Adamson University

College of Engineering
Chemical Engineering Department

IONIC LIQUIDS
Laboratory Report

Submitted by:

AGUILAR, Vanessa Denise C.

ENGR. RUGI RUBI

Instructor, Computer Applications in ChE Laboratory

November 27, 2017

I. Objectives

To analyze graphically the experimental data of the anion effects on gas solubility in ionic
liquids obtained from their results through the aid of Microsoft Excel.
To provide analysis of the resulting graph using the principles involved in ionic liquids.

II. Introduction

An ionic liquid is a salt in which the ions are poorly coordinated, which results in these
solvents being liquid below 100C, or even at room temperature (room temperature ionic
liquids, RTIL's). At least one ion has a delocalized charge and one component is organic, which
prevents the formation of a stable crystal lattice.

Properties, such as melting point, viscosity, and solubility of starting materials and other
solvents, are determined by the substituents on the organic component and by the counterion.
Many ionic liquids have even been developed for specific synthetic problems. For this reason,
ionic liquids have been termed "designer solvents".

One of the first RTILs was a mixture of [emim]Cl with AlCl3 forming a series of equilibria
between [emim][AlCl4], [emim][Al2Cl7], and [emim][Al3Cl10]. This RTIL is not water
stable. The discovery of water-insoluble RTILs such as [bmim][PF6] allowed the development
of new work-up methods, including the separation of water-soluble byproducts by simple
extraction. Some transition metal catalysts that are soluble in ionic liquids may be recycled
together with the ionic liquid, after extraction with water and the non-polar organic solvent
used for product separation. The catalyst and ionic liquid may be recycled several times.

Understanding gas solubilities in ionic liquids (ILs) is important for several reasons. First,
many of the reaction studies in ILs, such as hydrogenations, hydroformylations, and
oxidations, involve the reaction of permanent or condensable gases in the IL solutions where
reactant solubility is key. Second, understanding the solubility of compressed gases and
supercritical fluids in ILs is required for assessing the feasibility of possible applications for
ionic liquids. Two examples of applications involving gas and ionic liquid systems that have
been shown to have potential include supercritical fluid extraction to remove solutes from the
IL phase or using ILs to separate gas mixtures. Finally, an investigation of gas solubilities in
ILs can be used to extract information about specific chemical and molecular interactions
between the gas and the IL, such as hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole, dipoleinduced dipole,
and dispersion forces. These simple probes can provide valuable information on the underlying
solvent behavior of ILs.

III. Data Points

Pressure Mole Fraction of

(kPa) Nitrous oxide
liquid
1 0.0023
1.42 0.00024
1.87 0.005
2.01 0.000028
4.47 0.0024

4.81 0.0038

7.12 0.0096

9.87 0.0068

9.93 0.008

19.8 0.022

49.9 0.029

49.9 0.029

49.9 0.033
99.8 0.048

99.9 0.049

200 0.089

200 0.091

250 0.101

250 0.103

350 0.139

400 0.151

400 0.153

500 0.184

550 0.196

550 0.199

600 0.213

600 0.215

700 0.237

700 0.24

850 0.277

850 0.281

900 0.292

999 0.318
1000 0.315

1100 0.339

1100 0.34

1100 0.342

1100 0.343

1200 0.362

1200 0.364

1300 0.384

1300 0.384

1300 0.387

1300 0.387

0.0288 0.0000048

0.0837 0.00034

0.111 1.76E-06

0.963 0.0005

1 0.0082

3.56 0.00012

4.95 0.0026
6.18 0.0022

7.59 0.0028

9.83 0.0052

9.91 0.0056

19.8 0.011

49.9 0.025

49.9 0.025

49.9 0.028

99.9 0.039

99.9 0.04

200 0.069

200 0.071

250 0.08

250 0.082
350 0.11
400 0.119

400 0.121

500 0.145

550 0.154
550 0.157

600 0.168

600 0.168

700 0.187

700 0.19

850 0.218

850 0.221

900 0.229

1000 0.247

1000 0.249

1100 0.267

1100 0.268

1100 0.269

1100 0.269

1200 0.285

1200 0.287

1300 0.304

1300 0.304

1300 0.305

1300 0.305
0.0562 0.0000088

1.1 0.00066

2.53 0.000048

2.67 0.00094

4.48 0.001

4.82 0.0024

7.21 0.0024

9.81 0.0034

9.92 0.0044

19.8 0.0076

49.9 0.0192

50 0.02

50 0.021

99.9 0.031
99.9 0.031

200 0.049

200 0.049

250 0.057

250 0.059

350 0.075

400 0.085

400 0.087

500 0.101

549 0.114

550 0.111

600 0.117

600 0.122

700 0.133

700 0.138

850 0.153

850 0.161

900 0.164

999 0.181

1000 0.18
 1100 0.195

1100 0.196

1100 0.197

1100 0.202

1200 0.209

1200 0.213

1300 0.223

1300 0.223

1300 0.227

1300 0.227

Graph of the Data Points

Mole Fraction vs. Pressure

0.45

0.4

0.35

0.3
MOLE FRACTION

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
-0.05
PRESSURE (KPA)
 IV. Discussion

The absorption of CO2 and CO into [bmim]- [BF4] was measured up to gas pressures of 13 bar
at three temperatures: 10 C, 25 C, and 50 C. The C6H6 solubility was measured up to
approximately 80% of its vapor pressure for 10 C and 25 C and up to about 50% of its vapor
pressure for 40 C and 50 C.

The data from the said experiment was presented as data points that were used in the graph.
Different values of pressures in kPa correspond to a certain value of mole fraction of Nitrous oxide
liquid. The data showed a non-continuous trend of data wherein the first set of data were only at a
certain range. Another set of data occurs after the maximum are reached. This is why the graph
showed three different graphs with different data points. The graph showed linear relationship. As
pressure increases, so thus the mole fraction of Nitrous oxide also.

V. Conclusion

The solubilities of a variety of gases in several different ionic liquids have been reported.
Water and benzene were most soluble, followed by nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide, then
ethylene, ethane and oxygen for the ionic liquids considered.