UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 2

BMCG 2011

LABORATORY PROPOSAL

NO.: NAME MATRIX NO.:

1 Mohd Haikal bin Mohd Shukor BS04181027
2 Mohd Nawawi bin Mohamad Faudzi BS04181028
3 Muhamad Farizal Amin bin Sulaiman
BS04181029
4 Muhamad Izwandi bin Aliyas
BS04181030

SEMESTER/SESSION: SEM 1 / SESSION 2022-2023

FLUID MECHANIC 1: IMPACT OF A JET

LECTURER: DR. MOHD HANIF BIN HARUN

LECTURER REMARKS EVALUATION

Objectives and Hypothesis

Methodology

Expected Results &

Conclusions

TOTAL MARKS
 LABORATORY PROPOSAL
IMPACT OF A JET EXPERIMENT

OBJECTIVE

To measure the force generated by impact of the jet on 2 type of vanes;

i. Flat Plate
ii. Hemispherical Cup
To compare the result from the experiment with theory calculation.
To understand how the force, affect the rate of momentum flow in the jet.

HYPOTHESIS

Vane shape of hemispherical cup will give more momentum flow compare to flat shape vane.
Force is directly proportional with momentum; higher force value gives higher momentum value.

METHODOLOGY

Apparatus.

Hydraulic bench (gravimetric)

I. A Hydraulic Bench is a self-contained water supply device that allows recirculating water
from a Sump Tank into different hydraulic devices. A centrifugal Pump moves water from
the Sump Tank through a hose into a Water Inlet at the top of the bench.

Stopwatch (Analog / Digital)

I. Device to record time interval related for the test.

Loading weight
I. Standard loads consist of 2.0 kg and 1.0kg weight of metal function as a counterweight.

Deflector plate
I. Test item consist of flat plate and hemispherical plate.
Schematic Diagram.
 Figure 1: The impact of a jet apparatus

Procedure.

Set the weigh beam lever (of Figure 1) to the balance position with the jockey weight at Zero
position by adjusting the nut (Impact of a Jet Apparatus). The beam lever is balance once it is in
a horizontal position when the tally indicator is in line with the top plate.

Slide the weigh

beam stop (of
Figure 2) out of line
of the beam
and lift the beam
for 10 – 15
seconds to ensure
the weigh tank is
empty

(Hydraulic bench).

Slide the weigh beam stop above the weigh beam (of Figure 2).

Figure 2

Switch on the pump and open the bench supply valve to maximum.
Start timing when the weigh beam touching the weigh beam stop and place selected mass
immediately on the weight hanger (8 kg).

When the mass of water collected balances the mass of the weight hanger, the beam will rise
again to the horizontal position and touching the weigh beam stop, immediately stop the timer
and record the time interval.

Adjust the jockey weight (Figure 1) position to set the weigh beam lever at balance position (refer
to tally indicator) in line with the top plate.

Record the time and jockey weight distance into Table 1 for flat plate or Table 2 for hemispherical
cup.

Switch off the pump.

To drain the weigh tank, depress weigh beam above weight hanger and slide weigh beam stop
away. Gently let weigh beam rise until it stops against the sump tank. Remove the weights and
the tank will continue draining. (Lift it for 10 - 15 seconds to drain completely).

Repeat the procedures (b) to (g) with decreasing the water flow rate by closing the supply valve
three-quarter turn each time.
Note:
i. The mass of water collected is three times the mass used on the weight hanger.
ii. Repeat the above experiment with at least six readings of flow rate.
iii. Change the vane to different type and repeat again the above procedures

EXPECTED RESULT

Table 1: Experimental data result of Impact of a Jet for Flat Plate.

Water Mass Initial

Time Distance Velocity Momentum Force
mass flowrate velocity
t (s) y (m) u (m/s) ṁ.u0 (N) F (N)
(kg) ṁ (kg/s) u0 (m/s)
24

24

24
24

24
24

Table 2: Experimental data result of Impact of a Jet for Hemispherical Cup.

 Water Mass Initial
Time Distance Velocity Momentum Force
mass flowrate velocity
t (s) y (m) u (m/s) ṁ.u0 (N) F (N)
(kg) ṁ (kg/s) u0 (m/s)
24
24

24
24

24

24

CONCLUSION

As a conclusion, the calculated force is correlated with the measured force. Both forces
will have directly proportional relation. Theoretically, the calculated force should be the same as
the measured force. However, this cannot be achieved experimentally due to the errors made
during the experiment. From this experiment, the flow rate for the hemisphere is found to be the
lowest and thus require a longer time for the volumetric tank to rise.