Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Engforfun PDF
Engforfun PDF
2549
20
5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2549
1
(Guessing the Meanings of Words from Roots) 1
2
(Guessing the Meanings of Words from Prefixes) 11
3
(Guessing the Meanings of Words from Suffixes) 35
4
(Guessing the Meanings of Compound Words) 57
5
(Guessing the Meanings of Words from Context) 65
87
1
(Guessing the Meanings of Words from Roots)
(Roots) (Greek)
(Latin) (Greek Roots)
(Latin Roots)
1.
(Roots)
(Basic Meaning)
2.
(Roots) 2
(Greek Roots) (Latin Roots)
telegram
epigram
(... : 46-50) (Greek Roots)
2.1.8 geo earth ", "
geography
geology
2.1.9 graph write ""
autograph
lithography ,
3
homophone
homosexual
2.1.11 meter/metr(on) measure ", "
barometer
geometry
2.1.12 phon(o) sound ""
phonetics
phonograph
2.1.13 psyche/psycho mind, soul ", "
psychology
psychiatry ,
2.1.14 techne/techno skill, art ", , ,
, , , "
technician ,
heliometer
2.1.18 hydor/hydr water " "
hydraulics
hydrogen
2.1.19 neur(o) nerve ", "
neurosis
neuritis
2.1.20 nom(o)/nymy law, arrangement, knowledge ",
, , "
economy
astronomy ()
2.1.21 onym name, word ", "
synonym
antonym
(... : 85-87) (Greek Roots)
2.1.22 logos discourse, word ", ,
"
dialogue
monologue ,
visible
10
3.
(Roots)
(Basic Meaning)
(Greek Roots)
(Latin Roots) (Greek Roots)
(Latin Roots)
2
(Guessing the Meanings of Words from Prefixes)
(Prefixes) (Base word Word Stem) (Root)
1.
2.
(Prefixes) 9
. (... : 184)
a- ""
Base word : moral (adj.)
amoral (adj.)
Base word : symmetry (n.)
asymmetry (n.)
Base word : sex (n.)
sexual (adj.)
asexual (adj.)
2.2
(Reversative Prefixes)
(2538 : 115) Reversative Prefixes
2.2.1 un- ""
Base word : tie (v.)
untie (v.)
Base word : wrap (v.)
unwrap (v.)
2.2.2 de- ", "
Base word : centralize (v.) ()
decentralize (v.)
Base word : code (v.)
decode (v.)
Base word : frost (v.)
defrost (v.)
14
. . (... : 50)
dis- ""
Base word : allow (v.)
disallow (v.)
Base word : infect (v.)
disinfect (v.)
Base word : cover (v.)
discover (v.)
2.3
(Pejorative Prefixes)
() (2534 : 92-94) Pejorative Prefixes
2.3.1 mis- ", , "
Base word : calculate (v.)
miscalculate (v.)
Base word : count (v.)
miscount (v.)
Base word : spell (v.)
misspell (v.)
Base word : chance (n.) ,
mischance (n.) ,
2.3.2 mal- ", "
Base word : treat (v.)
maltreat (v.) ,
Base word : function (n.)
malfunction (n.)
15
2.4
(Locative Prefixes)
() (2534 : 111-114) Locative Prefixes
2.4.1 super- " , "
Base word : structure (n.)
superstructure (n.)
Base word : column (n.)
columnar (adj.)
supercolumnar (adj.)
2.4.2 peri- " "
Base word : scope (n.)
periscope (n.)
16
(2533 : 30)
intra- ", "
Base word : natal (adj.)
intranatal (adj.)
Base word : continent (n.)
continental (adj.)
intracontinental (adj.)
18
2.5
(Prefixes of Attitude)
() (2534 : 107-110) Prefixes of Attitude
2.5.1 co-/con-/com-/col- ", "
Base word : author (n.)
coauthor (n.)
Base word : join (v.)
conjoin (v.)
conjoint (adj.)
Base word : lateral (adj.)
collateral (adj.) ,
2.5.2 counter- ", , "
Base word : attack (v.)
counterattack (v.)
Base word : balance (v.,n.) ,
counterbalance (v.,n.) ,
Base word : clock (n.)
clockwise (adj.)
counterclockwise (adj.)
Base word : measure (v.,n.) ,
countermeasure (v.,n.) ,
19
2.6 -
(Prefixes of Time and Order)
() (2534 : 118-121) Prefixes of Time and
Order -
2.6.1 ante- ", , "
. (... : 21)
re- ", "
Base word : write (v.)
rewrite (v.)
Base word : develop (v.)
redevelop (v.)
Base word : schedule (v.)
reschedule (v.)
Base word : arrange (v.)
rearrange (v.)
Base word : broadcast (v.)
rebroadcast (v.)
2.7 -
(Prefixes of Degree or Size)
() (2534 : 96-105) Prefixes of Degree
or Size -
2.8 -
(Number Prefixes)
() (2534 : 125-131) Number Prefixes
-
2.8.1 uni- " , "
Base word : form (n.)
uniform (n.) ,
Base word : sex (n.)
unisex (n.)
unisexual (adj.)
2.8.2 mono- ", "
Base word : tone (n.)
monotone (n.)
Base word : plane (n.)
monoplane (n.)
Base word : type (n.)
monotype (n.)
28
2.8.11 sesqui-
Base word : cent (n.)
centennial (adj.)
sesquicentennial (adj.) (150 )
2.8.12 cent(i)-
Base word : meter (n.)
centimeter (n.) ()
Base word : gram (n.)
centigram (n.) ()
2.8.13 poly- ""
Base word : syllable (n.)
polysyllable (n.)
Base word : clinic (n.)
polyclinic (n.)
(... : 100)
multi- ", "
Base word : use (n.)
multiuse (n.)
Base word : millionnaire (n.)
multimillionnaire (n.)
Base word : color (n.)
colored (adj.)
multicolored (n.)
Base word : race (n.)
racial (adj.)
multiracial (adj.)
31
32
3.
(Suffixes)
(Base word Word Stem) (Root) (Part of speech)
1.
2.
(Suffixes) 7
2.3
(Nouns-noun Suffixes)
(2538 : 118-119) Nouns-noun Suffixes
nouns
2.3.1 -ster ""
Base word : gang (n.) , ,
gangster (n.) ,
Base word : trick (n.) ,
trickster (n.)
2.3.2 -eer ""
Base word : engine (n.) ,
engineer (n.)
Base word : racket (n.)
racketeer (n.)
2.3.3 er ", ,
"
Base word : law (n.)
lawyer (n.)
()
Base word : London (n.)
Londoner (n.)
Base word : three-wheel (n.)
three-wheeler (n.)
2.3.4 -let ""
Base word : book (n.)
booklet (n.)
Base word : pig (n.)
piglet (n.)
43
() (2535 : 17-26)
2.3.13 -et/-ette ", ___ , ___ "
Base word : isle (n.)
islet (n.)
Base word : usher (n.)
usherette (n.)
Base word : leather (n.)
leatherette (n.)
2.3.14 -ess "___ "
Base word : lion (n.)
lioness (n.)
Base word : host (n.)
hostess (n.)
Base word : author (n.)
authoress (n.)
Base word : act (n.)
actor (n.)
actress (n.)
2.3.15 -ine "___ "
Base word : hero (n.)
heroine (n.)
Base word : Joseph (n.) ()
Josephine (n.) ( )
2.3.16 -y/-ie "___ , ___ "
Base word : John (n.)
Johnny (n.)
Base word : dad (n.)
daddy (n.)
46
() (2535 : 57-60)
2.6
(Adjectives-adverb Suffixes)
() (2535 : 62-64) Adjectives-adverb
Suffixes (Adjectives)
(Adverbs)
2.6.1 -ly " ___"
Base word : slow (adj.)
slowly (adv.)
Base word : care (n.)
careful (adj.)
carefully (adv.)
2.6.2 -ally " ___ , ___"
Base word : symbol (n.)
symbolic (adj.)
symbolically (adv.)
Base word : art (n.)
artistic (adj.)
artistically (adv.)
2.6.3 -ably/ibly " ___ , ___"
2.7
(Nouns/Adjectives-verb Suffixes)
() (2535 : 66-68) Nouns/Adjectives-verb
Suffixes (Nouns) (Adjectives)
(Verbs)
2.7.1 -en " ___ , ___ , ___"
Base word : soft (adj.)
soften (v.)
Base word : sharp (adj.)
sharpen (v.)
Base word : long (adj.)
length (n.)
lengthen (v.)
2.7.2 -ify/-efy " ___ , ___"
Base word : simple (adj.)
simplify (v.)
Base word : clear (adj.)
clarify (v.)
Base word : mummy (n.)
mummify (v.)
Base word : beauty (n.)
beautify (v.)
Base word : liquid (n.)
liquefy (v.)
56
3.
2
(Compound Words)
(Compound Nouns)
(Compound Adjectives)
1.
() (2534 : 230-231)
(Compound Words) 2
toothbrush tooth + brush
bookstore book + store
bluebottle blue + bottle
3 3
1. postcard, toothbrush, blackbird,
homework, headmaster, grandfather, housework, football, swordsman, salesman,
2. (Hyphen) snow man,
taxi meter, mother tongue, morning market, office hours, shop hours, station master,
3. 2 (Hyphen) fire-engine,
room-mate, money-order, tea-time, time-table, team-work, sun-dial, snow-storm
Verb-ing + noun swimming-pool, dining-room
58
2.
(Compound Words) 2
2.1 (Compound Nouns)
2.2 (Compound Adjectives)
2.1.1.3
(2537 : 105)
2.2.7 ing
(Noun/Adjective/Adverb + Present participle)
(... : 508)
a fast-moving train a train that moves fast
a long-suffering servant a servant who suffers a long
time
grass-cutting machinery
3.
2
(Compound Words)
(Compound Nouns)
(Compound Adjectives)
5
(Guessing the Meanings of Words from Context)
(Context)
(Clue)
1.
(Context)
2.
(Clue)
(Context Clue)
3.
(Context Clue)
66
", , , "
(... : 183)
When a rock has been changed by heat or pressure it is called metamorphic.
: metamorphic
: is called
: When a rock has been changed by heat or pressure
metamorphic
(... : 93)
Messre., the plural of Mr., is seldom used as a title.
: Messre.
: , ,
: the plural of Mr.
Messre. Mr.
. (... : 10)
A person who repairs shoes is a cobbler.
: cobbler
: is
: A person who repairs shoes
cobbler
68
(... : 186)
The cobra moved sinuously, twisting and turning through the rocky field.
: sinuously
: ,
: twisting and turning
sinuously
(... : 24)
The statement that the politician made was contradictory; that is, one part of it did not
support the other part.
: contradictory
: that is
: one part of it did not support the other part
contradictory
(2533 : 5-6)
Carlos and Dave arranged this rendezvous, i.e. meeting, several weeks ago.
: rendezvous
: i.e.
: meeting
rendezvous
The actress arrived with the group of assistants who always travel with her, namely, her
entourage.
: entourage
: namely
: the group of assistants who always travel with her
entourage
70
. (... : 11)
Some people like to hitch-hike - to travel by asking car or lorry drivers for free rides
because they think it is fun.
: hitch-hike
: -
: to travel by asking car or lorry drivers for free rides
hitch-hike
", , ,"
- dash , comma ; semi-colon
( ) parentheses : colon
71
She is very touchy. For example, she usually gets angry when her teacher makes
comments on her work.
: touchy
: For example
: she usually gets angry
touchy
His behaviour was inexplicable; no one could explain why he was always late at school.
: inexplicable
: ;
: no one could explain
inexplicable
(... : 184-185)
Do you participate in one of the more popular avocations, such as jogging, tennis, or
stamp collecting?
: avocations
: such as
: jogging, tennis, or stamp collecting
avocations
We are encouraging - fostering - good ideas in young people.
: fostering
: - -
: encouraging
fostering
72
(... : 93)
Half-baked, for instance, may refer to a foolish idea or stupid person.
: Half-baked
: for instance
: may refer to a foolish idea or stupid person
Half-baked
(... : 22)
Since a guinea pig isn't carnivorous, it couldn't eat the meat.
: carnivorous
: ,
: it couldn't eat the meat
carnivorous
(2533 : 14)
Do you participate in one of the most popular avocations like jogging, reading or stamp
collecting?
: avocations
: like
: jogging, reading or stamp collecting
avocations
. (... : 13)
Some boys are trained to help their mother with chores, such as, washing dishes,
cleaning, ironing, etc.
: chores
: such as
: washing dishes, cleaning, ironing, etc.
chores
73
(... : 24)
Nylon and polyester are synthetic fiber made by man.
: synthetic
: made
: by man
synthetic
. (... : 14)
Buffaloes, cows and horses are herbivorous animals that feed only on plants.
: herbivorous
: that
: feed only on plants
herbivorous
Most people buy their house on a ten-year installment plan, paying 5000 baht monthly.
: installment plan
: paying
: 5000 baht monthly
installment plan
75
3.5
(Context Clue of Similarity)
(... : 8-9)
as/as ... as
like/alike ,
similar to ,
resemble (v)
as if/as though
similarly (adv)
likewise (adv)
correspondingly (adv)
in the same way (adv)
in like manner (adv)
They think of themselves as an elite group on campus. They always act as if other people
were lower than them.
: elite
: as if
: other people were lower than them
elite
76
(... : 193)
He is as cunning as an old fox; don't trust him.
: cunning
: as ... as
: an old fox; don't trust him
cunning
(2533 : 8)
Like John who loves to stroll in the park, Jane thinks it is a good way to spend an
evening walking in the park.
: stroll
: Like
: an evening walking in the park
stroll
If you invert the letter "W", you will get the letter "M". In the same way, you get the
letter "U" by turning the letter "N" upside down.
: invert
: In the same way
: turning upside down
invert
77
(... : 31-32)
(Reference words)
(Reference words)
the, this, that, these, those
It is quite true there are some constraints on the manager's decision when it comes to
position classification. These limitations are found in maintaining like allocations of like jobs in
different subdivision of the organization.
: constraints
: These
: These limitations
constraints
3.6
(Context Clue of Contrast)
. . . (1997 : 12)
2
although/eventhough/though
but/yet ,
however/nevertheless/nonetheless
in spite of/despite ,
on the contrary/on the other hand
conversely
(... : 190-191)
while/whereas
comparing/compare with/in compare with
One daughter was very extravagant, another was always careful about spending money.
: extravagant
: One ..... another
: always careful about spending money
extravagant
Some animals are alone, others are gregarious.
: gregarious
: some ..... other
: alone
gregarious
79
(... : 12-13)
or
not ..... but .....
rather than
instead of
either ..... or .....
whether .... or .....
Larry thought that the lecture was very boring; however, half of his classmates felt that it
was very stimulating.
: stimulating
: however
: Larry thought that the lecture was very boring
stimulating
(2533 : 11)
Some people endure great suffering without complaining at all at all, while those who
cannot cope with pain complain endlessly.
: endure
: while
: those who cannot cope with pain complain endlessly
endure
When the lights went out, I couldn't see a thing, Later, however, I was able to perceive
the outlines of the larger pieces of furniture.
: perceive
: however
: When the lights went out, I couldn't see a thing
perceive
81
People have long believed that mental illness is hereditary. One of the reasons is that it
tends to run in a family.
: hereditary
: One of the reasons is
: it tends to run in a family
hereditary
Thailand has compulsory education. Boys and girls must attend school until they reach a
certain age.
: compulsory education
: Boys and girls must attend school until they reach a certain age
compulsory education
82
(... : 188)
3.8
(Context Clue of Cause and Result)
(... : 13-14)
(Cause) (Result)
because
as because of due to
owing to for on account of
now that since
accordingly hence as a result
consequently so therefore
thus
cause (v)
mean (v)
so that / in order that
that is why
the final result is that
Since 1980 Somsri has put aside such a large sum of money now that she plan to go to
London next summer.
: put aside
: now that
: she plans to go to London next summer
: Somsri has put aside such a large sum of money
put aside
84
(... : 196)
Wichai has stopped reading linguistics journals for years; therefore, he finds himself
ignorant of new ideas in this field.
: ignorant
: therefore
: Wichai has stopped reading linguistics journals for years
: he finds himself ignorant of new ideas in this field
ignorant
(... : 27)
Every year many tax payers get rebates of income tax because they have been paid
excessive tax due to their mistakes such as miscalculation.
: rebates
: because
: they have been paid excessive tax due to mistakes such as
miscalculation
: Every year many tax payers get rebates of income tax
rebates ()
As it become that more and more countries are running out of oils, it may be possible
that the supply of oils will be depleted in the next ten years.
: depleted
: As
: it become that more and more countries are running out of oils
: it may be possible that the supply of oils will be depleted in the
next ten years
depleted
85
. . . (1997 : 11)
Mr. Ron did not have time to take his clothes to the laundry so he had to wash and iron
them himself.
: laundry
: so
: Mr. Ron did not have time to take his clothes to the laundry
: he had to wash and iron them himself
laundry
We can see things through a piece of glass because it is transparent.
: transparent
: because
: it is transparent
: We can see things through a piece of glass
transparent
(2533 : 17)
The boss is in a particularly good mood this morning, so this might be an auspicious time
to ask for a raise.
: auspicious
: so
: The boss is in a particularly good mood this morning
: this might be an auspicious time to ask for a raise
auspicious
86
The young man had wanted a new car very much. Therefore, when his father gave him
one for his birthday, he was ecstatic.
: ecstatic
: Therefore
: The young man had wanted a new car very much
: when his father gave him one for his birthday, he was ecstatic
ecstatic
. (... : 12)
The ship hit a big rock and began to sink, so the sailors got out the boats and abandoned
the ship.
: abandoned
: so
: The ship hit a big rock and began to sink
: the sailors got out the boats and abandoned the ship
abandoned
4.
(Context)
(Clue)
(Context Clue)