2.1.

(1)

1)

+ 1.8m1.8m 609.614t (L=36.21m) (5.0m)

2)

fck = 35 MPa fy = 400 MPa fa = 185 MPa

3)

-

4)
n (h) 4 , n / 4
2

( : , 2007, p126)

(2) (3)

1)

1.8 m 1.8 m 24.0 kn/

2)

35.0 ton 6 0.9 m

3)

12.000

5@900=4.500 7.500 5@900=4.500

~~

4) (kN/wheel)
(Pcv) (Pch)
270.0 27.00
360.0 36.00
311.0 46.65
(:*10%, :15%)
( 10% )
(4)

60.000
1.800
1.500 3.650 10@5.000=50.000 3.650 1.200

1 . 8 0 01 . 8 0 0

1.800
fck
=35MPa
= PLAN =

= SECTION =

(5) ( )

1)
: t = 24.0 kN/m3
SELF WEIGTH

( Wheel )

5 @9 0 0 5@ 9 00 5@ 90 0 5@ 90 0 5 @ 90 0 5 @ 90 0 5@ 90 0 5@9 0 0
= 4. 50 0 7. 50 0 = 4. 50 0 22 . 900 =4 .50 0 7. 5 00 =4 .5 0 0 = 4. 5 00 7.5 0 0 = 4 .5 00 2 2. 90 0 = 4. 5 00 7. 50 0 =4 . 50 0
~

~
C
L o f C
L of
1 .2 0 0 1. 2 00

Moving Load -()

,,
( )

(kN/wheel)

(Pcv) 297.0 360.0 311.0 10%
(Pch) 29.70 36.00 46.65 ()

(6)
1)
: Dt = 0.6096 m = 60.96 cm
: Dt = 0.5816 m = 58.16 cm
: Tt = 14 mm = 1.4 cm
: tr = 2 mm = 0.2 cm
: Db = 0.6056 m = 60.56 cm
: T = 12 mm = 1.2 cm
: L = 36.21 m = 3,621 cm
: An = 0.022378 m2 = 223.8 cm2
: Z = 0.003256 m3 = 3,256.4 cm3
2 : I = 0.000986 m4 = 98,605.2 cm4
: E = 210,000 MPa = ### kg/cm2
 2)
EL. N (m)
1 EL.(+)4.70 ~ EL.(-)1.50 20 6.200 -
2 EL.(-)1.50 ~ EL.(-)7.50 15 6.000 -
3 EL.(-)7.50 ~ EL.(-)13.86 15 6.360 -
4 EL.(-)13.86 ~ EL.(-)15.36 40 1.500 -
5 EL.(-)15.36 ~ EL.(-)25.11 50 9.750 -
6 EL.(-)25.11 ~ EL.(-)31.41 50 6.300 -

3)
Kh = Kho * (Bh/0.3)-3/4 = (kN/m3)
Kho = 1/0.3 * * Eo = (kN/m3)
Eo = 2800 * N = (kN/m2)
Bh = ( D / )1/2 = (m)
= ( Kh * D / 4 E I ) 1/4
= (m-1)

= = 1 (:=1, :=2))
Db = (m) = 0.6056 m
E = = 210,000 MPa
I = 2 = 0.00098605 m
N = N

N Eo Kho () Kho ()
1 20 56,000 1 186,667 2 373,333
2 15 42,000 1 140,000 2 280,000
3 15 42,000 1 140,000 2 280,000
4 40 112,000 1 373,333 2 746,667
5 50 140,000 1 466,667 2 933,333
6 50 140,000 1 466,667 2 933,333

.
Kh = 0.319883 x Db(-9/29) x (Kho)(32/29) x EI(-3/29)
D(-9/29) EI(-3/29) Kho(32/29)- Kh () Kho(32/29)- Kh ()
1 0.3199 1.1684 0.2819 655,163 69,027 1,407,734 148,316
2 0.3199 1.1684 0.2819 476,965 50,252 1,024,843 107,976
3 0.3199 1.1684 0.2819 476,965 50,252 1,024,843 107,976
4 0.3199 1.1684 0.2819 1,407,734 148,316 3,024,765 318,684
5 0.3199 1.1684 0.2819 1,800,760 189,725 3,869,250 407,657
6 0.3199 1.1684 0.2819 1,800,760 189,725 3,869,250 407,657

Kh : (kN/m3)

(m) Kh (kN/m3) Kh (kN/m) Kh (kN/m3) Kh (kN/m)

1 0.6056 69,027 41,803 148,316 89,820
2 0.6056 50,252 30,433 107,976 65,390
3 0.6056 50,252 30,433 107,976 65,390
4 0.6056 148,316 89,820 318,684 192,995
5 0.6056 189,725 114,897 407,657 246,877
 6 0.6056 189,725 114,897 407,657 246,877
4)
= ( Kh * D / 4 E I *1000)1/4 = (m-1)
Kh Db (m) 4EI*1000 (m-1)
41,803 0.6056 828284 0.418
89,820 0.6056 828284 0.506

5) " , 2005, p871"

Lo = 1/ = 1 / 0.418 = 2.392 m ()
1 / 0.506 = 1.975 m ()

(7)
60m
: - ,
-

1) : MIDAS CIVIL ( )
2)
 3) CASE
Case-1 + () + ()
Case-2 + () + ()
Case-3 + ( ) + ()
Case-4 + ( ) + ()
Case-5 + () + ()
Case-6 + () + ()
4)

Case-1 1.2 1.6
Case-2 1.2 1.6
Case-3 1.2 1.2
:1.0
Case-4 1.2 1.2
Case-5 1.2 1.0 :1.0
Case-6 1.2 1.0

Case-7 1.0 1.0
Case-8 1.0 1.0
Case-9 1.0 1.0
Case-10 1.0 1.0
Case-11 1.0 1.0
Case-12 1.0 1.0
1.00 1.35 1.50

2.5 1.5 1.5

10.0 15.0 15.0 (mm)
(8)
1)
Case-7
(kN) -My (kNm)

Case-8
(kN) -My (kNm)

Case-9
(kN) -My (kNm)
 Case-10
(kN) -My (kNm)

Case-11
(kN) -My (kNm)

Case-12
(kN) -My (kNm)
 2)
Case ( )
(P) (My) (Mz)
Case
kN/ kNm/ kNm/ kN/
Case-7 1256.3 156.0 14.7 81.5 13 46
Case-8 1256.3 156.0 54.4 81.5 13 46
Case-9 840.3 93.3 33.7 43.9 9 42
Case-10 931.0 130.8 14.2 69.2 5 34
Case-11 781.0 97.5 45.4 55.1 9 42
Case-12 857.8 135.9 25.0 85.0 5 34

(P) (My) (Mz)
Case
kN/ kNm/ kNm/
1256.3 156.0 54.4 Case-8 13 46
931.0 130.8 14.2 Case-10 5 34
857.8 135.9 25.0 Case-12 5 34

( : STK 490 )


kN/ kN-m/ kN-m/
mm 609.6 *14t 609.6 *14t 609.6 *14t
Case - Case-8 Case-10 Case-12
- 1.00 1.35 1.50
(P) kN 1,256.320 931.000 857.760
(My) kNm 156.040 130.770 135.900
(Mz) kNm 54.400 14.170 25.020
(An) m2 0.0223780 0.0223780 0.0223780
(Z) m3 0.0032564 0.0032564 0.0032564
2 () m4 0.0009861 0.0009861 0.0009861
[ = (I/An) ] m 0.2099130 0.2099130 0.2099130
() m-1 0.379 0.379 0.459
( : ) -1
m 2.639 2.639 2.179
( * / ) - 4.764 4.764 4.764
fcaz kN/m2 171,000 230,850 256,500
fbagy, fbao kN/m2 171,000 230,850 256,500
fcal kN/m2 171,000 230,850 256,500
fc = P/An kN/m2 56,140.85 41,603.36 38,330.50
fbcy = My/Z kN/m2 47,917.25 40,157.26 41,732.60
fbcz = Mz/Z kN/m2 16,705.32 4,351.37 7,683.22
fey, fez kN/m2 52,876,155 52,876,155 52,876,155
fc /fcaz + fbcy/(fbagy(1-fc/fEy))
- 0.707 0.373 0.342
+ fbcz/[fbao(1-fc /fEz)] < 1.0,
< 1.0 ..O.K < 1.0 ..O.K < 1.5 ..O.K
fc+{fbcy/(1-fc/f(1.5)
Ey
)}+[f bcz kN/m2 120,832 86,147 87,782
/(1-fc/fEz)] < fcal O.K O.K O.K
: , , 2008, p65
: , , 2008, p166
 : 5% ( : 2 )

(9)
1)
: 1,523.66 kN/() Case-9, (: 13 , : 1433)
1,360.22 kN/() Case-11, (: 13 , : 1433)

2)
- "2 1 1.4 " 1,806 kN/()
(qa) : 2,709 kN/()
(PV,max) :### kN/() < 1,806 (qa) O.K
### kN/() < 2,709 (qa) O.K

(10)

Case ()
() mm
Case-7 4.4 mm
10 O.K
Case-8 3.0 10 O.K
Case-9 5.3 15 O.K
Case-10 3.6 15 O.K
Case-11 4.1 15 O.K
Case-12 2.9 15 O.K
(11)

-
Vmax = 1,523.66 kN/ : Case - 9
Hmax = 87.04 kN/ : Case - 12
Mmax = 156.04 kN-m/ : Case - 7

1)

V 1523.66
fcv = = = 5735.211 kN/m2
* D2 / 4 * 0.582 / 4
fca = 0.25 * fck 0.25 * 35 Mpa * 1.0 = 8750.0 kN/m2
fcv = 5735.211 kN/m 2
fca = 8750.000 kN/m2 O.K

h = H- = 2.00 - 0.10 = 1.90 m
V 1523.66
v = = = 157.140 kN/m2
* (D+h) * h * ( 0.582 + 1.90 ) + 1.90
v = 157.140 kN/m2 fca = 1000.0 kN/m2 (fck=30MPa ) O.K

2)

H 87.04
fch = = = 1496.561 kN/m2
D* ### * 0.10
fch = 1496.561 kN/m2 fca = 8750.0 kN/m2 O.K

H 87.04
h = = = 0.880 kN/m2
h'* (2 + d + 2h') 0.897 * ( 2 * 0.10 + ### + 2 * 0.10 )
h = 0.880 kN/m2 fca = 1000.0 kN/m2 O.K
(12)
1)
Case-1

Case-2

Case-3

Case-4

 Case-5

Case-6

 2)

(kN) (kN-m) (kN-m)
(+)Max (-)Min (+)Max (-)Min (+)Max (-)Min
Case-1 1776.5 1772.0 4139.2 2612.5 2677.7 1628.4

Case-2 1776.5 1772.0 4139.2 2612.5 2677.7 1628.4
Case-3 1267.8 1301.0 2253.3 1466.3 1877.7 1221.9

Case-4 1449.7 1474.9 2949.8 1460.8 2458.2 1217.3
Case-5 972.2 975.3 1664.6 1113.6 1631.6 1081.2

Case-6 1112.6 1126.5 2143.8 1083.5 2123.8 1071.1

(+ : , - : )
(Su) (Mu) (Mo) (B) (d) (d')

(kN) (kN-m) (kN-m) (mm) (mm) (mm)
(+) 1776.5 4139.2 2677.7 1800 1650 150
(-) 1772.0 2612.5 1628.4 1800 1700 100
(13)
1)

fck 35 MPa fy 400 MPa
Mu 4139.2 kN.m Vu 1776.5 kN Mo 2677.7 kN.m
B 1,800 mm d 1600.0 mm d' 150 mm
f 0.85 v 0.75 2
1 0.801

As f Mu
a = y
As =
a
0. 85f ck b f y d- ( 2 )
a = 90.837 mm
4M u
d- d2
1.445f ck b
, Req.As = 2f y = 7749
1.7f ck b
= As / (bd) = 0.00269 , 4/3 = 0.00359
0.851fck 600
b = = 0.03574
fy 600 + fy
max = 0.851fck c
= 0.02553
fy c + 0.004
, c = 0.003 ( )
min = 1.4 / fy = 0.00350
= 0.25fck /fy = 0.00370 * min = 0.00370
min < :
( req'd) min > min > 4/3 : 4/3 req'd = ###
min > min < 4/3 : min

(d-c)
t = c = 0.04065 0.004 -------- O.K
c
t = 0.04065 , .
, f = 0.85
a
, c = = 113.404 mm
1

y = 0.002 0.65
y ~ 0.005 0.65

( 2.5 x y = 0.005 ) ~ 0.85
0.005
0.85
( fy > 400 MPa 2.5 x y )

( : 2007, p120)
 ( As req'd ) () = req'd b d = 10,339

USE As =H
### @ 120 = 7600.5 [ 15.0 ea/m ] (1)
H
### @ 240 = 4560.3 [ 9.0 ea/m ] (2)
TOTAL = 12160.8 [ p = 0.00422 ] 118 %

Moment check : a = (Asfy) / (0.85fckb) = 90.8mm

: Md = {Asfy(da/2)} =
6427.76 kN.m > Mu = 4139.20 kN.m
[ = 1.553 ]
Shear check ( B= 1800.00 mm, Ln = 5,000 mm )
ln / h 4
ln / h 5,000 / 1800 = 2.778 4
( : , 2008, p182)

Max Vn = 5 fck / 6 b d
= 0.75 5 35 / 6 1,800.0 1,600.0
= 10,648.944 kN Vu (=1776.5 ) O.K.

s= 250.0 mm d/5 ( 320 mm) 300 mm O.K.
Av = H19 - 4.0EA (1,146.000 ) 0.0025 b s (= 1,125 ) O.K

sh = 200.0 mm d/5 ( 320 mm) 300 mm O.K.
Avh= H16 - 4.0EA (794.000 ) 0.0015 b sh(= 540 ) O.K

( )
A = 2 1950.0 1800.0 / 24.0 = 292500.000
n = Es / Ec = 2E+05 / ( 8500 x ( fck + 8)^ )) 1/3
= 7
k = - np [ 2 np ( np )2 ] ( n = 8 )
= - 7 0.00422 [ 2 0.03 0.03 2 ] = 0.216
X ( ) = k d = 345.6 mm
j = 1 - k / 3 = 1 - 0.216 / 3 = 1
fs = M / [Asdj] = 2677.68 1E+06 / [ 12160.8 1600.0 1 ]
= 148.3 MPa < 240 MPa -------- O.K

s = Min [ 375(210/fs)-2.5Cc 187.268 mm
, 300(210/fs) = 424.815 mm ]
, s = 187.268 mm
...Cc = d' - ( /2) = 137.500 mm
= 120 mm 187.268 mm ----- O.K
 2)

fck 35 MPa fy 400 MPa
Mu 2612.5 kN.m Vu 1772.0 kN Mo 1628.4 kN.m
B 1,800 mm d 1700.0 mm d' 100 mm
f 0.85 v 0.75 1
1 0.801

As f Mu
a = y
As =
a
0. 85f ck b f y d- ( 2 )
a = 56.773 mm
4M u
d- d2
1.445f ck b
, Req.As = 2f y = 4566
1.7f ck b
= As / (bd) = 0.00149 , 4/3 = 0.00199
0.851fck 600
b = = 0.03574
fy 600 + fy
max = 0.851fck c
= 0.02553
fy c + 0.004
, c = 0.003 ( )
min = 1.4 / fy = 0.00350
= 0.25fck /fy = 0.00370 * min = 0.00370
min < :
( req'd) min > min > 4/3 : 4/3 req'd = ###
min > min < 4/3 : min

(d-c)
t = c = 0.06895 0.004 -------- O.K
c
t = 0.06895 , .
, f = 0.85
a
, c = = 70.8777 mm
1

y = 0.002 0.65
y ~ 0.005 0.65

( 2.5 x y = 0.005 ) ~ 0.85
0.005
0.85
( fy > 400 MPa 2.5 x y )
( : 2007, p120)
 ( As req'd ) () = req'd b d = 6,089

USE As =H
### @ 120 = 7600.5 [ 15.0 ea/m ] (1)
TOTAL = 7600.5 [ p = 0.00248 ] 125 %

Moment check : a = (Asfy) / (0.85fckb) = 56.8mm

: Md = {Asfy(da/2)} =
4319.70 kN.m > Mu = 2612.51 kN.m
[ = 1.653 ]
Shear check ( B= 1800.00 mm, Ln = 5,000 mm )
ln / h 4
ln / h 5,000 / 1800 = 2.778 4
( : , 2008, p182)

Max Vn = 5 fck / 6 b d
= 0.75 5 35 / 6 1,800.0 1,700.0
= 11,314.503 kN Vu (=1772.0 ) O.K.

s= 250.0 mm d/5 ( 340 mm) 300 mm O.K.
Av = H19 - 4.0EA (1,146.000 ) 0.0025 b s (= 1,125 ) O.K

sh = 200.0 mm d/5 ( 340 mm) 300 mm O.K.
Avh= H16 - 4.0EA (794.000 ) 0.0015 b sh(= 540 ) O.K

( )
A = 2 1900.0 1800.0 / 15.0 = 456000.000
n = Es / Ec = 2E+05 / ( 8500 x ( fck + 8)^1/3)) = 7
k = - np [ 2 np ( np )2 ] ( n = 8 )
= - 7 0.00248 [ 2 0.017 0.017 2 ] = 0.17
X ( ) = k d = 289.0 mm
j = 1 - k / 3 = 1 - 0.17 / 3 = 1
fs = M / [Asdj] = 1628.35 1E+06 / [ 7600.50 1700.0 1 ]
= 133.6 MPa < 240 MPa -------- O.K

s = Min [ 375(210/fs)-2.5Cc 370.696 mm
, 300(210/fs) = 471.557 mm ]
, s = 370.696 mm
...Cc = d' - ( /2) = 87.500 mm
= 120 mm 370.696 mm ----- O.K
(14) Struct & Tie Model

1)
-
.
, ( )
.
,
.

2)
(h) 1.8m, (B) 1.8m 60.0m
5.0m (n) .

3)
PD = t h b ln = 24.0 1.8 1.8 ###= 389 kN
PL ;
PL1 = (kN/wheel) = ### 3 = 810 kN ()
PL2 = (kN/wheel) = ### 3 = 1080 kN ()
PL3 = (kN/wheel) = ### 3 = 933 kN ()
Pu = 1.2 PD + 1.6 PL,max
= 1.2 194.5 +### 1080 = 1961.4 kN

4) Model 1 -

( )

12.000

5@900=4.500 7.500 5@900=4.500

~~

- D( ) = 609.6 mm
- A( ) = ( 0.61 2 )/ 4 = 0.292

fck n
(MPa) CCC CCT CTT
35 0.75 0.85 1.00 0.80 0.60
( : , 2007, p460)
, CCC : ,
CCT :
CTT :
 fb = Fu/Ac = 1961.4 ### / ( 291863.508 ) = 6.720 MPa
, fb :

fce = 0.85 n fck = 0.75 0.85 1.00 35

= 22.3125 N/ > ### N/ O.K.

w1
w2

300
B
540

- (wprov.)
= 2+150 = 350 mm
= 2 = 300 mm
( )
tan = ( ### - 1/2 350 - 1/2 300 )/ 1,150 = 1.283
= 52.058

= w1 + w2
=### cos 52.058 + 540 sin 52.058
= 606.2 mm

, Fu = 1961.4 / sin 52.058 = 2487.1 kN
, Fu = ### cos 52.058 = 1529.2 kN
, Fu = , Fu = 1529.2 kN

( fy = ###MPa )
As = Fu / ( fy)
= ### 1000 /( 0.85 400 ) = 4,497.7

Av###
= 14 EA = 7,296.5
+### 7 EA = 3,648
= 10,944.7 > 4,497.7 O.K.


Fu (kN) s n
fck
(MPa) CCC CCT CTT

35 2487.1 1529.2 1.00 0.75 0.60 1.00 0.80 0.60

( : s, n, , 2007, p454, p460)

, s :

n :

(fce)

:
A : fce = 0.85 n fck = 0.85 0.60 35 = 17.85 Mpa
: fce = 0.85 s fck = 0.85 1.00 35 = 29.75 Mpa

:
A : fce = 0.85 n fck = 0.85 0.60 35 = 17.85 Mpa
B : fce = 0.85 n fck = 0.85 1.00 35 = 29.75 Mpa
: fce = 0.85 s fck = 0.85 1.00 35 = 29.75 Mpa

(w req) ( = 0.75 , b 1800 mm )

:
w req = Fu / ( fce b) = 1529.2 1000 / ( 0.75 17.85 ### )
= ### mm < w prov= 350 mm O.K.
:
w req = Fu / ( fce b) = 2487.1 1000 / ( 0.75 17.85 ### )
= 103.21 mm < w prov= 606.2 mm O.K.
 5) Model 2 -

( )

12.000

5@900=4.500 7.500 5@900=4.500

~~
- D( ) = 609.6 mm
- A( ) = ( 0.61 2 )/ 4 = 0.292

fck n
(MPa) CCC CCT CTT
35 0.75 0.85 1.00 0.80 0.60
( : , 2007, p460)
, CCC : ,
CCT :
CTT :

fb = Fu/Ac = 1961.4 ### / ( 291863.508 ) = 6.720 MPa

, fb :

fce = 0.85 n fck = 0.75 0.85 1.00 35

= 22.3125 N/ > ### N/ O.K.

- AB CD

w1
w2
300

540

w1
w2 w2
300

540

, R1= 1188 kN
R2= 972 kN
 - (wprov.)
= 2+150 = 350 mm
= 2 = 300 mm

AB
tan = ( ### - 1/2 350 - 1/2 300 )/ 900 = 1.639
= 58.610

AB = w1 + w2
=### cos 55.611 + 540 sin 55.611
= 617.2 mm

CD
tan = ( ### - 1/2 350 - 1/2 300 )/ 1,400 = 1.054
= 46.494

CD = w1 + w2
=### cos 46.494 + 540 sin 46.494
= 598.2 mm

AB, Fu = 1188.0 / sin 58.610 = 1391.7 kN
CD, Fu = 972.0 / sin 46.494 = 1340.1 kN
BC, Fu = ### cos 58.610 = 724.9 kN
CB, Fu = ### cos 46.494 = 922.6 kN
AD, Fu = , Fu = 724.9 kN
DA, Fu = , Fu = 922.6 kN
) .

( fy = ###MPa )
As = Fu / ( fy)
= 922.576 1000 /( 0.85 400 ) = 2,713.5

Av###
= 14 EA = 7,296.5
+### 7 EA = 3,648
= 10,944.7 > 2,713.5 O.K.

Fu (kN) s n
fck
(Mpa) CCC CCT CTT
AB CD

35 1391.7 1340.1 922.6 1.00 0.75 0.60 1.00 0.80 0.60

( : s, n, , 2007, p454, p460)

, s :

n :
 (fce)

:
A : fce = 0.85 n fck = 0.85 1.00 35 = 29.75 Mpa
D : fce = 0.85 n fck = 0.85 1.00 35 = 29.75 Mpa
: fce = 0.85 s fck = 0.85 1.00 35 = 29.75 Mpa

AB :
A : fce = 0.85 n fck = 0.85 1.00 35 = 29.75 Mpa
B : fce = 0.85 n fck = 0.85 0.80 35 = 23.8 Mpa
: fce = 0.85 s fck = 0.85 1.00 35 = 29.75 Mpa

CD :
A :C fce = 0.85 n fck = 0.85 0.80 35 = 23.8 Mpa
D : fce = 0.85 n fck = 0.85 1.00 35 = 29.75 Mpa
: fce = 0.85 s fck = 0.85 1.00 35 = 29.75 Mpa

(w req) ( = 0.75 , b 1800 mm )

:
w req = Fu / ( fce b) = 922.6 1000 / ( 0.75 29.75 ### )
= ### mm < w prov= 350 mm O.K.
AB :
w req = Fu / ( fce b) = 1391.7 1000 / ( 0.75 23.8 ### )
= 43.31 mm < w prov= 617.2 mm O.K.

CD :
w req = Fu / ( fce b) = 1340.1 1000 / ( 0.75 23.8 ### )
= 41.71 mm < w prov= 598.2 mm O.K.

6)

- ,
.
3D - ,

3D -

( )
( )



, - 3D

3D .
5.

5.1 5.2
1)
(m) (m)
609.6*16t 37.0 m 5.0 m

2) (/)

Pcv
3.0 /m 24.0 kn/ 360.0 kN/5m
Pch
EL(+) 6.50

1.500
3-1)
00
0

Mc
.
2

EL(+) 4.50
[] I-19 35.0 ton 6 0.9 m
EL(-) 1.50
EL(-) 2.00
2/30
[ ] 2/30
EL(-) 7.25
3/30
15/30
3-2) (/)
7/30
[ ]
7/30 (kN/wheel)
EL(-)13.20
15/30
[] EL(-)14.40 18/30
18/30
(Pcv) (Pch)
[]
23/30
20/30 265.0 26.50
EL(-)20.40 23/30
12/30 353.0 52.95
18/30
[] 30/30
33/30
309.0 30.90
50/28
EL(-)29.50 50/21 (:*10%, :15%)
[] 50/16
EL(-)31.50
EL(-)32.50
[]
3-3) (/) kN/
(Pcv) (Pch)
1590.0 954.00
2118.0 1270.80
1854.0 1112.40

5.3
EL. N (m)
1 EL.(+)4.50 ~ EL.(-)2.00 20 6.500
2 EL.(-)2.00 ~ EL.(-)7.25 15 5.250
3 EL.(-)7.25 ~ EL.(-)10.25 7 3.000
4 EL.(-)10.25 ~ EL.(-)13.20 15 2.950
5 EL.(-)13.20 ~ EL.(-)14.40 18 1.200
6 EL.(-)14.40 ~ EL.(-)20.40 21 6.000
7 EL.(-)20.40 ~ EL.(-)23.40 15 3.000
8 EL.(-)23.40 ~ EL.(-)29.50 30 6.100
9 EL.(-)29.50 ~ EL.(-)31.50 50 2.000
10 EL.(-)31.50 ~ EL.(-)32.50 50 1.000

5.4
:
:
: ac = 10 mm
ac = 15 mm
: 1.0
1.5
] " P365"
5.5
: Dt = 0.6096 m
: Dt = 0.5776 m
: Tt = 16 mm
: tr = 2 mm
: Db = 0.6056 m
: T = 14 mm !
: L = 37 m
: H = 0 m
: An = 0.026019905
: Z = 0.0037614849
2 : I = 0.0011389776 m
: E = 210,000 Mpa

5.6
 Case-2 ()

1)
:
: 1.5

2)
: = 0.552 (1/m)
1/ N : N = 20
: Kh = 14616.560 kN/

- Kh = Kho * (Bh*100/30)-3/4 = 14616.5596

- Kho = 1/30 * * Eo = 37.3333
- Bh = (D/) 1/2 = 1.0474
- Eo = 28 * N = 560.0000
- = ( Kh * D / 4 E I )1/4 = 0.5515

Kh =
Kho =
= = 2 (:=1, :=2))
Eo =
Bh = ()
Db = (m) = 0.6056 m
= ( ) -1
= 0.552 1/m
N = 1/ N = 20
E = = 210,000 Mpa
I = 2 = 0.0011389776 m

3)
: Kv = 232649 (KN/m)
: K1 = 160499 (KN/m)
: K2 = 145507 (KN/rad)
: K3 = 145507 (KN-m/m)
: K4 = 263830 (KN-m/rad)
" P886"
a = 0.014*(L/D)+0.72 = 0.014 * 3700 cm / 60.56 cm + 0.72 = 1.575 : ()
a = 0.017*(L/D)-0.014 = 0.017 * 3700 cm / 60.56 cm - 0.014 = 1.025 : ()
a = 0.010*(L/D)+0.36 = 0.010 * 3700 cm / 60.56 cm + 0.36 = 0.971 :
a = 0.013*(L/D)+0.53 = 0.013 * 3700 cm / 60.56 cm + 0.53 = 1.324 :

- Kv = a*Ap*Ep/L = 1.575 * 26.02 * 210000 / 3700 cm * 100 = 232,649

- K1 = 4 E I = 4 * 210000 * 1.139E-03 * 0.552 * 1000 = 160,499
- K2 = 2 E I = 2 * 210000 * 1.139E-03 * 0.552 * 1000 = 145,507
- K3 = 2 E I = 2 * 210000 * 1.139E-03 * 0.552 * 1000 = 145,507
- K4 = 2 E I = 2 * 210000 * 1.139E-03 * 0.552 * 1000 = 263,830

4) ()
(Pch) : Ho = 1270.800 KN/
(Pcv) : Vo = 2118.000 KN/
 (Mc) : Mo = -2541.600 KN-m/
Mc = Pch * ( ~ ) = 1270.800 * 2.000
~ (h) = 2.000 m

5)


cosi sini cosi sini
i
n
()
1 0.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.00

Axx Axy Axa Ayy Aya Aaa

1.604988 0.000000 -1.455066 2.326486 0.000000 2.638297
### x 1.0E+05 x 1.0E+05 x 1.0E+05 x 1.0E+05 x 1.0E+05 x 1.0E+05

-. Axx = K1 cos2 i + Kv sin2 i

-. Axy = ( Kv - K1 ) sini cosi
-. Axa = ( Kv - K1 ) i sini cosi - K2 cosi
-. Ayy = Kv cos2 i + K1 sin2 i
-. Aya = ( Kv cos2 i + K1 sin2 i ) i + K2 sini
-. Aaa = ( Kv cos2 i + K1 sin2 i ) i2 + ( K2 + K3 ) i sini + K4

3 1
1.604988 x 10^5 + 0.000000 x 10^5 y + -1.455066 x 10^5 = 1270.800 (Ho)
0.000000 x 10^5 + 2.326486 x 10^5 y + 0.000000 x 10^5 = 2118.000 (Vo)
-1.455066 x 10^5 + 0.000000 x 10^5 y + 2.638297 x 10^5 = -2541.600 (Mo)

3 1
: x = -0.001632 (m) a = 0.010 O.K
: y = 0.009104 (m)
: = -0.010533 (rad.)

6) ( )
-. Pni = Kv yi' = 232,649 * ### = 2118.00 kN
-. Phi = K1 xi' - K2 = 160,499 * ### - 145,507 * ### = 1270.80 kN
-. Mti = -K3 xi' + K4 = ### * ### + 263,830 * ### = -2541.60 kN-m

xi' = cosi - (y + i) sini = -0.001632 (m)
yi' = sini + (y + i) cosi = 0.009104 (m)

(m) (m) (Pni) - KN (Phi) - KN (Mti) KN-m
1 -0.001632 0.009104 2118.000 1270.800 -2541.600

7) ( )

(KN) (KN) (KN-m)
1 2118.000 1270.800 2541.600
8)
Hi = 1270.800 (KN)
Vi = 2118.000 (KN)
Mo = 2541.600 (KN-m)

-. Hi = Pni sini + Phi cosi = ### * 0.000 + ### * 1.000 = 1270.800
-. Vi = Pni cosi - Phi sini = ### * 1.000 - ### * 0.000 = 2118.000
-. Mo = Mti + Vi * Xi = ### + ### * 0.000 = -2541.600
(Xi) : = 0.000 m

9)

: = -0.001632 (m)
: = -0.010533 (Rad)
: Mt = 2541.600 (KN-m)
: Lm = 2.848 (m)
: Mm = -528.399 (KN-m)
1 : Lp = 4.272 (m)
0 : Lo = 5.696 (m) L = 37.00 (m) O.K

Hinge
: = 1.583563 (m)
: = 0.873362 (Rad)
: Mt = 0.000 (KN-m)
: Lm = 1.424 (m)
: Mm = -742.870 (KN-m)
1 : Lp = 2.848 (m)
0 : Lo = 4.272 (m)

10)

fa = 180 1.0 = 180 (Mpa)
fc = Vi / An + Mo / Z = ### / 0.02602 + ### / 0.003761
= 757.090 (Mpa) > fa . N.G

a = 105 1.0 = 105 (Mpa)
c = Hi / An = 1270.800 / 0.02601991 = 48.840 (Mpa) fa . O.K