Appendix A

Standard Symbols for Hydraulic Components

Table B.1 Flow lines

Hydraulic

Pneumatic

Continuous flow

Pilot connection L

L>10E

E
Drain connection L
L<5E

d5E
Connected
d
L

Not connected

Flexible

Plugged

Restricted, affected by viscosity

Restricted, not affected by viscosity

 Table B.2 Basic Hydraulic Circuits

Miscellaneous
E D
Line, mech. connection (shaft, levers, piston
rods)
D<5E
Line, enclosure (several components in a unit)
Spring

Direction of rotation

Electric motor M

Heat engine M

Filter or strainer

Reservoir, with line above fluid level

Reservoir, with line below fluid level
Reservoir, as header

Adjustable setting

Reservoir switch

Pressure switch

Accumulator
Sring Loaded Gas Loaded

Cooler, without indicating flow line

Cooler, indicating flow lines of coolant

Heater

Pressure gauge
 Pumps and Fluid Motors

With one direction of flow

Fixed-capacity hydraulic pump

With two directions of flow

With one direction of flow

Variable-capacity hydraulic pump

With two directions of flow

With one direction of flow

Fixed-capacity hydraulic motor

With two directions of flow

With one direction of flow

Variable-capacity hydraulic motor

With two directions of flow

 Cylinders
Detailed Simplified

Cylinder, single-acting

Cylinder, returned by spring

Cylinder, double-acting with single

piston rod

Cylinder, double-acting with double

piston rod

Cylinder, with single fixed cushion

Cylinder, with double adjustable

cushion

Cylinder, telescopic single-acting

Cylinder, telescopic double-acting

 Control Methods

Control, muscular By lever

With detents By pedal

By push button
Control, Electrical

By solenoid
With 1 Winding With 2 Winding

By electrical motor M

Control, Hydraulics ( Direct Acting)

Hydraulic Pneumatic
By application of pressure

Hydraulic Pneumatic
By release of pressure

Control, Hydraulics ( Indirect Control, Pilot-Operated)

Hydraulic Pneumatic

By application of pressure

Hydraulic Pneumatic

By release of pressure

Control paths inside the unit

Control, Electrohydraulic
Solenoid controlled Solenoid operated
and pilot operated or pilot operated
 Control, Mechanical (Operating in One Direction Only)
By plunger or tracer By roller

By spring By roller

Control, servo

Pressure Control Valves

Throttling orifice Throttling orifice

(normally closed) (normally closed)

Inlet pressure control

Pressure relief valves

Inlet pressure or remote pilot

control

Proportional pressure Inlet pressure limited to a value

relief valves proportional to pilot pressure

Sequence

Without relief port Without relief port with remote

control

Pressure regulator or
reducing valve With relief port With relief port with remote
control
Differential pressure regulator (outlet pressure is reduced
by a fixed amount with respect to the inlet pressure)

Proportional pressure regulator (outlet pressure is reduced

by a fixed ratio with respect to the inlet pressure)

Flow Control Valves

Shut-off valve

Non-return valve (also called check

valve)

Non-return valve, spring-loaded

Non-return valve, pilot-operated

Non-return valve, with restriction

Flow control valve, with fixed output

Simple
Detailed

Flow control valve, with variable

output

Detailed Simple
 Direction Control valves

These squares indicate direction control valves, having

as many distinct positions as there are squares. The
pipe connections are represented as connected to the
box, representing the unoperated condition. For
operation, boxes are imagined to be displaced, so that
pipe connections correspond with ports of the box in
question.

One-flow path

Two closed ports

Directional valve, with two extreme positions and an

infinite number of intermediate conditions with varying
degrees of throttling

Detailed

Directional valve single-solenoid-controlled, pilot-

operated in both directions, spring return, four ports,
two distinct position

Simple
 Pneumatics Components

Vacuum pump

Detailed Symbol
Filter with Auto Lubricator with
Drain Drain

Filterregulatorlubricator

Relieving Adjustable
Regulator

Simplified Symbol

Filter with water trap with manual

Air bleed

Plain with no provision

for connection
Exhaust port

Threaded for connection

Air compressor