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Dear Readers,
When we analyze our companys more recent projects, one increase operating distances without having to noticeably
thing is clear: sustainability and environmental concerns compromise the comfort of the vehicle user.
have changed demand behavior and have now become a
driving force of technical innovation in many areas of In order to contribute actively to these developments for our
automotive development. customers, we are continuously investing in our expertise
and capacity at Porsche. Whether this is on a grand scale,
Tighter political and legal regulations for the mobility of such as the consistent expansion of the Weissach Devel -
tomorrow play an important role in this. It seems to us, opment Center, or on a smaller scale, such as the opera-
however, that another important factor here is the con- tion start-up of new high-voltage and thermodynamics
stantly changing values of automotive industry customers. testing stands.
This has a direct effect on clear trends in automotive devel-
opment. We invite you not without pride to take a look at this and
other Porsche developments: Discover for yourself how
At the same time though, the old economy of automotive Porsche is setting new standards in the areas of efficiency,
development, such as body construction and drive tech- lightweight construction, performance and emotions with
nology, is experiencing another renaissance. Lightweight the latest generation of the 911 Carrera.
construction has been an essential part of bodywork devel-
opment for some time now. But the potential of combustion If reading our magazine awakens your interest in devel -
engines has also still not been fully exhausted yet. oping something with us, then we look forward to working
with you to meet the challenges you set us.
The mobility of today and tomorrow is increasingly electric.
With the hybridization of vehicles, we are experiencing a We hope you enjoy reading our first issue of 2012.
highly complex step towards electromobility. There has
already been plenty of hard work on the further develop- Yours, Malte Radmann and Dirk Lappe
ment of battery and electric vehicle designs, in order to Managing Directors Porsche Engineering
911 (Type 991): fuel consumption (in l/100 km) combined 9.7-8.2; CO2 emissions 229-194 g/km
Porsche Engineering Magazine 1/2012 5
Contents
Contents
10
Identity
The new 911: innovative,
cutting-edge technology for new
benchmarks in efficiency, perfor-
mance, lightweight construction
and emotions
19
Innovation
High-voltage and thermodynamics test
stand for the development and testing of
high-performance batteries
22 30
Analysis
Unique robot for the efficient testing of clutch charac-
teristics in vehicles
Growth
Expansion of the Weissach Development Center for
demanding customer projects
Wolfsburg: Porsche
Engineering grows
CURRENT NEWS
QUALITY
Awarded
Porsche Engineering Group GmbH
has once again successfully com-
pleted a quality management audit
according to the industrial standard
DIN EN ISO 9001:2008. The exter-
nal auditor from the German Orga-
nization for the Certification of Man-
Historical analysis agement Systems (DQS) awarded
the engineering services by Porsche
Porsche Engineering has carried out a 1948, was technically way ahead of its a high standard of quality for its
detailed breakdown, analysis and docu- time in many respects. By analyzing and projects. Amongst other aspects,
mentation of the historical Type 360 examining the engine today, new data both the project management and
Cisitalia engine on behalf of the Stutt- about the innovative technologies of the motivation of staff at the engi-
gart-based Porsche Museum. The leg - the past can be gathered and a unique neering services by Porsche was
endary Grand Prix racing car, completed piece of documentation for automobile assessed as very good.
at the Porsche engineering office in enthusiasts will be created.
A Porsche to carry this material for bags came about corresponding marketing brochure,
through working on the material for the explains Heidi Zink, project engineer for
in your hand soft-top of the Boxster Spyder and the the Boxster Spyder.
A Porsche for travel, a Porsche for din- The bags are available online at: www.porsche.com/shop
ner and even a Porsche for the bath-
room rarely has the visual connection
between the sports car and Porsche
Drivers Selection products been so
close. This attractive product series, of-
ficially called Porsche Travel System
Soft Top Luggage, is pure Porsche
design. It includes items such as travel
cases and bags in various sizes, a hand-
bag, as well as a washbag manufactu-
red in the same original soft-top mate-
rial that is used for the folding tops of
Porsche Cabriolets. The idea to utilize
Cutting-edge 911 technology
The new 911 Carrera embodies the competence, passion and technological expertise of
Porsche more than any other model generation. Four key development aspects define
the new 911: lightweight construction, performance, efficiency and emotions. Porsche
Engineering has also played a significant part in creating the new generation of the 911
by developing the new seven-speed manual transmission.
With the new generation of the 911, like lightweight construction, perfor- engines in comparison to their output
Porsche engineers have once again com- mance, efficiency and emotions are in- have always given the 911 Carrera an
bined the latest technological develop- creasingly playing an equally important exceptional power-to-weight ratio and
ments in an exceptional way, in order to role here as in the 911. exemplary fuel consumption. The new
provide maximum driving pleasure and generation differentiates itself from the
efficiency. This ingenious engineering Efficiency competition even further in both areas:
is not just evident in the sports cars, with a power-to-weight ratio of 4.7 kilo-
but also in a wide range of engineering Lightweight construction throughout grams per kW (10.3 lb per kW), the new
projects for external customers. Aspects the vehicle and extremely economical 911 Carrera S clearly comes out top of
911 (Type 991): Fuel consumption (in l/100 km) combined 9.7-8.2; CO2 emissions 229-194 g/km
Porsche Engineering Magazine 1/2012 13
Cutting-edge 911 technology
1. Fitted bolt
2. Cover plate 1 2 3 4
1
3. Flange bushing
2
4. Spring
5. Locking ring
3 6. Carrier shaft
4
5
Figure 1
Gate 3/4 selected
Locking ring is decoupled from the carrier shaft by 1 mm
Through this invention, any gear arrangement in the gear set Figure 2
of the transmission can be converted into an H-shaped shift Gate 5/6 selected
Carrier shaft pushes the locking ring upwards and blocks gate 7
pattern that is familiar and comprehensible for the driver.
The main element of the gear shift is the carrier shaft, which Figure 3
can move translationally (in a straight line) and rotationally Shift into fifth or sixth gear
Carrier shaft rotates by 29 Locking ring moves back in axial direction
(turning). The carrier shafts movement is transmitted to the and releases gate 7
cable winches outside it and transferred to the gears by the
lever mechanism on the shift cover. In order to select a gear, Shifting out of fifth or sixth gear
Carrier shaft rotates back to neutral position Locking ring is radially
the carrier shaft is pushed axially in the shift gear frame. The
pretensioned by the rotating spring
carrier shaft is then turned in order to shift gears. The shift
forks are linked to the individual shift gear frames via the Figure 4
Shifting to gate 7
shift rods. Through the unique arrangement of the shift fin-
Carrier shaft pushes the locking ring upwards
gers on the carrier shaft, the shift gear frames of each gear
are moved at the same time through this rotation during the
shift from first gear into second gear.
Martin Kuhn
In this way, like its forerunners, the new The second main reason for improved developed from scratch for the new
911 Carrera characteristically combines performance is the new drive unit. Both 911 Carrera. This also has a tangible ef-
exciting sportiness with exemplary effi- engines, with 3.5 liters and 3.8 liters dis- fect on performance: When braking on
ciency. The formula for this: Porsche In- placement, have been designed accord- road surfaces with different levels of
telligent Performance. ing to motor racing principles for high grip, a tug on the steering wheel im-
revs. The maximum engine speed of the parts a steering input in the desired di-
Performance six-cylinder engines has been increased rection, making it easier for the driver
by 300 rpm to 7,800 rpm. The entire in- to stabilize the vehicle and keep it in the
The proof of the 911 Carreras perfor- take manifold has also been optimized. desired lane.
mance gain speaks for itself: the new The intake air flows through flow-opti-
911 Carrera with optimal sporty equip- mized channels, new multi-hole injec- Another decisive contribution to the im-
ment can lap the Nrburgrings Nord- tors inject the fuel more efficiently and pressive increased performance of the
schleife in 7:40 minutes 14 seconds exhaust emissions exit the 911 Carrera new 911 Carrera is provided by the en-
faster than the previous model. through a system with reduced back- tirely newly developed optional Porsche
pressure. The fine-tuning of the aero- Dynamic Chassis Control (PDCC). The
The overall design of the new 911 Car- dynamics has succeeded in reducing intelligent control of the PDCC system
rera provides the foundation for this sig- the total lift (CA) of the new 911 Carrera is, for example, able to exercise indi -
nificant improvement in performance. models by 0.02, to a mere 0.05. vidual control over the hydraulic actua-
The lengthening of the wheelbase by tors, depending on the driving situation,
100 millimeters and the wider front Even more agility in the new 911 Carrera influencing self-steering behavior in the
track width alone 46 millimeters wider is provided by Porsche Torque Vectoring process and consequently improving
in the 911 Carrera and 52 millimeters (PTV). This system consists of a mechan- vehicle stabilization.
wider in the 911 Carrera S results in ical limited-slip rear differential and vari-
completely new vehicle geometry with able torque distribution to the rear axle. Lightweight construction
even more driving stability at high
speeds, when on the straight and when For the first time ever, Porsche has With the new 911 Carrera, Porsche sets
cornering. used electro-mechanical power steering new standards in lightweight construc-
tion. Up to 45 kilograms less total weight
than the previous generation means a
total weight reduction of 98 kilograms
in the basic vehicle design. The reason
for this difference: increased safety re-
quirements, a longer wheelbase, fuel
consumption reduction measures and a
more powerful product firstly led to a
weight increase of around 58 kilograms
in comparison to the previous models.
The new open-top models of the 911 Carrera operates in the rear of the 911 Carrera Cabriolet, and its power
and the 911 Carrera S also belong to the new is transmitted to the rear wheels by the seven-speed manual
generation of the classic 911 sports car the transmission. The open-top 911 Carrera S has a 3.8-liter
open-air season can begin. six-cylinder engine with 294 kW (400 hp) and also comes
with a seven-speed manual transmission as standard. The
convertible 911s also differentiate themselves strongly
With its completely newly developed and unique roof de- from the competition in another way: in the NEDC both
sign, the Cabriolet continues what the Coup began with models consume less than ten liters of fuel for 100 kilome-
its new aluminum-steel body. The typical 911 roof contours ters (23.5 mpg imp.). Alternatively, Porsche Doppelkupp-
have been entirely preserved for the first time. Intelligent lungsgetriebe (PDK) can also be optionally selected for the
lightweight construction, which also includes the use of Cabriolet models, which makes even lower fuel consumption
magnesium for the construction of the convertible top, has and shorter acceleration times possible.
ensured less weight and more sportiness, as well as lower
consumption and greater comfort. Porsche has managed The longer wheelbase compared to the previous model,
to reverse the weight spiral for all convertible 911s and has the wider front track at the front axle and the new electro-
managed to make the new Cabriolet models significantly mechanical power steering give the new Cabriolets even
lighter than their predecessors. sportier driving characteristics, more precision and increased
agility. On top of that, additional active control systems are
Both new Cabriolets have the same drive system as the available as standard or as an option depending on the model,
Carrera Coups. A 3.4-liter boxer engine with 257 kW (350 hp) which will improve driving dynamics even further.
The high-voltage battery is the heart of electric and hybrid vehicles. When developing
high-voltage batteries, testing the battery with predefined profiles in both quadrants
i.e. when charging and discharging requires special attention. Porsche Engineering has
developed a special high-voltage infrastructure for testing a diverse range of batteries
and cell modules.
Electrical characteristics modes. When it is used as a drain (second vides the batteries with the right tem-
quadrant), it fully replicates the power perature by means of air, coolant or
Since the end of 2010, Porsche Engi- electronics, including the drive motors, refrigerant.
neering has been using a so-called which consume large amounts of power.
direct current source/drain with a An interesting side effect is that the By using the thermodynamics test stand,
maximum capacity of 300 kW for the power taken from the battery can be fed all battery types with various types of
operation start-up of high-voltage bat- back into the power grid. cooling systems can be tested and
teries developed in-house. started up. There is also the option to
Thermal characteristics simulate extreme thermal conditions in
In its function as a source (first quad- the upper limits of what the battery
rant), it is possible to charge the battery Since 2011, Porsche has also been using can withstand, for which the battery can
in constant-current and constant-voltage a thermodynamics test stand. This pro- also be preconditioned.
The source/drain is connected to the of prototype batteries. After checking extremely dependent on cell chemistry,
three-phase current (see point 1 in the their component arrangement, a series are tested using an external power mea-
figure on page 19). The AC voltage is of electrical and thermal safety tests surement and Coulomb counting device.
doubled via a transformer (see point 2). can be carried out. This includes a fa-
A controlled rectifier (see point 3) con- tigue test and the classification of differ- Design verification
verts the AC voltage into a direct voltage ent batteries.
of 800 volt DC. A capacitor forms the Based on electrical load profiles and
intermediate circuit, and typical voltages Operation start-up of the Battery the necessary minimum capacity of the
can be simulated using a bidirectional, Management System (BMS) power storage unit, the battery cells are
buck/boost converter. selected and the high-voltage power
Starting up a high-voltage battery system circuit and the thermal circuitry in the
The system has two separate current firstly requires the calibration of the battery system are designed. For this
controllers. These enable the extremely Battery Management System in order to the temperature measurement points,
dynamic control of the current with ad- check the basic system functions. The which optimally define the thermal state
justable low-voltage and surge protec- cell voltage in the cell controllers, the of the battery, also have to be laid out.
tion settings. activation of the contactors, the man-
agement of charging and discharging, Electrical and thermal design character-
The battery under test and the testing and the thermal management are all istics are significantly defined by the
facility are physically separate and are checked one by one in this process. basic electrical power capacity, safety
controlled from a control room. The and reliability, and the lifespan of the
testing chamber is also equipped with Through an iterative process, the resis- power storage system.
an array of safety mechanisms. tance- and temperature-dependent pa-
rameters are defined (for example tem- In order to make sure that the design of
Using the testing facility perature-dependent electrical charging the system is correct, a combination of
and discharging limits). The electrical various testing methods is used. Using
The facility is used for the operation sensor in the battery and the state-of- synthetic load profiles, the characteristics
start-up testing and design verification charge (SOC) BMS algorithms, which are of the electrical and thermal circuitry can
be established.
dissipation in the battery, which in turn OCV (before the discharge pulse)
Voltage [V]
0
cases can be seen in the table above.
320
Weissach is growing.
And so are the engineering services by Porsche.
New high-tech wind tunnel Cutting-edge design studio been scattered across several buildings
at the Weissach site belonging to Porsche
With the new wind tunnel, Porsche is Outstanding design has always been one can be bundled under one roof. Working
equipping itself to be able to fully meet of Porsches strongest areas of expertise. in close proximity is a major advantage.
and overcome the technological chal- Above all, the new studio will provide Especially in electronics, which now plays
lenges involved in automotive develop- more space for the Porsche designers, a role in almost every vehicle component,
ment in the future. Good aerodynamics who are closely involved in the earliest the close interaction between different
makes an important contribution to- concept phases of every vehicle devel- electrical system/electronics experts from
wards lower fuel consumption and better opment process. Due to an increased related specialist fields during develop-
perfor mance which are both impor- workload, greater capacity for sports ment contributes significantly to the suc-
tant aspects of implementing Porsche car construction is urgently needed at cess of projects. With the new electronics
Intelligent Performance, explains Wolf- the Weissach center of competence. integration center, Porsche is creating
gang Hatz, board member in charge of the optimum conditions for its objective
research and development at Porsche An electronics integration to continue developing electric and hy-
AG. These new facilities will help Porsche center for the future brid technology, according to Hatz.
to maintain its top position in the field
of aerodynamics and to further extend In the new electronics integration center, As the facility will not just be used exclu-
its lead. various subdivisions that had previously sively for development work by Porsche,
Due to new alternative drivetrain designs for the vehicles of today and tomorrow, the
entire basis of vehicle interior climate control is changing. Porsche Engineering is there-
fore ensuring that an integrated thermal management system is being developed now.
Comfortable vehicle climate A moderate interior climate, or com- de-icing the windshield and windows
fort in the vehicle, can be basically re- within a defined time (for example, when
Customers today expect a comfortable duced to the absence of disturbing fac- cold-starting in the winter) and keeping
temperature in the interior of their ve- tors. The factors influencing this sense the windows free from condensation.
hicles regardless of the conditions of comfort can be subjective as well as
prevailing outside. Multi-zone climate physical or physiological. It is also important to remember that the
control units in the front and back, pro- drivers reaction capabilities and concen-
vide the option to create a comfortable Along with creating and maintaining tration in difficult situations will be better
climate for each passenger, as is the a comfortable vehicle interior climate the more comfortable he or she feels.
case, for example, with the Porsche through cooling and/or heating it, cli- This means that the temperature must
Panameras state-of-the-art optional mate control must also fulfill legislative be right from head to toe (what is known
Four-Zone Climate Control. and safety requirements. This includes as stratification: a cool head and warm
Panamera: fuel consumption (in l/100 km) combined 12.5-6.3; CO2 emissions 293-159 g/km
24 Porsche Engineering Magazine 1/2012
Vehicle interior climate control
Combination mode: automatic con- The climate control unit measures the are taken into account and checked in
trol of the vehicle climate (car climate conditions outside as well as the current the early stages of vehicle development,
22 degrees Celsius/71.6 degrees conditions in the vehicle interior and before the climate control system is de-
Fahrenheit). Additional fresh air is first compares them with the target require- signed, as their effects can vary widely
dehumidified and is then brought to ments. Thus, the climate control system depending on the vehicle in question.
the right temperature, to keep the can achieve the required climate using
windshield and windows free from the three modes. Targeted individual cli- How a conventional refrigeration
condensation. This combined mode is mate control can be achieved in this way, circuit works
the most common one for climate which the two-zone automatic climate
control systems in Central Europe, due control system of the new Porsche 911 The most important parts of a climate
to the climate conditions there. is capable of, for example. control system are the refrigeration and
cooling circuits. While the refrigeration
Pure cooling mode: quickly cooling These are the basic customer require- circuit provides the energy to cool down
the warm vehicle interior of the vehicle ments and expectations for future cli- the vehicle, the cooling circuit for the
in summer, when temperatures out- mate control systems, regardless of the combustion engine collects the energy
side are high. drive unit design of the vehicle. for heating up the vehicle interior.
A conventional vehicle climate control Factors that influence vehicle Refrigerant sucked in by the compressor
system design consists of the following climate control system designs circulates in the refrigeration circuit. This
components in addition to the actual circuit is divided into two sections: a
climate control unit: a refrigeration cir- Climate control in vehicles is influenced high-pressure and a low-pressure sec-
cuit (provision of cold air) and a cooling by many different factors. These include tion. The refrigerant, in the form of a
circuit (provision of warm air), air ducts the size of the passenger space, the de- gas, is heated in the compressor by
with outlet vents, a climate control op- sign of the dashboard, the size and angle being compressed and then channeled
erating unit and a climate control de- of the windshield, the thermal mass that through the condenser under high pres-
vice (with its corresponding electrical needs to be climate controlled, the ex- sure. There, heat is absorbed from the
parts such as a cable harness and sen- terior aerodynamics and thermal manage- hot gaseous refrigerant, leading to a liq-
sors, for example). ment in the vehicle. All of these factors uefaction of the gas.
911 (Type 991): fuel consumption (in l/100 km) combined 9.7-8.2; CO2 emissions 229-194 g/km
Porsche Engineering Magazine 1/2012 25
Vehicle interior climate control
Then the refrigerant enters the drier/ Hybrid components in the Panamera S Hybrid
collector. In order to protect the refriger-
ation circuit from damage, impurities 2
and water are separated from the refrig-
erant in the drier. The refrigerant is then 1
passed from the drier to the expansion 4
5
valve and enters the evaporator in a
mostly liquid form. There it is vaporized
by absorbing heat. Because it has 3
absorbed heat from the surrounding en-
vironment, the air is cooled and dehu-
midified. The moisture created by dehu-
1. High-voltage nickel metal hydride battery 4. Hybrid module
midifying the air is taken away via tubes. 2. Air supply duct 5. Supercharged 3.0-liter V6 engine
On very humid days, this moisture can 3. Power electronics
appear in the form of a puddle under
the vehicle. In the low-pressure section, Hybridization This is made possible by special evapora-
the gaseous refrigerant is sucked back tors, which can store the cooling energy
into the compressor and the cycle begins Vehicles with hybrid drive units have a for a certain period (storage evapora-
all over again. conventional combustion engine sup- tors), and by high-voltage PTCs for elec-
ported by an electric motor. Electric trical heating. Another major challenge
Future challenges power is stored in a battery, which also for climate control and thermal manage-
must be kept cool. In the Panamera S Hy- ment system design is ensuring that the
In conventional drive unit designs suffi- brid, the high-voltage nickel metal hydride drivetrain heats up quickly in order to re-
cient free energy for a comfortable cli- battery is cooled by air. The challenge for duce fuel consumption and emissions.
mate inside the vehicle is available in the climate control system in a vehicle
form of waste heat from the combus- with a hybrid drive is the additional cool- Electric vehicles
tion engine. With alternative drive unit ing required for the electrical compo-
designs such as those in electric vehi- nents such as the battery, power elec- Electric vehicles like the Porsche
cles, however, the energy for heating the tronics and the electric motor. As hybrid Boxster E research vehicle use batter-
vehicle must be additionally generated. drives also usually have a start/stop func- ies that require a temperature range of
The efficiency of the individual electrical tion and can drive a certain distance on between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius (be-
components is significantly higher in electric power alone, the climate control tween 68 and 86 degrees Fahrenheit) in
electric vehicles than in combustion en- system must be designed so that it can their drivetrains. This temperature range
gines. The missing energy in the form of operate without a combustion engine. ensures that the batteries function prop-
heat that must be electrically generated erly and prevents them from getting old
in vehicles with electric vehicle drive This means that the refrigeration and too quickly. This means that the batteries
units means that there is less energy cooling circuit components, such as the do not just need to be cooled down, but
available to propel the vehicle. The chal- compressor, must be powered electri- sometimes also warmed up, depending
lenge therefore consists of maintaining a cally and can no longer be mechanically on ambient temperatures.
comfortable climate in the vehicle inte- linked to the combustion engine, in or-
rior with as little energy as possible, in der to ensure that the climate control Cooling with air, which is currently the
order to affect the vehicles driving range system still functions when the vehicle standard method in hybrid drives, is no
as little as possible. has stopped at traffic lights, for example. longer sufficient and must be replaced
Innovative solutions
Options for new climate control system Batteries like those in the Boxster E research vehicle need to be warmed up as well as cooled down,
design being considered strongly at depending on ambient temperatures
Porsche Engineering are the use of aux-
iliary heating systems (such as heat using previously identified performance is true for the inclusion of new compo-
pumps, electric auxiliary heaters, fuel- data, cooling and heating needs, and nents in climate control and thermal
powered auxiliary heaters) and targeted driving profile requirements. management system design. Along with
climate control according to the number cooling the batteries in order to increase
of passengers in the vehicle. Other areas Conclusion: challenges and their lifespan, heating the batteries is
being focused on are the use of thermal solutions also becoming more important.
storage systems, the preheating or pre-
cooling of the vehicle interior while the Climate control and thermal manage- Porsche Engineering is developing solu-
vehicle is being charged at the electrical ment play a very important role when tions for these challenges based on com-
power outlet, or the use of direct and designing hybrid and electric vehicles, prehensive electromobility experience
surface heating devices in the seats and as the increasing electrification of vehi- from internal and external engineering
the steering wheel. cles leads to a decrease in the number projects, as well as thermal management
of available sources of heat. As a result, expertise from classic sports car design.
The cooling agents and cooling and todays standard method of reusing the Using all the tools available to them, from
heating methods are selected by engi- (free) engine waste heat is becoming simulation and calculation tools to com-
neers in the earliest stages of the design increasingly difficult or even impossible. ponent testing on test stands and the
process. For this purpose, Porsche Engi- testing of entire vehicles in the climate
neering has developed its own thermal The more effective use of heated or wind tunnel and on the test track, engi-
simulation tool, which was validated by cooled air in the vehicle interior, better neers at Porsche Engineering are creating
tests. This can be used to work out and insulation and further modifications in the climate control and thermal manage-
define the optimum climate control and the vehicle contribute to reducing en- ment system designs of the future.
thermal management system design at ergy consumption for the heating and
an early stage of vehicle development, cooling of the vehicle interior. The same Sebastian Ost, Michael Mller, Patrik Gisch
Panamera S Hybrid: fuel consumption (in l/100 km) urban 7.6-7.4 extra-urban 6.8-6.6 combined 7.1-6.8, CO2 emissions 167-159 g/km
Around 20 projects from 80 years of engineering services by Porsche were exhibited in the Porsche Museum
For more than 80 years, Porsche has been globally active as an engineering services provider
for external clients. Engineering services are an essential part of the Porsche brand core, and
some of its most interesting developments were presented in the Porsche Museum.
In the special exhibition 80 Years of The engineering services by Porsche cylinder, light-alloy engine with 1.7 or 2.0
Engineering Services by Porsche, the are the oldest business segment in the liters displacement, which would later
Porsche Museum and Porsche Engineer- Porsche company. When the company also power the famous Audi Front.
ing presented a selection of exciting was founded, there were no plans to
projects and in this way, we have built a build its own sports cars yet, says Two years later, Auto Union contracted
bridge from the past into the future, Stejskal. And so, as part of the special the design of a Grand Prix racing car
says Achim Stejskal, head of the Porsche exhibition, around 20 special exhibits one of the most legendary racing cars of
Museum. As an engineering services were on display, ranging from the devel- all time. Driven by racing heroes like
provider, Ferdinand Porsche and his opment of entire vehicles, through en- Hans Stuck and Bernd Rosemeyer, the
team have established an international gines and transmissions, to extraordinary Auto Union P-Rennwagen achieved no
reputation for excellence thousands of industrial projects in the present. less than 30 Grand Prix victories and 15
customer projects have been completed world records between 1934 and 1937.
since the foundation of the engineering One of the exhibits was one of the first
services office in 1931. ever Porsche development projects,
which was contracted to the engineer-
A large number of invited guests and for- ing office by the Wanderer automotive
mer Porsche employees, including racing manufacturing company in Chemnitz in
legends Herbert Linge and Peter Falk, at- 1931: the Wanderer W 22, also known
tended the opening celebrations of the as Model 7 in the internal classification
exhibition, which ran from June 21 to Sep- system created by Porsche. The mid-size One of the first ever engineering services projects by
tember 11, 2011 in the Porsche Museum. sedan W 22 was well-known for its six- Porsche: the Wanderer W 22 from 1931
wanted to see for himself how his time guests, car lovers and technology
Porsche bobsled was being exhibited at enthusiasts alike marveled at astonishing
the 80 Years of Engineering Services engineering projects for external cus-
by Porsche exhibition and so hon- tomers, some on show for the first time
ored the Porsche Museum with a per- ever. The exhibition organizers were
sonal visit. Hackl won the silver medal more than happy with the positive re-
at the 2002 Olympics in Salt Lake City sponse: with around 90,000 enthusiastic
Thinking outside the box: Porsche was contracted with that very sled. Another unusual visitors, the special exhibition for the 80-
to design the Opel Zafira for Adam Opel AG exhibit was the Adventure electric, full- year anniversary of Porsche engineering
suspension wheel chair, which was de- services was a complete success.
The Opel Zafira compact MPV, designed signed by Porsche in 2004 for the com-
by Porsche in 1994 for Adam Opel AG, pany Ulrich Alber GmbH.
was also exhibited, along with the Mer-
cedes Benz 500 E, the series production 80 Years of Engineering Services by
of which was even carried out in the Porsche was a unique exhibition: first-
Porsche factory in Zuffenhausen between
1990 and 1994.
Requirements for vehicle drivetrains are constantly increasing, especially with regard to the
comfortable start-up of vehicles with manual clutches. In order to efficiently analyze the clutch
characteristics (clutch engagement and start-up characteristics) and to be able to reproduce
these results, Porsche Engineering has developed a unique clutch robot in collaboration with
the Mnster University of Applied Sciences (Automation and Robotics department).
Robotic systems have been used in vehi- ware, in most cases they are used only closed-loop control is possible for these
cle pedal operation testing for some time to simulate distance profiles on roller systems, and the pedals cannot be posi-
now. The existing systems present var- dynamometer test stands. Using these tioned precisely so that conditions can
ious problems, however. Because they systems for vehicles actually driving out- be reproduced. They are therefore not
require external sources of power and doors is basically impossible. Further- very useful for the analysis of clutch en-
lots of space for their computer hard- more, only open-loop control but not gagement characteristics. For this reason,
Compact setup for the hardware and the power source, so that the system
can also be used in vehicles without much space in the interior Adjusting the position
Simple assembly of the system without having to modify the seat or the
drivers footwell in all vehicle classes The cable pull sensor first detects the
Logging of variables to be measured in real time current position of the clutch pedal.
Logging of pedal positions independently of the dynamics of the drivers seat Based on the current position and the
Definition of the pressure placed on the pedal independently of the position
target position, the controller imple-
of the robot
Operation of all three pedals by the robot mented in the RTOS calculates the cor-
Highly dynamic processes that can be reproduced exactly recting variable for the linear motor.
(e.g. snap starts/racing starts) The implemented controller must be
precise and extremely stable through-
out the whole application area. Different
Porsche Engineering has developed a After the main unit has been fitted in drivers seats in particular make the
new clutch robot that solves these prob- the vehicle, a head unit is mounted on setup of the controller more difficult in
lems (an overview of the requirements it top of it. The three motors are then con- this regard. In sports cars the seats are
had to meet is shown in the information nected directly to the head unit via a generally very firm, while in small cars
box above). docking connecter, so that there is no they are generally softer. In order to take
need for extra cables when setting up the varying dynamics of drivers seats
Hardware configuration the robot in the vehicle. The controllers into account, various components have
for the motors, and the computer sys- been added to the PI controller. The
The main unit of the clutch robot con- tem with a real time operating system controller is therefore completely stable
sists of aluminum plates, which can be (RTOS) and sensor signal processing, throughout the whole area of applica-
modified to fit the shape of the drivers are located in the head unit. The exter- tion, and there is no need for the user
seat and the interior of the vehicle. In nal sensors, such as the cable pull sen- to modify it any further.
the main unit, three independent, closed- sors or the vehicle CAN bus, can be
loop controllable linear motors are used connected to the system with standard Areas of application
to operate the three pedals. connecters.
Various testing processes can be carried
The motors are connected to the pedals Power is provided by a separate block out with the clutch robot. The following
via adapter plates and a coupling bar and is connected to the head unit via a three kinds of tests are the most impor-
that can be adjusted in length, and the cable. This set-up makes it possible to tant applications:
pressure on the pedals is measured by a position the power supply anywhere in
load cell integrated into the coupling bar. the vehicle. Because the whole system Pedal pressure measurement
The pedal position is detected by cable is separated into three components Start-up testing
pull sensors, which are fixed firmly in the (see figure on page 32) the main unit, Stall testing
footwell of the drivers seat and can there- the head unit and the power unit it
fore be used for position control without can be transported easily and installed With the aid of powerful analysis soft-
influence by the seating dynamics. in the vehicle quickly. ware, at the start of testing, the user
2
1
4
5
6
8
7
Design of the clutch robot: can choose which correcting variables an initial evaluation of the measure-
1. Head unit should be saved in a measurement file ments while the test is still going on.
2. Connection panel
by the system with up to 1 kHz. The
3. Connection to power supply
4. Main unit user also has the option to directly con- Pedal pressure measurement
5. Linear motors nect external temperature sensors to
6. Coupling bars the system. There are also interfaces During the pedal pressure measure-
7. Load cell
8. Cable pull sensors
with the vehicle CAN bus and/or with ment test, the pressure placed on the
9. Power supply CAN-based measurement systems. Data clutch pedal and the pedal travel are
collection is carried out by the robotic recorded. Before the test begins, the
system itself, and the recorded data combustion engine speed can be set to
can be uploaded to the user PC after the desired number of revolutions via
the test has been carried out, in order the clutch robot. The clutch pedal is
to visually illustrate and evaluate the then pressed down fully and subse-
results. A live readout of the test en - quently brought back to its starting
ables the testing engineer to carry out position. The number of test repetitions
Stall testing
Force/displacement curve
Kraft-Weg-Kennlinie
150 Stall testing is similar to the vehicle
140 start-up test, although here the vehicle
130 is fixed in position with a tow bar. The
120 objective of this test is to establish the
110
drive dynamics and the stability of the
100
engine control unit in relation to the en-
90
gagement characteristics of the clutch.
The tractive power is recorded by the
Kraft [N]
[N]
80
elaborate robotic system. The behavior
Force
70
of the engine is recorded at variable
60
clutch engagement speeds, all the way
50
down to standstill.
40
30
Conclusion
20
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Boxster (Type 981): fuel consumption (in l/100 km) combined 8.8-7.7; CO2 emissions 206-180 g/km
For further information, please visit www.porsche-consulting.com.
Porsche Consulting.