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Lecture6 PDF
Lecture6 PDF
Copyright 2006, The Johns Hopkins University, Patrick Breysse, and Peter S. J. Lees. All rights reserved. Use of
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Noise
Continued 4
Noise and Sound
5
Noise
Continued 7
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
(NIHL)
NIOSH estimates that > 4 million
production workers are exposed to
hazardous noise
This represents approximately 17%
of all production workers
8
Section B
Physics of Sound
Physics of Sound
Theory
The vibration of a source causes
pressure changes in air which result
in pressure waves
Perceived sound is comprised of
numerous pressure waves of
varying characteristics
Continued 10
Physics of Sound
Continued 12
Octave Bands
Continued 13
Octave Bands
fc = (f1f2)1/2
Where: fc is center frequency and f1
and f2 are lower and upper band
edges respectively
Hz
31.5, 62, 125, 250, 500, 1K, 2K, 4K, 8K, 16K
14
Sound Pressure
Continued 16
Sound Pressure
17
Section C
Decibel Notation
Sound Pressure Level (SPL)
and Sound Pressure (Pa)
19
Sound Pressure
Decibel scale
acoustic energy
decibel = 10Log
reference energy
p 2
dB = 10 log 2
po
Continued 21
Decibel Scale
0.02Pa
20 Log = 60dB
0.00002Pa
Continued 23
Sound Pressure Exercises
0.06Pa
20 Log = 69.5dB
0.00002Pa
24
Adding Sound Pressure Levels
= 83 dB
Continued 26
Adding Sound Pressure Levels
Continued 27
Adding Sound Pressure Levels
Adapted by CTLT 30
Sound Weighting
Continued 31
Sound Weighting
Continued 32
Sound Weighting
33
Section E
Continued 35
Noise Standards and Guidelines
8 90
4 95
2 100
1 105
0.5 110
38
Hearing Conservation
Amendment to PEL
Hearing Conservation Amendment
(HCA) 19811983
Recognition that PEL was not
protective
Action level = 50% of PEL = hearing
conservation program require
Criteria level = 90 dBA
Threshold level = 80 dBA
Exchange rate = 5 dBA
39
OSHA Noise HCA (1983Present)
Exposure Time, Hrs PEL, dBA
32 80
16 85
8 90
4 95
2 100
1 105
0.5 110
40
Calculating % Noise Dose
C1 C 2 Cn
% Dose = + + + 100
T1 T 2 Tn
4 2 2
+ + 100 = 25% of PEL
8
Answer: No, since dose <100%
44
% Noise Dose
Exercise 2B
47
ACGIH and NIOSH Guidelines
Exposure Time, Hrs TLV/REL, dBA
25 80
11 82
8 85
5 88
2 91
0.5 110
48
Challenges