccata p r ae
p e diunt indul

g e nt ia t uae p rop it iationis a ccel ere t .

Q ui u iuis .

O
( p
n . v )
VIR O E V ERE N D O I FREDERI C O
AD M OD VM R HEN
R I C O CHASE S T P E P IS C O P O E I N S I
o
. . . L E A PVD

CA NTA B R I G I E N S E S N VPE R PR O FESS O R I NO RRI

SIA NO O B S E R VAN TI A E ER GO A M I C I TI A E Q VE

S TVD I A o
HAE C A P O C A L Y P TI C A o

Q U A LI A C VM Q VE
DEDI C O
 BIBLI O GRAPHY I 77
O
( p ge
n a xii v id f C nt nt )
re ers e s e o o e s

I O HANN E S APOCALY PTI S TA

C ael um t ransi t ,
ve r i ro at m
i
s ol s uidit , ib i t otam
mentis g ens a cie m
sp ecul a t or S irit al is
p
qu i as s era p hi m sub al i s
Dei u idit faciem .

a udiit in gyro sed s i

q ui cum
d p sal l ant citharoedis

q uater eni p oc s r eres

de Si g i l l o T ini t t i r a s

nos t rae nummo ciuit atis

imp res sit chara cter es .

nol at an s i Si ne meta
u o n e n t s ne I O he ta
q c a e c p p
e uol auit al t us i
t am imp l enda qu a m imp l eta
q
nun uam uidit t ot s ecret a

p u u s homo p u ius
r r .

Pp . cxv i , 335 .

28 b . S econd editi on of the above .

Ti tl e-p ag e as befor e exce p t tha t Hon . C anon of E l y is

s ub s t i t ut ed for F el l ow of t he i
B rit sh Academy .

Pp . ccxx , 338 .

28 c . Third edi tion of the above, wi th fres h P reface

an d r eference t o Dr . H ort
s not es on the Ap ocal yp se .

Pp . ccx x,i 338 . R

[ e p r i nt ed 1 9 1 1 ,

M
1 78 H E NR Y B AR CL A Y SWETE
29 [ 1 9 07 ]
T HE APP EARA N C ES TER THE P ASSI O N OF O UR LO RD AF .

A S t udy in t he e l i st C h i s ti n T di t i on By ar e r a ra .

H n y B a cl y S w t D D R g i us P ofesso of
'

e r r a e e, . .
,
e r r

D i vi ni ty in th U ni ve s i ty of C amb i dge w p
e r r . a

OT
n

E b
o ev {O [ e O m

0
a vr 3 v M a cmi ll n
I/ Ta . 1. T 1 6 1/ a

a nd Co . London : 1 9 07 .

O
( p
n . v ) To E L S . . .

( p
On . vi fa ci ng the F oreword) The Thi rd Day He
R os e ag a ni c o di ng
a c r to t he S cr ip tu res , and

As cende d i nto H av n e e ,
a nd i
S tte th on t he R i g ht
H and of t he Father .

( p
On . xx f acing C hap ter I ) When Thou hads t
ove rcome the s harp ness of D eath Thou di ds t Op en ,

the Ki ng dom of H eave n t o al l B el i eve rs .

Pp . xx, 1 52 .

30 .

ZW E I N E U E E VA N G E LI E N FR AG M E NTE H erausg egeb en .

und e rk l r t von H enry B arcl ay S we t e D D Pro ,

. .
,

fes sor in C a mb ri dg e B onn : A Marcus und E . . .

W eb er s Verl ag 1 9 08 P rei s

M (K l ei ne
. . .

Te xte fii r t heol og i s che u nd p hi l ol og i sche Vor

l es ung en und Ub ungen . H erausg egeb en von H ans
Lie tzmann .

Pp . 16 .

30 b . me in E ng l ishThe sa .

Two NE W G O S P E L F RA G ME N TS Edi ted and ex .

p l ai ned b y H enry B arcl ay S wete D D R egi us ,

. .
,

P rofessor of D i v i ni ty C amb ri dg e C amb ri dg e : ,

.

D ei g hton ,
B el l and Co . 1 9 08 .
1 80 HE NRY B ARCLAY SWETE
(f
A ter S ubj ects and Contributor s : p . xii )
05v, K op te vi, n porr ovp vos
y wpo exe T 3
71 v Geiwv
m x

yp pi
ac v a a w yvun a
d t wok h s
o e e
-
a
y p .

06 2a Seduced iva pr?)

'
n poo o x s dva yt vuro k ovres

Tit . .

Ti m
'
n power crr ep ov i
e rrw
p v vor a wv ne
p i . a I IT GV .

Ka i n
poo xwv Oeiwv dvay varo u p )
e rt . m an g Ka i
-
.

0a ?r u p oA I rews, K oiie 7 d Keir/\ ew va br s,

/p p . a

Ka i (ivor
y o e r ai

inrb 70 8 0v p oi3 .

i
Or g en, ep . ad Gregori urn .

Pp . xii, 5 56 . 8

33 .

,
THE AS C EN DED CHRIST . A S TUD Y I N T HE EA RL I ES T
CHRISTIA N T EA C HI N G H enry B arcl ay S wet e . By ,

D D R egi us P rofessor of D ivi ni ty in the U ni vers i ty

. .
,

of C amb ri dg e ; Hon C anon of E l y ropcopm . .

roqui o m Twov p tv L ondon : Macmi l l an and Co

. .

1 9 10 .

O
( p g
n a e v ) To the memory of C . A S S. . . and

A R S . . .

( p g )
On a e v2

M et A e c rl N To T HC eY

- -
ce Bel AC M YC n I p I O N,

60
mne p cb en

ed e N C A p Kf,

AI KA I dI OH N U Ney M ATI ,
'

(b oot; Arr AO I c

Kp xeu N eeNea
'

,

m cr ey OH

e S N K O/M O p.

A NeAri mcbOH N A6213 .

(On p ag e xvi)

d Kaeri M e Noc e N A6 5 15 To? n ar pdc,

HM AC

e A HC O N .

Pp . xvi, 1 68 .
 BIBLI O GRAPHY I 81

34 .

O N THE AN C IE N T CHUR C H
THE H L Y SP IRIT I . A S TUD Y
OF CHRISTI N T EA C HI N G I N THE A
A GE OF TH E
F ATHERS . By H enry B ar cl ay S we t e , D D . .
,
D Lit t . .
,

R eg i us P rofessor of D i v i ni ty in t he U ni vers i ty of
C amb ri dg e ; Hon C anon of El y ; Hon C hap l ai n
. .

t o t he Ki ng . TO 7rve3p a . Ka i )
r v bp
a . London :
Macmi l l an a nd Co . 19 1 2 .

( p g e v) To t he Memory of E rnes t S ewart

On a t
R ob er ts , M A , Mas ter of G onv l l e and C a us (1 9 03
. . i i

( p g
Oh a e x p recedin
g the F oreword)
cr m M A Noe pd N Si r I O N M O Nore N c H OM
'
-
TI N e Y , , ,

M e p c AS H TON AM O
'

, e y KfN HTO N , Tp ANO N AYNTO N , , ,

(S m-
'
AKIII AYTO N
'
c ach ee , I M A NTO N (b l AA rAOO N , , ,

e y e p y eT l d
'
(b I Aa Nep co I TO N
, Re BA I O N cic AA c AM , , ,

FI M NO N ,H ANTO AY NAM O N H A N e n fC KOI TO N ,Ka i AIA ,

xw p ow U NS YMATOI N Kaea p a m
'
I TA NTcoN N 06 PC) N
Aen r or ATw N .

W sdom of S ol omon i .

( p g
On a e 8
p r eceding Part I )
S A N C TUS S AN C TUS S A N C T U S D O MI N US DEUS SA B A O TH
, , , ,

PLE N I SU N T C A E L I E T TE RRA M A IESTATIS G LOR I A TUAE E .

it

TE P ER O R HEM TE R R AR U M S AN C TA C ON FI TE TU R

E C C L ESI A ;
PATR E M I NM E N S AE MA IESTATIS ,

U E N E A N D U M T UU M U E R U M ET U N I C UM FI LI U M
R ,

SA N C TU M Q U OQ UE PAR ACLE TU M S PI I TU M R .

(On p ag e 1 60
p receding Part I I
P R OF U N DA TUA SA N C TUS S P IRITUS TU U S SE C U N DU M ,

APOS TO LU M S C R U TATU R E T N OV IT E T I N TER P E LL AT O R

, ,

P R O M E TU U S I N E N AR R AB I LI A A M E TiB I L O Q UITUR :

1 82 HE N RY BARCLAY SWETE
ET EGO N AT U RAE SUA B X P N N E TE ER U I GE I TU M T U UM
MAN E N P T N T AM
TI S T N NO MI N E N
O E I C RE A I O IS ON M O D O

E L OQ U A R SED ETIA M I NFAMAB O

H i l ary of P oi ti ers .

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O n p 3 5 6
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Pp viii .
, 429 .

35 .
[ 3]
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T HE IS CO URSE A N D P RA Y ER OF O U R L O RD
L AST D .

A S TUD Y OF S T J O H N X I V X V II B y H enry - .

B a cl ay S wet e D D R eg i us P ofesso of D i vi ni ty
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in t he U nive i ty of C amb i dg e ; Hon C anon of rs r .

El y Hon C hap l ai n t o the Ki ng . .

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London : Macmi l l an and Co . 1 9 13 .

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On a e v To t he Memory of E . H W S
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S A S. . .
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1 84 H E NR Y B AR CL AY SWETE
( p g
On a e v ) E ccl es i ae Ang l icanae
Mat ri Cariss imae .

O
( p
n ag e 2 ) Te p er Orb em Terrarum
S anct a Cont e t ur E ccl es i a .

( p
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revers e s ide o f I I . The C ommuni on of

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Tp oce AHAYeATc
T z
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e KKAHc fA n p OTd N
KAI TTN ey M AC I
'
AI KA w TeTe Ae l Nw N .

Pp . X,

T HE R G I V E N ESS 0 F S I N S
FO . A S TUD Y I N THE
AP O ST L ES CREED By H

. e nry B arcl ay S we t e ,
D D . .
,
D Litt . .
,
E mer t us i P rofes s or of

D i vi ni ty C amb ri dge ; Hon C anon

,
. of Ely ; Hon .

C hap l ai n to the Ki ng .

e
ova
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ia v Exec O vibe dudp umov '

q I I/ a i dp apTia s eir l
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dy ap r ia s,
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dcwvr a c

L ondon : Macmi l l an and Co . 1 9 16 .

O
( p g
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d 6 6 00 ol Kre I p
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AAI KfAc KAI AM Ap Ac KAI oy KAeAp I e? TON NO XO N
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, .

E xod xxx . iv 6 , 7 .

SAN T I C AM APTH, n APAKAHTO N xome N TTPOC TON

'

TTAT p A c o? N Xp I CTON Ai KA I O N KAI Ay Tdc IAAC M dc
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CT I N n e p I Ta m A M APT I I ON HM GI N oy n e p I TCI N
' ' '

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I M eT p
I- A M ONO N AM A KAI n e p I OAOY To? KOC M OY .

I J ohn ii 1, 2 .

Pp . xiv, 1 9 7 .
 B I BL I O GRAP H Y 1 85

40 .

JES U S C HR I S T A S J UD G E from t hence he s hal l co me

t o j udg e t he q ui ck and t he dead .

By H . B S we te ,
.

D D . .
,
l at e R eg i us P rofess or of D i v i n i ty ,

U ni ve rs i ty of Camb ri dge
New Tracts on the .

C reed No v iii : p ub l i she d for t he Nat i ona l

.
,

Mi ss i on b y t he S oci e ty for P romot i ng C hri s ti an

Knowl edge , London .

40 6 [ 7]
I
9 I .

The ab ov e re p i nt r ed in The M eaning of the Creed :

p p on the Ap ostl e C
a ers s

re ed : ed i t ed wi th an

i nt odu t i on b y th R v
r c e e . G . K . A B el l , M A
. . .

London :

41 .

T HE LI FE O F T HE WO RL D To C O ME . S ix Addresses
g i ven b y t he l a t e H enry B arcl ay S we te , D D . .
,

D Lit t
. .
,
P of
E mer t us i r D i vi ni ty
es sor of ,

i
Ca mb r dg e ; F l l ow of Gonv i l l
e e and C a i us C ol l e e
g ,

i
C amb r dg e ;
Hon Canon of . E l y ; Hon C hap l ai n .

to t h Ki ng W i th p o t i t
e . a r ra .

An inh it n in up tib l nd er a ce corr e, a undel ed, and that

fadeth not away, rese rve d in he aven for y ou .

i
S oc ety for p romot i ng C hri s ti an K nowl edg e London ; ,

New Y ork : The Macmi l l an Comp any 19 17 . .

'7
'

(
0 r ever se s i de o f the ti tl e )
0

n the p
-
ag e

I L OO K F O R THE RES U RRE C TI O N OF T HE DEAD A N D ,

THE L I FE OF THE W O RL D To C O ME .

(
0 n the fol l owi ng p g )
a e

To THE FRIE N DS A N D FELL O W MEM B ERS OF I T HE

CHUR C H A T H IT C HI N To W H O M HE CO N ST A N T L Y ,

S P O KE A N D M I N I S T ERE D I A N D WHO G A V E HI M IN ,

RETUR N G OO D W I L L A ND RES P E CT F U L A F FE C TI O N ,
 1 86 HE N RY BARCLAY SWETE
T HESE A D D RESSES ARE DEDI C ATED B Y THE
D ES I RE OF I H E N R Y B AR C L A Y S W E T E .

Pp . xii, 1 1 4 .

B . Articl es and Pap ers .

i .

T HE ROM A N J E W OF T HE FI RS T C E NT U R Y . F rom The

P f r M y 1 8 59 pp 8
[ ] o 3 1 322a : ; -
.

ii .

ON T HE U N IT Y THE Two T ES TA ME N T S F om The

OF . r

Chr istian Advocate and Review Ap i l 1 866 : pp ,

r .

2 44 249 .

iii .

ON THE NE W OR D ER OF MI N ISTRA N TS I N THE CHUR C H

OF E N GLA N D From The Ch istian Advocate and
. r

Review S ep t 1 866 : pp 54 7ff

,
. . .

iv .

Art i cl e H O LY G H O S T in S mi th and Wace Dictionary of

Chr istian B iog rap hy ( L ondon J ohn Murray) V01 iii ,
.

( 1 882 ) pp . 1 1 3- 1 33 .

1 887
[ ]
Ar t i cl e T HE O D O RUS OF MOPS U E S TI A in the sa me
D ictionary vol . iv ( 1 887 ) pp .
9 34 9 48 -
.

vi .

ON T H E I DE N TI I C ATI O N O F A
F S S AN D U N A WIT H ASH D O N .

A p ap er r e ad at a j oi nt meet i ng
\
of t he E ss ex
Archaeol og i cal S oci e ty a nd t he C amb ri dg e Ant i
q u a rian S oc ety , May 24, 1 889 , a n d re r nte d (w th
i pi i
ot hers ) from t he Cambridg e Chronicl e, May 31 a nd

J une 7, 1 889 .
1 88 HE N RY B ARCLAY SWETE
xiv .

Ar ti cl e H O LY SP IRIT in H as t i ngs
s Dicti onary of the
B ibl e (
E d i nb u gh r : T . and T . C l ark) vol ii .
( 99)
1 8
pp .
402-
411 .

xv .

B OO KS STUD Y ON THE T RI N IT Y
To . I n The E xp ository
Times vol x (1 89 9 ) p 5 1 1
. . .

xvi .

Revi ew of NE S TLE

S S ep tuag int S tudi es in The E xp osi
tory Times vol . xi ( 1 89 9 )p .
38 .

xvii .

Not e a pp ended to D r Nes t l e

s Rev ew of D R S W E T E
i
S
The Gosp el according to S t M ark in The E xp ository
Times vol xi (1 9 00) p 330
. . .

xv iii .

Art i cl e LA Y I N G O N OF H A N DS in H t i ng as

s s D ictionary
f
o the B i bl e (
E d i nb u rg h T . a nd T . C l ark) vol iii .

( 9 ) PR
1 00 84 , 8 s .

xix .

R evi ew of The Ap oca l yp se b y E D WA RD WH IT E

B E NS O N somet i me Archb i s hop of C ant erb ury ,
in
The yournal o f Theol og ical S tudies vol . ii (
J a n .

19 0 1 ) pp .
302 -
305 .

E U C HARISTI C B EL I E F I N THE SE C O N D A N D THIRD

C E N TURIES in The you nal of Theol ogi cal S tudies r

vol iii (J a
. n 1 9 )
02 pp 1 6.1 1 77 .
-
.

MATT . xxv iii 1 6

An exp osi ti on g i ven to a g a her
- 20 . t
ing of p as t and p resent memb ers of the C amb ri dg e
 B I BL I O G R AP H Y 1 89

C l ergy Traini ng S chool hel d at W est cot t H ouse , ,

J ul y 7 9 1 902 : p ri nted in The E xp ositor vol vi

-
, .

pp . 24 1- 2 59 O
( ct .

xxi i .

PE NIT E NTI A L D I S CI P L I N E I N- THE F I RS T THREE CE N

TU R I E S in The yourna l o f Theol og ical S tudies vol iv .

(A p ri l 1 9 03 ) PP .
32 1 -
32 7 .

xxiii .

T HE T RUST W O RTHI N ESS OF THE GO S P E L NA RR A TI VE

(the rst three G osp el s) in Critical Questions b ei ng
a cours e of S ermons del i vere d in S t Mark s C hurch

,

Maryl eb one R oad N W B y R ev A F Ki rk ,

. . . . .

p atri ck D D , Rev H B S wete, D D , R ev R J

,
. . . . . . . . . .

Knowl i ng D D , Rev A Rob ertson, D D , R ev W

,
. . . . . . . .

S anday D D , R ev A C H eadl am, M A

,
. . W i th a . . . . .

P reface b y R ev J ames Adderl ey (London : S C . . .

B rown, Langham and C omp any, Ltd .

xx v i .

CHRIST T H E WI S D O M OF GO D . A s er mon p reached in

t h C hap el of S el wy n C ol l g e
e e ,
at the O en ngp i serv ce i
of t he Meet i ng
C l ergy S ummer J
( ul y I 3 ,
1 9 03 )
p ri nt ed in The E xp ository Times vol . xv 1 9 03 ( ) p .
58 .

xxv .

THE Two G REATEST MI R A C L E S

T HE GO S P EL OF
H IST O R Y A p ap er read at the Northamp t on
.

C hurch C ong ress p ri nt ed in The E xp ository Times

v ol . xiv ( 1 9 03 )p . 2 14 .

xxv i .

T H E TEA C HI N G OF C HR I S T . S ix art cl es i in The E x

p os i tor 6th S er i es vol vii pp . . 8 1- 9 4, 2 59 - 2 73,

4 01 4 1 6
-
; ol
v . viii pp 1 1 6 1 30 .
-
,
2 67- 2 82
, 44 4 55
0-

(F eb ,
A p r. .
,
J une ,
Aug ,
Oct .
,
Dec .
1 9 0 H E NRY B AR CL AY S WE TE

xxv ii .

THE NE W OX Y RH Y N C HUS S AY I N G s . A TE N T ATI V E

I N TER P RET TI O N A . A l e ct ure del i vered at t he
D i vi ni ty S chool , C amb ri dge ,
on J ul y 7, 1 9 04 :

p ri nt d e in The E xp ository Times vol . xv (1 9 04 )

p 4 88
. .

xxv iii .

R evi ew of Outl ines of the Life of Christ b y W S anday .

,

D D in The fi aur na l of Theol og ica l S tudies vol vi

. .
,
.

J
( y
ul 1 9 05 ) pp . 6 1 5 6 1 7 .

xxix .

T HE VISI O N OF
JER U S A LEM (Ap oc xxi 9
T HE NEW .

xxii A p ap er read t o t he C ent ral S oci ety of

S acred S tudy at W es ton sup er Mare on J anuary 5 - -
,

1 9 05 and at W es tcott H ouse C amb ri dg e on March

, , ,

2 7: p i nt ed
r in The I nterp reter vol . i pp .
377 387

and 468 4 78
M
( y
a and J une
xxx
.
T HE GO S P E LS I N THE SE C O ND C E N TUR Y . A l ect ure t o
t he l ad es i ass e mb l ed for B i b l i cal s tudy a t Newnham
C ol l eg e C amb ri dg e
, ,
Aug us t 1 9 07: p i nted in
r The
I nterpreter vol . iv pp . 1 38- 1 55 (
J an .

xxxi .

PR A Y E R FO R THE D E P ARTED in The yourh al f Theo

o

l og ical S tudies vol . v iii J

( y
ul 1 9 07 ) pp .
500-
5 14 .

xxx ii .

T HE OLD T ES T A ME N T I N G REEK Two l ectures g i ven .

at the C amb ri dg e Local Lectures S ummer Meet i ng ,

Ju ly 1 9 08 : p ri nted in The I nterp reter vol . v pp .

17-
33, 1 2 9 1 46
-
(
O ct . 1 908, J an .
1
9 2 HEN R Y BAR CLA Y S WE TE
xl i .

THE R ESURRE C TI O N OF THE FL E SH in The S oum al of

Theol og ical S tudies vol xv .

(J a niii
and A p r 1 9 1 7) . .

pp . 1 35 1 4 1
-
.

xl ii .

i
Rev ew of The M inistry in the Church in r el ation to
Prop hecy and S p ir itua l Gifts b y H J Wothersp oon, . .

in The yournal of Theol og ica l S tudies vol xv iii (

J an . .

a nd Ap r . 19 1 7 ) pp . 2 35- 2 37 .

xl iii .

R evi ew of Reconci l iati on between God and M an b y

W J. . S pa rro i p son
w-S m ,
D D . .
,
in The
i ourna l f o

Theol ogi ca l S tudies v ol . xv iii (J an . and Ap r . 19 17)

PP ~ 2 371
2 38 o

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