1

1
1

2
1

,
.
.
,

.

.. .

.


.
e-mail:

info@ekp2001-orosimo.gr

3
1

4
1

5
1

6
1

,




.

y
= y =

= =

y
= y =

= = y
y

2 = 1 2
1. 2 + 2 = 1
2 = 1 2

2. = , + ,
2

3. = , ,


4. . = 1 + ,
2
1
5. 1 + 2 = , + ,
2
2
1
6. 1 + 2 = , ,
2

7
1

( ) = ( ) = ( ) = ( ) =

( ) = ( ) = ( ) = ( ) =

( + ) = ( + ) = ( + ) = ( + ) =

=



=
= =
2 2 2 2

3
i.
2 2
, ( )
( ).
ii. 2
. ...
.

3
0 2
6 4 3 2 2
1 1
3 2
0 -1 0 1
2 2 2
0 1 2 3
1 0 -1 0
2 2 2
0
3
1 3 0 0
3

3
3 1 0 0
3

8
1

1
(x,y)
3
= y = x.
2
3 3 3
-1 . = - 1.
2 2 2
: 5. 5

1 5 = - 1.
y x
= ( x 0) = ( y 0). ( 1)
x y

2
.
, ,
.

.. (3 ). 3 2 .

2 .
(3 ) .

1
.

3
31
.
2
31 28 3 3 3 3
=( + )=(14+ )=(72+ )= =-1 (2+)=
2 2 2 2 2 2
3
1.
2

4

( + ) = - + 3 .

(2 - ) = 2 - 4 .
3 3 3
( -) = - -
2 2 2

3 .

(3 - ) = (2 + - ) = ( - ) = - - 2
.
,
.

9
1

5
.
.
1
2
. = 1 . ,
2
2 2
+ = 1

, = = .

= 1.

10
1

1. ( )

= , = , = , =
= , = , = , =

2. ().
(x,y) .

M(x,y)

1. = y
2. = x

3.
(x,y)
.
y
4. = ( x 0)
x
x
5. = ( y 0)
y
6. = y

3. ( )
:

1 2 3 4

11
1
4. ( ).

. ( - ).
3 3
0 2 - - - - 2
2 2 2 2

5. ().

.
_____________

1. (2001) ) 1
7
2. (- ) ) 0
2
13
3. ) - 1
2
31
4. )
2

5. 1890

6. (- 810 )

6. (A)
(), (), (), (),
(), (), (), (), () ;

12
1
7. ( ).
1) (rad) :
180 180
) = ; ) = ; ) = ; ) = ;
180 180 o a

2) :
180
) = ; ) = ; ) = ; ) = ;
180 180
180

8. ().
.
1
1. =
3 2
2. = 0

3. =1
4
2
4. =
4 2
1
5. =
3 2
3
6. =
3 3

7. =1
4

8. = 3
6

9. ( ).

(x,y) :
) xx
) yy
)

) 1 3

1) ; 2) 2 ; 3) - ; 4) + ; 5) + ; 6) 2 + ;
2 2

10. ( )
xx :
) ; ) ; ) ; ) ;

13
1

11. ( ).
1 8 .
.
1. ( + ) .

2. (2 ) .

3. ( ) .

4. ( - ) .

5. ( + ) .
2
3
6. ( - ) .
2

7. ( - ) .
2
3
8. ( +) .
2

12. ( ).
:
) ; ) ; ) ; ) - ; )
; ) ; ) ,,,; ) , , , ;

13. 1 8
. .
1. ( - ) .
2. ( + ) .

3. (2 + ) .
4. (2 ) .
3
5. ( - ) .
2

6. ( + ) .
2
3
7. ( + ) . -
2

8. ( - ) .
2

14. (x,y) :
4

) y = x 1 .

) +; - ; - ;
2 2

) = = .

14
1

15. 1 8
. .

1. (90 ) .

2. (270 + ) .

3. (90 + ) .

4. (270 ) .

5. (180 + ) .

6. (360 ) .

7. (180 ) .

8. (360 + ) .

16. .
1.
. ;

2. 180
;

3. 90

. ;

4. 180
. ;
5.

180 . ;

6. +
2

90 . ;
7. +

3
8. ( + ) =. ;
2
2 1
9. = ;
3 2
5
10. . ;
4 4

15
1

f()=
=
y=1 y=-1
1 1 .
=2

( ) =

f()=
=
y=1 y=-1
1 1 .
( ) =

f()=

={ + , }.
2
=.

( ) =

f()=
={ , }.
=.

( ) =

2
f ( ) = g ( ) = , , > 0 =

y = y =

16
1

x = x = 2 + x = 2 + , Z.
x = x = 2 + x = 2 , Z.
x = x = + , Z.
x = x = + , Z.

1. .
i f
> 0
x : f(x+T)=f(x-T)=f(x). O -
f . ;
ii f(x) = x 2 ;
iii f(x) = x ;
iv f(x) = x 2 ;
v f(x) = x ;

2.
i f(x) = x
3
x = x = . ;
2 2
ii f(x) = x
x = 0 x = . ;
iii f(x) = x
[0, ] [, 2]. ;
iv f(x) = x
(0, ). ;
2
v f(x) = x = ;

3. :
1) f(x) = x 2) f(x) = x 3) f(x) = x 4) f(x) = x.

.
.

x 3
0 2
2 2
? 0 1 0 -1 0

x 3
0 2
2 2
? 1 0 -1 0 1

17
1

4. ().
, , , :
1. f(x) = x 2. f(x) = x 3. f(x) = x 4. f(x) = x. .
. .

. .

5. ( ).
) f(x) = 32x :
1 1; 2 2; 3 3; 5 5;

) f(x) = 32x :
2 3
= ; = ; = ; = 2;
3 2

6. ().

:

i x =
2
f(x) = x. ;
ii x =
f(x) = x. ;

iii x = -
2
f(x) = x. ;
iv f(x) = x
. ;
v f(x) = x . ;
vi f(x) = x . ;
vii f(x) = x
-
f(x) = x yy. ;

7. ().
1, 2, 3, 4 , , , , ,
. .
i x = . x = + Z.
ii x = . x = Z.
iii x = . x = 2 + Z.
iv x = . x = 2 Z.
. x = 2 + Z.
. x = 2 + + Z.

18
1

8. ().
:

1. x = x = . ;
2
2. x = - x = ( ). ;

3. x = x = + . ;
2
3
4. x = x = . ;
2
5. x = - x = ( ). ;

6. x = - x = ( + ). ;
1
7. x = - x = . ;
2 3

9. ( ).
x x = 0 :
3
x= , Z. x = , Z. x = 2, Z. x = , Z.
2 2

10. ( ).
1
x :
2

; ;

; ;

E ; ;

11. ( ).
2x - 3 0

; ;

; ;

E ; ;

19
1

1.1 f ( ) = + ( ) , , , .

= y = 0 , y = 4 , :
) = = = 2
)

2
) f ( ) = ( ) = .

2 2
= 1= =2

1 ( ) 1 ( ) , > 0 + ( ) +
f ( ) +
f +
=0
2 = 4 = 2 = 4 = 2
+ =4
= = = 2

)

f ( ) = 2 + 2 ( 2 ) 4 = 2 + 2 ( 2 ) 2 = 2 ( 2 ) 1 = ( 2 ) = ( 2 )
2

2 = 2 + = + ,
2 4

1.2 f ( ) = + 2 ( ) , > 0 . f
, = 3 y = 3 ,
) , ,
) f ( )

) f ( ) f
4

2 2 22
) = 3 = 3= =
3
f = 0 y = 0 ,
2
0 = + 20 = 0 f ( ) = 2 y = 2 .
3
3 = 2 3 = 3 = 1
2 2
= , = 0 , = 1 f ( ) = 2
3 3
2 3 2 1 1
f ( ) = 2 = 2 = 2 = 3 f = 2 = 2 = 2 = 1
3 3 2 4 3 4 6 2

20
1

1.3 f : R R f ( ) = 3 + 2 1 .
)

)

) f = 0 , ,
2 3

1 1 3 3 3
1 1 2 2 2
5 3 + 2 5 6 3 + 2 1 4 6 f ( ) 6
) y = 6
) y = 6
) f (0 ) = 3 0 + 2 0 1 = 0 + 2 1 = 1

f = 3 + 2 1 = 3 + 0 1 = 2
2 2 2
f ( ) = 3 + 2 1 = 0 2 1 = 3
3 1 3 3
f = 3 + 2 1 = 3 + 2 1 =
3 3 3 2 2 2

1.4
1 1 t
f (t) = + t sec t [0,180] .
2 2 6
)
) ;
) t = 13 sec;
) ;

t 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1
) 1 1 + + + 0 f ( t ) 1
6 2 2 6 2 2 2 2 2 6 2 2
) :
1 1 t 1 1 t t t
1 = f (t) 1 =+ = 1 = =
2 2 6 2 2 6 6 2 6
t t 1
= 2 + = 2 + t = 12 + 3,
6 2 6 2

t [0,180]
3 177 1
0 12 + 3 180 3 12 177 14, 75
12 12 4
= 0, 1, 2, 3,, 14 t = 3sec, 15sec t =171sec

1 1 13 1 1 12
) f (13) =
+ = + +
2 2 6 2 2 6 6
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3
= + 2 + = + = + = + = cm 75cm
2 2 6 2 2 6 2 2 2 2 4 4

21
1

2 2 12
) = = = = 12 , 12 sec

6
.
1 1 1 1 3
.. t + = + = m
= 1 y =
2 2 6 2 4 4
1 1 13 1 1 1 3
t = 1 + 12 = 13 sec y = + = + = m
2 2 6 2 2 2 4

1.5 2 2 = 0 , [0, ]

2 2 = 0 ( )( + ) = 0
= 0 + = 0
= =

= = +
2 2

= 2 , = 2 + ,
2 2

= 2 + = 2 + , = 2 + + = 2 ,
2 2 2 2

2 = 2 + = 2 , 2 = , 2 = 2
2 2 2 2
1 1
= + , = = = ,
4 4 4 4

= + , = ,
4 4
1 1 3
[0, ] 0 0 + 0 + 1
4 4 4 4

=0 =
4
1 1 5
0 0 0 1 . = 1
4 4 4 4
3
=
4
3
= =
4 4

22
1

2 2 = 0 2 (1 2 ) = 0 2 1 + 2 = 0
1
2 2 1 = 0 2 =
2
1 1
= =
2 2
2 2
= = [0, ]
2 2
3
= =
4 4

1.6 2 3 + 3 = 0

2 (1 + 3 ) + 3 = 0
(
= 1 + 3 + 3 = 0
2
)
= ( )
2
3 1 1 = 3 2 = 1

= 3 = = + ,
3 3


= 1 = = + ,
4 4

3 2 2 5 = 0 , ( , )
1.7

3(1 2 ) 2 5 = 0

3 3 2 + 2 5 = 0 2 2 5 + 3 = 0 2 2 + 5 3 = 0
1
= 2 + 5 3 = 0 1 = 3 2 =
2

2
= 3 1 1,
1
= = = 2 ,
2 3 3
1
( , ) < < < 2 + < 1 < 2 + < 1
3 3
4 2 2 1
< 2 < < < = 0 =
3 3 3 3 3
1
( , ) < < < 2 < 1 < 2 < 1
3 3
2 4 1 2
< 2 < < < = 0 =
3 3 3 3 3

23
1

1 = , (0,2 ]
1.8

1 + 2 2 = 2
1 + 2 2 = 1 2
2 2 2 = 0
2 ( 1) = 0
= 0 = 1

= = 0
2

= 2 , = 2 ,
2
1
(0,2 ] 0 < 2 0 < 2 + 2 0 < 2 + 2
2 2
1 3 1 3
< 2 < = 0 x =
2 2 4 4 2
1
0 < 2 0 < 2 2 0 < 2 2
2 2
1 5 1 5 3
< 2 < = 1 = 2 =
2 2 4 4 2 2
= 2 0 < 2 0 < 2 2 0 < 2 2 0 < 1 = 1 = 2

1 = 1 0 = 1
2 2
3 3
1 = 1 - 0 = -1 1 = -1
2 2
3
=
2
1 2 = 2 1 1 = 0

2 2 3 2 = 0
1.9

= 0
2 = 0 = 0
= 0 = 0
2
2 3 = 0 =
2

24
1

2 2 3 = 0 1 = 3 2 = 1 = 3 = ,
( = 3 ).
3 3
= = + , = 1 = = + ,
4 4

2 2 3 2 = 0
2 2 + 2 4 2 = 0
( ) ( 2 ) = 0 ( 2 )( + 2 ) = 0
2 2

= 3 =
= 3 = 1

1.10 1) 2 , f ( ) = 2 3
2 2
; 2) ;
3) ; 4)
1
y =
2

1 1 3 3 3 5 2 3 1 1 f ( ) 5
1) 2 2 2
y = 1

y = 1 2 3 = 1 3 = 3 = 1 = 0
2 2 2 2

= 2 = 4 ,
2
1 1 1
2 , 2 < 4 `2 < 4 < = 0
2 2 2 2 8
= 0 .

2 2
2) f = = = 4
1
2
3) 1 f ( ) 5 1 y = 5

25
1
4)
1 1 3 1
y= 2 3 = = 3 = =
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2

= 2 + = 2 ,
2 3 2 3
2 2
= 4 + = 4 ,
3 3

: 1 2,
2

1.11 3
1) f ( ) = 2) g ( ) = 2 1
2 + 1

1 2 2
1) 2 + 1 0
2 ,
2 3 3
2
f = 2 ,
3
1
2) 2 1 0
2 6
.

5

6 6
5
2 + 2 + ,
6 6

5
= 2 + , 2 + ,
6 6

f ( ) = 2 + 2 1
1.12
g ( ) = 2 + .
1) yy

2)
3) f
g

1) =0 f (0) = 2 0 0 + 0 2 0 1 f (0 ) = 2 1 = 3

f ( ) yy (0,3)

26
1

=0 g (0) = 2 0 0 + 0 = 0

g ( ) yy A(0,0 )
y = 0
0 = 2 + 2 1 0 = 2 ( 1) + 1 0 = ( 1)( 2 + 1)
1 = 0 2 + 1 = 0
1
= 1 =
2
2
= =
2 3

= 2 1 + , 1 = 2 2 + , 2
2 2
2 2
= 2 3 + , 3 = 2 4 , 4
3 3

f .

= 0
y
0 = 2 + 0 = ( 2 + 1) = 0 2 + 1 = 0
1
= 0 = - = 21, 1 = 2 2 + , 2
2
2
=
3
2 2
= 21, 1 = 2 2 = 2 3 + , 2 = 2 3 , 3
3 3
2)
f ( ) = g ( ) 2 + 2 1 = 2 +
1 2 2
2 1 = 0 = = = 2 ,
2 3 3
3)
f ( ) > g ( ) 2 + 2 1 > 2 +
1 2
2 1 > 0 < <
2 3

.
2 4 2 4
2 + + 2 ,
3 3 3 3
f
g

27
1

1. f 401
. f (2005) = 0 .

2. f ( ) = 3
2

. 3 . . 4 . 6
2

3. , >
4 2

4. f ( ) = 2 3
5
. -1 . 5 . 2 . 3

3
5. = , , < <
4 2

6. f ( ) = 1 2 f
3
. [ 2 , 1] . [1 , 3] . [ 2 , 3] . [ 1 , 3]
3
7. f f < f
11 29

8. f ( ) = +
5 3
. 5 . 3 . 15 . 30

9. f ( ) = +
6 6

10. f ( ) = 1 3 5 ( ,0)

1 2 1
. . . . 0
3 3 3
11.



f ( ) = 2 i) 2 ) 4
3
g ( ) = 3 ii) -1 ) 5
h( ) = 2 3 iii) 2 ) -2
iv) -3 ) 3
( ) = 3
2

28
1

12.



f ( ) = 3 12
2

g ( ) = 2 5 6
3

h( ) = + 4
3 2
( ) = + 2

3

13.



f ( ) = 2 + 5 (2005 , - 3)
3
1
g ( ) = ,
2 2 2
h( ) = 2 1
, 0
3
( ) = 2
, 0
4

14. , 0 .
3


f ( ) = 2 + 1 3

g ( ) = 2 1 + 1
2
4
h( ) = ( 3) 3
0

15. f f ( ) = (1 ) <1
2
y = 2 .
1) f
2) f
3) f ( ) = 1 ( , 3 )

29
1

16. f ( ) = + 3 ( ) < 0 > 0 .

2
f y = 2 = .
3
1) , ,
2) f
3) f
4) 2 f ( ) 3 = 0

17.
t
f (t ) = 17 + 5
6
1) 24- ;
2) ;


3) 17

18.
f (t ) = 2 3 (3t ) 4 .
1) ;
2)
3) ;
4) ;
;

t
19. f (t ) = 60 + 20 KWh
3
t t = 1,2,3,...,12 12 . KWh=0,5
.
1) ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) ;

20.
1
1) f ( ) = 2 + 1 2) f ( ) =
1

21. 2 5 + 6 = 0

1
22. = = 30

23. = = + ,
4

30
1

24. = = ,
2

25. ,
2

2 + 1 = 0 3
4
+ = 0 5
6
+ = 0
1 = 0 2
3

2

26. 3 2 2 5 = 0

27. 2 + = 0, [0 , 2 ]
3 6

28. + = 1, (0 , 2 ]

2 2
29. =
1 + 3

30. ( )
3 + 1 2 2 3 + ( )
3 1 2 = 0

31. 3 5 3 5 = 0

32. 2 2 + 1 = 0

33. (1 + 2 ) =

34. f ( ) = 2005 + 2 . f (2 ) = f
2 3

35. 2 1
2
3
... 89
= 1

36. = 1 + 2 + 1 2 1 , 2
(1 + ) (1 + 2 ) + (1 ) = 0
2

31
1

1. ( + ) = , ( + ) = , ( + ) =

2. ( + ) = , ( + ) = , ( + ) =

+ + +
3. = , = , =
2 2 2 2 2 2

+ + +
4. = , = , =
2 2 2 2 2 2

1. ++ = + =
( + ) = ( ) ( + ) =
2. (1)

+
3. ++ = + = =
2 2 2
+ +
= =
2 2 2 2 2
4. (3)

32
1

,
1 , 2 . (.1)
-
(.2)

Y
M1(,) - ((-),(-))
2(,)
(1,0)
-
X 0 x

, 1 , 2 , , :
1 :
2 :
: 1 0
: ( ) ( )

2 1 = = ( 1 2 ) = ( )
( 2 1 )2 = ( )2
1 ( 1 , y1 ) 2 ( 2 , y 2 )
(12 ) = ( 2 1 )2 + ( y 2 y1 )2 :
( 2 1 )2 = ( )2 + ( )2
= 2 + 2 2 + 2 + 2 2
= 2 2( + )

( ) = ( ) 1 + ( ) 0
2 2 2

2 ( ) + 1 2 ( ) + 2 ( ) = 2 2 ( )
: ( 2 1 ) = ( )
2 2

2 2( + ) = 2 2 ( )
+ = ( )
( ) = +

, , 0 < < 360 ,

, .
:
( ( ) ) = ( ) + ( ) =

( + ) =

33
1

( + ) = ( + ) =
2 2

= + = +
2 2

( + ) = +

( ) =

( + ) 0, 0, 0 :
( + ) +
( + ) = = =
( + )

+
+
=
1

+
( + ) =
1
:

( ) =
1 +
:

1 + 1
( + ) = ( ) =
+

34
1

1.

i. ( + ) = +
ii. ( + ) = 2
iii. ( + ) = 2
iv. ( ) = +
( + )
v. + =
( + )

2.
i. 15
= 45
30

60
+ 45
3 +1
ii. 105
= (60
+ 45
) = =
1 60 45



1 3
iii. (45 + ) = (45 )




4
iv. + =1
10 10

v. + ,
2

3.

i. 2 + + 2 = 1
4 4
1
ii. + + =
6 6 6 6 2
iii. ( ) ( ) (
45 + 45 + 45 + 45 = ( )





) ( )

iv. (15
+ ) (15
) + ( 75
+ ) ( 75
) = 2

v. (45
+ ) (135
+ ) = 1

4.
i. ( + ) ( )
2 2
. ( 2 2 ) . 2 2 . .
2

1 2 2
ii. ( + ) ( )
1
. ( ) ( ) . 1 . . ( )2
2
iii. ( )
+ 1 + 1 1
. . . .
+ 1 +

35
1

5. I II
II
( + )
( )
( + ) +
( ) +
+
( + )
1
+ 1
( )


( )
1 +
1
( + )
+
6. I
II
II
35
+ 10
1
1 35
10
2
70
20
+ 20
70
0
40
50
40
50
1
1
40
100
+ 40
100

2
7. :
= ( 80 ) ( 70 + ) + (10 + ) ( 20 )
3 3 1 1
. . . .
2 2 2 2

8. :
97
+ 38
= 97
38
1

9. 85
65
+ 65
85
= 85
35
85
35

30
+ 15
60
15
1
10. =
1 30
15
30
15

36
1

3 15
1.13 = , = 0 < < , < <
5 17 2 2
+ ,

( + ) = +
( ) =
( + ) =
( ) = +
,
9 16
: 2 = 1 2 = 1 =
25 25
4
= , 0 < <
5 2
225 64 8
= 1 = 1 = = < <
2 2
,
289 289 17 2
3 15 8 4 13
( + ) = + =
5 17 17 5 85
3 15 8 4 77
( ) = =
5 17 17 5 85
4 15 3 8 84
( + ) = =
5 17 5 17 85
4 15 3 8 36
( ) = + =
5 17 5 17 85
( + ) 13 ( ) 77
( + ) = = , ( ) = =
( + ) 84 ( ) 36
1 84 1 36
( + ) = = , ( ) = =
( + ) 13 ( ) 77

:
1.14
2 3
i) + + + + =
2

3 3 3 3 4
3
ii) 73 + 47 + 73 47 =
2
2

37
1

i) : 2 + + 2 + + =
3 3 3 3
2 2

+ + +
3 3 3 3

+ + =
3 3 3 3
2 2
1 3 1 3
2

2

+ +
+
2
2 2 2 3 3
1 3 3 1 3 3 1 3
= 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + + 2 2
4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4
3 3 3 3 3
= 2 + 2 = ( 2 + 2 ) = 1 =
4 4 4 4 4
ii) i) = 13

2 ( 60
+ 13
) + 2 ( 60
13
) + ( 60
+ 13
) ( 60
13
) =

3
4
3
2 73
+ 2 47
+ 73
47
=
4

( ) ( ) ( )
1.15 : + + =0

( ) ( ) ( )
+ + =


+ + =

( ) + ( )
+

( )
+ =

+ +
+ =0

:
1.16
i) 2 ( ) + 2 2 ( ) = 2
ii) ( ) + ( + ) = ( + )( + )
iii) ( ) + ( ) + ( ) = 0

38
1

i)
2 ( ) + 2 2 ( )
= ( )[ ( ) 2 ] +
2

= ( )( + 2 ) + 2
= ( )( ) + 2
= ( + )( ) + 2
(
= 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 = 2 1 2 + 2 2 )
2 2 2
(
= + = + =
2 2 2 2
) 2

ii) ( ) + ( + ) = + + +
= ( + ) + ( + ) = ( + )( + )

iii)
( ) + ( ) + ( ) =
( ) + ( ) +
+ ( ) =
+
+ = 0

, ,
1.17
1 1 1
= , = , = , : + + =
2 5 8 4

+
+
( + ) + 1
( + + ) = =
1 ( + ) +
1
1
+ + (1 ) + +
= =
1 ( + ) 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 65
+ + + +
= 2 5 8 2 5 8 = 2 5 8 80 = 80 = 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 65
1 1
2 5 2 8 5 8 10 16 40 80

( + + ) = 1 ( + + ) = + + = + ,
4 4

0 < < , 0< < , 0< <
2 2 2
3
0 < + + < . = 0 + + =
2 4

39
1

i)
1.18
= 2 2 ( + ) + 2 ( + )

1
ii) = , 0,
5 2

i) = 2 2 ( + ) + 2 ( + )
= 2 + ( + )[ ( + ) 2 ]
= 2 + ( + )( 2 )
= 2 + ( + )( )
= 2 ( )( + )
(
= 2 2 2 2 2 )
2
(
= 1 +
2 2
) 2 2

= + 2 + 2 2
2 2 2

(
= 2 2 + 2 = 2 )
2 2
ii) : 2 = =
2 1 2
2 1 1
= 25 2 = 1 2 26 2 = 1 2 =
1 25
2
26
1
= 2 =
26

3 3
1.19 + y = + y =
2 2
1
( y ) =
2

1
( y ) = y + y = 2y + 2y = 1 (1)
2
2y
9
2y : 2 + 2 y + 2y = (2)
4
3
2 + 2 y + 2y = (3)
4
(2 ) (3)
1 + 1 + 2y + 2y = 3 2y + 2y = 1
.

40
1

1.20 ( ) = ( ) = ( 45
)

( ) 0 ( ) = 0
( ) = 0 , .

( )
= 1 ( ) = 1 = 1 = 1 +
( ) 1 +
+ = 1
45

( + 1) = 1 = = ( 45 )

1 + 45

1.21 +y= (1 + )(1 + y ) = 2
4

+ y
+y= ( + y ) = =1 + y = 1 y
4 4 1 y
+ y + y = 1 (
)
+ y + y + 1 = 2 (1 + y ) + (y + 1) = 2
(1 + y )( + 1) = 2

1.22
2 2
= 2 + 2 + + 2
3 3

2 2
= 2 + 2 + + 2
3 3
2 2
2 2 2 2
= + + + 2
3 3 3 3
2 2
3 1 3 1
= + + + 2
2 2 2 2
1
( ) (
= 3 + + 3 + 2
4
2 2

)
1
(
= 3 2 + 2 + 2 3 + 3 2 + 2 2 3 + 2
4
)
= (6 2 + 2 2 ) + 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 =
1 6 1 3 3 3
4 4 2 2 2 2

41
1

: :
1.23
2
1 + ( ) = .
4 1

+ 1
4 + 1
: ( ) = =
4 1

4
:
+ 1 2 1 + + 1 2
1+ = =
1 1 1 1
2 2
= (1 ) = 1
1 1
= 1 = 1
1 = 0 ( + ) = 0

( + ) = + = = =
2 2 2 2

( )
1.24 = ,
( )
.

:
( ) ( )
= =
( ) ( )
( ) = ( )
( ) + ( ) = ( ) =
() = =
( ) = ( + ) =
( + ) + = 0 + = 0
= 0 (1)
0 ,

(1) : = 0 =
2

1.25
i) i)
2 + 2 + 2 2 = 2.
ii) + + = 2
2 2 2

42
1

+ + = + = ( + ) = ( )
i)
= + =
( + ) 2 = 2 2
2 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 2
(1 2 )(1 2 ) + 1 2 + 2 = 2 2
2 + 2 + 2 2 = 2.

ii) 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 (i)
2 + 2 + 2 2 = 2.

:
2 2 = 2 = 0

= 0 = 0 = 0 = = = .
2 2 2

1.26 = 2

+ + = + = ( + ) = ( )
( + ) =
:
( + ) = 2 + = 2
+ 2 = 0 = 0
( ) = 0 = 0 = 180

= 0 =

1.27
+ ( )
=
( )

( + ) + ( )
=
( )
+ + 2
= =
+ +
2 = + 2
2 = 0 ( ) = 0 ( + ) = 0
= 0 ( + ) = 0
=0 = 180
+ = 90
+ = 270

, + = 90

+ = 90
= 90

43
1

1.28 :
i) 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 2 2

ii) + + =
2 2 2 2 2 2

i) + + = 180
2 + 2 + 2 = 360
2 + 2 = 360
2

( 2 + 2 ) = ( 360
2 )
2 + 2
= 2
1 22
2 + 2 = 2 + 2 22
2 + 2 + 2 = 222

ii) + + = 180 + + = 90

2 2 2

+ = 90
+ = 90

2 2 2 2 2 2

1 1
2 2 2 2 1
= =
2
+ +
2 2 2 2 2

= + = + +
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

1.29

i) 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 1

ii) 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 2 2 = 2

i) + +
= + = ( + ) = ( )
= + =
( + ) 2 = 2 2
2 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 2
2 2 + 2 + 2 = (1 2 )(1 2 )
2 2 + 2 + 2 = 1 2 2 + 2 2
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 1

44
1
ii)
+ + = 2 + 2 + 2 = 2
2 + 2 = 2-2
( 2 + 2) = ( 2-2) 2 2-22 = 2
2 2- 2 = 22
( 2 2- 2) 2 = 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 + 2 2 2 2 2 2 = 2 2 2 2
(1- 2 2)(1- 2 2) + 1 2 2- 2 2 2 2 = 2 2 2 2
2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 2 2 = 2

2
1.30 : + ( + ) + ( + )=3
3 3

2
+ + , + + ,
3 2 3 2

+ + , ,
6 6
, :
2
+
2 3 + 3 =3
+ ( + ) + ( + ) = 3 +
3 3 2
1 1
3 3

+ ( ) +
+ 3 + 3 = 3 + 3 + 3 =3

1 1 + ( ) 1 1 +
3 3 3 3
+ 3 3
+ + =3 (1)
1 3 1 + 3
(1) 1 3 2 :
(1 3 2 ) + ( + 3 )(1 + 3 ) + ( 3 )(1 3 ) = 3(1 3 2 )
3 3 + + 3 2 + 3 + 3 + 3 2 3 + 3 3 + 9 2 = 0
3 3 9 2 9 + 3 = 0 i)
3 3 + 1 = 0 ( + 1)( 4 + 1) = 0
3 2 2

+ 1 = 0 2 4 + 1 = 0 :

+ 1 = 0 = 1 = = ( )
4 4
3 3
= = + , .
4 4

45
1

2 3
ii) 2 4 + 1 = 0 =
2
2+ 3 2+ 3
= , = + 1 , 1 =
2 2
2 3 2 3
= , = + 2 , 2 =
2 2

3
: + 4 ( + ) + 4 ( ) =
4
1.31
4 4 2

:
3
4 + ( + ) 4 + ( ) 4 =
4 4 4 4 2
4 4
2 2 3
+
4
( + ) + ( ) =
2 2 2
1 1 3
4 + ( 2 + 2 + 2 ) 2 + ( 2 + 2 2 ) 2 =
4 4 2
1 1 3
4 + ( 1 + 2 ) 2 + ( 1 2 ) 2 =
4 4 2
1 1 3
4 + ( 1 + 4 2 2 + 4 ) + ( 1 4 + 4 2 2 ) =
4 4 2
1 3
4 + ( 1 + 4 2 2 + 4 + 1 4 + 4 2 2 ) =
4 2
1 3 1 3
4 + ( 2 + 8 2 2 ) = 4 + + 2 2 ( 1 2 ) =
4 2 2 2
2 4 + 1 + 4 2 ( 1 2 ) 3 = 0 2 4 + 1 + 4 2 4 4 3 = 0
2 4 + 4 2 2 = 0 2 4 4 2 + 2 = 0
2( 2 1 )2 = 0 2 1 = 0 = 1
:

= 1 = =
+ 2 ,
2 2
3 3
= 1 = = + 2 ` , `
2 2

46
1

:
(15
) (35
) (45
+ ) (55
+ ) (75
+ ) = 1
1.32

( 2 , 2 )

(15
) = (90
15
+ ) = (75
+ )

(35
) = (90
35
+ ) = (55
+ )
(45
) = (90
45
+ ) = (45
+ )
:
( 75
+ ) ( 55
+ ) ( 45
+ ) ( 45
+ ) ( 55
+ ) ( 75
+ ) = 1

( 75
+ ) ( 75
+ ) ( 55
+ ) ( 55
+ ) ( 45
+ ) ( 45
+ ) = 1

= 1 , = 1

= + , ( 2 , 2 )
4
1
2 < + < 2 2 < +
<2

4 4
1 1 9 7
2 < < 2 < <
4 4 4 4
= 2,1,0,1

= + ,
4
7 3
1 = 2 + = , 2 = + = ,
4 4 4 4
3
3 = , 4 = + =
4 4 4
.

47
1

1.
(17
) (17
+ ) + (73
+ ) (73
) :
. 0 . 1 . . 2

2.
20
80
+ 70
10
:
1
. 0 . 1 . . 2 20

2

3.
3 15

:
1 + 315

3
. 1 . . 3 . 215

3

4.
2 13 2 5 7
+ =
15 10 5 30 9 9 18 18

5.
3 75
1
=1
75
+ 3

6.
2 5 2 3
= 2 8
1 2 5 2 3

7.

1 1
1
44
-1
1
+ 1
2 40
80
40
80
1
3 0
3105
1
3 + 105

4 1

12 4 4 12 2
1
2

48
1

8.

1 7 8

0
9 18 18 9
2 5 2 2 5
1
7 7 7 7
3

3 20
3
1 2
3 20
4
+1
5 15
3
3
15 5
1
2

y + 1
9. >y , y , :
y
. ( y) . (y ) . ( + y ) .

y
10. >y , y + , :
2 1 + y
. ( y) . (y ) . ( + y ) .

11. :

i) 70 20 70 20
ii) 50 10 + 10 50
iii) 175 55 + 175 55
iv) 5 55 65 105

12. 105 15

1 13
13. = , = , (0, )
7 14 2
+ .

1 1
14. = , = (0, ), ( , ),
3 4 2 2
+ .

49
1

3 1 3
15. , , = , = + =
4 7 4

16. :

i) (30

) (3
)
+ 30
+
3
30
+ +
3
3
(
30
= 1 ) ( )
( ) ( )
ii) 30 + 30 30 + 30 =





( 1
2
) ( )

17. :
i) + (120
) + (120
+ ) = 0
2 + 2 (120
+ ) + 2 (240
+ ) =
3
ii)
2

18. :
i) = ( ) + ( )
ii) = ( ) + ( + )
iii) ( ) + ( ) + ( ) = 0

19. :
i) ( + ) ( ) = 2 2
ii) ( + ) ( ) = 1
2 2

iii) ( + ) ( ) =

20. :
2 2
i) ( ) =
+
2 2
ii) ( + ) =

21. :
( ) ( ) ( )
+ + =0

22. + = , 2 + 2 + 2 2 = 1

23. :
( + ) ( + )
E=
( + ) ( + )

50
1

24. :
( + ) + ( ) +
i) =
( ) + ( + )

ii) ( ) + ( ) + ( ) = ( ) ( ) ( )

2 ( + )
25. : = +
( + ) + ( )

26. + + = :
2
(1 + )(1 + )(1 + ) = 2(1 + )

27. + + = :
2
i) + + =
ii) + + = 1
iii) 2 + 2 + 2 1

28. = 2 = 3

i) ii) iii) iv)

29. = 2 = 3
=1 = 3 = 2 = -1

30. + = :
6
i) ( )2 + ( )2 = 1
ii) ( + ) + ( + ) = 3
2 2

31. = 90
= 4
:
3
i) =
4 + 2
ii) = 2 2

32. = 90
:
( + ) 2 = 0

51
1

33. = 90
:
= 2

34. = 90
:

= 2

35. ( ) = 1 2
: = 90

36. :

+ + =2

37. = 90
:

+ + = 1
2 2 2 2

38.
i) + + = 1
ii) + 2 + 2 1
2

39. :
i) 2 + 2 + 2 = 1 2 2 2 2
2 2
2

ii) 2 + 2 + 2 = 1
2 2 2

45

40. ,
i) >
ii) > 1
iii) < 1

41. :
( ) + ( ) + ( ) = 0
1
+ = 225 : =


42.
1 + 1 + 2

2
43. : + =
4 4 3

52
1

( + 60
) 1
=
( + 60 ) + ( 60 ) 3
44. :

1
45. : + = , [0 , 2 ]
4 4 4

46. : ( + y ) + ( y ) = 2

47. : + = 2 + , [0 , 2 ]
4 4

4
48. : 9 ( + ) = ( ), =
5

1
49. : 2 + 2 ( + ) 2 ( + ) =
2

50. :
i) 2 = 88
1
ii) 4 + 4 + =
4 4

53
1

2
( + ) , ( + ) , ( + ) , ( + ) , =
:

( + ) = + 2 = 2

( + ) = 2 = 2 2
= 2 2 1
= 1 2 2

+ 2
( + ) = 2 =
1 1 2

1 2 1
( + ) = 2 =
+ 2

2 .
:
1 + 2
2 = 2 2 1 2 =
2

1 2
2 = 1 2 2 2 =
2

1 2
2 =
1 + 2

1

.

2

2 = 2 = 2
2 2

= 2 2 1 = 1 2 2
2 2
.

54
1

1.

) ( )
2 2 45
1 = 2
2 1
) 1 2 =
12 2
1 75

2
) = 3
2 75

5 5 1
) 2 =
12 12 2

) 2135
135
= 1

2.

1 2
) =
2

2
1 + 2
) =
2

2
1 2
) =
2

1 + 2
) 2 = 1 2
2

3.
) K = ( + + 1)( + 1)
) 1 ) 2 ) 2 ) 0
) = 4 (45
) 4 (45
)
) 2 ) 2 ) 90


) 90

4. .
.

2
1
1 2 ) 1
8
2
2
12 12 2
)
2
3 3
2 2 1 1
4 )
2
4 3
2 ) 0
8
2 3
1 ) 3
8
5. :
(18
) (18
+ ) + (72
+ ) (72
) = 2 2

55
1
6. :
i. 4 3 4 3 = 4
1
ii. 2 15
2 75
=
4
7. ,

1 1 ) = 60

=
2 2 2
2 ) = 90

1 2 2 =0
2
3 ) = 30

2 = 2 2
2 2

6
2 = 3
4
) = 45

1 2
2

2
5 =2 3
1 2

8. :

2 + 2 = 1
2 2
. . . .

9. :
3 5 7
= 4 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 +
8 8 8 8

. = 90
. = 45
. = 60
. = 30

10. .

2
1
1 + 2 )
2
2
1 2 )

2
3 )
1 + 2 4

)
4

56
1

1 2 2
1.33 ( + 30
) ( 30
) =
1 + 2 2

+ 30
30
2 2 30

= =
1 30
1 + 30
1 2 2 30

2
3

2
3 1 2
2
2
3 1
3 9 3 3 1
2
2
3 2 2
= = = = = =
3 1 2 3 1 2 1 3 3 3 2 2
2 2 2

1
2
9 3 2
3

=
(
3 2 1 2
=
)
4 2 1
(
3 2 1 2 )
4 2 1
(1)

1 2 (1 2 2 ) 1 2 + 4 2 4 2 1
= = == (2)
1 + 2 ( 2 2 1) 1 + 4 2 2 4 2 1

(1) (2)

:
1.34 1 2 + 2 1 +
1) = 2) =
1 + 2 + 2 1 + + 2

1 2 + 2 1 (1 2 ) + 2
2
2 2 + 2
1) = = =
1 + 2 + 2 1 + ( 2 2 1) + 2 2 2 + 2
2 ( + )
= =
2 ( + )

1 + 2 1 2 2
1 + 2 2 2
2) = =
1 + + 1 + 2 + 2 2 1
2 2 2

, )
2

2 + 2 2 2 +
2 2 2 = 2 2 2 =
2
2 + 2 2 +
2 2 2 2 2 2

57
1

2 4 8 1
1.35 : =
7 7 7 8

2
2 = 2 .
2
4 8 16 2 2
2 +
2 7 , 4 = 7 , 8 = 7 = 7 7
= =
7 2 2 7 2 4 7 2 8 2
8
2
8
7 7 7 7 7
:

4 8 2

2 4 8 7 7 7 =1
=
7 7 7 2 4 8 8
2 2 2
7 7 7

:
1.36
1 3 1
1) = 4 2) 10
20
40
= 10

10 10



8

1) :
10
310
= 410
10

10
60
10
= 2 20

60

10

10
= 2 20

60

60 10
60
10
= 2 20
60

(60
+ 10
) = 2 20

1
70
= 20

2
70
= (90
70
) 70
= 70

40
80
1 10
10
1
2) 10
= =
2 20 2 40



4 210 10



8

40
2
20
= =
2 20
2

58
1

:
1.37 3 3
1) 4 + 4 = 2) 4 4 2 + 3 = 8 4
8 8 4

1 2
1) 2 = .
2
2 2
3

2

2 1 1
3 3 4 + 4 =
4 + 4 = + =
8 8 8 8 2 2


2 2
1 2 1 2
1 + 1 + =

4
2 4 2

1 1 1 1 13 13
1 + 2 + 1 + + 2 = 2 + + 2 =
4 2 4 2 42 42
3 2 3 2 6 3
+ + = =
8 4 8 4 8 4

2) 4 4 2 + 3 = 2 2 4 2 + 3 =
2 2 2 1 4 2 + 3 = 2 2 2 4 2 + 2 =
2 ( 2 2 2 2 + 1) = 2 ( 2 1) = 2 (1 2 2 1) =
2 2

2 4 4 = 8 4

:
1.38
3 5 7 3
4 + 4 + 4 + 4 =
8 8 8 8 2

7
= =
8 8 8
3 3 5
= = = + =
8 8 8 2 8 8
:
3 5 7
4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 =
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
2

2 4 + 4 = 2 2 + 2 4 2 2 =
8 8 8 8 8 8
2
2 2 1 3
2 = 2
2
= 2 = 2 =
4 2 4 2 2

59
1

7
1.39 = 450 < < 540 , :

24

2
2

450
< < 540
> 0 < 0

225
< < 270
, <0
2 2
1
: 2 = ,
1 + 2
1 1 1 24 576 625 576 49
= = = = 2 = 1 2 = 1 = = .
1 + 2 49 625 25 625 625 625
1+
576 576
7
1
49 7 1 + 25 = 9 ,
== . : 2 = =
625 25 2 2 2 25
9 3 24 7 336
= = 2 = 2 = 2 =
2 25 5 25 25 625

:
1.40
i) 3 = 3 4 3
ii) 3 = 4 3
3

3 3
iii) 3 = , + 3 + ,
1 3 2
2 2

= (2 + ) = 2 + 2 = 2 + (1 2 2 ) =
i) 3
2 2 + 2 3
2 (1 2 ) + 23 = 2 23 + 23 =
3 43
ii) 3 = (2 + ) = 2 + 2 =

( 2 1) 2 = 2 2 =
2 3 2

2 2 (1 ) = 2 2 + 2 =
3 2 3 3

4 3 3
2
+
2 + 1 2
iii) 3 = (2 + ) = = =
1 2 2
1
1 2
2 + (1 2 ) 3 3
=
1 2 22 1 32
60
1

:
1.41
i) (
4 2 36
+ 2 18
= 5 ) ii) 4 36
18
= 5

i) 3 36
= 180
2 36
,
(
3 36
= 180
2 36
3 36
= 2 36
)
3 36 4 36 = 2 36
36
36
3 4 2 36
= 2 36
36


3

( )
3 4 2 36
= 2 36
(1)
36
0
(1) : 3 4 2 36
= 2 2 18

(
3 4 2 36
= 2 2 2 18
1 3 4 2 36
= 4 2 18
2 )
(
4 36 + 18 = 5
2
2

)
ii) (1) :
3 4 36 = 2 36
3 4 1 2 36
= 2 36

2

( )
4 2 36
2 36
1 = 0 (2)
(
16 2 36
2 18
= 8 2 36
2 2 18
= 8 1 2 18
1 + 36
)( )
(2 ) 1 + 2 36

= 81


(1 + 36 ) = [8 2(1 + 2 36 )](1 + 36 )

4
( )(
= 8 2 4 36 1 + 36
= 6 4 36
1 + 36



) ( )( )
= 6 + 6 36 4 36 4 36 = 6 4 36 + 2 36



2
2

(2 )
(
= 6 4 2 36
2 36
= 6 1 = 5 )
16 2 36
2 18
= 5 , 4 36
18
= 5
36
> 0 18
> 0

61
1

:
1.42 3 + 2 3 2
i) + =2
2 + 2 2 + 2
2 + 4 + 3 2 4 + 3
ii) + =4
1 + 1

i)
3 + 2 3 2 3 + 2 3 2
+ = + =
2 +
2
2 +
2
1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2
2

2 + 1 + 2 2 + 1 2 2 + 2 2 2 + 2 2
+ = + =
1 1 1 1
1+ 1+ 1+ 1+

2 2
2

2

2 2 (1 + 2 ) 2 2 (1 + 2 )
+ = 2 2 + 2 2 = 2 ( 2 + 2 ) = 2
1 + 2
1 +
2

ii)
2 + 4 + 3 2 4 + 3 2 2 1 + 4 + 3 2 2 1 4 + 3
+ = + =
1 + 1 1 + 1
2 ( 2 + 2 + 1) 2 ( 2 2 + 1)
+ =
1 + 1
2 ( + 1) 2 ( 1)
2 2

+ = 2 ( + 1) + 2 (1 ) = 2 + 2 + 2 2 = 4
1 + 1

62
1

2 2

+ + +
1.43
2 2
: =
4
2
2

2 2

+ + +
2 2
=

2
2

2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2
2 2 2 2 =

2
2

1 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 2
2 2
= 2
=

2 2
2 2

1 + 2 2
2 = 4 = 4 =
4
2
2 4 4 4

2
1.44 :i) =
2 1 + 2 1 +

ii) + 22 + 44 + 88 =

2
2 2 2 2 = 2 =
i) = = =
1 + 2 1 + 2
2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2
2 2
ii) = = = = 2 2 (1)
2
2 2 2 2 = 4 4 (2)

4 4 4 4 = 8 8 (3)

(1), (2) (3) :

+ 22 22 + 44 44 =
22 44 88
+ 22 + 44 + 88 =

63
1

1.45 i) 4 ( 6 + 6 ) = 1 + 3 2 2

ii)
= 6 + 6 , [0, )
.

i)
( ) [(
4 6 + 6 = 4 2 + 2 ) 3 ( + )]=
3 2 2 2 2

4(1 3 ) = 4 3 4 = 4 3 2 =
2 2 2 2 2

4 3(1 2 ) = 1 + 3 2
2 2

1 + 3 2 2
ii) = 6 + 6 =
4
[0, ) 0 2 1 0 3 2 3 1 1 + 3 2 4
2 2 2

1 1 + 3 2 2 1
1 1
4 4 4
1
min = max = 1
4
2 2 = 0 2 = 0

2 = +
2

= + ,
2 4
3
[0, ) = =
4 4

2 2 = 1 2 = 1

2 = 2 = , [0, ) = 0

2 = 2 + = + , =
2 2

64
1

i) 2 = t ,
= 1 + 2 2 + ( 4 + 4 ) 3 ( 6 + 6 )
1.46

t
ii)

4 2 2 (2 ) 2 2 t 2
2
i) : 2 2 = = = =
4 4 4 4
4 + 4 = ( 2 + 2 ) 2 2 2 =
2

1 1
1 2 2 = 1 t 2
2 2
6 + 6 = ( 2 + 2 ) 3 2 2 ( 2 + 2 ) =
3

3 3
1 3 2 2 = 1 2 2 = 1 t 2
4 4
:
t2 1 2 3 2 t2 1 9
= 1 + + 1 t 3 1 t = 1 + + 1 t 2 3 + t 2 =
4 2 4 4 2 4
t2
1+ +
9t 2 2t 2 8
= 1+
t 2 + 7t 2 8
= 1 2 +
( 7 + 1) t 2
4 4 4 4
ii) , t
1 1 2 9
7 + 1 = 0 = = = 1 + =
7 7 7 7

1 1
: i) + 4 ii) +
4 6 6
1.47
2 4

i) :
1 1 1
4 + 4 = 1 2 2 2 = 2 2 2 =
2 2 2
1 4 1 2 2
2 2 2 2
= = 0
2 2 2
1
+
4 4

2
ii) :

6 + 6
1
4
( 3 1
)
= 2 + 2 3 2 2 2 + 2 =
4
( )

1 3
4 4
2 2 3 3 2
4 4
3
1 4 = 2 = 1 2 = 2 0
4
2 3
4
( 2
)
1
6 + 6
4

65
1

1.48 2 + 2 =
2

:

2 + 2 = 2 + 2 =
2 2

2 ( + 1) = 0 2 2 2 =0
2 2 2
3
8 2 = 0 8 1 = 0
2 2 2 2 2 2

1
=0 3 =
2 2 8

= 0 = = 2 ,
2 2
1 1 4
3 = = = 2 = 4 ,
2 8 2 2 2 3 3

1.49
: i) 2 2 + 2 2 = 2 ii) 2 = 6 2 1

i) 2 + 2 = 2 2 + (2 ) = 2
2 2 2 2

2 2 + 4 2 2 = 2 ( 2 + 2 )
2 + 2 2 2 = 2 + 2
2 2 2 = 2
2 ( 2 2 1) = 0
2 (1 2 2 ) = 0
2 2 = 0
2 = 0 2 = 0

2 = 0 = 0 = = 2 ,
2 2

2 = 0 2 = 2 = 2
, =
2 2 4
ii) 2 = 6 1 1 2 = 6 1 2 = 8
2 2 2 2

1 1
2 = =
4 2
1
= = = 2 + = 2 + ,
2 6 6 6
1
= = = 2 = 2 + + ,
2 6 6 6

66
1

1.50
: i) 2 + 3 + 1 = 0 , [ 0 , 2]

ii) 2 + 2 2 =0
2

i) 2 + 3 + 1 = 0 1 2 + 3 + 1 = 0
2

2 2 + 3 + 2 = 0 2 2 3 2 = 0
1
= 2 2 3 2 = 0 1 = 2 , 2 =
2
= 2 1 1

1
= = = 2 = 2 + +
2 6 6 6

1
[0 , 2 ] 0 2 0 2 2 0 2 2
6 6
1 13 1 13
2 = 1
6 6 12 12
11
= 2 =
6 6

7
0 2 0 2 + + 2 0 2 + 2
6 6
7
0 2 +
2 0 12 + 7 12
6
7 5
7 12 5 = 0
12 12
7 11 7
= . = =
6 6 6

ii) 2 , 2 .
2 2

2 + 2 2 = 0 2 2 1 + 2 2 =0
2 2

2 2 + 2 2 1 = 0 2 2 + = 0
2
1
(2 + 1) = 0 = 0 =
2

= 0 = = 2 + = 2
2 2 2
,
1 2
= = =
2 3 3
2 2
= 2 + = 2 ,
3 3

67
1

1.51 2 + 1 2
=
1 + 2 + 2

2 +
=
(
1 1 2 2

)
1 + 2 2 1 + 2
2 (2 + 1) 2 2
=
(2 + 1) 2

= =

= = 180
+ , = .

1.52 = 1

2
2 2 1 = 1
2 2 2

2 2 2 + 1 = 1 2 = 0
2 2 2 2 2 2

= 0 =
2 2 2

= 90 = 270
= 90

2 2 2 2
= 180
= 540

= 90
2 = 90
= 90
.
2 2 2

68
1

1. () ()
2 3
i) 2 15
=
4
1
ii) 15
75
=
2

2
iii)
8 =1

1 2

8
iv) 22,5 = 1
2


3
v) 2 75
= 1
2

2

2.

1 + 2
i) 2 )
2
1 2
ii) 2 )
1 + 2
1 2
iii) 2 )
2
1 + 2
iv) 2 )
1 2

3.
29 4
< < 15 =
2 5
= 2 + 2 + 2 2
31 17 42 6
. . . .
25 25 25 25

4.
. .

+ +
i) 2 = 2 2 ) = 60

2 22 2
+
ii) 1 + ( + ) = ) = 45

2
+ 1
iii) = ) = 90

2 2 2

69
1

5. () ()
1
1) 20
40
80
=
8
1
2) 15
+ 4 15
=
4

8
1
3) 4 22,5
+ 4 67,5
=
8

6.
1) = 7 + 52
+ 2 2 64

. 0 . 2 . 4 . 8

3 3
2) =

. 0 . 2 . 4 . -2

3) = 1 2
8

. . 2 . 1 + . 1
8 8 8 8

7. .
.

2
1) (45

) )
1 2
2
2) (45
) )
1 + 2
1 + 2 2
3) ( + 60
) ( 60
) )
1 2 2
1 2
4) 1
2
)
1 + 2
2
)
2

8.
. .

1) 1 2 = 2 2 1
2
)
2 2
1
2) = )
2 2 2
1
3) 1 2 =
2
)
2 5
)

70
1

9. :
2 +
i) = ii) = 2
1 + 2 1 + 2 +

10. :
2 3 4 5 6 7 1
= 7
15 15 15 15 15 15 15 2

1
11. = , 0 < < :
4 2

2 , 2 , .
2

12. , , :
2 2 2
4 3 12 3
) = , , ) = , 0, ) = 2 2 , ,
5 2 13 2 2

13. : ( 2 + 4 )2 + ( 2 + 4 )2 = 4 2

14. :
i) = 2 2
ii) + 2 2 + 4 4 + 8 8 = 1616

3
5 4
15. , , = , = ,
,

2 2 13 5
(2 + ), (2 ) .

16. :
i) 20
40
60
80
= 3
3
ii) 10
50
80
=
3

17. , , :
4 4
2 + 2 + 2 2 = 2

71
1

18. :
i) 9 27
63
+ 18
= 4

1
ii) 6 66 42 78 =

16

19. :
i) 24
272
+ 36
78
= 12
18

2 3 5 7
ii) + 2 + 2 + 2 =
16 16 16 16
3 5 7
= 16 =2
8 8 8 8

1 + 2 3
20. : 2 + ,
+ 4

21. :
2 2
i) 1 2 = ii) =
2 2
2 2 2 2 4
1 1 1
iii)
7 7 7
= 1
2 3

7 7 7

3
4 + 4
22. :
8 8 =1
3
4 + 4
8 8

3
2 + 4
23. :
8 8 =7
4 4 5
+
12 12

24. :
1
i) 2 + 2 = 3 ii) + 2 =

iii)
2
( + 15 ) ( 15 ) = 14

2

72
1

25. :

i) 2 =2 ii) 3 3 + 3 3 = 0
3 2

26. :
i) 2 13 7 = 0 ii) 2 + 2 = 0
2

iii) 4 + 3 2 = 0

27. : (75
+ ) + (105
+ ) + 2 = 1

1 1
28. : + =2 2

+
4 4

29. :
i) 5 2 2 3 = 0
2

ii) 1 + = 4 , 0,
2

30. :
i) 3 16 2 + 3 = 0
2

ii) 1 + 2 = 0, ( , )

31. :

i) 4 + 2 = 1 2 + 10 2 =2
2
ii)
2 2

2
32. =
2
.

33. =


2 2 .
=
2
+
2 2

73
1

+
34. 2 =1
2 2

35.
+ +
+ =1
2 2 2 2
.

74
1

75
1

76