HLTAID003 Provide first aid

Table of Contents
1. Case Study.........................................................................................................................................3
 Recognizing an emergency...............................................................................................................3
IDENTIFYING , ASSESSING AND MANAGING HAZARDS .................................................................................3

ASSESSING THE CASUALTY ......................................................................................................................3

ASSESSING THE SITUATION .....................................................................................................................3

2. Basic report based on research.........................................................................................................3

A. THE STATE/TERRITORY REGULATIONS , FIRST AID CODES OF PRACTICE , AND WORKPLACE PROCEDURES......3
Occupational Safety and Health Regulations.................................................................................4
Methods to control Infections.......................................................................................................4
B . LEGAL , WORKPLACE , AND COMMUNITY CONSIDERATIONS DURING PROVIDING FIRST AID ..........................4

Consent..........................................................................................................................................4
Negligence.....................................................................................................................................4
Duty of care...................................................................................................................................4
Foreseeability & proximity.............................................................................................................5
C. L IST THREE THINGS YOU SHOULD CONSIDER WHEN YOU ARE PROVIDING FIRST AID ..................................5

3. The principles and procedures for first-aid management..................................................................5

ABDOMINAL INJURIES...........................................................................................................................5
PRIMARY CARE OF A WOUND.................................................................................................................5
BURNS.................................................................................................................................................5
CARDIAC CONDITIONS , INCLUDING CHEST PAIN........................................................................................5
CRUSH INJURIES...................................................................................................................................5
DIABETES.............................................................................................................................................6
DISLOCATIONS......................................................................................................................................6
DROWNING..........................................................................................................................................6
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, INCLUDING HYPOTHERMIA , HYPERTHERMIA , DEHYDRATION , AND HEATSTROKE....6
EYE AND EAR INJURIES..........................................................................................................................6
FEBRILE CONVULSIONS ..........................................................................................................................6
HEAD , NECK, AND SPINAL INJURIES........................................................................................................6
MINOR SKIN INJURIES...........................................................................................................................6
NEEDLESTICK INJURIES...........................................................................................................................6
POISONING AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES.......................................................................................................6
SEIZURES, INCLUDING EPILEPSY..............................................................................................................7
STROKE...............................................................................................................................................7
UNCONSCIOUSNESS...............................................................................................................................7
Bibliography-.........................................................................................................................................7
1. Case Study
You are driving, and saw a car accident. You decide to help as you only know first aid in that area.

Recognizing an emergency
An emergency is recognized

By the presence of police, crowd, or both around the area of the accident.

By loud noise of blast or scream.

Any person injured, unconscious, or bleeding around

IDENTIFYING , ASSESSING AND MANAGING HAZARDS

By providing him with a quick First Aid to control blood loss or another injury, and consoling the
victim.

ASSESSING THE CASUALTY

By examining the injuries of the victims visually as much as possible at the spot.

By consoling the victim to keep calm.

By examining the consciousness of the victim.

By calling the EMS for any severe injury.

ASSESSING THE SITUATION

By analyzing the spot of the accident and the surroundings carefully.

By conducting the assessment visually and orally.

2. Basic report based on research

A. THE STATE/TERRITORY REGULATIONS , FIRST AID CODES OF PRACTICE , AND

WORKPLACE PROCEDURES .
THE REGULATIONS OF FIRST AID OCCUR AT THREE-STAGE. THESE AREAS FOLLOW:

Workplace level – by your employer.

State-level (Western Australia) – by the state legislation:

Code of Practice: First Aid Facilities & Services, Workplace Amenities & Facilities and Personal
Protective Clothing & Equipment 2002.

Occupational Safety and Health Act; and Occupational Safety and Health Regulations.
National level (Australia) – by federal law: First Aid in the Workplace Code of Practice, March 2015.

Occupational Safety and Health Regulations

Safety and health in Western Australian workplaces are regulated by the Occupational Safety and
Health Act 1984, or the OSH Act. Their principal objective is to promote the protection and health of
human beings in the workplace. At the workplace, everyone is required to apply safe work practices
at all times. The evidence that the place of work is secure is demonstrated in conducting regular
place of Work Risk Assessments.

Guidelines by ARC for proper CPR and First aid.

“The Australian Resuscitation Council" is a voluntary coordinating body that represents all major
groups involved in the teaching and practice of resuscitation, and produces Guidelines to meet its
objectives in fostering uniformity and simplicity in resuscitation techniques and terminology.

Methods to control Infections

A proper wash of hands with disinfectant.

Wear personal protective equipment (PPE); like, gloves, face mask, etc.

Disinfect the surfaces and equipment used during treatment.

Dispose of waste and sharps carefully.

Stay updated with tools and techniques

Keep yourself updated with the new tools used in the treatment and the latest methods of
treatments. This will keep your skills fresh and won't limit your knowledge.

B. LEGAL , WORKPLACE, AND COMMUNITY CONSIDERATIONS DURING PROVIDING

FIRST AID
Legal, workplace, and community considerations that one should be aware of when providing first
aid are:

Consent

Persons are having no duty to rescue, or facilitate first aid (unless a duty of care is owed). Kindly
note: differences do exist in State / Territory legislation

Negligence

Negligence means imprecision, or the failure to execute task in the manner it should be performed
by the community while dealing with others.

Duty of care

A duty of care arises when, by law, there is a good relationship between one person and another.
Examples: :

– Teachers and their students

– Employers and their employee's employees

– Outdoor adventurers and their clients

Foreseeability & proximity

What is Proximity:

It involves creating that the plaintiff’s injury is directly linked to the area of the defendant as it is the
defendant’s accountability

Foreseeability:

It comprises the action or lack of action of a person or group of persons, resulting in a risk of injury.

C. LIST THREE THINGS YOU SHOULD CONSIDER WHEN YOU ARE PROVIDING
FIRST AID.
▪ Identifying the potential causes of workplace injury and illness.
▪ Check for safety before you start.
▪ Introduce yourself and consult the victim by providing accurate information regarding the
treatment.

3. The principles and procedures for first-aid management

ABDOMINAL INJURIES
Ask your patient to lie down in a comfortable position, basically to the rear side or opposite side of
the injury area. The patient has to lie on their knees, including the relief of pain and spasm. Loosen
any tight clothing, especially at the abdomen and neckline. We should support the patient with
pillows and blankets for comfort, as needed. Give frequent reassurance.

PRIMARY CARE OF A WOUND

Wash your hand, apply gentle pressure with a clean bandage or cloth and elevate the wound until
bleeding stops. Apply any antibiotic or petroleum jelly. Cover the injury and observe for infection.

BURNS
Wash the wound or cut with clean water while applying little pressure using sterile gauze, a bandage
of you can use a clean cloth. If the dressing got wet with blood, use a new dressing on the same also,
continue applying pressure. By raising the injured body part, bleeding can be slowed down. If
bleeding stops, immediately cover the wound with a fresh, clean bandage.

CARDIAC CONDITIONS , INCLUDING CHEST PAIN

If the individual is having a heart attack is unconscious, immediately provide cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR). If you are not trained to give CPR, then perform only chest compressions (about
100 to 120 compressions a minute).

CRUSH INJURIES
Apply direct pressure to control and stop bleeding. Use wet cloth or bandage to cover the area. After
covering the area with bandage as far as possible uplift the area above the level of the heart.
DIABETES
If someone has a diabetic emergency, give them something sugary to eat. This time their blood sugar
levels can become too low. This can make them collapse. Avoid giving them a diet drink, as it won’t
have any sugar in it and will not help them.

DISLOCATIONS
Leave the joint alone as any mistake might end up breaking the bone & nerves of the patient. Cover
the area around the joint with an ice pack you may use the cloth to keep ice pack and cover the area
with cloth.

Use ibuprofen or acetaminophen for pain.

DROWNING
Place the drowning person on their back. Try to call the drowning person and shake their shoulders
to make sure they are responding. If they are unconscious, contact an emergency. If they are, in a
sense warm them up with blanket, or clothes.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, INCLUDING HYPOTHERMIA , HYPERTHERMIA ,

DEHYDRATION , AND HEATSTROKE
Move the person towards a cool place, with minimal or no direct sunlight. Check that the person is
not wearing unnecessary clothing, and place the person on their one hand side so that the person’s
skin will get maximum exposure to the air. Cool the person's entire body by sponging or spraying
cold water, and fan the person to lower the person's body temperature.

EYE AND EAR INJURIES

If any foreign particle or chemical has done any irritation, then pour water into the eyes. If large
particles have poked the eyes, cover the look with a bowl or cup, and run to the doctors. If a small
particle has entered the ears, try pouring it off with water, or see a doctor.

FEBRILE CONVULSIONS .
Gently place the person on the floor. Remove any nearby objects. Place his or her head to a side
which will prevent choking. Removing or loosening any cloth around the head and neck can also
help. Keep eye onsymptoms of breathing problems, including bluish colour in the face.

HEAD, NECK, AND SPINAL INJURIES

Assist the injured person to minimize any movement of their head or neck. If the person stops
breathing or has no pulse, give them Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR).

MINOR SKIN INJURIES

Clot the blood by applying light pressure. Clean the affected area, and disinfect. Cover the affected
area to avoid any infection.

NEEDLESTICK INJURIES
Wash the area gently with soap and apply an antiseptic soon. Get medical advice from your local
doctor or hospital emergency department, preferably within 24 hours. Dispose of the needle safely.

POISONING AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES

Remove the toxic substance as fast as possible, and maintain breathing, blood circulation, and other
vital signs of the patient.
SEIZURES, INCLUDING EPILEPSY
Try to calm the person and stay with them until they are normal. Try to relax them.

STROKE
Comfort the person in the position of lying on one side with their head slightly raised upward. Cheek
for the breathing rate. If the person is not breathing then perform CPR.

UNCONSCIOUSNESS
Raise the victim's legs at least 12 inches above the ground and Loosen any restrictive clothing or
belts. Check their airway and circulation to make sure there’s no obstruction. If these signs are
absent, perform CPR until emergency personnel arrives.

Bibliography-
http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Cardiopul
monary_resuscitation_%28CPR%29?open

http://lmse.parasolemt.com.au/manual.php?subpage=principlesfirstaid

http://www.chess.sa.edu.au/Pathways/firstaidbook09.pdf

http://www.emsfr.com.au/component/guru/guruTasks/4-/12-anaphylaxis-course/110-

casualty-assessment?tmpl=component

http://www.workcover.nsw.gov.au/formspublications/publications/Documents/improvem

ent_standards_occupational_health_safety_injury_management_return_to_work_5302.pd

https://training.gov.au/TrainingComponentFiles/HLT02/HLTFA301B_R1.pdf