Mapna 22DT

Operator Training
on Static Excitation Equipment

24.01.2006 Power Generation 1

Kodierung
 Basics of Static Excitation Equipment

Why do we need excitation systems?

24.01.2006 Operator Training on Static Excitation Equipment Power Generation 2

 Basics of Static Excitation Equipment

Some historic steps towards synchronous generators

• 1832 Construction of the first electrical generator

by Hyppolite Pixii utilising the induction principle with
steel magnets

• Supply of arc lamps

•Supply of galvano-technical systems
•No transportation of electrical energy at
that time

24.01.2006 Operator Training on Static Excitation Equipment Power Generation 3

 Basics of Static Excitation Equipment

Some historic steps towards synchronous generators

• 1867 Presentation of the first self-excited electrical machine by Werner von Siemens at the
Paris World Exhibition

24.01.2006 Operator Training on Static Excitation Equipment Power Generation 4

 Basics of Static Excitation Equipment

Some historic steps towards synchronous generators

• ~ 1880 Construction of the first centralized power units in Europe for the supply of
electrical lamps

• 1885 Commissioning of
the first German power
station in Berlin (supply of
consumers within area of
800 m around it)

• 1887 Construction of the first 3 phase

generator by A. Haselwander

• 1891 First 3 phase power transmission from

power station Lauffen to the Electro-technical
Exhibition in Frankfurt / M. (175 km)

24.01.2006 Operator Training on Static Excitation Equipment Power Generation 5

 Basics of Static Excitation Equipment

Some historic steps towards synchronous generators

• 20th century: Further improvement of power generation and distribution
• 1982 Commissioning of the worlds biggest single shaft turbo-set of the NPP Isar2
(Landshut, Germany)

Isar2, rated data of the generator:

n = 1500 min-1
S = 1640 MVA
U = 27 kV
I = 35 kA

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 Basics of Static Excitation Equipment

For the induction of a 3 phase voltage in a

synchronous machine ….

24.01.2006 Operator Training on Static Excitation Equipment Power Generation 7

 Basics of Static Excitation Equipment

For the induction of a 3 phase voltage in a

synchronous machine a rotating direct magnetic field
is required

24.01.2006 Operator Training on Static Excitation Equipment Power Generation 8

 Basics of Static Excitation Equipment

Rectifiers are used to make D.C. for the rotor field.

Early rectifiers were mercury vapour rectifiers.

Input: 3AC / 220 Volt / 75 Amp. / 50 Hz

Output: DC 100/140 Volt / 150 Ampere
Output: DC 140/165 Volt / 65 Ampere

24.01.2006 Operator Training on Static Excitation Equipment Power Generation 9

 Basics of Static Excitation Equipment

Circuit diagram of a mercury vapour rectifier:

3 phase AC input
DC output

24.01.2006 Operator Training on Static Excitation Equipment Power Generation 10

 Basics of Static Excitation Equipment

Modern excitation systems are designed …

… as brushless excitation
systems
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 Basics of Static Excitation Equipment

or…

… as static excitation systems

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 Basics of Static Excitation Equipment

Questions for design:

Rating of
excitation
transformer

Rating of
excitation
equipment

Parameters and
features of controller

24.01.2006 Operator Training on Static Excitation Equipment Power Generation 13