Γεωμετρια Β' Λυκειου-τεστ αξιολογησης μαθητων PDF

2000
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Copyright (C) 2000:

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, 2000
7
8
9:
() () .
1. * 2 = 2 + 2,
:
i.
ii.
ii.
2. *
: B

i. 2 =
2
ii. =
2
iii. = A
iv. 2 =
v. 2 =
2
vi. =
3. *
, B

, :
i. 2 = A
2

ii. 2 = 22 + - 2
2
iii. = + 2
2 2

2 2 2
iv. = -
2 2 2
v. = +
2
vi. 2 = + 2
4
4. * . 2 > 2 + 2.
9
5. * , ,
2 > 2 + 2, .
2 2 2
6. * . < + .
2 2 2
7. * , , < + ,
.
2
8. * , = .

9. * A < 90 2 < 2 + 2.
10. * , ,
: 2 < 2 + 2, 2 < 2 + 2, 2 < 2 + 2,
.
11. * , ,
: 2 > 2 + 2, 2 < 2 + 2, 2 > 2 + 2.
12. * , , ,

,
, .
13. * 5, 7, 9 .
14. *

: A 2 - 2 = 2.
15. * ,
,
2 = 2 + 2 - 2.
16. *
, , :
2 = 2 + 2 - 2 2 = 2 + 2 + 2,
.
10
17. * = 6 cm,
= 8 cm = 7 cm.
.
2 cm.
18. * .
2
2 + 2 = 2 2 + .
2
19. *
.
:
2
2 + 2 = 22 + .
2
20. * ,
.
21. * ,

.
22. * G
B
. =

BG
.
G
11
23. *

. = =
x
5 +1

2
.
24. *
= ,
= R. = 2 - R2.
25. *
(, R) = < R.

, ,
. = R2 - 2.
26. *
.
27. *
.
.

.
28. * = 4
OA
cm, = 3 cm = = x.
3
x 2 cm.
12
29. *

= 3 cm, = 6 cm,
= 2 cm = 8 cm.
, , ,
.
13

B
1. *
.
:
i. 2 = ii. 2 = A
2 2 2 2
iii. = iv. + =
2
v. =
2
B
2. * cm :
i. 3 ii. 4 iii. 5 iv. 6 v. 7
x
cm

4
cm
A
6 cm
B
3. * cm :

i. 2 ii. 3 iii. 2,2 iv. 3,2 v. 3,5 3 cm x
cm
A
4 cm
B
4. * cm :
i. 5,5 ii. 8 iii. 4 iv. 5 v. 4,5
10 cm
x
m
cm
6c
A
5. * 5 ,
:
i. 3, 2 ii. , 2 iii. , 2 iv. , 5 v. 3 , 2
13
6. * 2 ,
:
1 1 1 1 1 1
i. , ii. , iii. , iv. , v. ,
2 2 2 3 4 4
7. * 4 cm. cm
:
i. 2 2 ii. 5 iii. 5 2 , iv. 3 2 v. 2
8. *
2 cm 4 cm cm:
i. 8 ii. 3 2 iii. 6, iv. 2 2 v. 3

9. *

= 2. :

i. 3 ii. 4 iii. 2 iv. 1 v. 5 A B
10. * = 4 cm,
= 5 cm
= 30.
cm :
i. 3 ii. 41 iii. 10
iv. 21 v. 20
11. * :
i. 2 = 2 + 2 + ii. 2 = 2 - 2 - 2
iii. 2 = 2 + 2 + iv. 2 = 2 + 2 -
v. 2 = 2 + 2
14

12. * A < 90
.
:
i. 2 = 2 + 2 - 2
ii. 2 = 2 + 2 - 2
iii. 2 = 2 + 2 iv. 2 = 2 + 2 + 2
v. 2 = 2 + 2
13. * , , 2 = 2 + 2 + .
= :
i. 45 ii. 30 iii. 60 iv. 75 v. 15

14. * A = 90, > ,
= .
:
i. 2 + 2 = 42
ii. 2 - 2 = 2
iii. 2 = 2 + 2 +
2
iv. 2 + 2 = 2 2 +
2
BM 2
v. 2 + 2 = 22 +
2

15. * ( A = 90) :
i. 2 + 2 = 2 ii. 2 + 2 = 2 2 iii. 2 + 2 = 3 2
iv. 2 + 2 = 4 2 v. 2 + 2 = 5 2
15
16. * < ,
. :
i. 2 - 2 = 2.
ii. 2 - 2 = 2.
iii. 2 + 2 = 2.
iv. 2 + 2 = 2. v.
17. * , , : 2 = 2 + 2 - 2,
. < , :

i. < 90 ii. > 90 iii. = 90 iv. A > 90 v. > 90
18. * = 10 cm, = 9 cm = 7 cm
cm :
5 17 19
i. ii. 8 iii. 9 iv. v.
3 2 2
19. * = 5 cm, = 7 cm
= 6 cm.
. :
i. 1 ii. 2 iii. 2,5
iv. 3 v. 4
20. * = 2 cm, = 9 cm,

A 6
= 6 cm. 2 9 B
, , , :
6 6.9 2.6 15
i. ii. iii. iv. v. 3
9 2 2 2
16
21. * :
i. = ii. =
iii. = iv. =
v. =
22. * :
i. = ii. =
iii. = iv. =
v. =
23. * (, R) .
. :
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
24. * :
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
17

1. *
.
.

. 10
1. 4
. 6
2. 72
. 8
3. 4 2
. 4 2
4. 5
. 12
. 6
1 2 3 4
18
2. *
.
.

. 2 = 2 - 2
1. = 90
. 2 < 2 + 2
2. < 90 . 2 > 2 + 2
. 2 + 2 = 2
3. = 90
. 2 - 2 > 2
4. < 90 . 2 < 2 + 2
. 2 = 2 + 2
1 2 3 4
19
3. * .

.

. 2 = . + .
1.
. 2 + 2 = 2 + 2
. 2 = 2 + 2 + .
. 2 - 2 = 2 - 2
2.
. 2 = 2 + 2 + 2.
. 2 + 2 = 2 + 2
3.
1 2 3
20
4. * (, R)
.
.

.

:
. 2 - R2
1.
. R2 - 2
2.
. 0
. 2
3.
. R2
4.
. R2 + 2
1 2 3 4
21

A
1. * ,

, :
i. 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 ....
ii. 2 = 2 +
iii. 2 - 2 = B H M
iv. 22 = 2 + 2 ........
2. *
:
A B
3
4

22

3. *
:
A B
4
8

B
4. *
:
i. 2 =
ii. 2 = A
2
iii. =
iv. =
v. 2 = ()2 + ()2
B
5. *
:
2 2 2
i. + = 2 +
ii. 2 = 2 + A
2
iii. =
iv. 2 =
v. 2 = 2 -
vi. 2 = 2 +
vii. 22 = 2 + 2 -
23

1. ** , = 4 cm
= 7 cm. :
i.
ii.
2. ** + = 2 + 2 . :
i.
ii.

3. ** ( A = 90) (, r).
= 16 cm r = 4 cm, :
i.
ii.
4. ** . - = 12 cm,
:
i.
ii.
5. ** 2 = 2 + 2,
5, 5, 5 .
6. **
.
24

7. **
.
A B
8. ** . :
()2 + ()2 + ()2 = ()2 + 2 ()2 + 3 ()2.
9. ** 4
, .
A

:
4
i.
.
ii.
.
10. ** .
:
i. T
ii. T ,
.
11. ** 84 m. ,
3
.
5
25
A B
12. **

.
:
E
i. =
2
ii. - 2 = 42.
2

13. **
:
i. =
ii. 2 - 2 =

3
14. ** ( A = 90) = .
4
9
, = .
16
15. **

A
.

.

K = 90, :
B
2
i. =
ii. 2 =
26
A
16. **
8 cm.
O
R
.
B
A 2
17. ** = 2 , = 3.
2
18. **
= . . = 4,
3
2 = 2 + 2.
2
19. **

,
40 cm
30 cm.

20. ** ( )
x

24 . 24

:
.
27
21. ** ( )
, , , 4, 5 6 .
,
+ +
= .
30
22. ** 2, 1 + 3, 6 .
6 60.
23. ** 5 cm, 3 cm 7 cm.

i. .
ii.
.
24. ** = = 11
, = 3 = 7. .
25. ** 3, 4, 5.
26. ** > :
2 - 2 = 2 - 2.
27. ** , , 2 + 2 - ,

2 + 2 - .
28. ** < , > .
28

29. ** A = 120. ,
:

i. =
2
ii. = + 2 +
2 2
30. ** : = 3 cm, = 5 cm, = 7 cm.

i. .
ii. .
iii. .
31. ** = 2.
2 + 2 = 2 + 2 + 2.
32. ** (, R) .
2 + = R2.
33.

( A = 90) : = .
2
34. **
3
.
2
35. ** .
. = , = , = , =
3 2
= , : 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 + .
8
29
36. **

.
37. **
= = . : 2 + 22 = 32 + 62.

38. ** ( A = 90) :
i. 2 + 2 + 2 = 8 2
ii. 2 + 2 = 5 2
39. ** ,
: 2 + 2 = 52.

40. ** A = 90 G
. :
3 2
i. 2 + 2 + 2 =
2
2 2
ii. GA2 + GB2 + G2 =
3
41. ** 2 + 2 = 5 2 , , ,
.
42. ** , , , > ,
> , (2 + 2) - (2 + 2)
.
30
43. ** :
16 ( 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 ) = 9 (22 + 22 + 22)
44. ** = .
= . : 2 = 2 + 22.
45. ** = .
: 2 = 2, .

46. ** ( A = 90).
.
: 2 + 2 = 22.
47. ** .

, = . : 2 = 32 + 2 - 3 2 .
2
48. ** (, R),
= = . (, R) ,
, :
R2 - 2 R2 - 2
i. = = ( < R)

ii. + = .

49. ** ( A = 90).
= . : 2 = 2.
31
50. ** (, R) ( = ).

. :
i. 2 =
ii. , , .
51. ** R = 15 cm
10 cm. = 3.
.
52. **
. :
i. .
B 2 PB
ii. 2
=
P
53. ** , .
i. .
ii. 2 = + .
54. ** = (, R)
.
= 2, R.
55. ** .
= 9 cm, = 10 cm, = 15 cm,
.
32
56. ** ,
.
:
i.

.
ii. (1, R1)
(2, R2) : 1
2 1, :
(12 , R 2 ) = R 12 .
57. ** (, R),
.
, : = .
58. ** (, R),
.
. :
2 = 2 + .
59. ** ,
.
60. ** (, R) .

E = 45.
: + 22 = R2, .
61. ** (, R) (, R) .
,
.
33
62. ** .
.
i. .
ii. , .
63. ** R.

.
,
:
i. 2 + 2 = R2
ii. =
64. ** , , .

. ,
, , , .
65. **
. , :
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = .
34
-
( )
1. **
2 + 2 = 502, , = 6,
.
2. ** ,
2 - 2 = 22 = 2 (, ).
A
3. ** : = .
P
4. ** x x2 = 22 + 2, ,
.
x + y = 6
5. ** : .
xy = 8
6. ** ,
MA
. , = .
MB
7. ** .
, 2 + 2
.
35
36

( 9: )
.

, ,

.
38
1
:
.
, B

, :
i. 2 = A
2
ii. 2 = 22 + - 2
2
iii. 2 = 2 + 2
2 2 2
iv. = -
2 2 2
v. = +
2

vi. 2 = + 2
4
. .
= .
, 2 = 2.
39
2
:
1
B
.
:
2 2 2
i. + = 2 +
ii. 2 = 2 + A
2
iii. =
iv. 2 =
v. 2 = 2 -
vi. 2 = 2 +
vii. 22 = 2 + 2 -
. .
.
= 9 cm, PB = 10 cm, = 15 cm, :
i.
ii. .
40
3
:
. = 6 cm,
= 8 cm
.
:
32
i. x = 6 y =
3
ii. x = 2 y = 32
iii. x = 4 y = 16
iv. x = 5 y = 12,8
64
v. x = 7 y =
7
B
B. ( A = 90) :

i. 2 + 2 = 2 ii. 2 + 2 = 2 2
iii. 2 + 2 = 3 2 iv. 2 + 2 = 4 2 A
v. 2 + 2 = 5 2
41
2
4
, , , 2, 9, 3 6 km/h.
(1 h) 1, 1, 1, 1 .
i. 4
.
ii. .
iii. ( h) , , ,
.
iv.
( h) R , 2 = R2 - 182.
(: = . )
42
4
:
. :
,

.
. : = , = 2 ,
= 3 . :
i.
ii.

.
.

2, 3, 4
2, 3, 5

6, 8, 10
3, 6, 10
16, 10, 14
43
44
-

9:
46
-
1. i. 3. i. 4. 13. 22.
ii. ii. 5. 14. 23.
iii. iii. 6. 15. 24.
2. i. iv. 7. 16. 25.
ii. v. 8. 17. 26.
iii. vi. 9. 18. 27.
iv. 10. 19. 28.
v. 11. 20. 29.
vi. 12. 21.
1. iii 7. i 13. ii 19. ii

2. iii 8. iv 14. v 20. v
3. iv 9. ii 15. iv 21. ii
4. v 10. iv 16. v 22. ii
5. iii 11. iii 17. ii 23. ii
6. v 12. iv 18. i 24. i
47
1. 1 2. 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
3. 1 4. 1
2 2
3 3
4
1. i. 2 = 2 + 2 + 2
ii. 2 = 2 + 2
iii. 2 - 2 = 2
2
iv. 22 = 2 + 2 -
2
2.
3
4
5
3,2
1,8
2,4
3.
48
4
8
16
8 3
12
4 3
4. i. 2 =
ii. 2 =
iii. 2 =
iv. =
v. 2 = 2 + 2
2
5. i. 2 + 2 = 22 +
2
ii. 2 = 2 + 2
iii. 2 =
iv. 2 =
v. 2 = 2 - 2
vi. 2 = 2 + 2
2
vii.22 = 2 + 2 -
2
49

1. i. , A

, :
2 = 2 - 2 = 72 - 22 = 49 - 4 = 45.
= 45 = 3 5 cm. K
ii. :
K
() = = ,
2 2 B
H

=

43 5 12 5
= = cm
7 7

2. i. :
: + = 2 + 2
+ 2 =2+ 2
(1 + 2)=2+ 2
(2 + 2 )
=
1+ 2
A B
(2 + 2 ) ( 2 - 1)
=
(1 + 2 ) ( 2 - 1)
(2 + 2 ) ( 2 - 1)
=
2 -1
= (2 + 2 ) ( 2 - 1) = 2
ii. :
: + = 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 -
= 2 + 2 - 2
= 2
50

3. ,
= = 4 cm, = 4 cm
= 12 cm, = 12 cm
= x, = x

= 16, = 4 + x, =
x
x + 12,
:
x
2 + 2 = 2
162 + (4 + x)2 = (x + 12)2

256 + 16 + 8x + x2 = x2 + 24x + 144
24x - 8x = 256 + 16 - 144
16x = 128
128
x= , x = 8
16
i. = 8 + 12 = 20 cm
ii. = 4 + 8 = 12 cm
A
4. i. ,

:
3
= .
2
- = 12 cm
3
- = 12. : B
2 H
3 12 24
(1 - ) = 12 = =
2 2- 3 2- 3
2
= 24 (2 + 3 ) cm
3 24 (2 + 3 ) 3
ii. = . = = 12 (2 + 3 ) 3 cm =
2 2
51
12 (2 3 + 3) cm.
5. (5)2 + (5)2 = 252 + 252 = 25 (2 + 2) = 252 = (5)2

5, 5, 5 .
A
6. > .
:
2 - 2 = (2 + 2) - (2 + 2) =
2 - 2
:
, 2 = 2 + 2
B H
, 2 = 2 + 2

7. 2 = .
. .
, : 2 =
A B
( O Z

).
A
8. ,
2 = 2 + 2
,

2 = 2 + 2
,
2 = 2 = 2 + 2

B
+ + = + + + + + = + 2 + 32
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
52
AB
9. i. , // ,

A

ii. // , =
4
(
).
.
:
2 = 2 - 2 2 = (5)2 - (3)2 = 252 - 92 = 162
= 4, = = 4
A
10. .
3
i. = ( )
2
3
3
3 3
ii. = = 2 =
2 2 4

84
11. = 1, = 2 = = 21 cm
4
3 1
: 2 = 1 (1)
5
:

2
2 2
2
+ 1 = 212 (2)
2 2
(1) (2) :

53
2
3
1 2
5 + 1 = 212 9 12 + 12 = 4414 34 12 = 1764
2 2 25 25

34 12 = 254414
25 441 4
12 =
34
25 441 4 5 2 21
1 = = 34 cm
34 34
3 3 5 2 21 34 126 63 34
2 = 1 = 34 = = cm
5 5 34 34 17
B
12. i. . A

.

= , =
2 2

= - ,
- -
= = = (1)
2 2 2
ii. :
2 = 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 2 - 2 = 2 (2)
A (1) : = 2 2 = 42 (3)
2 2 2
A (2) (3) : - = 4
54

13. i.

, =
.
ii.
, :
2 = 2 + 2 (1)
2 2 2
= + (2)
(1) (2) :
2 - 2 = 2 - 2 = ( + ) ( - ) = =
B
3 AB 3
14. = , =
4 A 4

(AB) 2 B
2
= ,
(A)
2
B 3 9
= =
4 16
A
15. i.
.
2 = A
ii.
=
B Z
=
E
,
B

B = Z
( ).

. =
55
A
16. = = 8 cm.
T
.
. O
.
B
2 = . = - = 2R - 8.
42 = 8 (2R - 8). R = 5 cm. E

17.
.

B = 2 ,

B = 60,

= 30
B M
.
A 2 B
2
= (1) = = (2)
AB B 2

( B = 60).
B
. = = (3)
2 2
A 2 + + 2 3
(1), (3) 2
= = = =3
AB B B B
56
A
18. , :
2
5AB
2 = 2 + 2 = 2
+ =
4
2
2 3AB 2
+ + (1) B
4
, :
2 = 2 + 2 (2)
(1) (2) :

2
9 AB 8
2 = 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 + + 2 + 2 =
16 4 16
8 1
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 =
16 2
3 3
2 + 2 = 2 + 2
2 2

19.
:
2 2 2
= 30 + 40
2
= 900 + 1600
= 50 cm
= 1350 cm
= 650 cm

57
x
20.
: x

2 2 2
2x = 24 x = 288
24
x= 288 x 17
A
21. , ,

: = = = . :
4 5 6

= 4, = 5, = 6 (1)
: 362 < 252 + 162
2 2
36 < 41 ,
B
.
,

,

:
2 = 2 + 2 - 2 362 = 252 + 162 - 25 - 52 = - 10
15 ++
= = = ( (1)).
2 30 30
58
A
22. = 6 , = 1 + 3 , = 2

, 2
.
1+
( 6 )2 = (1 + 3 )2 + 22 - 2 (1 +
3
3 )
B
6 = 1 + 3 + 2 3 + 4 - 2 (1 + 3 )
6
6 - 8 - 2 3 = - 2 (1 + 3 )
- 2 (1 + 3 ) = - 2 (1 + 3 ) , = 1
1
= = . = 60.
2
23. i. : 72 > 52 + 32,

A
49 > 34, - 1
3 5

B 7
A .
ii. :
72 = 52 + 32 + 25
49 = 25 + 9 + 10
15 = 10 = 1,5 cm
1,5 1
A 1 = = 0,5 = , A 1 = 60, A = 120
3 2
59
A
24. ,
,
:
2 = 2 + 2 + 2 11 11
x
112 = x2 + 32 + 232
121 = x2 + 9 + 12
121 = x2 + 21, x2 = 100, x = 10
= 10 B 3 M
2 2 + 2 2 - 2
25. 2 =
4
2 2 2
2 + 2 -
2 = . = 5, = 3, = 4. :
4
2 2 2
2 + 2 -
2 =
4
2 = 2 + 2 22 + 22 - 2 = 22 + 22 - 2 + 22 + 22 - 2

2 + 2 = 52 > 2, A < 90. B < 90 < 90
A
26. .

2
: H
2 2
- = 2 (1)

:
B M
2 - 2 = 2 (2)
(1) (2) : 2 - 2 = 2 - 2
60
27. : 2 + 2 - < 2 + 2. A

2 2
+ - .
2
: 2 + 2 - =

2 + 2 - 2 2
B + 2 -
2 2 2 2
+ - = + - 2 - = - 2

1
= 2 = . = = 2 = , A = 60
2 B 2
1
28. < , 2 < 2 .
2 2 + 2 2 - 2 2 2 + 2 2 - 2
< 32 < 32 2 < 2. > .
4 4

29. i. :
A
2 = 2 + 2 + 2 (1) 1
120
:

A
A1 =

A
60 = B

1 A
= , = (2)
2 2
ii. (1) (2) :

2 = 2 + 2 + 2 2 = 2 + 2 +
2
61
30. i. 72 > 32 + 52 2 > 2 + 2, A

B
ii. 2 = 2 + 2 + 2
72 = 52 + 32 + 25 3
49 - 25 - 9 = 10 = 1,5 7
B 1,5 1
iii. B1 = = = 0,5.
AB 3 B

1 = 60, B = 120 5

31.
-
:
2 = 2 + 2 - 2 (1)
:
2 2 2
= + - 2 (2)
(1), (2):
2 + 2 = 2 + 2 - 2 + 2 + 2 - 2 =
2 + 2 + 22 - 2 ( + ).

+ = = .
2
2
: 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 + 22 - =
2
2 + 2 + 22 - 2 = 2 + 2 + 2
62
32. A

:
2 = 2 + 2 - 2

R2 = 2 + ( - 2)
- 2 =
R2 = 2 +

33. :
2
2 + 2 = 2 2 +
2

2
2 2 2
= + -2
2
2 2
2 2 = 2 - =
2 2 A B
2
2 = , =
4 2
A
34. = =
2
2 + 2 = 2 2 +
2
2 2 3 2
2 2 = 2 + 2 - = 22 - =
2 2 2
B M
3
: = =
2
63
A
35. 1

B :

2
2 + 2 = 22 + (1)
2

B M
:
2
2 + 2 = 22 + .
2
2
: 22 = 2 + 2 - (2)
2
2 2
(1) (2) : 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 + - =
2 2
2

2
2 2 2 3 2
= 2 + 2 + - = 2 + 2 + - , 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 +
2 2 2 8 8

36.
.

B :
2
2 + 2 = 22 + (1) B
2

:
2
2 + 2 = 22 + (2)
2 A
(1) (2) :
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 (2 + 2) + 2 =
2
2 (22 + ) + 2 = 42 + 2 + 2 2 + 2
2
64
A
37. 1

B , :
2
2 + 2 = 22 + (1)
2
2 B
2 + 2 = 22 +
2
22 + 22 = 42 + 2 (2)
(1) (2):
2
2 + 2 + 22 + 22 = 22 + 42 + 2 +
2
2
2 + 22 = 32 + 2 + (3)
2
: = 2, = 2
(3) : 2 + 22 = 32 + 42 + 22 = 32 + 62

38. i. :
2 + 2 + 2 = 22
: 2 = 4 2

= 2 = .
2

4 2 = 2 (1)
2 2 + 2 2 - 2 2 2 + 2 2 - 2
ii. 2 + 2 = +
4 4 A B
=
4 2 + 2 + 2 5 2 2
= = 2 + = 5 2 ( (1)).
4 4 4
65
A
39. . :
2 + 2 = 2
2 2
( )2 + ( )2 = 2
3 3
4
( 2 + 2 ) = 2
9

B
4 4 2 + 2 + 2
= 2 42 + 2 + 2 = 92 2 + 2 = 52
9 4

40. i. 2 + 2 + 2 =
2 2 + 2 2 - 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 - 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 - 2
4
2 2 2
3 + 3 + 3 3 ( 2 + 2 ) + 3 2
= = =
4 4 G
2 2 2
3 + 3 6 3 2
= =
4 4 2
2 2 2
ii. GA2 + GB2 + G2 = ( )2 + ( )2 + ( )2 = A B
3 3 3
4 3 2 2 2
=
9 2 3
66
4 2 + 2 + 2
41. 2 + 2 = (1)
4
2 2 + 2 2 - 2
5 2 = 5 (2)
4
2 + 2 = 5 2 (3)
(3) (1) (2) :
4 2 + 2 + 2 10 2 + 10 2 - 5 2
= 42 + 2 + 2 = 102 + 102 - 52
4 4
92 = 92 + 92

2 = 2 + 2. B
B
42. :
(2 + 2) - (2 + 2) = 2

2 2 2 2
( - ) + ( - ) = 2
A Z
, H
2 :

B : 2 - 2 = 2 (1)

: 2 - 2 = 2 (2) >
>
(1), (2) :
(2 - 2) + (2 - 2) = 2 ( + )
(2 - 2) + (2 - 2) = 2
43. 16 ( 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 ) = ( ) =
9 (22 + 22 + 22)
67

44. 1

B :
2
2 + 2 = 22 +
2
2
2 = 22 - 2 + = B
2
(2) 2 4 2
2 + = 2 + = 2 + 22
2 2

45.

A
B :
2 = 2 + 2 + 2 =
22 + 2 =
2 ( + ) = 2

46. 1
:

2
2 + 2 = 22 + =
2
(2 ) 2
22 + = 22 + 22 =
2
2 ( + 2) = 22
2
A B
( M )
68
A
47. 1

M ,
:
ME 2
2 + 2 = 22 +
2 B
2
2
2 = 22 - 2 + (1)
2

1 B :
2 2 2
2 + 2 = 22 + 2 + 2 = 2 2 + = 2 + 2 - 2 2 (2)
2 2 2
(1) (2) :
2 = 22 - 2 + 2 + 2 - 2 2 2 = 32 + 2 - 3 2
48. i. : P = A = (R - ) (R + ) P
2 2
=R -
R 2 - 2
= R2 - 2 = (1)

O
= = (R - ) (R + )
2 2
=R -
R 2 - 2
= R2 - 2 = (2)

ii. (1), (2) :
2 2
+ = 2 2 + 2 2 = 2 2 + 2 2 =
R - R - R - R -

2
20 2 +
2 + 2 2 2
2 = 2R + 2 = .
=
R 2 - 2 R 2 - 2 R 2 - 2
69

49.

:
2 = 2 + 2 + 2 =
22 + 2 = 2 ( + ) =
2 ( + ) = 2 A
A
50. i.
1

B :
2 = 2 + 2 - 2

2 = 2 + ( - 2) (1)
:
- 2 = - - = M
1
B
B
- = (2)
2
(1) (2) : 2 = 2 + (3)
= (4)
2 2
(3) (4) : = + = ( + ) = A
ii. , ,
. 2 =
, , .
70

51. = (1)
= 3
= - = 15 - 10 = 5 cm
= + = 10 + 15 = 25 cm

H (1) :

3 = 525 32 = 125
125
=
3

125
= + . = 4 = 4 cm
3

52. i. (1)

= B (
A
)

= ()
(1)

ii. :

= =

2 =
B
2 2 2
2
: = = = =
2

71
A
53. i.

(1).

, .

(1).
,
.
ii. B

2
= +
, :
= , =
:
+ = ( + ) + = 2
54. 2 =
(2)2 = = 4
A
= - = 4 - = 3
O
B :
(2R)2 = 2 +2
3 B
2 2 2 2 2 2
4R = (3) + 4R = 9 + 2

5 10
R= R=
2 2
72

55. = 9 cm, = 10 cm, = 15 cm
: =
910 = 15 = 6 cm A
2 B
=
2 = 615
= 9 10 = 3 10 cm
O
56. i. (1, R1), (2, R2) x

y

x y = 90, O1 O2

(O1O2)2 = (O1)2 + (O2)2 1 2
(O1O2)2 = R 12 + R 22 (1)
(1)
O1
ii. (O 2 , R 2 ) = (O1O2)2 - R 22 = R 12
57.

( = = 1L)

, = .

(, ) , O
2
:
= = .
73

58. : 2 = 2 + (1)
2 =
(, R)
(1) :

2 - 2 = 2 - = O
( - ) = (2)
= ,
.
(2) : 2 - 2 = 2 = 2 +
59.
M 2 2
= (O, R) = = - R =
2 - R2 = , > R.
O
60. : + 22 = R2
AEEB = R2 - OE2
2 2
AEEB + OE = R (1)
45
45 O
Z

( Z = 90) , = .
:

= + = 2 . (1) : + 2 = R2
2 2 2 2 2
74

61. (O, R), (O, R)

.
2 =
2 =
= .

2
62. i. : = = ,
4

( = = )
2
O

ii. B :

2

2 + 2 = 2 2 + (1)
2

2 (2 + 2) = 4 2 + 2 2 = 2 (2 + 2) - 4 2
2 2 ( 2 + 2 ) - 4 2 2 + 2
(i) : = = = - 2
4 4 2
75
63. i. : 2 + 2 = R2
= M, = , KM B

= B
2

A .

M :
2 + 2 = R2
2
2 2 2 2 2
+ = R + = R (1)
2

ii. M :
AK 2
2 + 2 = 22 + ( ) (2)
2
AK 2 R 2 AK 2
(1) (2) : R2 - = 22 = - =
2 2 4

64.
. ,
,
, ,
,
.

, , ,
:
) =

) =
) =

76

65. 1

B ,

A :
B 2
2 + 2 = 22 + (1)
2
2
2 + 2 = 22 + (2)
2
(1), (2): 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 =
2 + 2 2 + 2
42 + = 4R2 + = ,
2 2
, .
77
-

1. = 6
.
1
2
: 2 + 2 = 22 + , O
2
36 2
502 = 22 +
2
2 = 162 = 4 =
,
(, 4)
: (, 4).
2 36 2
: 2 + 2 = 22 + = 2 (4)2 + = 322 + 182 = 502
2 2
2 2 2
: + = 50
(, 4).
2. = 2, . ()
:
2 - 2 = 2 22 = 2

22 = 4 = =
2
( > ) O
2
= .
2
,
.
78
: () :

2 - 2 = 2 = 22 = 22.
2
.
().

3. AB

= , :

= = = (1)

(1) O

,

.

, , P = 90.
.
: (, R)

AB () .

AB
.
4. x2 = ( 2 )2 + 2. :
i. 2 ,
, .
2 )+
x = ( 2 2
ii. x
, 2 . 2

79
5. x+y=6
xy = 8 = (2 2 )2

= 6.
AB
(, ).
2

= 2 2 .
, .
,
, . x, y.
+ = 6. , ,
:
2 = (2 2 )2 = xy
= x, = y.
: ,
2 2 < 3
.
6.

= , E

= = = (1). B

,
, ,
A
M = 90.
.
80
: , ,
(1). .
.
:
E
(
2
).
2
7. 2 + 2 = 22 + (
2

M , ). B
2 2
+
,
() (
A
), ().
81
10:
1. * ,
.
2. *
, .
3. *
, .
4. *
.
5. * .
6. * = ( - ) ( - ) ( - )
.
1 . 2
7. * = 1, 2
2

.
8. * .
9. * .
10. *
.
11. *
( ) .
, = .
( ) .
12. * ,
, .
13. * 4 cm ,
16 cm2.
82
14. * ,
9-.
15. *
.
16. * ,

.
17. * 1, 2
1, 2 .
18. * 1, 2
1, 2.
19. * 2
.
20. *
60.
21. *
( ) .
, = .
( ) .
22. *
( ) ( )
, 2
= = 2,
2
.
1 2
23. * ,
2

.
24. *
.
83

1. * ,
,
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
2. * -

.

. = . . = . . = 2.
B
. = . . = .
2
1
3. * ,
3

1 1 1 1 1
. . . . . . . . . .
3 9 6 27 3
84
1 . 2
4. * = (1, 2 )
2

. .
. .
. .
. 1 = 22.
. .
5. *
3 2 3 3
. 2 . . . . . . 2 . . 2 .
4 4 2 16 4
6. * ,
//

. () = ().
. = .
. = .
. = 90 - .
. .
7. *
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
85
( ) .
8. * 111 =
( 1 1 1 ) 1 1 . 1 1

. = 1. . = 1 .
. = 180 - 1 - 1. . = 90 + 1.
. = 1 ( + 1) = 180.
9. *

. = 90. . = . . = 60 = .
. = . . = .
10. * 1, 2

1 + 2 2
. 1 + 2 . . . . 1 + .
2 2 2
1 + 2 1 + 2
. 2. . 2 .
4 2
11. * = ( - ) ( - ) ( - )
, ,
+
. = + + . . 2 = 2 ( - ). . = .
2

. = + + . . = .
2 2 2
86
12. * 1, 2
,
1
. 2 = 1.2 . . 2 = . . 1 = 22 .
2
2

. = 1 . . 1.2 = .
2
13. *
,
. () = ().
. () = ().
. () = () + ().
. () = ().
. () = 2 ().
14. * 4 3 cm2.

. 4 3 cm. . 8 3 cm. . 4 4 3 cm.
12
. 4 cm. . cm.
3
15. *
1 1 1
. . . . . (90 - ).
2 2 2
1
. ( + ) ( + ) ( + ) . . .
2
87
16. *
1 2 2 2
. . . . . 22. . 2 . . .
2 4 2
17. * ( = 90)
1 1 1
. . . . . .
2 2 2
1 1
. . . .
2 2
18. * 1, 2,

1 + 2 1 . 2 1 . 2
. . . . . . . 12 . 22 . . 1.2.
2 2 4
88

1. *
.

1.
) 32 3
) 80
) 60
2.
) 96
) 92 3
3.
89
2. *
.

1.
) 12,5
) 25
2.
) 3 108
108
)
12
3.
) 12
90
3. *

.

,

.
.
.
1. () =
2 ) ,
. )
2. () =
2
3. . = ()
.
4. () =
2
)
91
4. *
.

1.
2
) =
2
) = .
2.
) = .
) = .
3.
2
) =
2
.
) =
4. 2
92
5. *
.

1.
1
) .
4
30
3
)
4

2. .
)
2
1 3
) .
2 2
3.
1 2
) .
2 2
2 3
)
4. 4
93
6. * .
.
.

1.
) 82
) 72
2. ) 62
) 42
3.
) 32
4. ) 22
) 2
5.
3 2
)
2
94

1. *
.
2. *
, .
3. * () = ( - ) ( - ) ( - )
= .

4. * ( , ),
2
.
5. * 1, 2 , .
6. * 1, 2
,
.
7. * 30.
, .
95
8. *
.

96
9. *
.

= 2, = 3, = 60 =
= 3, = 3, = 4 =
= = , = 5 3 =
===4 =
97

1. ** , ,
,
. :
) () = ()
1
) () = ().
4
2. **

,
.
3. **
= 30, :
1
) () = .
4
1
) () = ..
4
4. **

.

.
98
5. **
.

.
6. ** ,
, 60.
7. ** ,
1
.,
2
, .

8. ** ,
1
.,
2
, .
9. **
,
9 2
.
16
99
10. **

.
() = ().
11. ** .

, ,
= , = , =
. :
) () = ()
) () = 3().
12. **
2

,
4 30
.

30.
13. ** 256 cm2.

10 cm, cm2 ;
14. **
.
.
100

15. **
2
, = .
3

2
. M
3
16. **
( ) .
K = 120. = .
( ) 2
17. **
3 = 2 ,
.
) .
) :
() = () = () = ().
18. ** 4 m,
136 m2. .
19. ** 48 cm
5 cm. .
20. ** = 60, = 12 cm, = 3 cm

.
.
101
21. **
,
.
1
() = ().
2
22. **
= = . ,

.
) , .
) .
) , .
23. ** , ,
(, R)

. :
R ( + ) = 2.
24. **

,
,
//,
.
.
102
25. **

= = 120

= 2 cm, = 6 cm, = 10 cm.
:
) ) .

26. ** 14 cm
20 cm, :
)
) .
27. ** 5-
12- .
40 cm2, :
)
) .
28. ** , ,

B
= , = = .
:
A
) () = 2 ()
) () = 7 ().
103
29. **

.
: ()2 = () . ().

30. ** ( A = 90).

, ,

.

= , = , =
, :
) (), (), ()
) ,
31. ** = , =
A
= 30.
30
,

. B
) .
) .
32. ** = ,
= 60 = 45.
:
)
)
) .
104
33. ** .
, ,
1
, , : = ,
2
1 1
= , = .
3 4
() = , :
) , , .
) .
34. ** (
= ) = 6 cm =
120.
) .
1
) , =
2
, .
35. ** = 2,
.

:
( BM ) 1 ( M) 1
) = ) = .
( ) 2 ( ) 3

36. **
.
:
() + () = () + ().
105
37. **

.

. :
) () = ()
) () = () + ().
38. ** ,
.

, // //

, . :
) () = .

) () = ().
39. ** = ,
= .

.
:
( - )
) () =
4
) () - () = ().
40. ** = 17 cm, = 8 cm, = 15 cm.

) .
( B )
) , .
( )
106
41. ** 90 cm2.
,
2
, ,
1

.

.
42. **

=
, = , = , = .
)
) ,
.
43. **
.

.
44. **
.

.

107
45. ** ,
60 m, 160 m2
8 m.
46. ** ,
= 70 cm, = 20 cm
= 40 cm
= 30 cm.
) .
) .
47. ** :
2 + 2 + 2 = 3 3
(, , ).
48. **
,
.
49. ** = 6 cm
.
108
50. ** 4 ,
1, 2, 3 .
.
51. **

(.
).
30 m 40 m

. :
) , 40 m 30 m
;
) + = 70 m;
: .
109
52. **
= = = .
)
, .
) ;
) ,
, ,
, .
) (), (),
;
53. **

60 m.

,
30 m,
.
4
.
)
.
) 4
.
)
.
) ,

;
: () ,
.
110
54. ** 600 m,
300 m.
8 .
)
.
)
.
) 8
. ;
) 8 :
i)
ii) .
:
:
:
600 m,
300 m. 8
.
55. ** .
56. ** .
57. **
.
58. **
= 3, = 7.
111

( 10: )
.

, ,

.
114
1
:
1
A.

.
B. :
) .
) .
) .
2
, ,
. :
) () = ()
) () = 4 ()
115
2
:
1
.
1 + 2
= . 1, 2
2
.
. :
) .
) .
2
300 m
,
.
:
A. ) .
) .
. ,
. x.
116
3
:
1
.
.
.
:
) .
) .
) .
2
.
:
A. .
B. .
.

,
.
117
4
:
1
.

.
. :
() = 20 cm2, () = 30 cm2
= 10 cm.
i)
10
) 4 cm. ) 2 cm. ) 3 cm. ) 1,5 cm. ) cm.
2
ii)
30
) cm. ) 12 cm. ) 2 cm. ) 3 cm. ) 6 cm.
2
2

,
,

,

5
. = 10 m
1
60,
:
) .
) .
) .
118
) 3.000.000 .,
;
119
-

10:
120

1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. , 6. , 7. , 8. , 9. , 10. , 11. , 12. ,

13. , 14. , 15. , 16. , 17. , 18. .
1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. , 6. , 7. , 8. , 9. , 10. , 11. ,
12. , 13. , 14. , 15. , 16. , 17. , 18. , 19. , 20. , 21. ,
22. , 23. , 24. .
1. 1 2. 1
2 2
3 3
3. 1 4. 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5. 1 6. 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5
121
1. .
2. .
++
3. =
2
4. H 90.
5. .
2 1
6. 1, , 2.
2 2

7.
4
16 3 9
8. ) 24 ) )
3 2
3 3
9. ) ) 2 5 ) 25 3 ) 4 3
2
122

1. ) , ,
// // .

.

. () = ().
) () = () , () = ()
() = ()
. () = () = () = ().

1
() = 4 () () = ().
4
+
2. () = .
2
:

() =
2

() =
2

() + () = +
2 2
+ ( + )
() = =
2 2
+
() =
2
123
1 1 1 1
3. ) () = .30 = . = .
2 2 2 4
1
) : () =
4
1
: () =
4
1
() =
4
1
() =
4
: () + () + () + () =
1
( + + + ) =
4
1
[ ( + ) + ( + )] =
4
1 1 1
( + ) = [( ( + )] =
4 4 4
1
() = () + () + () + () =
4
4. () = () (1)

() = () (2)

() = () (3)

(2) (3) (1) :
() - () - () = () - () - ()
() = ()
.
124
5. () = 2 ().
,
, ,
() = (), () = (), () = ()
() = (). :
() = () + () + () + () +
() + () + () + () =
2 () + 2 () + 2 () + 2 () =
2 [() + () + () + ()] = 2 ()
1
6. = .
2
1 2 1 1 2
= . = = 2.
2 2 2

,
.
60.
1
7. = .
2
1 1 1
= . = = .
2 2 2

, .
125
1
8. = . ,
2
1 1 1
, = . = = .
2 2 2

, .
9. 4 2.
3.
3
4 = 3 = .
4
2
3 3 9 2
= = 2 = = .
4 4 16
E
10.
1

1 = 2
K 1
, 1 = B 1 2
= .
= . 1

= - = - = .
,
.
A + +
: = () = ().
2 2
126
1
11. ) () = O =
2
1
= ()
2

O =

, I = H = 90.
) () = () () = ().
() + () + () = 3 ().
2
12. () = .
4
2
30 1
1
() = 1
2
1
() = 2
2

O 1 + O 2 = 180.
() = 4 ()
2 1 2
4 () = 4 1 =
4 2 2 2 4
2 2 1
1 = 1 = O 1 = 30
2 4 2
13. = 2. 2 = 256 cm2 =

16 cm. 10 cm, 6 cm
= 36 cm2.
= - = 256 - 36 = 220 cm2.
127
AB AB
14. : () = , () = .
2 2
() = ()
() = () + ()
() = () + ()
() = ().

2
15. () = ().
3
1 1 2
: () = = =
2 2 3
2 1 2
( ) = () M
3 2 3
16. = 120
.
()
= = =
() AB A 2
17. ) :
AB - 3 -
= = =
2 2
2
() = = =
2 2 2
= , ,
2
= =
2
128
)
= . () = (). ,
() = (),
= = .
18. . 2.
4 m, :
= ( + 4)2 + 136 = ( + 4)2 2 + 136 = 2 + 8 + 16 8 =
136 - 16 8 = 120 = 15 m
19. 48 cm 48 = 4,
. = 12 cm.
5 cm,
12 cm 5 cm = 60 cm2.
20. .
1 1 1 3
= = 12360 = 36 = 9 3 cm2.
2 2 2 2
:
2 3
= 9 3 2 = 36 = 6 cm.
4
129
21. :
1 1
() = () () = () =
2 2
1 1 1
() = ().
2 2 4
1 1
() = () () = () =
2 2
1 1 1
() = ()
2 2 4
1 1 1
() = () + () = () + () = ()
4 4 2
22. ) = = .

=
2
B 2 + 2
= =
2 2
:
2 4 2 + 2
2 = 2 + 2 2 = 2 + =
4 4
1
= 4 2 + 2
2

2 2 =
) () = = (1)
2 2 8

() = = 2 2 = . () = ().
2 2 8
) (1).
130
23. .
: () = () + ()
R R
= + ( = , = )
2 2
2 = ( + ) R

24. : 1 = 2, 1 = B 1 , B 1 = 1 . 1 1

: B
4
2 1
3

B : = (1)

1 1

() A (1)
, 3 = 4. = = 1
() A
() = ().

25. = 360 - ( + ) =
360 - 240 = 120
1

) () = =
2
1 3
610 = 15 3 cm2
2 2

1 1 3
) (K) = AKA K = 26 = 3 3 cm2
2 2 2
1 1 1 3
(K) = AKA K = 210120 = 210 = 5 3 cm
2 2 2 2
() = (K) + (K) + (K) = 3 3 + 5 3 + 15 3 = 23 3 cm2
131
2 2
1
26. ) = 5 cm . : + 2 = 52
2 2
( ) 12 + 22 = 100. (1 + 2)2 - 212 = 100,
1 2
1 + 2 = 14 cm, 12 = 48 cm2. = = 24 cm2
2
) = 24 = 5. = 4,8 cm.

27. ) = x, A = 5x.
1

= 30, A = 150.
30
= = (1)
2
(1)

= = = 40 (2)
2
2 ( + ) = 12 (3)
(2), (3) = 20 cm, = 4 cm (4)
) (1), (4) = 2 cm. = 1 = 40 14 = 40.
1 = 10 cm.

28. )
1
()

. =
()
1
1
= (1)
2
)
() = 2 (), () = 2 () (2)
() = () + () + () + ()
132
(1), (2) () = 7 ().
133
29.
, :
() A E E
= = (1)
() AB A A
, :
() A E
= = (2)
() AB A A
E
: = (3) ( // )
A A
() ()
(1), (2), (3) = .
() ()
()2 = () ().
30. ) + = 180.
()
= =1

()
( = = , = = ).

() = () = ( = ).
2

() = , () =
2 2
) () = () + () + () + () + () + () +

() = + 2 + 2 + 2 + + + = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 =
2 2 2 2
2 + ( + )2 () = 22 + 2 = 2 (2 + ).
133

31. ) A + A = 180. A
(EAH)
= = 1. 30
()

) () = () + () +
30 B
() + () = +
2
150
+ 2 + 2 = + 2 + 2
2 2
32. ) H ,
= = (1) = 2 .

, A = 30,
2 2 3
= =
3 3
AB 3
= = (2)
2 3
3+ 3
(1), (2) : = + =
3

3+ 3
) = 2
6

1 3+3 3 2 3 2 + 6
) = , , 1 = = , , 2 =
2 6 2 6

134
33. )
.
() E 1
= , =
() AB 3
1
= .
2

() 1 ()
= 2 3 = , () = = .
() 6 6 6
() 3 () 3
() = = () = = .
6 6 8 8
3 7
) () = () - () - () - () = - - - =
6 8 6 24
34. ) () = 120 = 18 3 cm2

)
.
2
() E 2
= = 2 3 =
() A 6
2 () 2 18 3
() = = = 6 3 cm2
6 6
35. )
, , . :

(BM)
= = .
()
1
= = (1)
2
( , )
(BM) 1
=
() 2
135
(M)
) = (2)
()
(1) :
+ 1+ 2 2
= , , = (3)
2 3
A 2B
(M) 1
, (2), (3) : = 2 3 ==
() 3
AB
36. () = (
2
)
A
() = , () = ,
2 2
B
() =
2
AB + A +
() + () = () + () = (1)
2 2
+ = + (2)
, (1) (2) () + () = () + ()
: (2)
.
37. ) () = () - () (1)
() = () - () (2)
() = (),

. ,
(1), (2) () = ()
136
) () = () + () (3)
() () = () (4)
() = () (5)
(3) (4), (5) : () = () + ()
38. ) (). :
Z + E
= .
2

Z + E //

//
() = = (1)
2
) ()

() = (2)
= (3)
(1), (2), (3) : () = ()
39. ) () = () + ().

-
=
2
- 1
, () = +
2 2 2 2
- 1 ( - )
=
2 2 2 4
+ 3 +
+
) () =
EZ +
= 2
= 2 = 3 +
2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2
3 + 3 +
() = . () = .
8 8
-
() - () = = ()
4
137
40. ) 172 = 82 + 152, 2 = 2 + 2
.
) (), ()

.
2 2
(AB) 15 12
: = =
() 8
41. .
2
() 2 2 4
= = = .
() 3 9
() = 90 cm2,
4 90
() = = 40 cm2
9
42. )

: 2
1

i) BB = ii) =

iii) =
= .
= , .
() 2
) 2 = 1, = = =2
()

: () = 2 () = 2 =
2
: () = . :
() = () + 2 () + 2 () = + 2 + 2 = 5
138
43. ,

(

,
),
.

44. = .
= = (

).
= + = + (1)
= + = + =
+ = (2)

+ + + + (1)
() = = = + =
2 2 2 2
( 2)

= + = + = 2 ()
2 2 2 2
v
45. 2 + v + V = 60 (1)
v+V
8 = 160 (2)
2
8
(1) (2)
2 = 20, = 10 m.

H

2 = 2 + 2, , = 6 m V
= , 2v + 2 = 60 - 2 = 40, , v = 14 m
V = 14 + 26 = 26 m.
139

46. A

) = =

= =
- - -
20
= = , = 12 cm, = 16 cm.
50

122 + 162 = 202, O .
42 56 12 16
) () = () - () = - = 1080 cm2.
2 2
3
47. : = , = .
2
3 3
= , = .
2 2
2
3 2
2 + 2 + 2 =3 =3 3 3 (1)
2 4

2 3
= (2)
4
(1) (2) : 2 + 2 + 2 = 3 3 .

EB A

48. (EB) = (A) =
2 2

(EB) + (A) = (EB + A) =
2
()
= =
2 2
140

()
49. () =
3
A A 62
=
2 3 6
A 6
= 12 = 4
2
= 4.

6
50.
2 3 2 3 2 3
E1 = , E2 = , E3 =
2 2 2
: 2 + 2 = 2, E1 + E2 = E3.
141
1
51. ) () = .
2

.
= 90, = 1 ()

() = = 600 m2.
2

= 90.
1 1
) () = = 35351 = 612,5 m2
2 2
+ = 70 m = = 35 m.
:
.
52. ) () = ( + )2
) , , ,
1

(. ).

= = = = .

: 1 + 1 = 90 2 + 1 = 90 1
3
2
1= 2 1= 1

1 + 2 = 90, 3 = 90.
1

.
) = = = = (. () ).

() = () = () = () =
2
() = 2 = 2 + 2.

) () = 2 + 4 () = ( + )2
2
( + ) = + 2 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 2 + 2 = 2
2 2
142
53. ) () = 900 m2 60
) () = 3600 m2
() 3600 - 900
= 60

4 4
2700
= = 675 m2 30
4

30
z z y x
)
, (), (),
(), (V) IV III II I 30
x, y + , z, z 60
Z
.
= = = V,
:

x30 = y30 + 60 = z60 = 675
675
: z = = 11,25 (1)
60
675
x= = 22, 5 (2)
30
675
y + 2 = = 22,5 (3)
30
2z + + y + x = 60, (1), (2) :
211,25 + + y + 22,5 = 60 + y = 15 (4)
(3) (4) : y = 7,5 = 7,5
, , , V 105 m, 150 m, 135 m,
135 m.
143
54. ) 2 = 2 + 2 = 720.000 m2
848,5 m

) E = 90.000 m2
) ,

// Z = 90.

, , , ,
, , .

+ IK
) i) () =
2
= - = 300 - 150 = 150 m.
300 + 150
() = 150 = 33750 m2
2

ii) = 212,1.
4
+ + + = 300 + 150 + 150 + 212,1
= 812,1 m.

55. x
, x.

x = .
2
, .
144

56. :

, .

,
.

// .

.
57. .
= .
.

58. x
, x2 = 37.
x
x
3 7. xy
x 3 A 7 y

145
3, 7. 10
.
.
146
11:
1. * .
2. *
.
3. *
.
4. *
.
5. * -
.
6. * -
.
7. *
, .
8. *
.
9. *
.
10. *
.

11. *
180 o
-, = 360 o .

12. * -
360 o
= .

13. *
146
.
14. *
.
15. * ,
.
16. *
.
17. *

.
18. *

.
19. *
.
20. * .
21. * ,
.
22. *
.
23. * .
24. * 4 2 = 4R 2 - 2 ,
R
-.
25. *
.
26. * 1 .
147

1. * ,
R 2
R, ,
2
. R 2 2 . R 2 . 2R . 2R2 . R
2. * , R,
R 3,
R R R 3
. R . . . .3R
3 2 2
3. *
R 3
R,
2
R 2 R
. . 2R . R 2 . R .
2 2
4. * , ( )
- R
2 2 R 2
. + 2 = R 2 . 2 + =
2 2 2
2
. 2 + = R2 . 2 + 2 = R 2
4
R2
. 2 + 2 =
4
5. * , ,
. .
. .
.
148
6. * , ,
. .
. . .
7. *
R, 60, ( R)
R
. . R 3 . 2R . R 2 . R
2

8. * -

360 360 180
. 180+ . 180 . 360

180 360
. 360+ .

9. * -,
1 1 1
. . P . P
2 2 2
1 1
. P 2 . P
2 2
10. * 6 R
R 3 R R
. . R 2 . R . .
2 2 3
11. * 4 R
1 1
. R 2 . R . R 2 . R 2 2 . R 2
2 3
12. * 3 R

149
R 3 1 R 3
. . R . R 3 . R .
2 2 3
13. * R

. . .
. .
14. *
:
. . .
. .
15. * S R
2 R R 2 R R R 2
. . . . .
180 180 360 180 360
16. * (0, R)
. 2R B. R2 . 2R . 22R E. 2
17. *
. 30 . 45 . 60 . 90 . 120
18. *
. 30 . 45 . 60 . 90 . 120
19. *
. 30 . 45 . 60 . 108 . 120
20. *
. 30 . 45 . 120 . 144 . 150
150
21. * 108
. . .
. .
22. * R
24
. . .
. . 15
23. * 3 , R

1 R 3 1 R 3
. R 3 . . R . R 3 .
2 3 2 4
24. * 4 R
1 1 1
. R 2 . R 2 . R 2 . R 2 . R 3
2 3 4
25. *
R R 2 R 2 R R 2
A. . . . .
360 360 180 180 360
151
26. *

. .
. .
.
27. * R
R 2
. R B. R2 . 2R . . 2R2
2
28. *
.
.
.
.
.
29. *
. .
B. .
. .
. .
. .
30. * (0, R)
R
,
2
. . .
. .
152
31. * -

. . . .
. . . .
. .
32. * (2)

3 6 0 360 360
. . .
2 +2 2 + 2
180
. . .

33. *

. . .
. .
153

1. * ,
R
R , ...............
2
.
2. * ,
R 3
R , .............
2
.
3. *
R 2
R , ..............
2
.
4. * R
R ................
.
5. * :
() ()

6. * :
153
() ()

6
10
15
72
7. * :
: : : :

- - -
3
4
6
8. * :
()

60
108
135
150
154
9. * :
: : : :

=3 5cm
=4 144cm2
=6 10cm
10. * :
R L
30
20
2 3
152
7

3
11. * :
R S E E
. .
8 16
3
9 9
5
5 60
150 2
12
2 5 300
155
12. * :

10
R
4
3R
4
180
156

1. * ()
().

.
R R
4R2
3R 2 3
4
3 2
R 3
2
2R2
3R 2 3
2. * ()
, ().

.
R R
R
R R 3
2
R 3 R
2
R 2 R 2
2
R
3
157
3. * ()
().

( R)
R 2
2R
60o R
R 3
90o
R 3
2
120o
4. * ()
().

2
2 4
42
3 3 2
2
32
2 2
2
158
5. * ()
, R. () S.
() ().

S=
2 3
S=
= 60 R=1 3
S =2 3

= 30 R= 2
S=
3
= 90 R=2 2
S=
6
= 120 R= 3 2
S=
2
159

1. ** R = 3 cm .
:
) .
) .
2. ** R
16; .
3. **
(0, R) 80 cm.
:
) R .

) .

4. ** (0, R).
( 3), - = 12 cm,
:
) .
) .
5. ** 4 +3 = 96 cm 4 3
(0, R) , :
) R .
) 4 3 .
6. **
.
160
3
7. ** .
4
:
) .
) .
8. ** , R 8 cm
4 3 cm. :
) .
) .
) .
9. **
.
:
) , = 6 cm.
(AB)
) .
(A)
10. ** (0, R)
.

= . :
) =
) (0, R)
.
) ( R).
161
11. ** R

AB =60 o , B =90 o , =120 o .
)
.
) .

) .
12. ** R

.
) 4 4

R.
E
) .
E
13. ** (
).
.
14. ** R = 3 cm
.
:
)
.
)
.
162
15. ** R ,
4
.
3
) ;
) ( R).
16. ** R . :
) ( R).
) .
17. ** . :
) ( ).
) , -
.
18. ** R = 6 cm

. :
) .
) .
19. ** R
. :
) .
) .
20. ** (, R) (, R)
R 2 . :
) .
) .
163
21. ** R 4
.
:
) .
) .
22. ** R -
.

. :
)
R.
)
.
23. ** 2 .
:
) .
) .
24. ** ,

,
.
164
25. ** (0, R)
.
.
:
) .
) -
.
26. **

.
27. **
.
28. ** 3cm.
:
) ) ) .
29. ** 3 = 9 cm
, R. :
) .
)
.
165
30. ** = 6.

= = . ,
.
:
) .
) .
)
(,).
)
.
31. ** =

.
)
.
)
.
)
.
32. ** -
1
(, R) .
4
166
33. ** :
) 3 6

R
(. )
) -
.
34. **

R ( R > ),
4 (OA) 2
.
2
35. ** , .
R
.
36. **
12 3cm 2 . , :
) 4
) 4
) 4
37. **
40 m.
) ;
)
10.000 ./m2;
) ;
167
38. ** 0.50 m.
1 Km;
39. ** 6 m

.
) 0.09 m2,
;
)
3.000 . m2.
;
168

( 11:
)
.

, ,

.
170
1
: -
1
. (O, R) .
R
)
) .
. (O,R) .
(4 , 4
4 )
R 4 4 4
4 225
4 6
4 3
2
=

.
)
.
) N
.
)
.
171
2
: -
1
. (O, R) .
R.
)
)
. (O,R) .
.
(3 , 3 3 ).
R 3 3
3 6
3 5
3 100 3
2
. :
) ( )
) , .
172
-

11:
174
-
1. 10. 19.
2. 11. 20.
3. 12. 21.
4. 13. 22.
5. 14. 23.
6. 15. 24.
7. 16. 25.
8. 17. 26.
9. 18.
1. 10. 18. 26.

2. 11. 19. 27.
3. 12. 20. 28.
4. 13. 21. 29.
5. 14. 22. 30.
6. 15. 23. 31.
7. 16. 24. 32.
8. 17. 25. 33.
9.
175

1. = R 3 =3
2. = R =6
3. = R 2 =4
R 3
4. = =6
2
5. () ()

120 60
90 90
45 135
36 144
18 162
6. () ()

6 60
10 36
15 24
72 5
176
7. : : : :

3 R 3 2
R 3 R 3
2 4
4 R 2 2R2
R 2
2
6 R R 3 3 2
R 3
2 2
8. ()

60

108

135

150
9. : : : :

3 5cm 10 3cm 75 3cm 2
4 6cm 12cm 144cm2
6 5 3cm 10cm 150 3cm 2
177
10. R L

15 30 225
10 20 1002
2 3 4 3 122
15 2 15 152
7 2 7 7
2 1 2
3
3 3 3
11. R
S

8 30 4 16

3 3
9 36 9 8,1
5
5 60 5 25 2

3 6
5 150 5 2

5 6 12
2 5 300 10 50 2
5
3 3
178
12.
10 R
18
45 R
4
135 3R
4
180 R
1. () () 2. () ()
3R 2 3 R R 3
4 2
2R2 R 3 R
2
3 2 R 2
R 3 R 2
2 2
3. () () 4. () ()
60o R 2 42
90o R 2 3 32
2
120o R 3 2 2
179
5. () ()
= 60 R=1
S=
3
2
= 30 R= 2 S=
6
S=
= 90 R=2
= 120 R= 3 2 3
S=
3
180

A
1. ) , :
2 = 2 - 2 (1)
= R, = 2R,
= 30. O
(1) :
2 = (2R)2 - R2 = 4R2 - R2 = 3R2
B H
= R 3 = 3 3 cm
H = 6 3cm .
1 3
) = 3 = 3 = 6 3 3 = 27 3cm 2 .
2 2
2. - :
360 360 360
= , - {1, 2}. = 16 : 16 = = = 22,5.
16
.
3. ) + = 80 cm (1)

x ,

O
:
R
2 = 2 + 2 (2R)2 = x2 + x2
4R2 = 2x2 x2 = 2R2. x = R 2 (2) A B
40
(1) (2) : 2 R 2 = 80 R = R = 20 2 cm
2
) x : x = 20 2 2 = 40 cm
40 2 cm 2 1600 cm 2 2
= = 2
, =
2
(20 2 ) cm 2
800 cm
181
4. ) - = 12 cm (1)
x , :
2R = x 2 x = R 2 (2)
(1) (2) :
2R - R 2 = 12 R (2 - 2 ) = 12
12 12 (2 + 2 ) 12 (2 + 2 )
R= = = R = 6 (2 + 2 ) cm
2- 2 (2 - 2 ) (2 + 2 ) 22 - 2
) E = R2 = [6 (2 + 2 )]2 = 72 (3 + 2 2 ) cm2
5. ) 4 + 3 = 96 cm (1)
4 = R 2 , 3 = R 3 , (1) :
R 2 + R 3 = 96 R ( 3 + 2 ) = 96
96 96 ( 3 - 2 )
R= =
3+ 2 ( 3 + 2) ( 3 - 2)
R = 96 ( 3 - 2 ) cm
R 2 96 ( 3 - 2 ) 2
) 4 = = 4 = 48 ( 6 - 2) cm
2 2
R 96 ( 3 - 2 )
3 = = 3 = 48 ( 3 - 2 ) cm
2 2

6.

.
, ,
= = =

B = = 120.

182

= . , = 120.

= = = = = = = = 120.
.
7.
8 3
, = = .
8 4
) ,
3
= .
' 4
)
9
, = .
' 16
8. )
:

2 = 2 - 2

2 = 82 - (4 3 )2 = 64 - 163 = 16.
= 4 cm = = 8 cm
) , = = 8 cm, R = .

, = 60.
) :
360 360
= = = 6, .
60
183
9. ) = 6 cm

(, R).
= 6 = R = 6 cm.

= 3 = R 3 = 6 3 cm.

) = 6 = 6 cm
R 3 6 3
= 6 = = = 3 3 cm
2 2
= 3 = R 3 = 6 3 cm
R 6
= 3 = = = 3 cm.
2 2
1

6
(AB) 6 () 2
: = = = 2 = ,
(A) 3 (O) 1
3
2
263 3
= =2
6 3 3
10. )
( = )
( = 90

).

= .

) A = E = 45. = 90.
.
A 2R 2R
) () = = = 2R2
2 2
184

11. ) A = 360 - ( AB + B + ) =
360 - 60 - 90 - 120 = 90

A = B = 90.

// (B = 105, = 75) .

.

) AB = 60, AB = 6 = R

B = 90, = 4 = R 2

= 120, = 3 = R 3

A = 90, = 4 = R 2
1
) = ( + ) (1)
2
R 3 R
= 6 = , = 3 =
2 2
R 3 R R ( 3 + 1)
= + = + = (2)
2 2 2
(1) (2) () :
1 R ( 3 + 1) R 2 ( 3 + 1) 2
= (R + R 3 ) =
2 2 4
185
12. ) = 4, = 4 , = = 2 R
( )
2R
= 2R = AB 2 AB =
2
2 2R
= 4 = 4 = R 2
2 2
= 4 = 2R.
2 (R 2 ) 2 2R 2 1
) = = 42 = = =
4 (2R) 2
4R 2
2

13. H
= + =
2R 3
6 + 6 = 26 = =R 3.
2
6 = R = .
= 3 .
14. ) R = 3 cm:
3 3
= 6 = 3 cm, = 6 = cm
2

3
= 3 = cm, = 3 = 3 3 cm
2

1
= 6 =
2
1 3 3 27 3
6 3 = cm 2
2 2 2
27 3 1
) = - E ZB = - 3 =
2 2
27 3 1 3 27 3 27 3 27 3
-3 3 3 = - . = cm2.
2 2 2 2 4 4
186
15. ) H :
4 360
= L = 120. =
3
360
. = ,=3
120
) 3 3 = R 3
R
3 = . :
2
1 R 3R 2 3
=3 R 3 E= cm2
2 2 4

R 3
16. ) = 6 = R OH = 6 =
2
1
= 6 AB =
2
2
1 R 3 3R 3
6 R =
2 2 2
3R 2 3
) E = R2 - = R2 - =
2
2R 2 - 3R 2 3 R2
= (2 - 3 3 )
2 2

17. ) .
2
:
2
2
= = (1)
2 4
) :
E = 2 (2)

(1) (2) :
2 4 2 - 2 2
= 2 - = = (4 - )
4 4 4
187
18. ) 4 ,
4 = R 2 4 = 6 2 cm .
= (6 2 )2 cm2 = 72 cm2.
) H R = 6 cm

= 3 2 cm. :
62 36
= = =2
(3 2 ) 2
18
19. )

. = 120.
:
R 120 2
S = = R
AB 180 3
)
:
R 2 120 o R 2
E .. = =
360 o 3
20. )

R R
R 2
= R = 1
2 2

:
188
2
R 2 2 2 2
= - = R -
2 2 = R2 - 2R = 2R = R
2 2
2 4 4 2

R 2
=
2
.

1 = 45, = 1 + 2 = 90. :
R 2 90 R 2
E = = (1)
AOB 360 4
) = 2 [ E - ] (2)
AOB
R2
= (3)
2
R 2 R2 R2
(1) (3) (2) : = 2 [ - ]= ( - 2)
4 2 2
21. )

.
R 2 90 R 2
E = = (1)
AOB 360 4
2 R2
= = (2)
2 2
(1), (2) :
R 2 R2 R2
= - = ( - 2) (3)
4 2 4
)
(3) :
R2 R2
= R2 - ( - 2) = (3 + 2)
4 4
189
22. ) = , , // .

= //
2

= 2 = 2R.
E AB = 2 = (2R)2 = 4R2
) 2R
. :
2 = 2 + 2 2 = (2R)2 +
(2R)2 2 = 8R2
(, ), (, R) :
E (A, A) A 2 8R 2
= = =8
E (, R) R 2 R 2
23.
2
( = ). .
= = = .

, 1 = 45, = 90.
:
2 = 2 + 2, 1

2 2 2 2 2
= + = 2 (1)
) (, ) = 2 = 2
(1) E (O, O) 2 2
) (, ) = 2 = 22 , : = =2
E (, ) 2
190
24. :
2 2 2
2 = 2 + 2 = +
4 4 4
2 2 2

= +
2 2 2
= +
1 R2
25. ) = = R, = RR =
2 2
) E =
(, ) - [ - ]
()

( = = R, O = 90) :
R2
2 = 2 + 2 (2)2 = R2 + R2 42 = 2R2 2 = (1)
2
R2
2 (1) 2
KB 2 = R
(, ) = = (2)
2 2 4
R 2 90 R 2 R 2 R2
- = - = - (3)
360 2 4 2
():
(2), (3)
E = (, ) - [ - ] =
R 2 R 2 R2 R2
-( - )=
4 4 2 2
191

26.
:
360
= = 72
5

:

+ = 180 = 180 - 72 = 108
= A (), :

ABE = AEB , 2 ABE + A = 180 2 ABE = 180 - 108

2 ABE = 72 ABE = 36

EB = AB - ABE EB = 108 - 36 EB = 72.

ABE 36
B = B + EB = + EB = + 72 = 18 + 72 = 90
2 2
.

27. (26), : EB = 72 B = 108,

EB + B = 72 + 108 = 180. // ,
, .
192

x
28. : = 3 cm, = x, = .
2

OHB : 2 = 2 + 2

2 x4
2 3x 2
x = 3 + = 9 x2 = 12
4 4
x = 2 3 cm. :

6 = = 3 cm, = 2 = x = 2 3 .
) 6 = 2 3 cm
) 6 = 3 cm
6 6 2 3 3
) = 6 = 6 =6 = 18 3 cm2
2 2
29. 3 = 9 cm. 3 = R 3 , R 3 = 9 R = 3 3 cm
) L = 2R = 23 3 = 6 3 cm
32 3
) E = R2 - E. = (3 3 )2 - =
4
92 3 81 3 9 3
27 - = (27 - ) cm2 = 9 (3 - ) cm2.
4 4 4
2 2
AB 6 2 2
30. ) = = (3) = 9 , = 6
2 2
AB 6
) = = = = = 2.
3 3
2 2
A 2 2
= =
2 2
3 2 1
) () () : 2
=
9 3
) = (, ) - 3 = 92 - 32 = 6 2
193
31. ) ( = )

B = 60 o , .
.
(OB) 2 60
) : = =
360
2

2 2
= =
6 24
) :

2

3
2 2 2 2 2 3
= 2 - =2 - =2 - =
24 16
24 24 4

2 3 2 2
= - = - 3
12 8 4 3 2
2 2
E / R /2 1
32. : = 3 = =
E /
3 R 4

33. ) = 90
3 , 6 , 3 6
R
R 3
3 AB R2 3
) = = 2 =
2 2 4
R 3
R
6 B 2 R2 3
= = = ,
2 2 4
: =
194
34. E . = R 2 - 2 = (R 2 - 2 ) = 2
A 2
= = , :
2
2
2 4 2
E . = A = =
2
35. R
= 2R. :
K
(2R) 2 3
= = R2 3 R
4

R
3R 3 2
3 3 2 = 3R 3
36. . = 12 3 cm2, . = 3 =
2 2 4
3R 2 3
: = 12 3 R2 = 16 R = 4 cm
4
) 4 = 2 R 4 = 2 4 4 = 4 2 cm
2 2
) 4 = R 4 = 4 4 = 2 2 cm
2 2
) 4 = 24 4 = (4 2 )2 4 = 32 cm2
37. ) = 240 = 80 m
) = 80210.000 = 64.000.000 .
) = 802 - 402 = 6400 - 1600 = 1600 (4 - ) m2
195

38. = 0,5 m, L = 2 = 0,5 m
2
1000
, L = 1.000 m =
L
1000 2000
= = .
0,5
39. ) R = 6 m 4 = R 2
4 = 6 2 , 4 = (6 2 )2 = 72 m2. 72:0,09
= 800 .
) , :
= R2 - 24 = 62 - (6 2 )2 3,1436 - 72 41,04 m2
41,04 3.000 = 123.120 .
196
12:
1. *
.
2. * .
3. *
.
4. * .
5. * .
6. * .
7. *
.
8. *
.
9. *
.
10. *
.
11. *
,
.
12. *
3 cm 5 cm
.
197

13. * p // q // r ,

:
A

i) = p

ii) =

B E
iii) =

q
14. * .
15. *
.
16. * = 4 cm
4 cm.
17. * 5 cm
3 cm.
18. *

.
198
19. *
i)
. B
ii)
.
iii)
. A B
iv)
.
p
v) =

BAB = 30
20. * p
p .
21. *
.
22. * .
199

23. *
i) q , q p1 = 1,
q p2 = 2,

1 2

2
q

. 1
2
ii)

.
24. *
,
.
25. *

.
26. * ,
.
27. * .
28. *
.
200

1. *
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
2. *
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
3. *
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .

4. *
i)
. 2. . 3. . 4.
. 5. . 6.
3 5
ii)
. 5. . 10 . . 15 . 10

. 100 . . 125 .
p
201
1 2
5. * p // q // r = 5 cm,
= 3 cm, = 10 cm. cm
. 3.
. 4. A
. 5. p
. 6.
. 7. B E
6. * = 6 cm = 15 cm,
= 4, cm
. 2. . 4. . 6. . 8. . 10.
B
7. *

p cm cm
5 3 cm
. 2. . 5. . 3.
A
. 4. . 5.
202
B
8. *
AB
BB =
2

. 30. . 45. . 60. B
. 75. . 90.
p
9. *

. 30. . 45. . 60. . 75. . 90.
10. *
. .
. 30 .
. 45 .
. 60 .
. 90 .
11. *

. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
12. *
. = . . < . .
. > .
203
13. *
. 90 < 180.
. 180 270.
. 270 360.
. 0 90.
. .
14. * p

.
.
.
. p
. p
204

1. *
.

B
AB
) =
1. 2
30
A B
AB
) =
B 2
) =
2. 45
A B
BB
) =
B 2
) =
3. 60
A B
1 2 3
205

1. * :
i) ....................................... .
ii) .......................................
.
iii) .......................................,
.
iv) .......................................
.
v) , .................................
.
2. * :
i) ....................................... .
ii) ....................................... .
iii) .......................................
.
iv) ....................................... .
v) ....................................... .
3. * .......................... .
206
4. *
.

p
p.
.
p

p
p.
.

p
p.
.
p
207
5. *
.
p .......................,

p ,
.......................

,

......................., ...............

p
208
6. * p // q // r
.

1 2
AB
=
B
A
A
p =
B
B E
A
q =

209
7. *
.

1 2
A
=
p
15 10
=
B E
q
A
=
4
r
210
8. * .

B
= =

A B
= 30 =
30
A B
=
=
2

A B
211
9. *
.
p q

,

.......................

p q,
p AB q,

.......................
212
q p w p
q, p ,
.......................
q w
q p w p
q, w
,
q
w .......................
213

1. ** p ,
, .
, p.
2. **
p
.
3. ** 1 2 1.
:
) 2 .
) 1 .
4. ** (1, R1) (2, R2) .

12 ( 1, 2).
.
5. ** 1 2 ,
1 2.
) (, 2) (, 1) p q.
) p q .
6. ** p 1 2. q, t
p 1 2 . q, t
3 3:
) 1 2.
) p.
214
7. ** ( // ) ,
p . (, , )
(, , ) p,
.
8. **
,
.
9. ** p p
. p
( > ).
10. ** (, R)
= R 2 .
= R 6 . :
) .
) .
11. ** p p
. , , ,

= = :

) .
) .
) (, , )

12. ** ( A = 90)
.
= = .
215
13. ** p
p. p = 8 cm
() 3
= 10 cm. = .
() 5

14. ** xAy = 60
p y
= 6 cm

p.
y
= 10 cm

x:
) . A

) . p
x
15. *** ,
2 - 2 = 2, ,
.
16. ** 1 2.
.
17. ** ,
1 2 .
18. ** , q
1 2 1 2.
216
19. *** (1) (2)
.
:
) .
) (, , ).
) (, , ).
(1) , , ,
.
(2) .
20. ** p, 1 p
. (1) 2 p
1.
(1) ,
,
, .
21. ** ,
, . :
) (, , ).
) (, , )
.
22. ** .
,
. :
) .
) .
217
1 2
23. ** p // q // r = 6,5 cm,
= 4 cm, = 10 cm.
:
) A
) . p
24. ** p . ,
P ,
, p

) , .
) , .
25. **
= 5 cm, BB = 8 cm, = 9 cm, = 6 cm
// BB // // , :
) (, ) // (, ).
) (, ) // (, ).
218

26. ** x O y, x O y
p q
. :
) p // q.

) x O y = x O y.
27. ** p q.
Kx, Ky, Kz p q
, , , , .
.
28. ** 1 2 p
) .
) ();
29. ** p q.
p q .
30. **
p .
31. ** p.
p
p.
32. ** p, 26 cm
38 cm . p
= 16 cm, .
219

33. **

.
34. **
.
35. ** 1, 2 ,
.
36. ** p
q p q.
220

( 12:
)
.

, ,

.
222
1
:
1
.
.
p .......................,

p ,
.......................

,

......................., ...............

p
. (, R)
= R 2 .
= R 6 . :
) .
) .
223
2

xAy = 60 p
y
= 6 cm (
)
p.
y
= 10

cm x
) . A

) . p
x
224
2
:
.
i) .................................. .
ii)

. = .
. < .
. .
. > .
. .

. 90 < 180.
. 180 270.
. 270 360.
. 0 90.
. .
p

. .
. .
. .
. p.
. p.
.
225

. .
. 30 .
. 45 .
. 60 .
. 90 .
B

p
cm 5
cm
3 cm
. 2. . 5. . 3.
. 4. . 5. A
B

AB
BB =
2

. 30. . 45. . 60. B
. 75. . 90.

. 30. . 45. . 60. . 75. . 90.
2
p
p. p = 8 cm
() 3
= 10 cm. = .
() 5
226
-

12:
228
-
1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. , 6. , 7. , 8. , 9. , 10. , 11. ,
12. , 13. i) - ii) - iii) , 14. , 15. , 16. , 17. , 18. ,
19. i) - ii) - iii) - iv) - v) , 20. , 21. , 22. , 23. i) - ii) , 24. ,
25. , 26. , 27. , 28. .
1. , 2. , 3. , 4. i) - ii) , 5. , 6. , 7. , 8. , 9. , 10. , 11. ,

12. , 13. , 14. .
1
2
3
1. i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
2. i)
ii)
229
iii)
iv)
v)
3.
4.

p. p
.
p. p
.
p
p.
.
230
5.
p .
p , .
, , p.
6.
AB
=
B
A Z
=
B
A E
=

231
7.
= 6
= 21
A 15
=
21
8.

= 45 =
= 30
=
2
= 60
=
2
232
9.
p q , q p.
p q, p AB q, p.
q p w p p q 0, q // w.
q p w p q w = , p.
233

1.
p,
p.
.

p, B
p
p.

2.
B
p
p.
p
.

p
p
.
1
3. ) 1 2

2 .
(, 1) p.
) p 1 = {}

, 1 2
p
p.
, 1, 2 .
234
4. 12
,
p.
(1, R1) p,

, , 1. 1

2
(2, R2) p
2, , p
. (1, R1)
(2, R2)
p.
5. ) 2
(, 2) p.
(, 1) q.
) ,
1 2 .
2 B
p q, p
, .
q
6. ) 3 1 t
3
, O
2. 2
1 2
1
q
. ,
3 // 1. 3 // 2. p
) 3 p ,
1. , 3 // 2 (. () ).
235

7. (, , )
(, , )
.
(, , ) (, ,
) p

.
p A
, .
-
p.
(, , ) (, , ).
(, , ) (, , ) .

8. ,

= = .
, , ( )

= =
, , .

236

9. = .
=
2 - 2 .

(, 2 - 2 ).

:
p
2 2
(, - ).
= 2 - 2 = .
.
(, 2 - 2 ) p.

10. )

2 = 2 + 2
2 = R2 + 6R2 = 7R2
A = R 7
) p
R
.
p

2 = 2 + 2 2 = 2R2 + 7R2 = 9R2 = 3R
237

11. ) = K

// .
E E
) , = ,
B
// .
) p
.
, //
p
// ,
(, , ).

12. ,

(, , )
= = .

(, , )

, , = =

, , . p
238

13. p .
,
,
. ,

.

2 2 2 p
= -
2 = 100 - 64 = 36 cm2
= 6 cm.
1

() 2 6 cm 3
= = =
() 1 10 cm 5

2
14. ) x. p,

, x
y
.

) = 60 = 30
60
x
6 p
= = =3
2 2
cm 2 = 2 - 2 = 36 -9 = 27.
2 = 2 + 2 = 27 + 100 = 127
= 127 cm 11,26 cm.
239
15. . p
O

2 - 2 = 2 .
2 - 2 = 2 = 2
M
2
= . , -
2
, p
.
2
: p =
2
2 - 2 = 2 2 - 2 =2
.
p.
1
16. 1 2
1. (, 2)

x // 2. (1, Ax) x
1 2,
2 // x. q, 2
1
2 x, q x // 2.
q (1, Ax)
1 2. 2
1.
240
1
17.
1, 2. 2
1
2 1 // 1 2 //
1
2. 1 , 2

2
( 1 , 2 )
1 p
2, 1 // 1 2 // 2 .

( 1 , 2 )
1, 2, 1 , 2
( 1 , 2 ).
18. (, 1 ) y
Ax // 1

x
(, 2) y // 2.
p
p x, Ay
1, 2
1 // x 2 // y. 2

1
p
q
1 2. p
x, y.
.. x p x p
1 1
x, Ax.
241
, x, Ay p
p p
1 2.

19. )

=2

= 2.

= // .

) // (, , ) (, , )
(, , ).
// (, , ).
) (), // (, , ).
1
20. 1
2
p. To (1, )

p
p x.

(1, ) 2 // x x B
1 ,
x
p
1.
2
1 p 2 // Bx. 2 // x
,
x.
242

21. )

(, , )
( )

, E
(, , ).
)

. //
( ,
H Z
) // (, , ),

(, , ).
,
(, , ) .
22. ) ,

// = ,
// = // = .
.
)
( ,

()).
243
1 2
23.
= -

= 6,5 - 4 = 2,5 cm. A
10
= = = =4
2,5
q
=4 =4

= 6,5 cm = 4 cm. r

) = 4 = 26 cm.
6,5

) = 4 = 16 cm.
4
244
24.
.

// . // . K

)
, ,
,

p

p. ,
p.

)
,
,

p. ,
p.

25. ) (, ) // (, )
, (,
) ,
(, ).
) (, ) // (, ).
245

26. ) xOy , xOy B y
A
O
x
p, q p
p // q (p

q ).
) ,

xOy // // .
,
x
B
y
O
( q
// = ),
( // = ) ( // = ).

O = O = xOy.
27. Kx, Ky

(x, K, y). //
p
p q
(x, K, y).
// // .

, . Z
q E
x Z
y
246
28. )
1 (n1)

2
1
n1 n2 p. q n2
q r ,
2 r

n1, 1 n2, 2.
p
1 2
1

2
1 2 p.
p
n1 // n2 1 // 2

q // r. p
1 // 2 .
) 1 // 2 q p,
. 1, 2
p, .
247

29. 1
p. p
q.
1 2
p q. 1 2

= (

, (, , 2)). 2
30. , ,
, ,
p.

p. //
//

248

31.
.
,

,
p.

p.

,
p
:
AM M
= .

= . = , .
32. = 26 cm BB = 36 cm

// = ,
= = - =
38 - 26 = 12 cm.

2 = 2 + 2 =
162 + 122 = 256 + 144 = 400
AB = 20 cm.
p
249

33. .
( , )

()
.
.

34. x
. Ax
.

. (, x)

x. B A
x p
x

p
.
p

p.

p ( ).
250
35. AB 1
1, 2.
(, 2) 1, 1
1 2. 2
(, 1) 2. A B
.. 2

p
1, 1

2.
36. q p
x // , x q
// q. p
x // x p. q p
q x
p.
251
13:
1. * p,

p
p
.

.

() ().
)
, .
)
.
) p .
2. *

.
3. *
, .
4. * ,
.
5. * .
6. * .
7. *

.
251
8. * .
9. *
.
10. *

.
11. * .
12. * .
13. *
.
14. *
.
15. * .

16. *
.
17. *
1/2.
18. *
.
19. *
.
20. *
.
21. *
.
22. *
.
23. *
.
24. * V .
252
25. * .
26. * 1/2.
27. *
.
28. *
.
29. * .
30. *
.
31. * .
32. *
.
33. *
.
34. *
.
35. * .
36. *
.
37. * V
.
38. *
,
.
39. * ,
.
40. * .
41. *
.
42. * ,
253

(
).
43. *
R R.
44. * V R
R2.
45. * R
,
.
46. * ,
.
47. *
V .
48. * R
.
49. * R

.
50. *
.
51. * V
R .
52. *
R
.
53. * R ,
.
54. * R ,
V .
254
55. * V
R .

56. * ( A = B = 90)

,
,

.
57. *
.
58. *
.
59. * (, R)
.
, () ()
.
.

. <R
-
. =R

. >R
60. * To
R.
61. * R ,
.
62. * ,
.
63. * .
255
256

1. *
. . . .
. . . . . .
2. *
. 4. . 6. . 8. . 10. . 12.
3. *
. 4. . 6. . 8. . 10. . 12.
4. *
. . . .
. . . .
. .
5. *
2 cm, 3 cm 6 cm,
cm 6 cm

. 3. . 5. . 6.
. 7. . 7,5.
m
2c
3 cm
6. *
2
. 2 . . . . 2 2 . . 3 . . 3 3 .
2
256
7. * 96 cm2
cm
. 4. . 6. . 8. . 10. . 12.
8. * 16 m2
4 m m3
. 4. . 20. . 40. . 48. . 64.
9. * 4 m
3 m 10 m,
m3
. 30. . 40. . 50. . 60. . 70.
10. * ( =
, = = )
E
. + . . . . + 2. . + . . 2 + .
2
11. *
. 2. . 6. . 4. . 42. . 62.
12. *
. 6. . 4. . 62. . 42. . 2.
13. *
,
. + + . . 2 ( + ). . 2 ( + + ).
. 2 + 2 + . . + 2 + 2.
257
14. *
R.
. 6R. . 6R. . 2R. . 6R2 + . . 6R2 + 2.
15. * R
R.

R2 3 3R 2 3 3R 2
. . . . . 3 R 2 3 . . R 2 3 . . .
4 2 4
16. *
. . . .
. . . .
17. *

. . . . . .
. . . .
18. * h

+h h h
. + h. . . . 2h. . . . .
2 2 3
19. *
12 cm2 3 cm, cm

. 4. . 6. . 8. . 10. . 12.
258
20. *
24 cm2 4 cm cm
. 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 8.
21. * V

2 2 2 2 2
. 2. . . . . . . . .
3 3 3 2
22. V
. . . .
. . . .
. .
23. * V ,
( B + + ) ( + + ) ( + + )
. . . . . .
3 3 3
( + + ) 2 ( + + )
. . . .
3 3

24. *
= 6 cm 10 cm2.

2
5 cm .

() cm

. 3 2 . . 2. . 3.
. 5. . 6.
259
25. * R

R R 2R
. R. . . . . . 2R. . .
2 4 3
26. * V R
R 2 R 2
. . . . . R 2 . . 2R 2 . . R 2 .
2 3
27. * R

. . . .
. . . .
. .
28. * R
V
. . . .
. . . . . .
29. * 2 cm
24 cm2, cm
2 4 6 24
. . . . . . . 6. . .

30. * 4 cm V 64 cm3
R cm
4 4 4
. 4. . . . . . 4 . . .
2
260
31. * R ,
V
. . . .
. . . . . .
32. * R
V
. . . .
. . . . . .
33. * R

. . . . . .
. . . .
34. * R

. . . . . .
. . . .
35. * R
h
Rh Rh
. 4Rh. . . . Rh. . 2Rh. . .
2 4
36. * R
h
. R (h + 2R). . R (h + R). . 2R (h + R).
R (h + R) R (h + R)
. . . .
2 4
261
37. * V R
1 R 2
. R2. . R2. . . . 2R2. . R2.
2 3
38. * R V
. . . .
. . . . . .
39. * R
h,

. . . . . .
. . . .
40. *
R, h
. (R + ) h. . 2 (R + ) h. . 3 (R + ) h.
(R + ) h
. . . 2 (R + ) h.
2
41. * R
R 2
. 2R2. . 4R2. . 42R. . R2. . .
4
42. * 16 m2. H R m
2 2 2
. 2 . . . . . . . . 2.

43. * V R
1 3 2 3 4R 3 3 3
. R . . R . . R3. . . . R .
3 3 3 4
262
44. * R ,
. . . .
. . . . . .
45. * ;
. .
. .
.
46. * , K ,
,
. - = + 2. . + = - 2. . + = + 2.
. - = 2 - . . - = - 2.
47. * 7 11
. 4. . 6. . 8. . 10. . 12.
263

1. * ,
....................................... .
2. * ...............................
.......................................................... .
3. * ,
............................ .
4. * ,
, , .
, , .

V

264
5. * R
. .

V

R 3
4R 2
6. *
4 cm.
, .

30

2 2

60
265
7. * , , ,
,
.

266
8. * ,
.

V

2R
2R
267
9. * , , ,
.

R V
5 0,2
0,8 6,28

0,6 6,2
R 30 1500
10. * R ,
, , ,
.

R
3
5
25
268

1. ** ( A = 90)
= 3 cm, = 5 cm, 7 cm.
:
) .
) .
) V.
2. **
= 6 cm = 8 cm. 7 cm,
:
) .
) .
) .
) V .
3. **

22 ( ). :
) .
) .
4. **
2 3 cm

. :
) .
) .
) .
269

5. **

45 . :
)

) . 45

6. **

. V 3200 cm3, :
) .
)
7. ** 2,5 m
V . 4,5 m
6,5 m
3m
8. ** 72 m3 .

2/3 , ,
.
270
9. ** .
2 m.
0,5 3 m
0,01 m. :
) .
) .
10. ** 108 m2,

5 m 13 m.
, .
11. **
3, 4, 5 21.150 cm2.
:
) , .
) V.
12. **
27 cm
454 cm2. N .
13. **

2,5 3 cm
13 cm. :
) . 13 cm
) .
) .

271
14. ** 10 m.
1 m2 150 .
15. ** 108.000 .
500 . m2. :
) .
) .
16. ** 5 6.
:
) .
) .
) .
17. **
5/6
.
384 cm2, :
) .
) .

18. **
2 = 122.
.
19. ** 0,4 m
0,7 m. :
) .
) .
272
20. ** 8 cm
50 cm. :
) .
) .
) .
21. ** 0,8 m
1,5 m. :
) .
) .
22. ** 2 m
10 m. :
) .
) .
) V.
23. ** 6 cm
80 cm3. .
24. ** ,
60.

.

25. ** 4
cm.
273
26. ** 80 cm
60 cm 1 m.
:
) .
) .

27. **

1,2 m 0,95 m
1,5 m.
:

) .
) .

28. **

70 cm 60 cm

65
cm. V
.

29. ** ( )
3,2 m 0,2 m 2 m.
1
V = (B + ) .
2
;
274
30. ** 233 m
146 m.
) .
)
.

.
) m3 2 t,
;
31. **

3 m2.

.
1 1 1
32. ** R + = .
R 2
.
275
R
33. ** = 20 cm
10 cm. :
)
.
) .
34. ** , R1
2 cm 5 cm, R2
, 5 cm 1,5 cm.
7,4 gr/cm3
:
) .
)
.
35. **

.
30 mm 60 mm
28 mm
7,86 gr/cm3 :
) .
) .
276
36. ** ,

25 m
12 cm (
).

.

,
5%
.
37. ** 1 m
9,42 m2. :
) .
) .
) .
) .
38. ** 9 3 m2.
V ,
.
39. ** 6 m
60. :
) .
) V
40. ** 8 m2
2 m. N .
277
41. ** 565 dm2
18 dm. :
) .
) .
) .
42. ** R
.

, RR = 2R

V
, = .
V
43. **
= 2, =
, ,
.

A
,
.

44. ** ,
R
(, R)
.
12 cm 100 cm3,
R .
278
45. ** 20 cm, = 5 cm = 9 cm.
:
)
.
)
.
46. ** 10 cm

8 cm
12 cm.

) .
)

.
47. **
3:1.
48. ** .
.
49. ** 7,85 m2.

.
50. ** 2 m.
.
51.
.
279

52. ** = 4 cm,
1
= 6 cm = 60

. :
)
.
) .
280
281

( 13: )
.

, ,

.
282
1
:
. R .
) .
) .
) .
.
) R

. . . .
. . . .
. .
) 2 cm
24 cm2 cm
2 4 6 24
. . . . . . . 6. . .

) R

. . . .
. . . .
. .
) R

. . . .
. . . .
. .
283
2

, 4 cm,
6 cm 5 cm.
x

.
x 6 cm
4 cm
284
2
:
1
. )
, , .
)
.
)
= = .
.
)
. 2. . 6. . 4. . 42. . 62.
)
. 6. . 4. . 62. . 42. . 2.
)
,
. + + . . 2 ( + ).
. 2 ( + + ). . 2 + 2 + .
. + 2 + 2.
) 2 cm, 3 cm
6 cm, cm
. 3. . 5. . 6. . 7. . 7,5.
)
2
. 2 . . . . 2 2 . . 3 . . 3 3 .
2
) 96 cm2
cm
. 4. . 6. . 8. . 10. . 12.
285
2
:
) 2 mm
. 6 mm 3 mm
) V.
286
-

13:
288
-
1. ) - ) - ) , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. , 6. , 7. , 8. , 9. ,
10. , 11. , 12. , 13. , 14. , 15. , 16. , 17. , 18. , 19. ,
20. , 21. , 22. , 23. , 24. , 25. , 26. , 27. , 28. , 29. ,
30. , 31. , 32. , 33. , 34. , 35. , 36. , 37. , 38. , 39. ,
40. , 41. , 42. , 43. , 44. , 45. , 46. , 47. , 48. , 49. ,
50. , 51. , 52. , 53. , 54. , 55. , 56. , 57. , 58.
59.
>R

<R
60. , 61. , 62. , 63. .
1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. , 6. , 7. , 8. , 9. , 10. ,
11. , 12. , 13. , 14. , 15. , 16. , 17. , 18. , 19. , 20. ,
21. , 22. , 23. , 24. , 25. , 26. , 27. , 28. , 29. , 30. ,
31. , 32. , 33. , 34. , 35. , 36. , 37. , 38. , 39. , 40. ,
41. , 42. , 43. , 44. , 45. , 46. , 47. .
289
1.
2.
3.
4.

V

3 42 62 3
-
2 + 2 + 2 2 ( + ) 2 ( + + )

5.

V

3 R 3
3R 2 3
R 3 3 R 3 3R 2
3
+ 4
2
4R 2
R 2 4R 2 2
2R2
+ 4R
6R + 3R 2 3
R 6R
3R2 3 2
6.

290

30 2

45 2 2
60
2 3

291
7.

h
3
4 2 - 2 +
1 1 3 4
9 2 - 3 2 4 2 - 2 4 2 - 2
3 2 4 2 3
4
1 1
4 2 - 2 2 4 2 - 2 2 4 2 - 2 2 4 2 - 2 2 + 2
2 2
3
4 2 - 2
1 3 2
2 - 2 4 2 - 2 2 4 2 - 2 2
2 2 3 2 3
+
2
292
8.

V

2R 2R (R + ) R2
R
2 4R 2R (R + 2) 2R2

4R 4R (2R + ) 4R2
2R
2 8R 8R (R + ) 8R2
2R
293
9.

R V
5 0,2 2 0,2
3,9 12,2
0,8 6,28

5,16
0,6 6,2 1,857

R
5 2
30 300 2 1500

10.

R
3 6 36
2,5 5 25
1,25 2,5 25
294

1. ) 2 = 52 - 32 = 25 - 9 = 16 cm2
= 4 cm
. = 3 + 4 + 5 = 12 cm
E = 12 cm 7 cm = 84 cm2
3 cm 4 cm
) E = = 6 cm2
2 7
3
= 2 + = 96 cm2
) V = 6 7 = 42 cm3
5

2. ) = 4 cm
AO = 3 cm

= 5 cm

) . = 4 5 = 20 cm
E = 20 7 = 140 cm2
8 cm 6 cm
) E = = 24 cm2
2
E = 2 + = 188 cm2
) V = 24 cm2 7 cm = 168 cm3
3. ) x . x2.
2x. 4x.

2x. = 4x 2x = 8x2 8x2 = 22 x =
2
2
3
) V = E = 2 =
2 2 4
295
4. ) =
3
= 2 3 cm O =
2
3
2 3 = = 4 cm
2

2
3 6 16 3
) E = 6 E = = 24 3 cm2
4 4
) = 3 = 12 cm, = 6 = 6412 = 288 cm2
E = + 2 = 48 (6 + 3 ) cm2

5. ) To . = 45
3
, . = = .
2
2 3 3 3 3
V = E = = .
4 2 8
45
6
) = 2 =
2

2
1 6
() = =
2 4
6. ) , , .
= 2
= 3 (1)
= 3200
2 =2 + 2 + 2
(1)
= 10 cm, = 12,6 cm, = 25,2 cm
) E = 2 ( + + ) = 2 (25,2 12,6 + 12,6 10 + 10 25,2) =
2 (317,52 + 126 + 252) = 2 695,52 = 1391 cm2
296
7.

3 m 2,5 m
2,5 m
3 m
4,5 - 2,5 = 2 m 4,5 m
1
= 3 2,5 + 32=
2 6,5 m
3m
7,5 + 3 = 10,5 m2.
V V = E = 10,5 6,5 = 68,25 m3.
8. , .
4
2 .
3
4 8 3 8 3
2 = . = 72 83 = 216 3 = 27 = 3 m.
3 3 3
= 6 m = 4 m.
3 2 3
9. ) . . = .
2
0,5 3 m V = (0,5)3 ( 3 )3m3. O

3 2 3
0,01 m.
2
3 2 3
0,01 = (0,5)3 ( 3 )3 2 = 25 = 5 m.
2
3 25 3
) 2 = 75 3 m3
2
10. + + = 13, 2 ( + + ) = 108, 2 + 2 =25

= 3 cm, = 4 cm, = 6 cm
297

11. = = = , 2 + 2 + 2 = 21.150
3 4 5
= 3, = 4, = 5
2 3 4 + 2 4 5 + 2 5 3 = 21.150
= 15. = - 15 .
= 15 = 45 cm, = 60 cm, = 75 cm.
) V = V = 45 60 75 = 202.500 cm3.
12.
: = x - =x =x
+
+ + = 27 cm x - + x + x + = 27 3x = 27 x = 9
= 9 - , = 9, = 9 +
454 cm2
= 2 ( + + ) = 2 [9 (9 - ) + (9 - ) (9 + ) +9 (9 + )] = 454
92 - 9 +92 -2 +92 +9 =227 2 = 16 = 4 cm
i) = 4 = 5 cm, = 9 cm, = 13 cm
ii) = - 4 = 13 cm, = 9 cm, = 5 cm

V = =5 9 13 =585 cm3

13. )
3 3
= 2,5 3 = = 5 cm,
2 2
= 5 cm

= 2 - 2 = 13 2 - 5 2 = 144
13 cm
= 12 cm

) = 3 =3 5 12 =180 cm2
52 3
) = + 2 = 180 + 2 = 201,4 cm2
4
298
14. 5 = 52. = 3 2
100
= 32 102 =32 2 = =33,33 m2
3
E = 5 33,33 = 166,65 m2. 166,65 150 = 24.998 .
108.000
15. = = 216 m2
500
) = 62 216 = 62 2 = 36 = 6 m
) V = 3 = 63 m3 = 216 m3
K
16. )
.
5 3
5 =
2

:

2 2 2 5 3 2 219 2
2 H
= + = (6) + ( ) =
2 4

219
=
2
3(5) 2 3 75 2 3
= =
2 2
5 6 219 15 2 219
) = =
2 2 2
75 2 3 15 2 219 15 2
) = + = (5 3 + 219 )
2 2 2
299
K
17. ) =
5
=
6
.
4 5 8 2
= + = + 2 =
2 6 3
8 2
384 = , 2 = 144,
3

= 12 cm
5
) OE = = 6 cm KE = = 10 cm
2 6
2 = 2 - 2 = 102 - 62 = 64 = 8 cm
K
3
18. = = = .
12 2 3 6

, =
2
2 2 2
2 = + =
12 4 3

3 KO 1
= = 2. = .
3 2

KO 1
= = . = 30.
2

.
300
K
h
19. ) =
2
. = 4 0,4 = 1,6 m

2 = 2 - 2 = 0,72 - 0,22
2 = 0,49 - 0,04 = 0,45
= 0,67 m

2
1,6 m 0,67 m 1,072 m
= = = 0,536 m2
2 2
) = + = 0,16 + 0,536 = 0,696 m2
K
h
20. ) =
2
3 8 3
= = = 4 3 cm
2 2

: h
2 2 2 2
h = O + OM = 50 + 48 =
= 2500 + 48 = 2548 cm2
h = 50,47 cm
8 6 50,47
= = 1211,28 cm2
2

38 2 3
) = + = + 1211,28 = 166,27 + 1211,28 = 1377,55 cm2
2
166,27 50
) V = = 2771,2 cm3
3
301
K
0,8
21. ) OB =
2
:
0,8 2
O2 = B2 - OB2 = 1,52 - =
2
0,64
= 2,25 - = 2,25 - 0,32 = 1,93 m2,
2
KO = 1,38 m
E 2
0,8 1,38 0,64 1,38 0,8832
) V = = = = = 0,294 m3
3 3 3 3
K
22. ) :
2 = 2 + OB2 = 102 + 22 =
= 100 + 4 = 104 m2,
KB = 10,19 m
) :
2 = 2 - B2 = 104 - 12 = 103 m2
K = 10,148 m

h 6 2 10,148
= = = 60,88 m2
2 2

3 2 3
) = V =
2 3
3 2 2 3 10
V = = 34,64 m3
23
.
23. V =
3
62 3 36 3
. = = = 9 3 cm2
4 4
9 3 240 240 3 80 3
80 = 240 = 9 3 = = = = 15,4 cm
3 9 3 27 9
302

24. , , ,

A M = 60. ,
(, , )

= 30, =

2

2 3 3 3 3
= 2 - = = =
4 2 2 2 4
3 3 3 3
= 60 = = = .
2 2 2 4
25. 4
42 3
4 cm .
4
42 3
= 4 = 16 3 cm2 = 27,71 cm2
4
( + ) h (4 80 + 4 60) 100
26. ) = = = 28.000 cm2
2 2
) = + + = 28.000 + 6.400 + 3.600 = 38.000 cm2

( + )
27. ) =
2

= 1,2 3 = 3,6 m
= 0,95 3 = 2,85 m

.

303

= = 0,95 m = .
2 = - = 1,2 - 0,95 = 0,25, = 0,125 m.
:
2 = 2 - 2 = 1,52 - 0,1252 = 2,25 - 0,015625 = 2,234 m2
=1,49 m
=
(3,6 + 2,85) 1,49 =
6,45 1,49
=
9,6105
= 4,8 m2
2 2 2
1,2 2 3 0,95 2 3
) = + + 4,8 = 0,62 + 0,39 + 4,8 = 5,81 m2
4 4
304

1
28. ) V = ( + + )
3
= 702 = 4.900 cm2

= 602 = 3.600 cm2
= 70 2 60 2 = 70 60 = 4.200 cm2

.
= -
70 2 60 2
= - = 5 2 cm
2 2

:
2 = 2 - 2 = 4225 - (5 2 )2 = 4225 - 50 = 4175 cm2
= = 64,61 cm
1 1
V= 64,61 (4900 + 3600 + 4200) = 64,6112.700 = 273.515,6 cm3
3 3
305
29.
1 1
= ( + ) - ( + + ) = [3 ( + ) - 2 ( + + )] =
2 3 6

( - 2 + ) = ( - )2 > 0. > 0.
6 6

2 2 2
( - )2 = ( 3,2 2 - 0,2 2 )2 = (3,2 - 0,2)2 = 32 = 3 m3.
6 6 6 6
3 m3 .
1 1
30. ) V = E = 2332 146 2.642.065 m3
3 3
) 1000 - 1 = 999
, 0,999 2.642.065 2.639.423 m3
) 2 2.639.423 = 5.278.846 t
31. R

,

= 3 = 33 = 3R 3 .
1
3 = 3R 3 , R = .
3

2
= 2R = .
3
1 1 1 +R 1
32. + = = R = 2 ( + R)
R 2 R 2
V = R2, .
= 2R ( + R), .
V R 2 2R ( + R)
= = =1
E 2R ( + R) 2R ( + R)
306
33. ) = + 2
R
= 2R
10
R= = = 5 cm
2 2
= 2 3,14 5 20 = 628 cm2
= R2 = 3,14 52 = 78,5 cm2

= 628 + 2 78,5 = 628 + 157 = 785 cm2
) V = R2 = 3,14 52 20 = 3,14 25 20 = 1570 cm3
34. ) R1 = 2 cm 1 = 5 cm R1
R2 = 1,5 cm 2 = 5 cm. R2

V = V1 - V2 = R12 - R22
V = (R12 - R22)
V = (22 - 1,52) 5 = 8,75 27,475 cm3

= 27,475 7,4 = 203,3 gr
) E = E 1 + E 2 + 2 ( E 1 - E 2 )
E = 2 (R1 + R2) + 2 (R12 - R22) = 2 (R1 + R2) ( + R1 - R2)
= 2 (2 + 1,5) (5 + 2 - 1,5) = 38,5 cm2 =120,89 cm2
35. ) V1, V2
.

60 2
V1 = ( ) 28 = 25.200 mm3 = 25,2
2
30 mm 60 mm
cm3

30 2
V2 = ( ) 28 = 6,3 cm3
2
.
V = 25,2 - 6,3 = 18,9 59,346 cm3
307
= 7,86 59,346 466,46 gr
)

.
60 30 60 2 30
= 2 28 + 2 28 + 2 ( ) - 2 ( )2 =
2 2 2 2
1680 + 840 + 1800 -450 = 3870 mm2 = 38,7 cm2 121,518 cm2
36.
25 100 = 2500 cm
12
= 6 cm. O
2
1 = 2 = 23,1462500 =
94.200 cm2
(100 - 5)% = 95%
94200 cm2 x cm2
95
x = 94200
100
94200
0,95x = 94200, x= , x = 99.158 cm2, x = 9,9158 10 m2
0,95

37. ) = R (h + R) 9,42 = 1 (h + 1)
h = 2 ()
) 2 = h2 - R2 2 = 3 = 3 h
2
) = Rh = 3,14 1 2 = 6,28 m ()
1 1
) V = R2 = 3,14 12 3 = 1,81 m3
3 3

() R
308
2 3 2 3
38. . = 9 3
4 4
= 6 m.
3 6 3
R = R = = 3 .
6 6
= ( 3 )2 = 3 m2. 6 m,
1
V V = 3 6 = 6 = 18,84 m3.
3
39. ) R ,
2R. 2R = 6

30
R=3m
h h
OA = R = h = 2R = 6 m
2
2 = h2 - R2 = 62 - 32 = 27 m2
= 5,19 m
60
= Rh = 56,52 m2 O A
R
1 2
) V = R = 48,88 m3
3
40. = R (h + R) 8 = R (2 + R) R2 + 2R - 8 = 0 3,14R2 + 6,28 R - 8 =

0
R = 0,88 cm
1 1
V= R2 = 3,14 (0,88)2 2 = 1,621 m3.
3 3
309

56,5
41. ) = Rh 56,5 = 3,14 R18 R = 10 dm
5,652
h
) = h 2 - R 2 = 18 2 - 10 2 = 224 15 dm
1 2 1
) V = R = 3,14 102 15 = 1570 dm3
3 3
R
42. V = R2 = 2R
V = R2 2R = 2R3
4 3
V = R
3 RR = 2R

= 2R + 2R2 = 2R 2R + 2R2 =
4R2 + 2R2 = 6R2
= 4R2
V 2R 3 2 6 3
: = = = =
V 4 4 4 2
R 3
3 3
E 6R 2 6 3 V E
= 2
= = . = .
E 4R 4 2 V E
43. V1, V2, V3

, , ,
A
1 1 1 1
V = V1 - V2 - V3 = 3 - 3 - 3 = [(3)3 - (2)3 - 3] =
6 6 6 6
1
183 = 33
6
310
1 2
44. V = V = 100 cm3
3

= = 12 cm R
,

3V
. 2 =

3V
R2 = 2 + 2. R2 = + 2

3 100
R2 = + 122 = 25 + 144 = 169 cm2 R = 13 cm
12

45. ) A1
,
1
V = 12 1 +
3
1
+ 12 1 =
3 1
1 1 1
= 12 (1 + 1) = 12 = 529 = 75
3 3 3
) + = 1 + 1 = ( +) = 511 = 55,
+ = 20 - = 11
46. ) R = 10 cm = 8 cm.
R + = 18 cm. = 12 cm
R + > R - < .

,

, .
2.
) .
:
311
= ( - ) ( - ) ( - ) = 15 3 5 7 = 15 7 cm2.
OO 12 15 7 5 7
= = , 6 = 15 7 = = cm.
2 2 6 2
2
5 7
=
2 = 175 cm2.
2 4

312
2R
47. = 3 2R = 3 =
3
2 (2R) 2 4R 2 3
= 2
= 2
=
2 2R 4R 1

3
3
48. 2R

, 2R = R = . H
2
2

4 = 2.
2
,
3
2
3
4 = 32. 32 - 2 = 22.
2

49. = 4R2
= 2R 2 = 42R2 = E
= E = 7,85 = 4,96 m
50. 422 =16 . R

4R2. 4 R2 = 216 R2 = 8 R = 2 2 = 2,82 m.
51. = 4R2, = 2R,

2 2
R= , E = 4 =
2 4 2
313

52. ) V = V + V =
1
1 1
2 + 2 =
3 3
1 1
2 ( + ) = 2.
3 3

B = 60 A = 30 = = 2 cm
2
= AB 2 - B 2 = 2 3 cm, = A 2 - 2 = 2 6 cm.
= 2 + 2 6 = 2 ( 6 + 1) cm,
1
V= 122 ( 6 + 1) = 8 ( 6 + 1) cm3
3
) + = + = ( + ) = 2 3 10 =
20 3 cm2
314

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2000

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20. * = 2 cm, = 9 cm,

23. ** 5 cm, 3 cm 7 cm.

28. ** < , > .

30. ** : = 3 cm, = 5 cm, = 7 cm.

1. iii 7. i 13. ii 19. ii

162 + (4 + x)2 = (x + 12)2

5. (5)2 + (5)2 = 252 + 252 = 25 (2 + 2) = 252 = (5)2

23. i. : 72 > 52 + 32,

28. < , 2 < 2 .

56. i. (1, R1), (2, R2) x

13. ** 256 cm2.

20. ** = 60, = 12 cm, = 3 cm

40. ** = 17 cm, = 8 cm, = 15 cm.

1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. , 6. , 7. , 8. , 9. , 10. , 11. , 12. ,

13. = 2. 2 = 256 cm2 =

34. ) () = 120 = 18 3 cm2

1. 10. 18. 26.

3 5cm 10 3cm 75 3cm 2

4 6cm 12cm 144cm2

6 5 3cm 10cm 150 3cm 2

4. ** (1, R1) (2, R2) .

1. , 2. , 3. , 4. i) - ii) , 5. , 6. , 7. , 8. , 9. , 10. , 11. ,

10. ** 108 m2,

49. ** 7,85 m2.

) V = 24 cm2 7 cm = 168 cm3

10. + + = 13, 2 ( + + ) = 108, 2 + 2 =25

= R2 = 3,14 52 = 78,5 cm2

40. = R (h + R) 8 = R (2 + R) R2 + 2R - 8 = 0 3,14R2 + 6,28 R - 8 =

43. V1, V2, V3

50. 422 =16 . R

51. = 4R2, = 2R,

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