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Bozzano FGR Europe CC 8sept14
Bozzano FGR Europe CC 8sept14
Michele Bozzano
EUFORGEN
Bioversity International
Need for seed Nordic forests in coming decades - Son, 8 September 2014
European Forest Genetic Resources
Programme
Established in 1994 as a pan-European
implementation mechanism of Strasbourg
Resolution 2 (Conservation of forest
genetic resources) 1st FOREST
EUROPE Ministerial Conference (1990)
Funded by member countries (25)
National Coordinators Steering
Committee
Working groups with specific tasks and
deadlines
Activities coordinated by Secretariat
(hosted by Bioversity International)
www.euforgen.org/about-euforgen/
EUFORGEN representatives from
Nordic Countries during Phase IV
National Coordinators and Focal Points
Denmark: Ditte Christina Olrik
Finland: Mari Rusanen
Iceland: Throstur Eysteinsson
Norway: Tor Myking
Sweden: Sanna Black-Samuelsson
Nominated exerts
Denmark: Ditte Christina Olrik, Lars Graudal, Erik Kjaer
Finland: Mari Rusanen, Leena Yrjana, Sanna Paanukoski
Norway: Mari Mette Tollefsrud, Tor Myking, Kjersti
Bakkeb Fjellstad
Sweden: Sanna Black-Samuelsson
EUFORGEN outputs
Conservation strategies
& methods
Technical guidelines
Distribution maps
Databases
Publications & reports
EUFORGEN Phase IV 2010-2014
3150 units
99 tree
species
3948
populations
34 countries
EUFGIS Data providers from Nordic
Countries
Denmark (73)
Finland (43)
Iceland (1)
Norway (23)
Sweden (14)
Selected EUFGIS case studies
Vulnerability of two selected target species within the genetic conservation units. The figures relate the current
favourability of a unit for the respective species to its favourability in the future. The size of the circle shows the
expected velocity of change. Thresholds are given for a required sensitivity of 95% (black dashed lines) and the
prevalence observed in the models (grey continuous lines). Populations in the upper-right corner are less
endangered because they match the climatic conditions very well, whereas tree populations in the lower left
corner are expected to have experienced stressful climatic borders already in the past and might thus contain local
adaptations. Tree populations in the left upper border will likely have better conditions in the future than today.
Dynamic conservation of forest genetic
resources in 33 European countries
Abstract : Dynamic conservation of forest genetic resources (FGR) meansmaintaining the genetic
diversity of trees within an evolutionary process and allowing generation turnover in the forest.We
assessed the network of forests areas managed for the dynamic conservation of FGR (conservation
units) across Europe (33 countries).
On the basis of information available in the European Information System on FGR (EUFGIS Portal),
species distribution maps, and environmental stratification of the continent, we developed
ecogeographic indicators, a marginality index, and demographic indicators to assess and monitor
forest conservation efforts. The pan-European network has 1967 conservation units, 2737
populations of target trees, and 86 species of target trees. We detected a poor coincidence between
FGR conservation and other biodiversity conservation objectives within this network. We identified 2
complementary strategies: a species-oriented strategy in which national conservation networks are
specifically designed for key target species and a site-oriented strategy in which multiple-target units
include so-called secondary species conserved within a few sites. The network is highly unbalanced
in terms of species representation, and 7 key target species are conserved in 60% of the
conservation units. We performed specific gap analyses for 11 tree species, including assessment of
ecogeographic, demographic, and genetic criteria. For each species, we identified gaps, particularly
in the marginal parts of their distribution range, and found multiple redundant conservation units in
other areas.
The Mediterranean forests and to a lesser extent the boreal forests are underrepresented. Monitoring
the conservation efficiency of each unit remains challenging; however, <2% of the conserved
populations seem to be at risk of extinction. On the basis of our results, we recommend combining
species-oriented and site-oriented strategies.
EUFORGEN WG 1
Genetic Conservation Strategies
Started in June 2011
Members: Sven de Vries (WG Leader); Murat Alan; Michele
Bozzano; Vaclav Burianek; Eric Collin; Joan Cottrell; Mladen
Ivankovic; Colin Kelleher; Jarkko Koskela; Peter Rotach;
Lorenzo Vietto; Leena Yrjana
Without
Without
Without
50 km2
Pilot species
Total >
With
With
Units
Units
Total
units
units
Total
units
units
With
20 5 69 40
Pinus halepensis 5 4 1 6 3 3 18 4 14
Pinus nigra 15 10 5 7 4 3 61 21 40
Pinus sylvestris 33 17 16 6 5 1 97 33 64
Fraxinus excelsior
scattered
38 7 149
species
9 29 4 3 12 137
Widely
Populus nigra
Populus tremula 41 3 38 6 3 3 140 5 135
25 7 84 76
Restricted-
distribution
5 20 3 4 8
Castanea sativa
locally
9 4 5 5 2 3 24 7 17
Pinus cembra
d
Environmental zoning of Europe based on : Metzger MJ,
Bunce RGH, Jongman RHG, Sayre R, Trabucco A, Zomer R,
2013. A high resolution bioclimate map of the world: a unifying
framework for global
biodiversity research.
Global Ecology and
Biogeography, 22: 630-638.
Revised environmental
zoning of Europe
aggregate the four scales
of the aridity index
occurring in Europe
The working group concluded that the new environmental stratification with 14 zones in Europe, as presented by Metzger et al.
(2013), is too detailed for the purpose of developing the pan-European genetic conservation strategy for forest trees. To make it
better reflect the broad-scale adaptation of forest trees, the working group decided to further aggregate the four scales of the aridity
index occurring in Europe (xeric, dry, mesic and moist) into two scales (dry and moist). The five scales of temperature occurring in
Europe (extremely cold, cold, cool, warm and hot) were kept as presented by Metzger et al. (2013), with the exception of the Arctic
areas which were merged into the extremely cold areas. The modified aggregation resulted in a total of eight environmental zones for
Europe. The legend shows with the alphabets how the original zones of Metzger et al. (2013) were aggregated into the new ones by
the working group.
Picea abies
Picea abies
Overview of Picea abies DCUs
in Nordic countries and gaps
Number of
Total area conservation
Global Environmental species (km2) units (as of 13
Zone name In the country March 2014) Remarks
Extremily cold -
Norway ABCDF 30496 3 -
Cold and moist - EG 82346 2 -
Extremily cold -
Sweden ABCDF 62971 0 GAP
Cold and moist - EG 269169 1 -
Cool and dry - HI 2892 0 GAP
Extremily cold -
Finland ABCDF 57714 2 -
Cold and moist - EG 243847 7 -
EUFORGEN Working Group on FGR
Conservation and Climate Change
Started in June 2013
Members: Andreas Rudow (Switzerland); Colin Kelleher
(Ireland); Czeslaw Koziol (Poland); Gaye Kandemir (Turkey);
Josef Frydl (Czech Republic); Lorenzo Vietto (Italy); Mirko
Liesebach (Germany); Mladen Ivanovic (Croatia); Pablo
Gonzalez Goicoechea (Spain); Peter Zhelev Stoyanov
(Bulgaria); Sven de Vries (Netherlands); Virgilijus Baliuckas
(Lithuania);
Email contributors (from Nordic Countries): Denmark Lars
Gaudal; Finland Leena Yrjana ; NorwayTor Myking and
Mari Mette Tollefsrud ; Sweden Sanna Black-Samuelsson
Report under finalization
Tasks of the EUFORGEN WG on FGR
Conservation and Climate Change
Uncertainty!
Dependent on biology of the species e.g.
population sizes, dispersal ability.
Reduction of diversity in particular in
southern regions.
Potential bottlenecks in northern
migrating populations.
EUFORGEN WG on FGR Conservation and Climate Change
Recommendations for
Management of Existing DCUs
Monitoring vitality and natural
regeneration
Promote active management as first step
Favour units with vertical and ecological
buffers
Decision cascade tool
EUFORGEN WG on FGR Conservation and Climate Change
Recommendations for
Identifying Additional DCUs
Select units of marginal and peripheral
populations
Add units of newly established or migrated
populations
Monitor additional units (especially genetic
monitoring)
FGR observatory facilitate communication
between researchers and managers
EUFORGEN WG on FGR Conservation and Climate Change
Recommendations for development of
complementary ex situ approaches
Prioritize Red list
Establishment of new units based on
adequate seed collection
Dynamic ex situ conservation assisted
migration
Static ex situ measures - where no
alternatives exist.
Monitoring.
EUFORGEN WG on FGR Conservation and Climate Change
Conclusions
http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/174909/icode/
GPA Priority Areas
based on
information
provided by 86
countries
outcomes from
regional and
subregional
consultations
commissioned
thematic studies
http://www.fao.org/forestry/fgr/64582/en/
Thematic Studies (TS) to support
development of State of the Worlds
Forest Genetic Resources
Indicators of forest genetic diversity, erosion and vulnerability
Understanding genetic diversity of tropical species in natural
forests
New Technologies and approaches to support conservation
of FGR
Use and transfer of FGR
FGR role in adaptation to biotic and abiotic factors, with
a focus on climate change
Use of FGR in decentralised development for food security,
poverty reduction and livelihood improvement
Genetic considerations in ecosystem restoration using
native tree species
Effects of management practices on forest genetic diversity
Trends in management of FGR by the private/corporate
sector
www.fao.org/forestry/fgr/71306/en/
Thematic Studies published as
special issue of Forest Ecology and
Management
Using global to local genetic diversity indicators for evaluating the state of
evolutionary potential in forest tree species Authors: Lars Graudal, et al. available -
open access http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112714002825
The management of tree genetic resources and the livelihoods of rural
communities in the tropics: non-timber forest products, smallholder agroforestry
practices and tree commodity crops Authors: Ian Dawson et al.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112714000231
Role of forest genetic resources in responding to biotic and abiotic factors in the
context of anthropogenic climate change Authors: Rene Alfaro et al.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037811271400231X
Genetic Effects of Forest Management Practices: Global Synthesis and
Perspectives Authors: Wickneswari Ratnam, et al.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112714003697
Genetic considerations in ecosystem restoration using native tree species
Authors: Evert Thomas, et al.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112714004356
Utilization and transfer of forest genetic resources: a global review Authors:
Jarkko Koskela, et al,
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037811271400437X
Recent innovations in ex situ preservation of forest species, with special
reference to trees Authors: Hugh Pritchard et
alhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112714004848
The role of forest genetic resources in
responding to biotic and abiotic factors in
the context of anthropogenic climate
change
Ren Alfaro, Bruno Fady ,Giovanni Giuseppe
Vendramin, Ian Dawson, Richard A. Fleming,
Cuauhtmoc Senz-Romero, Roberto A. Lindig-
Cisneros, Trevor Murdock, Barbara Vinceti, Carlos
Manuel Navarro Tore Skrppa, Giulia Baldinelli, Yousry
A. El-Kassaby, Judy Loo
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037811271400231X
TS Role of FGR in Adaptation to Biotic and Abiotic Factors in a
Changing Climate
Conclusions (1 of 3)
Capacity for resilience and ecosystem stability are
required to maintain ecosystem services over space and
time.
Tree species generally contain high genetic diversity, which
provides an insurance against future environmental change,
providing capacity to evolve and supports the persistence of
natural forest stands
Natural genetic variation might not be enough to allow
natural forest populations to face the climate of the
close future. Then, active management such as assisted
migration would be needed to realign the genotypes to their
suitable environments.
TS Role of FGR in Adaptation to Biotic and Abiotic Factors in a
Changing Climate
Conclusions (2 of 3)
high genetic diversity does not guarantee that tree
species will be able to successfully meet every
future challenges. Crucial to monitor the
adaptation as climate change progresses and to
intervene with efforts to support adaptation where
needed.
Efforts should be dedicated to conserve local and
rare populations. Local populations may be
adapted to particular conditions where others of
the same species are not.
New approaches and flexible solutions are needed
to allow the more effective transfer of germplasm
across national borders.
TS Role of FGR in Adaptation to Biotic and Abiotic Factors in a
Changing Climate
Conclusions (3 of 3)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112714004356
Genetic considerations in ecosystem
restoration using native tree species
www.euforgen.org http://portal.eufgis.org