STUDENT CODE OF ETHIC

(SCE)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES

UTHM

I, hereby confess that I have prepared this report on my own effort. I also admit not to receive or
give any help during the preparation of this report and pledge that everything mentioned in the
report is true.

_________________
Student Signature

Name :

Matric No. :

Date :
 CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING LABORATORY

REPORT

SUBJECT CODE

TEST CODE & TITLE MMB 01 / IMPACT OF A JET

COURSE CODE
TESTING DATE
STUDENT NAME
GROUP
1.
2.
GROUP MEMBER NAMES 3.
4.
5.

LECTURER/ INSTRUCTOR/ TUTOR

NAME

REPORT RECEIVED DATE

MARKS

* Please Refer Laboratory Rubric

attached

EXAMINER COMMENT RECEIVED STAMP

CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES PAGE NO.: 1/10

 EDITION: 1
DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
REVIEW NO.: 03
EFFECTIVE DATE: 1/7/10

TEST TITLE: IMPACT OF A JET

AMENDMENT DATE: 1/7/10

1.0 OBJECTIVE
TO VERIFY THEORIES OF FORCES GENERATED BY IMPACT OF THE JET ON DIFFERENT SHAPES OF
VANE

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOME

At the end of this experiment, students are able to:
Describe the deflection of the jet generates forces on the vane.
Identify the relationship between force and rate of momentum flow in the jet.
Measure the force generated by a jet of water striking a plate.
3.0 THEORY OF THE EXPERIMENT

A jet of water is produced when water is fed to a vertical pipe terminating in a tapered nozzle. The jet will impinge on
a vane, of different shapes. Vanes usually used are flat plate, inclined plate, curved plate and hemispherical cup.
Equation used to determine the force of jet impact (Fy) is given as:

Fy = Q ( Vy1 - Vy2 cos ) , Vy1 = initial velocity Vy2 = final velocity (after impingement)
Q
where, V
A

1. Flat plate

Figure 3.1: Flat plate

Q
2
Q
F y Q 0
A A

CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES PAGE NO.: 2/10

EDITION: 1
DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
REVIEW NO.: 03
EFFECTIVE DATE: 1/7/10
TEST TITLE: IMPACT OF A JET
AMENDMENT DATE: 1/7/10
2. 120 curved plate

Q 1 Q
Fy Q
A 2 A
Q 2 Q 2 3Q 2
Fy
A 2A 2A

Figure 3.2: 120o curved plate

1 1Q
where, from analysis, velocity after impingement Vy 2 V
2 2A

3. Hemispherical cup
Q Q 2Q 2 Q
Fy Q where, velocity after impingement Vy 2
A A A A
 CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES PAGE NO.: 3/10
EDITION: 1
DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
REVIEW NO.: 03
EFFECTIVE DATE: 1/7/10

TEST TITLE: IMPACT OF A JET

AMENDMENT DATE: 1/7/10

4.0 EQUIPMENTS

1. Hydraulic bench
2. Jet impact apparatus
3. Stop watch
4. Vernier caliper

Given:
Diameter of nozzle = 10 mm
Gravity acceleration, g = 9.81 ms 2
From analysis, slope of the graph as in theory is given by:

Flat plate =
gA

3
120 curved plate =
2gA

2
Hemispherical cup =
gA

Figure 4.1: Equipments used 4.2: Jet impact apparatus

CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES PAGE NO.: 4/10

 EDITION: 1
DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
REVIEW NO.: 03
EFFECTIVE DATE: 1/7/10

TEST TITLE: IMPACT OF A JET

AMENDMENT DATE: 1/7/10
 Figure 4.3: Jet Impact Apparatus

CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES PAGE NO.: 5/10

 EDITION: 1
DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
REVIEW NO.: 03
EFFECTIVE DATE: 1/7/10
TEST TITLE: IMPACT OF A JET
AMENDMENT DATE: 1/7/10

5.0 PROCEDURES

1. First, take off the top plate and the transparent cylinder. Then, measure the diameter of the
nozzle. Assemble the flat plate to the lever that carries a jockey weight.
2. Assemble the top plate and cylinder to the apparatus. Connect the supply pipe from the hydraulic
bench to the inlet pipe of the apparatus.

Figure 5.1: Arrangement of apparatus

3. The apparatus is first levelled and the lever is set to a balanced position (as indicated by a tally
supported from it) by placing the jockey weight at its zero position, and then adjusting the knurled nut
above the spring.

Figure 5.2: Jockey weight restrained by a light spring

4. Any force generated by impact of the jet on the vane is measured by moving the jockey weight
along the lever until the tally shows that it has been restored to its original balanced position.
5. Nominal weight is place on the lever first (it is suggested that initial weight and incremental
weight = 20g). Water is then admitted through the bench supply valve.
6. The force on the vane will displace the lever, which is then restored to its balanced position by
sliding the jockey weight along the lever. Then, cover the opening at the base of the hydraulic bench.

CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES PAGE NO.: 6/10

EDITION: 1
DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
REVIEW NO.: 03
TEST TITLE: IMPACT OF A JET EFFECTIVE DATE: 1/7/10
 AMENDMENT DATE: 1/7/10

Figure 5.3: Move the jockey weight along the lever

7. Record the volume of water and time to determine the flow rate. Also, record the weight on the
lever.

Figure 5.4: Determining flow rate

8. Repeat the procedure (step 1 to 7) for 120o curved plate and hemispherical cup.

CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES PAGE NO.: 7/10

EDITION: 1
DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
REVIEW NO.: 03
EFFECTIVE DATE: 1/7/10
TEST TITLE: IMPACT OF A JET
AMENDMENT DATE: 1/7/10
6.0 RESULT AND CALCULATIONS

1. Record the readings in the table below.

a) Flat plate
Mass of jockey Volume of water
Time t (s) Flow rate Q (l/s) Q2
weight m (g) V (l)

b) 1200 curved plate

Mass of jockey Volume of water
Time t (s) Flow rate Q (l/s) Q2
weight m (g) V (l)

c) Hemispherical cup
Mass of jockey Volume of water
Time t (s) Flow rate Q (l/s) Q2
weight m (g) V (l)

2. Plot the graph of mass of jockey weight m versus Q 2 for flat plate, 120o inclined plate and hemispherical cup
and find the slope of the graphs.

CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES PAGE NO.: 8/10

EDITION: 1
DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
REVIEW NO.: 03
EFFECTIVE DATE: 1/7/10
TEST TITLE: IMPACT OF A JET
AMENDMENT DATE: 1/7/10
7.0 QUESTIONS

1. For every plate, record and calculate Q and Q2 and plot graphs of mass of jockey weight m versus Q2.
Theoretically, slope of the graphs is given as:

a. Flat plate
gA
3
b. 120o inclined plate
2gA
2
c. Hemispherical cup
gA

2. Compare the value between the slope at the graph and the theory value
Q 2
a. Flat plate
A
3 Q 2
b. 120o inclined plate
2A
2 Q 2
c. Hemispherical cup
A

3. From the result, comment on the graphs slope and theoretical value.

4. Give a conclusion for this test.

5. Questions by lecturer

6. Question by lecturer

CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES PAGE NO.: 9/10

EDITION: 1
DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
REVIEW NO.: 03
EFFECTIVE DATE: 1/7/10
TEST TITLE: IMPACT OF A JET
AMENDMENT DATE: 1/7/10
8.0 Answers
CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES PAGE NO.: 10/10
EDITION: 1
DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
REVIEW NO.: 03
EFFECTIVE DATE: 1/7/10
TEST TITLE: IMPACT OF A JET
AMENDMENT DATE: 1/7/10