A.

Definition of accident and emergency

Emergency is a condition where it can be life-threatening if it does not get immediate help.
Examples: respiratory, cardiac, seizures, coma, head trauma with decreased consciousness.

According to Emergency Nursing is a nursing profesioanal service that is given to patients

with urgent and critical needs.

Accidents are unexpected events (there is no intentional element) and are not expected
because they cause harm, both material and suffering to those who experience it.

B. Emergency Principles

1. The principle of Emergency Nursing

The principle of handling an emergency patient should be prompt and precise and
should be done immediately by every person who first finds out (ordinary people, nurses,
medical personnel, doctors), both inside and outside the hospital because these events can
occur at any time and overwrite whom only.

Emergency conditions can be classified as follows (Collection of Gadar course materials:

2005):

2. Emergency Principles

a. Be calm but deft and think before acting (do not panic).
b. Be aware of the role of nurses in dealing with victims and guardians or witnesses.
c. Conducting a quick and careful review of life-threatening problems (stopping
breathing, palpable pulse, severe bleeding, poisoning).
d. Perform a systematic review before taking action thoroughly. Keep the victim flat or
appropriate (unless there is orthopnea), protect the victim from the cold.
e. If the victim is conscious, explain what happened, give help to calm and make sure it
will be helped.
 f. Avoid unnecessary lift / move, move if there are only harmful conditions.
g. Do not drink if there is an abdominal trauma or a possible estimate of a general
anesthetic action in the near future.
h. Do not move (transported) before the first aid is completed and there is adequate
transportation.
In some types of emergency conditions that have been agreed by the leaders of each
hospital and of course by using the available Protap, the nurses who served in the
Emergency Installation can act directly in accordance with the hospital's fixed procedures
in effect. This role is closely related to the direct patient's life-saving effort.

C. Purpose of emergency

The purpose of emergency is:

a. Prevent death and disability (to save life and limb) in the emergency ward, to live and
function properly in the community.
b. Tackling the disaster victims.

D. The Resposes to The Emergency Patient

Measures Related to basic life support and life support.

Technical medical knowledge to know is to recognize the threat of death caused

by airway disruption, respiratory / ventilation disorders and blood circulatory disorders in
our body.

In an attempt to address these three disorders, first aid efforts should be included
in basic life support including:

a. Airway management

b. Management of respiratory function / ventilation (breathing management)

 c. Management of impaired circulatory functions (circulation management)
After basic life support is fulfilled, continued follow-up or advanced life assistance
includes:

d. Use of drugs (drugs)

e. Performed rhythm examination / heart waves (EKG)

f. Handling in case of cardiac fibrillation (fibrillation)

Especially for cases of cardiac abnormalities knowledge of ACLS (Advanced

Cardiac Life Sipport) after action ABC performed action D (differential diagnosis), for
cases of ATLS (Advanced Trauma Life Support) after ABC followed by D (disability)
and E (exposure )

E. Accident Classification
1. By type of accident
- Fall
- Crashed falling objects
- Pounded or exposed to objects
- Squashed by objects
- Movement beyond capacity
- High temperature effect
- Affected by electric shock
- Struck by lightning
- Contact with hazardous materials
- Etc

According to the source or cause of the accident

a. From the machine

b. Transport equipment and lifting equipment

c. Materials / substances and radiation

d. Work environment

3. According to the Nature of Wounds or Abnormalities

Fractures, bruises, concussions, burns, sudden poisoning, weather, etc.

F. Accidents can be prevented or avoided in the following ways.

1.carry out the regulation with full discipline.
2.apply standardized work that has been used officially.
3.supervise well.
4.put up warning signs.
5.educate and counsel to the community.

G. Ways to Deal with Accidents

a. Filed under: chemistry - Leave a comment April 23, 2010
b. Check and remove unsafe working conditions. Use checklist for problem
identification. If hazards can not be removed, keep watch (eg with a safety fence) or
use protective equipment such as hats, glasses, helmets, or safety shoes as necessary.
c. Through selection, try to sort / remove employees who might easily get an accident
for a job under investigation.
d. Establish a safety policy that emphasizes that the company will make the most of its
efforts to reduce the number of workplace accidents and emphasize the importance of
preventing workplace accidents and injuries on a company or laboratory.
e. Set a controlled / controlled goal that should not fail. Analysis of the number of
occupational accidents and occupational safety incidents, then set targets to be
achieved, for example in the form of the ratio of occupational accidents per number
of employees or labor.