What Is Control

Valve?
Control Valve is...
 Valves to control flow, pressure, temperature,
and liquid level by fully or partially opening or closing

in response to signals received from controllers that

compare a "setpoint" to a “process variable” whose
value is provided by sensors that monitor changes in
such conditions.
Why Control Valves used?
 Process plants consist of hundreds of control loops all
networked together to produce a product.

 Each of these control loops is designed to keep some

important process variable (pressure, flow, level,
temperature)
Three Main Parts
How The Valve Is Controlled?
 The arm muscle and hand → actuator

 Positioning its movable part → Plug, ball, vane

 Accurately locate the valve plug in a position dictated

by the control signal.

Control Valve Arrangement
  GATE VALVE

Types  BUTTERFLY VALVE

 CHECK VALVE
Of  GLOBE VALVE

Valve  DIAPHRAGM VALVE

 NEEDLE VALVE

 PISTON VALVE
Types Of Control Valve
 a) Pneumatic

 b) Electrical

 c) Hydraulic
a) Pneumatic actuators
i. Piston actuators
 The compressed air is applied to a solid piston
contained within a solid cylinder.
 Piston actuators can be single acting or double
acting
 withstand higher input pressures and can offer
smaller cylinder volumes
 act at high speed.
ii. Diaphragm actuators
 Diaphragm actuators have compressed air applied
to a flexible membrane called the diaphragm.
 Valve Type
 Valve A are air to close type, indicating, if the air fails,
the valve will be fully open.
 Opposite for the case for valve B.
Number of Plugs
 Control valves can also be characterized in terms of
the number of plugs present as :

i. Single-seated valve

ii. Double-seated valve

Single Seated & Double Seated
 Single Seated
 Advantage :
 Fully closed
 Flow variation (0% to 100%)

 Disadvantage:
 Construction, pressure drop across the orifice,
a large upward force is present in the orifice
area.
 Large force required to move the valve against
this upward thrust.
 Suitable for small flow rate.
 Double Seated
 Advantages:
 Flow moves upward in one orifice area, and downward in
the other orifice.
 Almost zero resultant upward or downward thrust.
 Less force required to move double-seated valve.
 Disadvantage:
 Flow cannot be shut off completely.
 If one plug is tightly closed, there is usually a small gap
between the other plug and its seat.
 b) Hydraulic Control Valve
 Hydraulic actuators provide for semi-automatic or automatic
positioning of the valve (similar to pneumatic actuators).

 These actuators use a piston to convert a signal pressure into

valve stem motion

 A control valve slides in a cylinder and alters the flow of the fluid

 Hydraulic fluid is fed to either side of the piston while the other
side is drained or bled
 Solenoid valves are typically used for automatic control
of the hydraulic fluid to direct either opening or
closing of the valve

 Manual valves can also be used for controlling the

hydraulic fluid thus providing semi-automatic
operation.
Piston operated
control valve
 The hydraulic control valve shown in figure above is
normally held in the CLOSED position by both a spring
force and by the main pressure acting against the disk

 When hydraulic pressure is admitted to the underside of

the piston a force is created to overcome both the spring
tension and the main pressure, causing the valve to open
 When hydraulic pressure is released from under the
piston, the spring force the hydraulic fluid out of the
cylinder thus closing the valve.

 A ratchet lever is fitted to the valve so in an emergency,

the valve can be opened by hand
c) Electrical Actuator Control Valve
1. Motor
2. Limit and
torque
sensor
3. Gearing
4. Valve
Attachmen
t
5. Manual
Operation
6. Electrical
Connectio
n
Working Principle
MOTOR
 Three-phase AC motor are mostly used as the driving
force.

 Single-phase AC or DC motors

 Higher starting torque (asst by capacitors)

 NOT design to run for continues operation

 Robust
LIMIT & TORQUE SENSOR
 The limit switch send signal when the end position has
been reached.
 Torque switching measures the torque present in the
valve.
 Remote position transmitter which indicates the valve
position.
 GEARING
 Excessive reduction ratio between gear stage is use to
reduce the high output speed of the electric motor.
VALVE ATTACHMENT
 The flange used to firmly connect the actuator to the
counterpart on the valve side.
 The higher the torque to be transmitted, the larger the
flange required.
 MANUAL OPERATION
 Power failure.
 Handwheel DOES NOT move during motor operation.
 During manual operation :
i. Electronic torque limiting device will not be
functioning.
ii. Mechanical torque limiting device used.
Electrical connection
 Supply cables of the motor and the signal cables used.

 To transmit the commands to the actuator and sending

feedback signals on the actuator status.