Switchgear and Protection

Assignment 1

1) With a neat waveform showing the relevant quantities, explain the process of breaking of a
circuit by a fuse. Describe all processes and factors that influence them, and all terms associated
with the process.

2) Derive the fuse law for a fuse of circular cross section. What is the change in diameter of fuse
required if the fusing current is to be doubled?

3) Fuses also employ rectangular cross sections. How can the above fuse law be applied to such a
fuse? Explain the change in fusing current on doubling a) thickness of cross section b) width of
cross section. Assume that the width is much greater than the thickness.

4) List the different types of fuses used for high capacity and high voltage applications, and special
fuses for specialized applications mentioning their salient features

5) Derive the expression for the re-striking voltage and the frequency of oscillations in the case of a
terminal fault. Simulate such a fault in SIMULINK with normalized values of voltage and suitable
typical values of line inductance and capacitance. Verify the output with the waveform obtained in
simulation.

6) Derive the expression for the re-striking voltage and the frequency of oscillations in the case of
resistance switching. Show how the peak and the average rate of rise of re-striking voltage can be
determined by considering only the natural response of the system.

7) A 50 Hz solidly earthed generator is connected to a CB through a line with the following

parameters
Reactance : 42 ohms; voltage to neutral : 8.5 kV;
Capacitance to neutral : The last three digits of your USN preceded by a decimal point, in
mirofarads
( eg. USN 086 will use 0.086 microfarads)
Determine the frequency of oscillations, peak re-striking voltage and the average rate of rise of re-
striking voltage.
Dermine the value of critical resistance and the resulting re-striking voltage and rate of rise of re-
striking voltage
If a resistance of three times the critical resistance is used, then find the resulting re-striking voltage
and rate of rise of re-striking voltage.
Simulate each of the above conditions and include the plots