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Sevoflurane Administration in Status Asthmaticus: A Case Report
Sevoflurane Administration in Status Asthmaticus: A Case Report
This case report describes the use of sevoflurane in a 26- written about the use of sevoflurane in this situation.
year-old woman who presented to a rural critical access Sevoflurane was administered for approximately 2 1/2 hours,
hospital emergency department in status asthmaticus and stabilizing the patients condition enough to allow fixed-
subsequently failed conventional therapy. Although the use wing air transport to a tertiary facility.
of potent inhalation agents in the treatment of refractory Key words: Inhalation anesthetics, sevoflurane, status asth-
status asthmaticus has been documented, there is little maticus.
W
hen severe asthma symptoms fail to sium sulfate were added to her treatment regimen.
respond to emergency treatment, status Because of the patients deteriorating arterial blood
asthmaticus develops. Status asthmati- gases (and declining SpO2), it was decided to treat her
cus is a condition where the airways with an inhalation anesthetic. An anesthesia machine
become inflamed and constricted, was obtained from the operating room, and sevoflu-
causing air trapping and impaired gas exchange. Status rane was administered to 8% using positive pressure
asthmaticus is a life-threatening illness that demands ventilation. Within 13 minutes, the patients SpO2 had
immediate and aggressive treatment. Occasionally, con- increased to 94% and her breath sounds, albeit still
ventional therapies for asthma and status asthmaticus severely wheezy, had improved.
fail. The end result can be severe morbidity or death. At that point it was determined to attempt to place
Inhalation anesthesia is often overlooked as a treatment the patient back on nebulized albuterol via positive
option in refractory status asthmaticus. This is a report pressure ventilation in order to administer beta-adren-
of the use of sevoflurane in the treatment of refractory ergic agonists. Sevoflurane administration was
status asthmaticus. thereby stopped, as there was no way to administer
nebulized medications through the anesthesia
Case summary machine at this facility. Within minutes, the SpO2 val-
A 26-year-old woman presented to the rural critical ues had once again declined to a low of 36% with
access hospital emergency department (ED) in status accompanying severe cyanosis. The patient was then
asthmaticus. On admission, the patient was unre- removed from the bag-valve-mask ventilation and
sponsive. Her initial vital signs were: heart rate, 165; again placed on sevoflurane at 8% with 100% oxygen
blood pressure, 158/93; respiration, 2 (assisted up to via the anesthesia machine using positive pressure
20 via bag-valve-mask ventilation); temperature, 98.2 ventilation. Again, the patient stabilized with SpO2
axillary; and oxygen saturation (SpO2), 77% on 100% values over 90%, and her serial arterial blood gas val-
oxygen. She was intubated by the Certified Registered ues continued to improve. The patient remained on
Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA). Three prior intubation sevoflurane and was eventually weaned over the next
attempts by ED personnel had occurred and failed 2 hours while preparations were made for transport to
while awaiting the arrival of the on-call anesthetist. a tertiary facility.
Emesis was noted in the oropharynx and glottis. The Sevoflurane was discontinued and the patient was
endotracheal tube was lavaged and suctioned while placed on the flight ventilator. Arterial blood gasses
conventional asthma treatment was instituted. Treat- were repeated after 20 minutes on the flight ventilator.
ment included nebulized albuterol, subcutaneous epi- Arterial blood gas results showed continued hypercar-
nephrine, and intravenous solumedrol. The patients bia, hypoxia, and respiratory acidosis, but with over-
SpO2 remained low, ranging from 49% to 87%. Contact all improvement. Twenty-two minutes after cessation
was made to a tertiary facility that agreed to accept the of sevoflurane administration, the patient left the ED
patient after transport. The receiving physician in critical but stable condition. Mental status at the
assisted the ED staff with treatment protocols, and time of discharge was difficult to ascertain since, fol-
subsequently intravenous moxifloxacin and magne- lowing the general anesthesia, muscle relaxation and