Education System in Japan

Teacher in Charge :
Ahmad Awi M.

1. Arif Riswanto
2. Dhea Risma P.
3. Rangga P. Putra
4. Rima Almahijjah S.

Man 2 Samarinda
2019

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 Table of Contents
Preface………………………………………………………………………………...(3)
Chapter I……………………………………………………………………………….
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………...(4)
1.1 Definition of Comparative Education……………………………………………..(4)
1.2 Purpose of Comparative Education………………………………………………..(4).
1.3 Definition of Education System……………………………………………………(4)
Chapter II……………………………………………………………………………….
Education System of Japan……………………………………………………………..(5)
2.1 Pre-school Education……………………………………………………………….(5)
2.2 Mandatory Education……………………………………………………………….(6)
2.3 High School Education……………………………………………………………...(6)
2.4 Higher Education…………………………………………………………………….(7)
Chapter III……………………………………………………………………………….
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………...
3.1 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….(8)
3.2 Suggest……………………………………………………………………………...(8)

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 Preface
Psychologically, due to human strong curiousity, has pushed someone to know and study
further about living conditions that apply outside his/her people or country. And to knowing
living conditions that apply outside his/her people or country will be a mutual understanding
and cooperation and feeling for helping each other for achieving mutual goals and
improvement. To find out the existence outside the community or other nations needed what
is now known as the comparative study. According to basic research, comparative studies
have the meaning of analyzing two or more things to find similarities and differences. So that
it will be able to provide understanding and understanding of various types of education
systems that exist in various countries and regions of the world in general, especially the
education system of Indonesia and developed countries with a variety of historical
backgrounds, comparatively.
Apart from some of those, with comparative studies of existing education systems, it will lead
to the growth and development of the ability to compare various education systems from
various countries and regions of the world. Then in addition to those with this comparative
study, one will find it easier to analyze and infer the sources of strengths and weaknesses of
the education system that is oriented towards the goals of International and Universal
education. From these various things we as the nation's successors who also love will create
an education system that can foster a positive and open character towards various efforts to
innovate and renew education in Indonesia. In the framework of developing national
education. And this renewal can be done by means of a comparative study of the education
system between several countries so that they can find out the weaknesses and strengths of
each system that has been carried out in a country.

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 CHAPTER I
Introduction

1.1 Definition of Comparative Education

Comparative Education Means analyzing two or more things to look for the similiarities and
difference. Thus the comparative study of education is conceived as an effort to analyze the
analysis of in depth two things or aspects of the education system, to find similarities and
differences that exist from the two things.
according to Carter V. Good, the definition of comparative education is: a field of study that
has the task of making comparisons of theories and practices of education as found in various
countries with the aim of expanding the landscape and knowledge of education abroad on
their own.
1.2 Purpose of Comparative Education
The purpose of the comparison of education is to find similarities and differences between the
two education systems, there is also a content that is further between them;
1. To analyze the sources or factors that cause the advantages of each of these systems.
2. To create an attitude of mutual understanding and open to one another.
3. Will create cooperative relation to develop their respective education systems and can help
each other in solving problems or obstacles faced by each nation concerned.
1.3 Definition of Education System
system is the total number of parts that work together to achieve the expected results based on
the needs that have been determined. Each system must have a goal, and all activities from all
components are directed towards achieving that goal. The education in Indonesia is an
educational process in the sense of a system, which is called the education system.
Theoretically, an education system consists of components or parts that are the core of the
education process. The parts consist of:
a Educational goals or ideals, which serve to give direction to all activities in all educational
processes.
b Students, who function as objects and subjects of education.
c Educators who function as mentors, directors to guide the student.
d Educational tools mean everything that can be used to achieve educational goals, which
serves to facilitate or accelerate the achievement of educational goals.
e Environment, which functions as a container or field for the implementation of the
education process because without the environment, education cannot take place.

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 Chapter II
Education System in Japan
The education system in Japan is built on four levels, namely: central, intellectual (between
Province and Regency), municipal (between District and District), and school. The
administrative system applies a combination of centralization, decentralization, School Based
Management, and community participation. In addition, there are associations of school
principals, teachers, students and parents who support school development. In this system
there are roles and relationships between the central government, local governments, school,
associations, and communities that complement each other so as to create synergy that allows
the system to be relatively efficient and effective. This is a major factor japan in achieving
relatively high quality education.
The general education system in Japan was established more than a century ago and its
existence lasts longer than in most countries. The Japanese education system is basically
elementary school 6 (six) years, junior high school 3 (three) years, high school 3 (three)
years, university 4 (four) years, and institutions Higher Education 2 (two) years. Compulsory
education is from elementary to junior high school. To enter high school and university
basically have to take the entrance examination. In addition to these schools, there are
vocational schools or special schools that accommodate elementary or middle school
graduates. This school teaches special skills. In addition to these several levels of education,
there are also preschool education programs in Japan, both in the form of Kindergarten (TK)
and Play Group (PG).
If viewed from the school manager, it can be divided into three groups, Public Schools, which
are schools that run by government , Provincial schools, schools managed by local
governments, and Private Schools are schools managed by legal entities. Whereas when
viewed from the school year, school begins in April and ends in March of the following year.
2.1 Pre-school Education
Preschool education is divided into two forms, namely Playgroup and Kindergarten.
Play Group (PG) is a facility provided for parents who work so they cannot take care
of their children during the day. New student registration starts every early January.
Permohoman to enter PG is done at the local government office because of the limited
number of places to enter this play group.
Abd. Rahman Assegaf explained that kindergarten in Japan accepts students aged 3 to 5 years
for 1 to 3 years. Children aged 3 years are accepted and attend education for 3 years, while
children aged 4 years attend education for 2 years and for applicants aged 5 years only take
preschool education for 1 year.More than 50% of Kindergarten in Japan are managed by the
private sector, the other half is by the city government and only a small proportion are state
Kindergarten. However, all kindergartens are preschool education under the auspices of the
Department of Education and Culture which is managed under the law of education.
Kindergarten or what is called youchien aims to care for early childhood and provide
a proper environment for the development of the child's soul. To achieve this goal, there are
several ways that can be done, including:

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(1) Designing education that develops bodily and mental functions in harmony through
healthy, safe, and pleasant lifestyle habits;
(2) Growing a spirit of independence, group life full of excitement and cooperation;
(3) Introducing social life and fostering social skills;
(4) Teach the use of language correctly and foster interest in communicating with others;
(5) Guiding interest to be creative through learning music, games, drawing and others.
2.2 Mandatory Education
Compulsory schooling applies to children aged 6 to 15 years, but most children attend school
longer than required. Every child goes to elementary school at the age of 6 years to 12 years,
then junior high school until the age of 15 years. This compulsory education is free for all
children, especially school fees and books. For learning tools, activities outside of school,
picnics and lunch at school need to pay for themselves. but for children from families who
cannot afford gets special assistance from the central and regional governments. In addition
there are also assistance for learning needs, health care, and others. A child who has
graduated from elementary school is required to continue his education to junior high school
level. Thus, school must be taken for 9 years; 6 years in elementary school and 3 years in
junior high school.
Almost all students in Japan learn English since the first year of junior high school,
and most study it for at least 6 years. Compulsory subjects in junior high school are Japanese,
social sciences, mathematics, science, music, fine arts, physical education, and family welfare
education. These various subjects are given at different times every day for a week so that
there are rarely the same lesson schedules on different days.
2.3 High School Education
There are three types of high school, namely: full time, part time (especially night), and
written. Full-time secondary schools last for 3 years, while the other two types of schools
produce equivalent diplomas. The biggest part of students gets senior secondary education in
full time high school. Majors in high school can be categorized into several types based on
curriculum patterns, namely general (academic), agriculture, engineering, trade, fisheries,
home economic, and care. To enter one type of school, students must take the entrance
examination and bring a reference letter from the junior high school where they previously
graduated.
Almost all junior and senior high schools and private universities determine student
admission through entrance examinations, and each school holds its own entrance
examination. Students who want to enter the school concerned must take the exam. Because
the entrance examination is very difficult, students often take additional tutoring (tutoring) in
juku or yobiko on weekends or on normal evenings / evenings, in addition to their school
lessons

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2.4 Higher Education
There are three types of higher education institutions, which are universities, junior colleges
(academies), and technical colleges. At the university there are undergraduate (S-1) and
postgraduate (S-2 and S-3) education. S-1 education lasts for 4 years, resulting in a bachelor
degree , except in the facility of medicine and dentistry which lasts for 6 years. Postgraduate
education is divided into two categories, which is the Master's degree (S-2) is taken for 2
years after completing the Bachelor's degree and Doctor's degree (S-3) is taken for 5
years.
Junior colleges provide two or three years of education for high school graduates. Credit
required at the junior college can be calculated as part of the credit for obtaining a Bachelor's
degree (S-1) degree. Middle school graduates (junior high school level) can enter technical
college (academy engineering). Education at this institution lasts for 5 years (full time) to
produce technicians. Universities and junior colleges choose their students based on the
results of the entrance examination and the results of learning achievement from high school.
For public and regional schools, since 1979 a uniform "skills proficiency test" has been
implemented, as the first stage of the entrance examination system. The second stage is the
entrance examination of the university in question as a final selection.
Higher education in Japan is under the management of three institutions, namely the
central government, regional government, and the private sector. There are five types of
higher education that foreign students can choose from in Japan, including: undergraduate,
postgraduate, diploma (non-degree) programs, academies, and vocational schools. The
undergraduate program accepts three types of students, namely: regular students, student
listeners, and student credit collectors. Regular students are those who study for 4 years,
except medical majors who have to take 6 years. Listening students are students who are
allowed to take certain courses with different terms and credit amounts at each university but
that credit is not recognized. The student credit collector is almost the same as the student
listener, but the credit is recognized.
While the postgraduate program consists of Masters, Doctoral, Research Student,
Listening Students, and Credit Collectors. Researchers are students who are permitted to
conduct research in a particular field for 1 semester or 1 year without the aim of getting a
degree. The third program is a diploma, which has 2 years of education. Sixty percent of this
program is for female students and teaches fields such as family welfare, literature, language,
education, health, and welfare. An academy or special training academy is a higher education
institution that teaches specific fields, such as skills needed in work or daily life with a
duration of education between 1 and 3 years. The vocational school is a special program for
junior high school graduates with a duration of education of 5 years and aims to foster
technicians who are able to keep up with the development of science and technology.

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 Chapter III
Conclusion
3.1 Conclusion
Japan Education System is not so different with Education in Indonesia, but yet it is so
advanced rather than Indonesia. The education system in Japan is built on four levels,
namely: central, intellectual (between Province and Regency), municipal (between District
and District), and school. . The Japanese education system is basically elementary school 6
(six) years, junior high school 3 (three) years, high school 3 (three) years, university 4 (four)
years, and institutions Higher Education 2 (two) years.It is divided by three steps, Pre-school
education which consist of Kindergarten (Yuenchi) and Playgroup, Mandatory education
includes elementary school,junior high school, and High School Education either its full time,
part time or written, and Higher Education, namely junior colleges (academies), and technical
colleges.

3.2 Suggestion
After doing research and making this paper, we think is better for indonesia to use japan
education system as role model to achieving a better education system. Especially a system in
japan which between the central government, local governments, school, associations, and
communities that complement each other so as to create synergy that allows the system to be
relatively efficient and effective. We think Indonesia is more being competitive rather than
being comperative between schools. Rather to growing their education quality together most
of Indonesia schools is only care about it own school and didn’t care about other school. If
Schools is change their way of upgrading their education quality, we are sure that will bring a
change to our country education qualitys