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Annotated Bibliography

Is It Possible For Artificial Intelligence to Ever be Truly Intelligent?

Bethany Morgan

Professor Malcolm Campbell

UWRT 1104

10/19/2017
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R. Dechter, P. Doherty. Science Direct. Elsevier B. V. 2017.

http://www.sciencedirect.com.librarylink.uncc.edu Web. Accessed October 15, 2017.

This international journal is an open access article feed, titled Artificial Intelligence,

that was first published in 1970. Most all of these articles are peer reviewed and edited by

the sites editors-in-chief, Rina Dechter, computer science professor, and P. Doherty of

Linkping University. This journal is the generally accepted international forum for the

publication of the results of current research in AI. The description of the journal says

that it welcomes foundational and applied papers describing mature work involving

computational accounts of aspects of intelligence. This article feed is a great source for

my specific topic because it is continuously being updated, and accepting articles with

new information about the latest research. The site accepts specific papers on Artificial

Intelligence and philosophy, Automated reasoning and inference, intelligent interfaces,

machine learning, natural language processing, reasoning under uncertainty or

imprecision, and other topics.

Haugeland, John. Artificial Intelligence, The Very Idea. MIT-Press, Cambridge,

Massachusetts

1996. Print.

This book, that I found through the University of North Carolina at Charlottes library

database, is fairly old. It was first published in 1985 by the Massachusetts Institute of

Technology. Being released at an early date, this book is not focused so much on the

fancy newer technologies behind AI, such as artificial skin that gives the machines a
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sense of touch. Rather, this book focuses on the root technology that might allow

machines to have a mind of their own. Going into the psychology of how the human

mind works through shapes and symbols, Haugeland states that intelligence depends only

on a systems organization and functionality as a symbol manipulator. The beginning of

chapter one introduces several big names in the field, providing experts, such as

Nicolaus Copernicus, Rene Descartes, and John von Neumann, who can be credited. In

chapter 5, the book goes into the history of machines like computers, and then talks about

the more modern computers, and how they have progressed to a performance/cost

improvement of about 100,000 to 1. This book also introduces the concept of the

creature feature genre of AI, which is basically like natural beings except they are hand

made, thus supposedly making them superior, yet possibly horribly flawed. The book has

6 chapters, plus an introduction, giving information on The Saga of the Modern Mind,

Automatic Formal Systems, Semantics, Computer Architecture, Real Machines and Real

People. The book contains several boxes, which are little excerpts that answer several

contradictory questions in AI, including Why IQ is Irrelevant, and Epistemological

Skepticism, as well as explaining several famous theorems, such as Dualist Desperados

and Galileo's Theorem. This book will probably be one of my most heavily used sources,

because it includes a lot of relevant information about history and research in AI.

Marshall, Patrick. Artificial Intelligence. Can Smart Machines Replace Humans? 2011,

April 22. CQ Press 2017. http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/ Web. Accessed

October 12, 2017.

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This website is another research database. This particular article section about Artificial

Intelligence touches on IBMs Watson, which I am planning on talking about in my

research paper, because Watson is a perfect example of the most up-to-date research

being put into a machine and tested outside of a lab. An interesting section of this site is

the next step portion, where they provide both current, and possible future, uses of

some of these technologies. A Massachusetts hospital uses robots to gather information

from patients when doctors are unable to see them in person. A San Francisco company

used artificial intelligence to develop an algorithm that determines whether a song will

become popular or not. This website is a perfect example of a website that I can use to

provide information about current research projects in AI, such as Watson and the Sophia

Robot.

Point, Tutorials. Artificial Intelligence Tutorial. Tutorials Point, Tutorials point August 15,

2017. www.tutorialspoint.com. Web. Accessed October 02, 2017.

This website is a large tutorial website, with tutorials on all different subjects for

beginners. The research article on Artificial Intelligence is very in-depth, and has

information on several sub topics under AI. The tutorial begins defining Artificial

Intelligence as a whole, and then defines Intelligence itself. This article includes mostly

information such as basic definitions, or information on how something works, rather

than current research that is happening in the field. It was very helpful to introduce me to

several terms related to AI that are important for me to know, in order to understand what

I am reading. For example, I had never heard of Fuzzy Logic Systems, however, now I
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could tell you a good deal about what it is and how it works. After reading several

reviews on this website, I believe that it is a good source to get information on things that

I may be unsure about. The home page of the website says that it is the largest Tutorials

Library on the web, and is highly accredited by several university professors and

experts. This source was a very good starting point in my research, first because it

informed me about several terms and topics that I didn't know before, and sparked

interest in several topics. It is extremely relevant to my topic, because this particular

article is all about Artificial Intelligence, and many of the specific technologies behind it,

such as Search Algorithms, Natural Language Processing, and Neural Networks.