HYDROLOGY 1

Hydrology & Hydrologic Cycle:

Phases of Hydrological
y g Cycle,
y Philippine
pp Watersheds

h Manuell B.Vergell
John
BS CE, MS
BS-CE, CE
MS-CE
Introduction
y Hydrology treats of the waters of the Earth
Earth, their occurrence
occurrence,
circulation,
l , andd ddistribution,
b , their
h chemical
h l andd physical
phy l
properties and their relation to living things.
properties, things

y Hydrology
Hydrology is the study of water
water

y It is the science that encompasses the occurrence,

occurrence distribution
distribution,
movement andd properties
p p off the
h waters off the
h earthh andd their
h
relationship with the environment within each phase of the
hydrologic cycle

y Engineering
g g Hydrology
y gy includes those segments
g of the field
pertinent
ti t tto planning,
l i ddesign,i andd operation
ti off engineering
i i
projects for the control and use of water.
water
Hydrologic
y g Cycle
y
.
Hydrologic
y g Cycle
y
1
1. Evaporation - the transformation of water from liquid to
gas phases as it moves from the ground or bodies of water
i the
into h overlying
lyi g atmosphere.
ph Th The source off energy
gy ffor
e aporation
evaporation
p is pprimarily
primarily solar radiation.
radiation

2
2. Transpiration
T pi ti - the th release
l off water
t vapor
p from
f plants
pl t
and soil into the air.
air Water vapor is a gas that cannot be
seen.
seen

3
3. Sublimation - the state change directly from solid water
(snow or ice) to water vapor.
Hydrologic
y g Cycle
y
4
4. Condensation - the transformation of water vapor to
liquid water droplets in the air,
air creating clouds and fog.
fog

5. Transportation is the movement of water through the

Transportation-
atmosphere,
ph , specifically
p f lly from
f over the
h oceans to over lland.
d
S
Some off the
h earth's
h' moisture
i transport
p is i visible
i ibl as clouds,
l d,
which
hi h th
themselves
l consist
i t off iice crystals
y t l and/or
d/
ti y water
tiny t droplets.
d pl t

6
6. Precipitation Condensed water vapor that falls to the
Precipitation-
Earth'ss surface . Most precipitation occurs as rain, but also
Earth
includes snow, hail, fog drip, graupel and sleet.
Hydrologic
y g Cycle
y
7
7. Deposition
p - this refers to changing
g g of water vapor
directly to ice

8. a. Infiltration - the flow of water from the ground

surface
f into the h ground.
g d O Once infiltrated,
fl d, the
h water
b
becomes soil
il moisture
i or groundwater.
g d

b. Percolation - Water flows vertically through the soil

b
and rocks under the influence of gravity.
gravity
Hydrologic
y g Cycle
y
9
9. aa. Surface Flow - is flow from a drainage basin or
watershed that appears in surface streams.
streams The flow is made
upp partly
p ly off pprecipitation
ipi i thath ffalls ll di
directly
ly on the
h stream ,
surface runoff that flows
flo s over
o er the land surface and through g
channels subsurface runoff that infiltrates the surface soils
channels,
aand moves
oves laterally
ate a y towa
towardss tthee stream.
st ea .

b. Groundwater Flow - is flow from deep percolation

through
h gh the h soill hhorizons. PPart off the
h subsurface
b f flflow
enters
t theth stream
t quickly,
q i kly while
hil th
the remaining
i i g portion
p ti mayy
take a longer period before joining the water in the stream.
stream
Part of the subsurface flow enters the stream quickly, while
th remaining
the i i g pportion
ti mayy ttakek a llonger
g period
p i d bbefore
f
joining the water in the stream.
stream
Phili i
Philippine
Watersheds
y Philippine
Philippiness
Major
M j BBasins
i
(source: NWRB)
Philippine
pp Watersheds
y Philippine
Philippiness
Major
M j BBasins
i
(source: NWRB)
Philippine
pp Watersheds
y Philippine
Philippiness
Major
M j BBasins
i
(source: NWRB)
Phili i
Philippine
Watersheds
y Pampanga
g
River Basin
Ri B i
(source: PRBFFWC )
Philippine
pp Watersheds
y Cagayan
gy
Ri Basin
River B i