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Justice Jones

Ms. Jizi

UWRT 1104

9 November 2017

Annotated Bibliography

Better Test for Lyme Disease in Pets. Films Media Group, 2012,

fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=149262&xtid=57216.

Lyme Disease can cause long-lasting damage in pets joints and kidneys. This disease

can even cause early death. However, if it is found early then it can be treated effectively. With

the improvement of science, a new test has been made for Lyme Disease. With this test, the

animal is checked for Lyme Disease, and also to see which stage the disease has progressed to.

By using this, veterinarians can understand what treatments will be needed to cure the disease

and how soon action will need to be taken.

I was very unaware of how advanced science was in terms of detecting disease. I did not

know that it was already to the point that specific stages of animal diseases could be found. I was

under the impression that it could only be recognized, and not actually shown how drastic it

actually is. However, this video helped me with my inquiry because it helped me to understand

that science is rapidly improving the ways that an illness is discovered and treated. So, this has

helped with my inquiry because it showed me that one sample from an animal can produce

multiple results regarding an illness. This will help in discovering disease in animals more

quickly and more accurately.

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This video is credible because Bettina Wager, a veterinarian at Cornell University, was

one of the people discussing the functionality of the treatment. Wager has a PhD, as well as a

DVM (Doctor of Veterinary Medicine) from the School of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover,

Germany. She is a member of the American Association of Immunologists, and a member of the

DGFI (German Society of Immunology). She has also written multiple scientific publications on

the topic of immunology.

Grauer, GF. Early Detection of Renal Damage and Disease in Dogs and Cats. The

Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice, vol. 35, no. 3, 2005,

pp. 58196.

Regular checkups of animals are a key to finding illness early. Checkups should include

things such as checking weight, blood, and urine. Unusual things in the blood or urine of animals

can indicate a problem within the body. Some things, such as Renal Damage, is more common in

older animals, so they must be monitored more frequently for strange behavior. If an illness is

found t can possibly be a sign of future disease. This detection can be a key to treating for the

disease before it becomes harmful.

This source is relevant to my inquiry because it focuses on some basic ways that animals

can be checked for illness. It also details how one illness can lead to another, thus further

complicating things. This source helped me to move forward in my inquiry because it gave me

some basic knowledge about my topic. Now I have a simple understanding of what goes into

checkups and how they are just as vital for animals as they are for humans.

This source is credible because the author is affiliated with the Department of Clinical

Sciences, and the College of Veterinary Medicine at Kansas State University. The author,
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Gregory F. Grauer, also published the article in the Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small

Animal Practice publication. The author is also qualified to write on this subject because he is a

Professor at Kansas State University, and is also the Jarvis Chair of Small Animal Internal

Medicine.

Horzinek, Marian C. Vaccine Use and Disease Prevalence in Dogs and Cats. VETMIC

Veterinary Microbiology, vol. 117, no. 1, 2006, pp. 28.

While vaccines can be helpful to animals, they can also be harmful. There is a possibility

that animals can be harmed by the vaccine due to it backfiring and making illness worse.

Veterinarians also rarely check to see if the vaccine is actually working and just assume that they

will. In the past, many vaccines were generic and did not cater to specific animals or breeds. This

caused treatments to fail for a large population of animals. Also, it is now known that it is better

to treat a large population with a vaccination once, rather than treating a small population with a

vaccination multiple times. This is because if it is given to the majority of the population, then

they may develop an immunity towards a certain disease which in turn will benefit the species as

a whole.

This article was very informative for my inquiry. It allowed me to learn how vaccinations

are used today and how they were used in the past. I now understand that the majority of a

species needs to be vaccinated to become immune to a disease. If only a small amount are

receiving treatment, then it could lead to a possible epidemic. This article helped me further my

inquiry because it taught me on how vaccines can be used effectively to combat disease. It also

taught me how vaccines can sometimes do more harm than good to the patient.

The author, Marian Horzinek, is credible because he studied veterinary medicine and

obtained his Doctor of Veterinary Medicine in 1962 at. He also received his Habilitation
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(equivalent to a PhD) in Virology in 1970. Marian was also the director of the Institute of

Veterinary Research at Utrecht University in Germany. On top of this, he was also the founding

president of the European Society of Feline Medicine, and has written over 300 scientific articles

and over 30 books and monographs.

Lemos, Elenice Moreira, et al. Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis: Performance of a Rapid

Diagnostic Test (Kalazar Detect) in Dogs with and without Signs of the Disease.

ACTROP Acta Tropica, vol. 107, no. 2, 2008, pp. 205207.

Visceral Leishmaniasis is a hard disease to detect. One of the main ways that it is found is

by looking at the amount of antibodies produced by the animal. However, a new test has been

used to make detection of the disease easier. Veterinarians use a dipstick to find any samples of

antibodies within the animal. Even very slight traces can be picked up using this test. So, the

chances of accurately diagnosing an animal are very high with this test.

The article was very helpful in furthering my inquiry. This is because my inquiry is

regarding early disease detection in animals, which falls right in line with the article. The article

also displayed how science is advancing to adapt to diseases that are not as easy to find, and how

these discoveries can potentially save the lives of many animals in the future. There are other

ways to diagnose the disease that were described in the article, but they are more costly and not

as quick.

The author, Elenice Moreira Lemos, has written over 40 other scientific publications in

the field of immunology and clinical science. One of her publications, Establishing tools for

early diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis: Flow cytometric IgG avidity assay as a

confirmatory test for neonatal screening, was published in the Journal of Immunological

Methods. She also graduated in 1989 from the Federal University of Ouro Preto.
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Sleeper, M, et al. Status of Therapeutic Gene Transfer to Treat Cardiovascular Disease in Dogs

and Cats. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology : the Official Journal of the European

Society of Veterinary Cardiology, vol. 13, no. 2, 2011, pp. 13140.

Cardiovascular disease in dogs can be treated with gene therapy. Gene therapy is using

normal genes and replicating them. This is done by placing a catheter in the animal that helps

to replicate the genes, while causing minimal damage. By doing this, the genes that have the

disease can be replaced with the normal genes as a form of treatment for the animal. At the very

least, gene therapy can be used to slow the progression of heart disease until better treatments

can be obtained.

This article helped me with my inquiry because it showed me a new way to treat disease

that I did not even think about beforehand. It supports my inquiry because the article states that

early detection of the disease can be used to effectively implement the correct treatments. This

supports my question on how early detection of disease can be used to help prolong animal life.

However, this article also made me question how ethical such a procedure actually is. It also

made me question how often this procedure is done and if it is available for a large majority of

animals.

The author, Meg Sleeper is a Clinical Professor of Cardiology, and she is within the

Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences at the University of California. She received her

VMD from the University of Pennsylvania in 1993. She has also researched gene therapy for

cardiovascular disease and inherited heart disease. Sleeper was also apart of the Great Ape Heart

Project, which is used to investigate cardiovascular disease within great apes.