Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction………………………………….......................................................................
Discussion……………………………………………………………………………………….
Comparison………………………………………………………………………………………
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………..….
Recommendation……………………………………………………………………………….
Definition of Terms……………………………………………………………………….…..
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………
systems of Spain and the United States. However, after the liberation of the Philippines in 1946,
the system changed radically. The Department of Education (or DepEd) administers the entire
educational system, especially the curriculum, along with the utilization of given funds for school
at the age of 12. With this system, compulsory education is not enforced. However, 2011
signaled the start of the implementation of a new educational system, which is the K-12
educational system, which includes the new curricula for all schools (see 2010s and the K-12
program). With this system, education will be now compulsory. All public and private schools in
the Philippines must start classes from a date mandated by the Department of Education,
usually every first Monday of June for public schools only, and must end after each school
completes the mandated 200-day school calendar of DepEd, around the third week of March to
fourteen years of schooling before university. Thus, their children are getting into the best
universities and the best jobs after graduation. I want at least 12 years for our public school
in the elementary and secondary level. At present, the Department of Education pronounces
the addition of two more years in the basic education of students, which according to them will
benefit not only the Filipino youth but all the Filipinos in the Philippines. With this, the standards
of these countries go a notch higher than what the country has, thus, creating an expansion in
the global competency. What can be really said about this plan? The enhanced K-12 program,
education curriculum by adding two more years to the system is arguably one of the most
drastic and controversial programs of the Aquino administration. The program is proposed to
start in school year 2012-2013 for Grade 1 and first year high school students with the target of
primary education, four years of Junior High School, and two years of Senior High School to
provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare
entrepreneurship. With the introduction of the Common Core State Standards in the United
States, it may be worthwhile for the Philippines to examine and observe how a new curriculum
is implemented. The changes in the United States public school education are not as dramatic
as the Philippines DepEd's K to 12. Common Core State Standards in the United States
involves new standards for mathematics and english language arts. On the other hand, the new
curriculum in the Philippines includes addition of kindergarten plus two years at the end of high
school, mother tongue based - multilingual education, and a spiral curriculum for both math and
science. Common Core State Standards in the United States is therefore so much smaller and
yet, the discussions and consultations are wider and deeper in participation.
When the draft of Common Core State Standards in the United States was made public
back in March 2010, nearly 10,000 people provided feedback, half were K-12 teachers. Still the
Basic Education Curriculum (BEC), this is a form of tool which will stand as one point of
learning areas as adequate for the development of competencies starting from Basic education
up to the second level of which is renounced as High School. This will focus more on
developing knowledge, skills, habits and attitudes through the guidance of educationalist
assigned. As for 2015, wide grounding has been made for the Philippine Education For All
which is known as EFA. A curriculum guides the instructional lessons that teachers use. A
curriculum defines what the learner will learn and can possibly guide when the learner learns
elementary and secondary schools. It is called the Basic Education Curriculum (BEC).The
private schools have the option to enrich or modify the BEC as circumstances in their schools
dictate.
equipped with life skills, appreciative of arts and sports, and imbued with the desirable values of
“The Vision is in line with DepEd’s mission to provide quality basic education that is
equitably accessible to all and lays the foundation for lifelong learning and service for the
common good.” Among the salient features of RBEC was its desire to overcome an
overcrowded curriculum. The RBEC resulted in the decongestion of the curriculum with only
five learning areas: English, Filipino, Mathematics, Science and Makabayan, these are “tool
Makabayan “addressess primarily societal needs. This is where the learner can apply practical
knowledge and life skills and demonstrate deeper appreciation of Filipino culture. Thus, it
emphasizes the development of self-reliant and patriotic citizens as well as the development of
critical and creative thinking” Besides “functional literacy” and “life skills”, the DepEd envision
the formation of pupils who are makabayan, makatao, makalikasan, at maka-Diyos – patriotic,
humane, environmentally sensitive and God-fearing. This is the crucial foundation of disciplines
in secondary and tertiary education that focus on the development of human being, and not on
merely professional skills. Consider:” Makabayan is the laboratory of life or an experiential area
which consists of civics, culture, geography, history, education to develop skills for the home,
The desired outcome of our whole educational reform is the development of the patriotic
makakalikasan, at maka-Diyos”. “Teach them the difference between right and wrong” In
Makabayan, less indeed may be more. The objective of elementary and secondary education
serve as the “official learning goals” of basic education as stated for a particular population of
learners; that is, the elementary and secondary education learners. The Bureau of Alternative
Learning System (formerly Non-Formal Education) likewise has a set of official learning goals
for its particular set of target learners – the out-of-school youth and adults. The Objective of
Secondary Education; 1 Continue the general education started in elementary. 2 Prepare the
learners for college; and 3 Prepare the learners for the world of work. The Objectives of
Elementary Education are as follows; 1 Provide the knowledge and develop the skills,
attitudes, and values essential for personal development, a productive life, and constructive
engagement with a changing social milleu. 2 Provide learning experiences that increase the
child’s awareness of and responsiveness to the just demands of society. 3 Promote and
intensify awareness of identification with, and love for our nation and the community to which
the learner belongs. 4 Promote experiences that develop the learner’s orientation to the world
or work and prepare the learners to engage in honest and gainful work.
DISCUSSION
K-12 has been met with criticism from youth and student groups, teachers, parents and
the academic community. The DepEd, for its part, appears determined to enact the program
with its proposed budget catering mostly to preparing the grounds for its eventual
implementation.
The DepEd argues that the K-12 program will be the solution to yearly basic education
woes and the deteriorating quality of education. Critics, however, counteract that the education
crisis needs to be addressed more fundamentally and adding more school years would only
exacerbate the situation. While the reaction of the public is divided, where some are in favor
and some are not, here are several issues that point out to the aggression of opposing groups
Actually, earlier than the K-12 curriculum, the DepEd started updating the way the students are
taught. The Understanding by Design (UBD) was introduced as a tool for preparing lesson
plans. The original authors of the UBD, Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe, state that the UBD is
not good for preparing lesson plans. The DepEd should fix the current curriculum for better
education, instead of adding new subjects which will probably increase the problem of poor
quality education. The curriculum in the Philippines from the past is not good, and the new K-12
curriculum will only add complication to our present education system. The government should
focus on fixing the current curriculum before adding major changes so the people would know if
the change is necessary and beneficial. Another problem concerning the implementation of the
K-12 curriculum is the cost. “The government does not have the money to fully support today’s
ten years. The DepEd should first solve the lack of classrooms, furniture and equipment,
qualified teachers, and error-free textbooks.” (Cruz, The K+12 debate, 2010). The government
must be prepared for the costs of the implementation of the K-12 curriculum. Keep in mind that
the parents are also going to spend more money for their children’s education. Also, a major
One of the main problems in the Philippines which the government needs to resolve is
the lack of school and classrooms in the different parts of the country. It is important that
students stay in a place that is conducive for study while they are away from home. In addition,
with teachers go abroad to teach, or do another job, there is already a shortage of educators in
schools that mold the minds of learners. And this deficiency has become a problem for the
country in the past several years. Finally, there is a need for students to utilize the appropriate
instructional materials and school equipment for them to learn and gain the necessary
knowledge in school. Due to the government’s lack of budget, facilities, and teachers, the K-12
curriculum will be hard to implement. The Philippines is need of better education, not more
government responsible for the management and governing of the Philippine system of basic
education, should first ensure the people that the quality of their education is excellent.
The Philippine administration asserts that with the implementation of such program, the
Philippines is concerned, the K12 education also responds to the fact that most countries in the
world already have the same plan in their educational system. The K+12 is slowly being
and High school. The DepEd is looking forward to have K+12’s first senior graduate in 2018.
The development of K to 12 Program has been made possible by the collaborative efforts of
members of the Steering Committee which is composed of DepED, CHED, TESDA, and other
stakeholders.” The government’s K-12 program is a much-needed change for the country’s
education system. Through this program, people may expect better-trained citizens who could
Before the Implementation of the K-12 program began, the Philippines is one of the
very few countries remaining that provide only ten years of basic education, six years in
elementary and four years secondary. This short period makes it difficult for Filipinos to be
competitive with countries like Japan or Korea, that have at least 12 years of basic education
under their belt. In most cases, the extra years spent in basic education should enable students
to tackle subjects like mathematics and science in more details, instead of the rushed manner
prepared for college education. The program is expected to provide a clear view of which
career they would take. This may lead to less drop-outs, and more chances of success in
The K-12 system is not without its critics. Some people say that it is not the number of years
that should be increased, but the quality of instruction that the students receive. In a way,
adding a few years to basic education can still provide the quality that students need.
Now on its first year of implementation, the K-12 program is not without challenges,
but it is an endeavor worth pursuing if we truly intend to improve the Philippine education
system. By investing more time and resources in our education, we can expect our graduates to
become competitive in the global business arena, and bring more success that would contribute
as follows: 1. To provide basic education for all 2. To provide experiences applicable to learners
daily living 3. To provide education for national unity with common purposes and opportunity for
local authorities to develop part of the curriculum suitable to their conditions and
needs.Education provided according to this curriculum shall develop in learners the following
Knowledge and understanding about self, natural environment and social changes 3. Ability to
take care of personal and family health. 4. Ability to identify causes of personal and family
problems and to apply scientific reasoning skill in suggesting ways and means to solve them. 5.
Pride in being Thai, unselfishness, fair-mindedness and ability to live happily with others. 6.
Habits of reading and life-long learning 7. Basic knowledge and skills in work, good work habits
and ability to work cooperatively with others 8. Knowledge and understanding about social
conditions and changes at home and in the community; ability to play the roles and carry out
responsibilities as good members of the family and community, to conserve and develop
1. Tool Subjects, comprising Thai language and mathematics. 2. Life Experiences, dealing with
the process of solving social and daily life problems with an emphasis on scientific process
skills for better living. 3. Character Development, dealing with activities necessary for
developing desirable habits, values, attitudes and behaviour, which will lead to a desirable
character. 4. Work-oriented Experiences, dealing with general practical work experiences and
concerned with developing competence in listening, speaking, reading and writing. Listening is
an information – processing act. It includes skills in auditory discrimination and cognitive
comprehension. Speaking includes skills in using the language expressions and grammatical
Reading is getting meaning from the printed page. It includes skills for vocabulary
application, literary appreciation and study skills. Writing includes readiness skills, mechanics,
guided writing, functional, and creative writing. Learning activities to develop competence in
these phases of communication should be varied, meaningful and realistic. Science and Health
concepts may be used as content in English especially for Grades I and II, but not to the extent
of neglecting the content in the English books for the grade. Grade III is considered the
threshold in reading. Thus, at the end of the third grade, every child is expected to be a
functional/successful reader.
The Features of the BEC; 1 Greater emphasis on helping every learner to become
values formation in all the subject areas. Every teacher is a values education teacher.
use of effective strategies for the development of critical and creative thinking skills.
COMPARISON
ADVANTAGES
1. An enhanced curriculum will decongest academic workload, giving students more time to
master competencies and skills as well as time for other learning opportunities beyond the
proposal will be designed to adjust and meet the fast-changing demands of society to prepare
3. Graduates will be prepared for higher education. Due to an enhanced curriculum that will
provide relevant content and attuned with the changing needs of the times, basic education will
ensure sufficient mastery of core subjects to its graduates such that graduates may opt to
4. Graduates will be able to earn higher wages and/or better prepared to start their own
business. There is a strong correlation between educational attainment and wage structure and
studies specific to the Philippine setting show that an additional year of schooling increases
earnings by 7.5%. This should also allow greater access to higher education for self-supporting
students.
architects, doctors, etc., could now be recognized as professionals in other countries. Those
who intend to study abroad will meet the entrance requirements of foreign schools. (Cruz,2010)
6. The economy will experience accelerated growth in the long run. The objective of the
K+12 programs is to improve quality of basic education. Several studies have shown that the
improvements in the quality of education will increase GDP growth by as much as 2%. Studies
in the UK, India and US show that additional years of schooling also have positive overall
impact on society.
7. The Philippine education system will be at par with international standards. K+12 will
facilitate mutual recognition of Filipino graduates and professionals following the Washington
development. The Enhanced K+12 Basic Education system will contribute to the development
DISADVANTAGES
1. Parents have to shell out more money (for transportation and food) for education of their
children.
2. The government does not have the money to pay for two more years of free education,
since it does not even have the money to fully support today’s ten years. DepEd must first solve
the lack of classroom, furniture and equipment, qualified teachers, and error- free textbooks.
3. Filipinos right now are accepted in prestigious graduate schools in the world, even with
adding new ones. The problem is the content, not the length, of basic education. As an editorial
5. A high School diploma will not get anybody anywhere, because business firms will not
7. While students are stuck in Grade 11 and 12, colleges and universities will have no
freshmen for two years. This will spell financial disaster for many private Higher Education
Institutions (HEIs).
8. The drop-out rate will increase because of the two extra years. (Cruz, 2010)
The additional two years in basic education may not be the only answer to the quality of the
educational system. Quality may also depend on the curriculum, the quality of educators and
the facilities provided for by the school campuses. With the continuing increase in school tuition,
the upgrade on quality education should have already been included. The additional two years
will only be to the advantage of the schools and will only make education a more lucrative
business. The question remains. Will the new system assure graduates of employment after
graduation? If not, the DepEd should instead enhance what we already have and not add to the
competitive Filipino students and it will maximize their time on choosing their career base on
I agree in K+12 it is because that students will have more time to choose the right course
that best suits in their skills and they will be more capable and matured to confront college
It depends on the value of education, not on the duration. Why not give more support and
develop the schools and students' potentials? I think it is more effective to attain the excellent
This is part of President Benigno "NoyNoy" Aquino III's Educational Reform Program.
The P-Noy Administration believes that adding more years to basic education in the Philippines
could help solve the problem of unemployment, keep up with global standards, and help filipino
students to have more time to choose the career that best suits their skills.
It’s a given fact that the Aquino administration has good intentions in implementing this K-12
plan. But no matter how good these intentions are, there would still be parts of the society who
would give them a hard time making this education amendment. Sadly, the Philippine education
system is far behind other countries’. If this K-12 plan would push through, help the concerned
parties have that optimism that this would bring our education system a few notches higher.
Make everybody realize that yes, we do have quality education here and we are able to
This paper attempted to determine the advantages and disadvantages and the
This research design used in this study is the descriptive research method wherein data
Education in the Philippines has and always been a treasure for all Filipinos who wish to
improve life a little bit especially those belonging to the middle and low income group. But with
the advent of the K+12 Basic program of the Department of Education where formal education
starts from Kindergarten, six years in elementary, three years junior high school and two years
senior high school. Counting the number of years that parents will devote to spending for their
children's education means more work, more efforts to exert, more waiting years before they
will finally see their children graduate from basic education. Parents think of the longer period
before they can witness their children earn their living, a common dream of a typical Filipino
parent.
However, if this program will be fully materialized, Filipino graduates of basic education
become highly comparable and competent as with their other Asian and global counterparts.
Parents may shell more for school needs but they just have to think that their children can
already enroll in other countries, if they wish to, because of the competitive basic education
curriculum. This should be the thinking of a rational parent, a must for a progressive country like
in the Philippines.
This study focuses only on the perception of the parents’ students affected by the K-12
program since it has been implemented this year the study will only focus on what the parents
think and how it will affect them. It will also focus on the circumstances that will put one in
favorable position, and those circumstances that will put one in unfavorable position.
The study will only ask the parents about K-6-4-2 and not go beyond asking them if they’ll still
very mobile. Sometimes in the course of the school year ,they change residence and transfer to
another school. Furthermore, the DepEd uses the national curriculum as the standard for
assessing your performance and the performance of your pupils. There must be only one
standard for all. History of Restructured Curriculum As we all may know, there were other
education acts before the 1980’s that influenced earlier national curricula. The National
Elementary School Curriculum (NESC) implemented from 1984 to 2002 and the New
Secondary Education Curriculum (NSEC) implemented from 1991 to 2002. This serves as
background information for the superior understanding of the present Basic Education
Curriculum (BEC).
The educative community helps its students to be self-disciplined and self-directed and
to acquire a set of personal criteria based on the Gospel values in order to respond
meaningfully to persons and situations. The Basic Education Curriculum helps students to
develop habits of intellectual concentration, creative thinking and critical appreciation and
judgment. They are directed to have a strong sense of commitment to service, to be men and
women for others especially for the poor. The Basic Education Curriculum strives to help
students to be rooted in the Filipino heritage, committed to love, cherish and preserve the best
The Basic Education Curriculum provides a curriculum with stronger integration of the principles
of personalized education, emphasis critical thinking skills to help the students with decision
making process, greater emphasis on learning process and increase time for task to gain
To achieve these goals, the school utilizes varied and adequate methods and approaches to
respond to the needs, qualities and possibilities of the students, always respecting the
uniqueness of persons.
The ideal Filipino learners are empowered learners; who are competent in learning how
to learn and have life skills so that they become self developed persons who are makabayan
(Godly). Functional literacy is the essential ability for lifelong learning in our dynamically
changing world. The ideal teacher of the curriculum is not the authoritarian instructor but the
trustworthy facilitator or manager of the learning process. She enables the learners to become
active constructors of meaning and not passive recipients of information The ideal teaching
learning process is interactive where the learners, the teachers, instructional materials and
Initially, the DepEd justifies the K-12 model by saying that thepresent short basic
education program affects the human development of Filipino students. Ultimately, regardless
of whichever “model”, what the youth and country direly needs is for the development
and establishmentof an education system that caters to the needs of the Filipino youth andthe
society in general.Unfortunately, data shows the current situation that the country isfacing in
terms of the educational system that might obstruct theimplementation of the said policy. But
presenters could ever come up. But just to satisfy the means of having this paper the end is, the
presenters chose thesecond option, Suspend the realization of the policy and reschedule for
Philippines is the last country in the region to adopt a K-12basic educations system because it
is not all about the trending basisbut checking in accordance to the “reality”. During the
andScience Study (TIMSS), they conclude that the problem about the presentcurriculum in
Filipinostudents. International tests results like 2003 TIMSS rank thePhilippines 34th out of 38
countries in HS II Math and 43rd out of 46countries in HS II Science; for grade 4, the
Philippines ranked 23rd outof 25 participating countries in both Math and Science. In 2008,
evenwith only the science high schools participating in the AdvancedMathematics category, the
Philippines was ranked lowest. This quality of education is reflected in the inadequate
education.It is not the question of teaching force because internationally wecan say that the
country is equipped of well trained educators capableenough for the learning needed by the
students in our country. In fact,teachers in our country are highly demanded and most preferred
to behired and work in other country. But it is the matter of the educationalsystem that we have
curriculum, yet it is delivered in just 10 years. Though some criticizing it as a way only to
realigned as to what is the trending educational system to musthave, then why not follow it if it
will sustain the development of theeducational system of our country and there is nothing wrong
with it.As to the question of the consequences that will be brought by thepolicy, surely there will
be many of those and it’s a part of the changes.Better because the government exists to uplift
the standard of educationin the country and not just sitting down to their respective offices
andwaiting what will happen to the future of the students experiencing thecurrent
thus to relate it with economic hindrances itshould be another story that is worth to be reflected
and should notserve as a hindrance for the development of one system in our
country (education). To reach the development wherein the citizens are wanting,admitting the
But, out of the advantages that can be given by the policy, what isnow to be considered
as constraint is the time. There is a need to developto the part of the teaching force, the
facilities and the equipments thecountry presently have, further evaluation and thorough
analysis as tothe whatever outcome that can be brought by it. Implementing programsthat will
lead to the positive realization of the policy and usage of mediais a help to penetrate the minds
of the parents and making them realizedthe long term output that the policy can give by. In
system.
Parents of the students. This research would be able to help the parents of the students
who are affected by the K-12 program, this will give them an idea of what will be the
advantages and disadvantages of the program, and if it will help their children grow from the
academic nature.
Students. The students will benefit from the study by letting them know how they are
going to be able to understand the addition of 2 years from their schooling. Students will know
Teachers. This study will benefit the teachers from the school, for them to be prepared for the
additional two years to the basic education. It is important for them to know the advantages and
disadvantages of the program, because they will be the one providing the knowledge to the
children.
School. This research will also benefit the school, so they will anticipate the additional
cost to the program, also the additional teachers and everything that they should be anticipating
for.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
responsible for the management and governing of the Philippine system of basic
education. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Education_(Philippines))
3. Elementary. A school for the first four to eight years of a child’s formal education, often
including kindergarten.
4. K12. A scheme of Department of education which contains the additional one year for
up to specifies age, takes place. It follows elementary or primary school and may be
6. Private School. It is also known as independent schools or non state schools, are not
administered by local, state or national governments; thus, they retain the right to select
their students and are funded in whole or in part by charging their students' tuition, rather
than relying on mandatory taxation through public (government) funding, students can
get a scholarship into a private school which makes the cost cheaper depending on a
the government – national, regional, or local – financially supported by the civil through
taxes.
BOOK
ELECTRONIC MEDIA
http:// www.oppapers.com/essays/The-Implementation-Of-The-K-12-Systems/613651
DepEd (2010). Discussion Paper on the Enhanced K+12 Basic Education Program. Retrieved
andDevelopment. UNESCO
Articles/ Journals:
Jane Uymatiao
, Sunday, 22 January 2012. Retrived fromhttp://www.thepoc.net/commentaries/14612-why-we-
Joe Padre