สมบัติของลอการิทึม PDF

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1.
2.
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M , N a 0 , a 1 k
1 loga a 1
2 log a 1 0
3 loga M k k loga M
4 loga MN loga M loga N
M
5 log a log a M log a N
N
log a M
6 log N M
log a N
1
7 log a log 1 N log a N
N a
1
8 log a b
log b a
9 a loga M M
4
1
10 log a k M log a M
k
1 log a a 1

log a a x
ax a
a x a1
x 1
log a a 1

log 3 3 1
1
log 1 1
9
9
log 5
5 1
2 loga 1 0

log a 1 x
ax 1
a x a0

x0
log a 1 0
5

log 3 1 0
log 2 1 0
log 5 1 0
3 loga M k k loga M

log a M x
M ax
M k a xk
log a M k kx
log a M k
k log a M

1) log 4 25 5 log 4 2
2) log 2 10 6 6 log 2 10
3) log 5 52 2 log 5 5
4) log 3 14 4 log 3 1
1
1
5) log 5 0.2 2 log 5 0.2
2
6) log 3 32 2 log 3 3
21
2 125
7) log 5 125 log 5 53
3 log 5 5
6
3 1
2.1
( 1 3 )

1. log 3 3 =
2. log 7 1 =
3. log 2 2 =
4. log 5 1 =
5. log 4 4 =
6. log 3 35 =
7. log10 103 =
8. log 5 5 2 =
9. log 7 49 =
10. log 10 10,000 =..
1
11. log 4 =
64
1
12. log 2 4 log 1 log 6 1 =.
3
3
13. log 5 125 log 18 1 =...

7
14. log 2 32 log 3 3 9 =.

15. log 2 3
2 log 1 9 log 10 100 =.
3
4 log a MN log a M log a N
log a M x log a N y

M ax N ay

MN a x a y
MN a x y

log a MN x y

1) log 3 15 log 3 3 5
log 3 3 log 3 5
1 log 3 5
2) log 2 200 log 2 2 100
log 2 2 log 2 100
1 log 2 10 2
8
1 2 log 2 10
2.2
( 4 )

1. log 4 2 log 4 32 =..
=..
=..
=..
=..
2. log 3 3 3 =..
=..
=..
=..
=..
3. log12 9 log12 16 =..

=..
=..
=..
=..
4. log10 5 log10 2 =..

9
=..
=..
=..
=
5. log 6 3 log 6 12 =..

=..
=..
=..
=..
=..
6. log 10 4 log 10 0.0025 =

=..
=..
=..
=..
=..
1 1
7. log 2 log 2 log 2 8 =.
2 4
=..
=..
=..
=..
=..
8. log 10 25 log 10 10 log 10 4

=.
10
=..
=..
=..
=..
=.
.
M
5 log a log a M log a N
N
log a M x log a N y
M ax N ay

M ax

N ay

M
a x y
N
M
log a x y
N

16
1) log 2 log 2 16 log 2 5
5
10
2) log 3 log 3 10 log 3 3
3
25
3) log 5 log 5 25 log 5 0.01
0.01
112
log 2 112 log 2 7 log 2
4) 7
11
log 2 16
log 2 2 4
4 log 2 2
2.3
( 5 )

16
1. log 4 =..
64
=..
=..
=..
4
2. log 2 =..
16
=..
=..
=..
1
3. log 12 =..
12
=..
=..
=..
4. log 2 16 log 2 2 =..
=..
=..
=..
=..
5. log 2 80 log 2 5 =..
12
=..
=..
=..
=..
6. log 10 400 log 10 4 =..

=..
=..
=..
=..
7. log 3 125 log 3 60 log 3 27 log 3 25 log 3 12
=..
=..
=..
=..
8. 1 log 4 8 log 4 2 =..

=..
=..
=..
9. log 3 6 log 3 2 2 =..

=..
=..
=..
10. log 6 4 log 6 18 log 6 2 =

=..
13
=..
=..
log a M
6 log N M
log a N
log N M x
M Nx

log
log a M log a N x
log a M x log a N
log a M

x
log a N
log a M
log N M
log a N

log 2 9
1) log 3 9
log 2 3
log10 5
2) log 6 5
log10 6
log 2 2
log 8 2
3) log 2 8
14
log 4 x
log 4 x
4) log 4 4
log 5 y
log 3 y
5) log 5 3
1
7 log a log 1 N log a N
N a
1
log a log a N 1
N
log a N ....................1
b b 1

log 1 N log a 1 N
a
log b N

log b a 1

log b N

log b a
log b N

log b a
log a N ..................2
1
(1) (2) log a log 1 N log a N
N a

1
1) log 3 log 3 9 1
9

log 3 9
15
log 3 32
2 log 3 3
21
1
2) log 2 log 2 8 1
8
1log 2 23
3 log 2 2
31
3) log 1 16 log 2 16
2
log 2 2 4
4 log 2 2
41
1
4) log 1 log 1 27
3
27 3
log 3 27
log 3 27
log 3 27
log 3 27
3
16
8 a, b x a 1 x 1
1
log a b
log b a

log x b
log a b
log x a
log x b log x a

log x b log x b
1

log b a
1
log a b
log b a

1
1) log 3 5
log 5 3
1
2) log 125 5
log 5 125
17
1

log 5 53
1

3 log 5 5
1

3
9 aloga M M
log a M x

M ax
M a loga M

a loga M M

1)
log 2 9
2 9
log 2 5
2) 4 2 2 log 2 5
log 2 52
2
log 2 25
2
25
3) 2 2log 2 7
2 2log 2 7 2 2 log 2 2log 2 7

18
2 log 7
2 log 2 2 2
log 2 4log 2 7
2
4
log 2
7
2
4

7
1
10 log a k M log a M
k
b b 1
log b M
log k M
a
log b a k
log b M

k log b a
1 log b M

k log b a
1
loga M
k
1
log
ak
M log a M
k

1
1) log 4 log 3 4
32 2
1
2) log 2 log 2 2
25 5
1

5
19
1
3) log 100 log 10 100
103 3
1
= log 10 10 2
3
2
=
3
1
4) log
52
5 log 5 5
2
1
=
2
2.4
( 6 )

1. log 5 16
=..
log 5 2
=..
=..
=..
log 27
2. =..
log 3
=..
=..
=..
3. log 3 2 log 4 3 =..
=..
=..
=..
4. log 4 2 log 9 3 =..
=..
=..
=..
20
=..
5. log 3 18 2.6311 log 27 18
=..
=..
=..
=..
=..
2.5
( 7 )

1. log 1 9 =..
3
=..
=..
=..
1
2. log 2 =..
128
=..
=..
=..
3. log 10 0.1 =..
=..
=..
=..
4. log 1 3 3 =..
3
=..
=..
=..
21
=..
1
5. log 2 16 log 3 log 1 64
9 4
=..
=..
=..
=..
2.6
( 8 )

1. log81 3 =..
=..
=..
=..
2. log 243 3 =..
=..
=..
=..
3. log 8 4 =..
=..
=..
=..
4. log 49 7 =..
=..
=..
=..
=..
5. log 64 16
22
=..
=..
=..
=..
=..
=.
2.7
( 9 )

1. 4 log 2 3 =..
=..
=..
=..
2. 9 log3 5 =..
=..
=..
=..
3. 5log 5 3log 5 2 =..
=..
=..
=..
log 3 5 2 log 3 2
4. 3 =..
=..
=..
=..
23
=..
1 log 5
5. 4 4 =.
=..
=..
=..
=..
.
2.8
( 10 )

1. log 23 5 =..
=..
=..
=..
2. log 32 3 =..
=..
=..
=..
3. log 25 5 =..
=..
=..
=..
4. log 64 2 =..
=..
=..
=..
=..
24
5. log1000 10 =..
=..
=..
=..
=..
1 log a log a a

log a log a a = log a 1 ........................................
= 0

2 1 1
log 2 8 log 2 4
4 4
1
log 2 8 log 2 4 =
1 1 1
log 2 23 log 2 22
..

4 4 4 4

= 1 3log 2 2 1 2log 2 2 ..
4 4
= 3 1 2 1
..
4 4
= 32
4 4
= 5
4
3 log8 log3 log 4 64

log8 log 3 log 4 64 =
log 8 log 3 log 4 43
..

= log8 log 3 3 log 4 4 .

25
= log 8 log 3 3

= log 8 1 .

= 0 .
2.9

1. log 3 9log 4 16 log 2 8log 3 81
...
...
...
...
...
2. log 2 16 log 3 1 log 1 64
9 4
...
...
...
...
...
3. log 1 8 log 1 25 log 1 27
2 5 3
...
...
...
...
26
...
...
...
...
...
5. 36 log 6 5
...
...
...
6. 491log 7 2 5 log 5 2
...
...
...
...
7. 4 log 4 15log 4 3
...
...
...
...
8. 5 2 log5 6log5 9
...
...
...
...
1 1
9. log 1 16 log 1 log 5
2 3
81 625
...
...
27
...
...
10. log a a a a
...
...
... .
2.1
( 1 3 )

1. log 3 3 = 1
2. log 7 1 = 0
3. log 2 2 = 1
4. log 5 1 = 0
5. log 4 4 = 1
6. log 3 35 = 5
7. log 10 10 3 = 3
8. log 5 5 2 = -2
9. log 7 49 = 2
10. log 10 10,000 = 4
1
11. log 4 = -3
64
28
1
12. log 2 4 log 1 log 6 1 = 3
3
3
13. log 5 125 log 18 1 = 0

14. log 2 32 log 3 3 9 = 17
3
1
15. log 2 3 2 log 1 9 log10 100 =
3
3
2.2
( 4 )
1. log 4 2 log 4 32 = log 4 2 32
= log 4 64
= log 4 4 3
= 3 log 4 4
= 3
2. log 3 3 3 = log 3 3 log 3 3

1
= 1 log 3 32
1
= 1 log 3 3
2
1
= 1
2
3
=
2
3. log 12 9 log 12 16 = log 12 9 16

29
= log12 144
= log 12 12 2
= 2 log12 12
= 2
4. log 10 5 log 10 2 = log10 5 2

= log10 10
= 1
5. log 6 3 log 6 12 = log 6 3 12
= log 6 36
= log 6 6 2
= 2 log 6 6
= 2
6. log 10 4 log 10 0.00 25 = log10 4 0.0025
= log10 0.01
= log 10102
= 2 log 10 10
= 2
7.
1 1
log 2 log 2 8 = 1 1
log 2 log 2 8
2 4 2 4
= log 2 1
= 0
8. log10 25 log10 10 log 10 4 = log 10 25 10 4
= log 10 1000
30
= log 10 10 3
= 3 log 10 10
= 3
2.3
( 5 )

1. log 4 16 = log 4 16 log 4 64
64
= log 4 4 2 log 4 4 3
= 2 log 4 4 3 log 4 4
= 23
= 1
2. log 2
4
= log 2 4 log 2 16
16
= log 2 2 2 log 2 2 4
= 2 log 2 2 4 log 2 2
= 24
= 2
3. log 12
1
= log 12 1 log 12 12
12
= 0 1
= 1
31
4. log 2 16 log 2 2 = log 2

16
2
= log 2 8
= log 2 2 3
= 3 log 2 2
= 3
5. = 80
log 2 80 log 2 5 log 2
5
= log 2 16
= log 2 2 4
= 4 log 2 2
= 4
6. = 400
log 10 400 log 10 4 log 10
4
= log 2 100
= log 2 10 2
= 2 log 10 10
= 2
= 125 27 12
log 3
60 25
= log 3 27
= log 3 33
= 3 log 3 3
= 3
8. 1 log 4 8 log 4 2 = log 4 4 log 4 8 log 4 2

32
48
= log 4
2
= log 4 16
= log 4 4 2
= 2 log 4 4
= 2
9. log 3 6 log 3 2 2 = log 3 6 log 3 2 2

= log 3 6 log 3 2 2 log 3 3
= log 3 6 log 3 2 log 3 3 2
= log 3 6 log 3 2 log 3 9
= 69
log 3
2
= log 3 27
= log 3 33
= 3 log 3 3
= 3
= 4 18
10. log 6 4 log 6 18 log 6 2 log 6
2
= log 6 36
= log 6 6 2
= 2 log 6 6
= 2
************************
33
2.4
( 6 )

log 5 16
1. = log 2 16
log 5 2
= log 2 2 4
= 4 log 2 2
= 4
log 27
2. = log 3 27
log 3
= log 3 33
= 3 log 3 3
= 3
3. log 3 2 log 4 3 = log 10 2 log 10 3

log 10 3 log 10 4
= log 10 2
log 10 4
log 10 2
=
log 10 2 2
34
= log 10 2
2 log 10 2
= 1
2
4. log 4 2 log 9 3 = log 10 2 log 10 3

log 10 4 log 10 9
log 10 2 log 10 3
= 2

log 10 2 log 10 3 2
= log 10 2

log 10 3
2 log 10 2 2 log 10 3
= 1 1

2 2
= 1
5. log 3 18 2.6311 log 27 18
log 3 18
log 27 18 =
log 3 27
log 3 18
=
log 3 33
= 2.6311
3 log 3 3
= 2.6311
3
= 0.877
35
2.5
( 7 )

1. log 1 9 log 3 3 2
3
2 log 3 3
2
1
2. log 2 log 2 2 7
128
7 log 2 2
7
1
3. log 10 0.1 log 10
10
log 10 10 1
1
4. log 1 3 3 log 1 3 log 1 3
3 3 3
1
log 3 3 log 3 32
1
1 log 3 3
2
1
1
2
36
3

2
5. log 2 16 log 3
1
9
log 1 64
log 2 2 4 log 3 9 1 log 4 43
4
4 log 2 2 log 3 9 3 log 4 4

41 log 3 32 3 log 4 4
4 2 3
2.6
( 8 )

1. log 81 3
1
log 3 81
1

log 3 3 4
1

4 log 3 3
1

4
1
2. log 243 3
log 3 243
1

log 3
35
1

log
3
2 3
5 2
1

log 3 310
1

10 log 3 3
1

10
3. log 8 4
1
log 4 8
37
1

log 2 2 23
1
3
log 2 2 2
1

3
log 2 2
2
2

3
4. log 49 7
1
log 7 49
1

log 7 7 2
1

2 log 7 7
1

2
5. log 64 16
1
log 64 16
log 16 64
1

log 2 4 3
4
1

4
1 1
3 2
log 2
4
2

1
3
log 4 42
1

3
log 4 4
2
1

3
2
2

3
38
**************************
2.7
( 9 )

log 2 3
1. 4 2 2 log 2 3
2
2 log 2 3
32
9
2. 9
log 3 5
32 log 2 5
2
3log 2 5
52
25
3. 5log 5 3log 5 2 5log 5 32

5log 5 6
6
log 3 52 log 32 2
4. 3 3log3 5log3 2
log 3 5log 3 4
3
39
5
log3
4
3
5

4
log 4 4log 4 5
5. 4 1log 45 4
log 4 45
4
log 4 20
4
20
2.8
( 10 )

1
1. log
23
5 = log 2 5
3
1
2. log
32
3 = log 3 3
2
= 1
1
2
= 1
2
3. log 25 5 = log 5 2 5
= 1
log 5 5
2
= 1
1
2
= 1
2
4. log 64 2 = log 26 2
1
= log 2 2
6
= 1
1
6
= 1
6
5. log1000 10 = log
103
10
40
= 1
log10 10
3
= 1
1
3
1
=
3
2.9
1. log 3 9log 4 16 log 2 8log 3 81

log 3 32 log 4 4 2 log 2 23 log 3 34

2 log 3 32 log 4 4 3 log 2 24 log 3 3

22 34
4 12
16
1
2. log 2 16 log 3 log 1 64
9 4
log 2 2 4 log 3 9 1 log 1 43

4
log 2 2 4 log 3 32 log 4 43
423

5
41
3. log 1 8 log 1 25 log 1 27

2 5 3

log 2 8 log 5 25 log 3 27
log 2 23 log 5 52 log 3 33

3 log 2 2 2 log 5 5 3 log 3 3

3 2 3
8
= log 3 125 27 16

80 25

= log 3 27
= log 3 33
= 3 log 3 3

=3
5. 36 log 6 5
= 6 2 log 6 5

log 6 52
= 6

= 52
= 25
6. 491log7 2 5 log5 2
49log7 7log7 2 5 log5 2

7
1

log 7
49 2 5log5 2
7
7
2 log 7
2 5log5 2
1

42
2
7
7
log 7
2
5log5 2
1

2
7
2 1
2
49 1

4 2
49 2

4 4
51

4
7. 4 log 4 15log 4 3

15
log 4
=4 3 ..
= 4log 4 5
..
=5
8. 52 log 5 6 log 5 9

.
2 log 9
5 log5 6 5
5log5 36log5 9
log 5
36

5 9 .
36

9
.
4
43
9. log 1 16 log 1
1
log 5
1
81 625
2 3

= log 2 16 log 3 1 log 5 1
81 625

= log 2 2 4
log 3 81 1
log 5 625 1
.
= log 2 24 log 3 34 log 5 54

= 4 log 2 2 4 log 3 3 4 log 5 5

=444
= 4
10. log a a a a
1 1 1

= log a a 2 a 4 a 8 ..
= log a a 2
1 1 1

4 8
...
7
= log a a 8
= 7 log a a

8
7

8

...................
****************************
44

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1

4 loga MN loga M loga N

13. log 5 125 log 18 1 =...

14. log 2 32 log 3 3 9 =.

4 log a MN log a M log a N

2) log 2 200 log 2 2 100

log 2 2 log 2 100

3. log12 9 log12 16 =..

4. log10 5 log10 2 =..

5. log 6 3 log 6 12 =..

6. log 10 4 log 10 0.0025 =

8. log 10 25 log 10 10 log 10 4

6. log 10 400 log 10 4 =..

7. log 3 125 log 3 60 log 3 27 log 3 25 log 3 12

8. 1 log 4 8 log 4 2 =..

9. log 3 6 log 3 2 2 =..

10. log 6 4 log 6 18 log 6 2 =

2 2log 2 7 2 2 log 2 2log 2 7

3 log8 log3 log 4 64

13. log 5 125 log 18 1 = 0

1. log 4 2 log 4 32 = log 4 2 32

2. log 3 3 3 = log 3 3 log 3 3

3. log 12 9 log 12 16 = log 12 9 16

4. log 10 5 log 10 2 = log10 5 2

5. log 6 3 log 6 12 = log 6 3 12

6. log 10 4 log 10 0.00 25 = log10 4 0.0025

8. log10 25 log10 10 log 10 4 = log 10 25 10 4

4. log 2 16 log 2 2 = log 2

7. log 3 125 log 3 60 log 3 27 log 3 25 log 3 12

8. 1 log 4 8 log 4 2 = log 4 4 log 4 8 log 4 2

9. log 3 6 log 3 2 2 = log 3 6 log 3 2 2

= log 3 6 log 3 2 log 3 3 2

= log 3 6 log 3 2 log 3 9

3. log 3 2 log 4 3 = log 10 2 log 10 3

4. log 4 2 log 9 3 = log 10 2 log 10 3

5. log 3 18 2.6311 log 27 18

4 log 2 2 log 3 9 3 log 4 4

3. 5log 5 3log 5 2 5log 5 32

1. log 3 9log 4 16 log 2 8log 3 81

log 2 2 4 log 3 9 1 log 1 43

log 2 2 4 log 3 32 log 4 43

3. log 1 8 log 1 25 log 1 27

4. log 3 125 log 3 80 log 3 27 log 3 25 log 3 16

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